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Alternative institutions have played a significant role in the difficult and tenacious development process of private enterprises in recent decades. the paper applied 306 listed companies' data from January 2012 to December 2022 to investigate the relationship between institutional gap and enterprise behavior. Based on the identified, classified, and explained formal and alternative institutions, it proposed the concept of 'institutional gap' to infer the overlapped content of these two states. Concluding from the empirical results, Chinese private enterprises that introduced state-owned equity outperformance in management, financing and entering industries with high barriers. Moreover, the channel of state-owned equity introduction is compared with entrepreneurs' political participation. Although introducing state-owned equity is a crucial approach, the establishment and improvement of relevant legal systems is suggested, such as formal regulations and laws. The government should deepen the reform of the economic system to improve the business environment, so private enterprises consciously rely on market mechanisms to allocate resources efficiently and rationally, instead of actively seeking connections with the government to obtain benefits. The supervisory role of checks and balances shareholders should be exerted to the greatest extent to maintain and increase the value of state-owned assets, rather than allowing the controlling private shareholders to use them as resources acquired political capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to explore the intrinsic mechanism of green finance's role in widening the green development space for China, in order to optimize the structure of green financial development and accelerate the construction of a modernized economic system. Taking ecological environment improvement as a new research perspective, this paper presents the impacts and mechanisms of green finance on the green development space of the economy and society through the fixed-effect model and moderating-effect model, based on panel data from 30 provinces and municipalities in China from 2011 to 2020. The findings show that green finance development in China significantly expands the green development space of the economy and society, and this conclusion did not change after robustness tests such as replacing the main variables, adjusting the study interval, and considering endogeneity. In terms of its mechanism of action, ecological environment improvement plays an important mediating and regulating role in the process of green finance, essentially magnifying the green development space of the economy and society. In terms of a heterogeneity analysis, the effect of green finance on the expansion of the green development space is the largest in the eastern region, followed by the northeastern region, and the smallest in the central and western regions. In addition, the positive effect of green finance is relatively larger in regions with a higher urbanization level, government fiscal expenditure level, foreign investment level, and advanced industrial structure. The main contribution of this paper is to the field of green development, revealing the important role of the ecological benefits of green finance, which can help to achieve high-quality sustainable development in the economy and society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's economy has developed rapidly since the implementation of its reform and opening-up policy. However, the long-term extensive development has also brought serious ecological problems to China. Ecological crises, such as air pollution, water pollution and land desertification occur frequently. Green finance has become a path to promote China's sustainable economic development as an economic activity to deal with climate change, improve the ecological environment and make rational use of resources. This paper will construct a spatial econometric model and coupling coordination degree model to carry out empirical research. Based on the data from 1999 to 2020, this paper constructs an evaluation index system of green finance and an economic ecology system. First, the spatial autocorrelation model is used to analyze the spatial relationship. Second, the coupling coordination degree model is used to measure the evolution of the coupling coordination relationship between green finance and economic ecology. The results show that green finance has a strong spatial agglomeration. Economic and ecological development has maintained a stable spatial positive correlation. The spatial difference of economic ecological development is more obvious than the development of green finance. The development of green finance has a significant positive role in promoting the economic and ecological development of its province. The degree of coupling and coordination of green finance and economic ecology shows an increasing trend, changing from transition type to coupling and coordination type. It shows that China's green finance can effectively promote the overall optimal development of economic ecology to a certain extent. However, no high-quality coordination was observed in the result of coupling coordination, and thus, there is still some room for progress in the development of the two. China needs to change the current mode of economic development comprehensively and take the road of harmonious development suited to the economy and the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The protection and management of important agricultural heritage systems (IAHS) are essential to the sustainable economic and social development of heritage sites. Using the time-varying difference-in-differences (DID) model, this paper analyzes the influence of the identification of IAHS on economic growth and compares the difference between Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) and China's Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (China-NIAHS). The results show that the identification of IAHS can significantly promote the economic growth of heritage sites, and the identification of GIAHS has a stronger role. