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Measuring carbon footprint and controlling carbon emissions across a supply chain have gained considerable attention. This study investigates the effects of carbon emissions within the framework of air freight integrator shipment planning, with integration and consolidation. A mixed 0–1 Linear Programming (LP) model is formulated to examine the effects of operational adjustments on carbon emissions and cost performance, as well as the effects of carbon emissions regulations on operational decisions. Sensitivity analysis is performed to examine different carbon emissions policies and operational environments. Reducing carbon emissions through operational adjustments is feasible at the expense of some increase in cost. Thus, reducing carbon emissions may be considered an alternative or a supplement to more costly carbon-reducing technologies. Policies implemented to control carbon emissions can affect operational decisions when carbon tax/price is high enough. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since China's speedy economic development, the problems of energy consumption and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent. A question worth in-depth study is whether ecological civilization (EC) construction, one of the main policies to solve China's severe environmental and ecological problems, affects carbon dioxide emissions (CDE). In this study, we use a novel method proposed by Hsiao et al. (2012) to estimate the average treatment effect by using panel data to study the impact of establishing the EC pilot zones of China on CDE. The results show that, although EC construction is effective in reducing CDE, the impact varies from region to region. The study findings can provide a scientific basis to promote the experience of EC construction better and improve its CDE effect. • Impact of ecological civilization pilot zones on carbon emissions is studied. • An empirical analysis is conducted based on the HCW method. • Effects of ecological civilization on reducing carbon emissions vary by area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inventory analysis of greenhouse gas emission for large-scale biogas plants using carbon footprint method still needs to be improved. Based on the life cycle theory, the application of carbon footprint on four large-scale biogas plants was analyzed in this paper, which comprehensively considered project progresses of civil engineering construction, operation and comprehensive utilization of residues and slurry. Also the greenhouse gas emissions during the construction and waste removal stages were analyzed and estimated. The carbon footprint of those plants was analyzed in different types and scales. The results showed that the larger scale plant will produce relatively lower carbon footprint. The greenhouse gas emission of energy production, utilization during the period of anaerobic digestion accounted for more than 96% of the entire life cycle emission. The proportion of greenhouse gas emissions on equipment, demolition recycling and transportation phases was smaller, which was less than 1.5% and should be simplified in calculation. The greenhouse gas emission of building materials production can be ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]