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the economic driving effect of IAHS identification on heritage sites is affected by geographical location and poverty. The economic driving effect is stronger in Western China and in relatively poor areas. In addition, the influencing mechanism of regional economic growth after IAHS identification is discussed. The results show that IAHS identification can promote the development of the grain processing industry and the improvement of infrastructure construction, so as to increase the added value of secondary industries at heritage sites. Moreover, the level of heritage recognition leads to different policy tendencies. Among these, GIAHS identification significantly promotes investment growth, while China-NIAHS identification significantly promotes the population agglomeration of heritage sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's economic globalization and artificial intelligence modern society, the rapid economic growth mainly relies on the vigorous development of digital information technology. Simultaneously, digital technology promotes economic revolution and produces a digital economy, which has become an important concept of China's economic development. In order to more scientifically and accurately describe the development status of my country's industrial structure and digital economy industry, this paper takes each industry of the national economy as the research object and puts forward the idea of using complex network theory to study the relationship between input and output. Based on the complex network theory, this paper analyzes the interrelationships between various industries in the complex system. By referring to the relevant data of the national economic input and output in recent years, the input-output correlation network model between the various industries in the national economic system is established. Using the method of combining statistical analysis and comparative analysis, quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, carry out detailed and in-depth statistical analysis from the input-output correlation network model and model attributes so as to point out the status and role of various industries in the national economy and so as to analyze and study the industrial structure of the national economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Background and Content. Intellectual property and high-quality economic development are mutually reinforcing and restrictive, China is a large but not a strong intellectual property country, and China's high-quality economic development still has problems of inadequacy and imbalance. Based on the above research background, this paper mainly studies the relationship between the intellectual property system and the high-quality economic development system from the perspective of coupled and coordinated development. Research Objective. The objective is to measure the coupling and coordination degree between the intellectual property development system and the high-quality economic development system and to explore the spatiotemporal characteristics and differences in the coupling and coordination between the two systems. Research Method. Based on the data of 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) from 2013 to 2020, the methods used in this paper to analyse include entropy weight method, grey correlation analysis, coupling coordination degree model, and Dagum Gini coefficient. Research Results. The development of economic openness and innovation are more closely related to the development of intellectual property, and the protection, utilization, and creation of intellectual property are more closely related to high-quality economic development; the coupling coordination degree of the two systems shows the characteristics such as "high in the east and low in the west" and "coastal area is better than inland," and the development of intellectual property lags behind the high-quality economic development; the coupling and coordination degree of the two systems shows a slight growth trend in most provinces, but the overall differences shows an expanding trend, and differences between regions are the main sources of overall regional differences. Research Innovation. Research innovation is to study the two-way relationship between intellectual property and high-quality economic development and to measure the coupling and coordination degree between the development system of intellectual property and the high-quality economic development system, and its spatiotemporal characteristics, regional differences, and sources of differences are analyzed. Research Value. Research value is to provide decision reference for the two-way empowerment of intellectual property and high-quality economic development and regional coordinated development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intelligentization-oriented development is a fast-developing trend of technological revolution. It promotes the reconstruction of the industrial system of a region and affects its overall industrial competitiveness. This paper sets up a variety of models featuring intelligentization level and multi-dimensional industrial competitiveness, and collects data of 28 provinces and cities in China from 2003 to 2017 to test the influence of industrial intelligentization level on the industrial competitiveness of a region. The result reveals that: 1) In China's provincial jurisdictions, the higher the level of intelligentization is, the lower the overall level of industrial competitiveness and the lower the proportion of industry in the economic system will be. In regions where the facilities are highly intelligentialized, the production sectors tend to move to the less developed regions, and the growth effect of technological dividends is the focus. 2) Compared with the middle region and the Western region of China, the Eastern region, which is more developed with higher intelligentization level, has stronger ability in the research and development (R&D) of technologies, and the economic structure of the industry there tends to be stable, manifesting a strong growth potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new concept for systematically evaluating ecosystem services, Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) provides an effective means to comprehensively reveal the overall status of the ecosystem, the impact of economic activities on the ecological environment, and the effectiveness of ecological protection efforts. GEP accounting has been conducted in various regions; however, GEP's application in natural reserves still requires further exploration. Taking the Qinling Mountains as the research area, this paper aims to assess the relationship between GEP and economic development on the basis of the GEP accounting system. The results indicated that: (1) From 2010 to 2020, GEP tended to increase continuously and exhibited a distribution pattern with high value regions in the east and west, and low value regions in the north and south. (2) Over the years, the coupling coordination degree between GEP and GDP was in a consistent upward trend. In 2020, a good coupling coordination state between GEP and GDP was achieved in most districts and counties. (3) With the relative development between GEP and GDP, the social economy of most districts and counties lagged behind GEP in 2010. The number of districts and counties lagging in GEP in 2020 increased, while the number of regions with a balanced development of GEP and GDP was still relatively discouraging. (4) In general, elevation, contagion, temperature, population density, and precipitation were the main drivers of coupling coordination degree between GEP and GDP. If the relationship between economic development and ecological environmental protection can be reasonably balanced, it will further promote the sustainable development of nature reserves, and provide a scientific basis for sustainable policy-making in other similar areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ocean economy is the sum of various industrial activities for developing, utilizing, and protecting the ocean, as well as the activities associated with it. As the globe gradually pays more attention to ocean economic growth, China, as a significant maritime country, has begun to pay attention to the sector and put up ocean economic development policies. The marine economy has great potential, and the development of the marine economy is of great significance to the economic development of China. The Fujian Province is located at the junction of the Belt and Road and the Yangtze River Economic Belt, with a unique geographical location and natural resource advantages. Analyzing the state of the ocean economy in the Fujian Province, identifying challenges, and developing ocean economic development strategies to promote the long-term growth of the ocean economy in the Fujian Province has become a pressing issue that must be addressed. Because there is currently limited research on ocean economic systems and a paucity of ocean economic data, this paper uses a deep neural network to forecast the ocean production output value of the Fujian Province. The experimental results show that the model proposed in this paper can predict the ocean invention value of the Fujian Province well, which confirms the effectiveness of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents two competing views on China's growth experience over the past three decades. For the sake of illustrative ease and brevity I label these two opposing views as the Beijing Consensus and the Washington Consensus. The Beijing Consensus interprets China's economic growth as a function of innovations in the state sector, including close financial controls, state ownership of firms, and political controls in favor of economic growth. The Washington Consensus views China's experience much the same as growth experiences elsewhere•that is, as a result of financial liberalization, private entrepreneurship, and political opening. Contrary to the established views among China scholars, this paper argues that the Washington Consensus view fits with the Chinese growth experience better. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Climate change is directly linked to a broad array of changes because of disorganized activities within the economic system and human intervention. Climate change affects the well-being status of both non-living and living things. Relevant policies to mitigate and adapt to climate change conditions concentrate on solutions that intend to use renewable energy instead of fossil fuels or other conventional energy sources. This study aims to process a review focused on how renewables advance environmental quality and create relevant benefits within severe economic activities. This study elaborates on the case of China for two main reasons. First, China has a pivotal role in the economic system worldwide. Second, China is making serious attempts to transition into a low-carbon economy. An integrative review was processed to receive selected publications. The advantage of this process is that it considers empirical and non-empirical studies, policy papers, and conceptual frameworks. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to retrieve the final number of publications. Review results from 39 well-acknowledged Journals provided 180 selected publications categorized into seven study groups: data analyses, model optimization studies, market issues, renewable energy technology publications, nuclear energy publications, ocean energy publications, and policy-related studies. Policy implications concern China's efforts to accelerate the integration of renewables in the energy mix. Hence, the country should increase energy efficiency in consumption and process investment plans based on robust research and development efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2017, the 19th CPC National Congress proposed to "establish a sound economic system of green, low-carbon and circular development", which indicates the direction of high-quality economic development in the new era of China. Clean power investment is a powerful way to promote high-quality economic development by adopting non-fossil-energy utilization and low-emission technologies, as well as creating new jobs. Meanwhile, large-scale investment and a long investment return period result in negative effects on local economies. To better understand the effect of clean power investment, this paper selects panel data of thirty provinces in China from 2010 to 2019 to establish a spatial Durbin model to explore the impact of clean power investment on regional high-quality economic development. The results show that inter-regional high-quality economic development shows significant spatial auto-correlation characteristics. Clean power investment has not only a positive direct effect on high-quality economic development but also generates positive spatial spillover effects. Human capital, degree of government intervention, and urbanization rate have positive effects on regional high-quality economic development, while they play a suppressed role on neighboring regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building a green and healthy economic system and achieving high‐quality economic growth have long been the development goals pursued by the Chinese government. Under the local government competition system, coordinating the relationship between economic growth and ecological sustainability is a decisive factor for China's high‐quality development. As a former state planned economy, China inherited a legacy of setting economic growth targets at various levels of government. This paper analyzes the relationship between economic growth targets and ecological efficiency by using panel data models and spatial econometric techniques. Moreover, the mediating effect model and dynamic threshold effect model are used to study their influence mechanism and the possible nonlinear relationship. The results indicate that there is an inverted U‐shaped relationship between economic growth targets and ecological efficiency. Optimizing industrial structure and R&D investment can improve regional ecological efficiency. The economic growth targets in neighboring regions have a "U"‐shaped relationship with local ecological efficiency. The mechanism test results suggest that economic growth targets affect ecological efficiency by influencing financial development, foreign direct investment, infrastructure investment, environmental regulation, and technological innovation. The impact of economic growth targets on ecological efficiency shows a significant threshold effect when economic growth targets, industrial structure, R&D levels, financial development, foreign direct investment, infrastructure investment, and environmental regulation are at different threshold values. Therefore, to promote regional healthy competition and ecological efficiency, the government should formulate scientific and reasonable economic growth goals and improve the official evaluation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the development of social economy and the gradual improvement and optimization of the financial and economic system, China's financial structure is constantly changing and evolving. Financial institutions are the interrelations and connections between the various parts of the economy as a whole. They represent the role and achievements of the financial economy. Research shows that the transformation and evolution of financial structure promotes economic development and management efficiency. Therefore, under the background of the continuous evolution of financial structure, this article explores the factors of the evolution of financial structure on economic growth and management efficiency. The results of the experiment are as follows: (1) this article investigates developments of the evolution of financial structure, economic development, and management efficiency, determines the research direction of the experiment, provides background support for the subject research of this paper, and explores the influencing factors according to the impact mechanism on economic development and management efficiency and (2) put the evolution background of the financial structure in the degree of economic development and management efficiency. By using the economic growth calculation algorithm and management efficiency calculation algorithm, calculate the change trend of the range of economic growth and the fluctuation of the degree of management efficiency under the background of the evolution of the financial structure. The experimental results show that under the background of the evolution of the financial structure, the total development of the national economy has been effectively broken through, and the management mode of enterprises has been improved to effectively improve the management efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether China's economy can maintain sustainable growth has been debated both in China and internationally, and the most representative critique has been summarized in the "Krugman Query". Faced with such doubts, how to achieve a "win-win" for economic growth and environmental protection has become one of the central objectives of local government work while striving for the new vision of development. Taking China's carbon trading pilot policy as an example, and based on panel data of 30 provincial administrative regions in China from 2001 to 2018, this paper uses the Data Envelopment Analysis-Malmquist index model and the Propensity Score Matching-Difference in Difference method to measure the level of green economic growth from two aspects: green development mode and economic growth effect, and further explore the impact of China's carbon trading system on green economic growth. The results show that the implementation of the carbon trading system promoted both the green development level and economic growth of pilot cities, and positively affected green total factor productivity, refuting the "Krugman Query". Finally, the study puts forward a series of recommendations in strengthening environmental regulation, improving green technology innovation, and developing low-carbon industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital rural development has become an emerging dynamic force for high-quality rural development in China. This paper constructs the "environmental-economic-social" analysis framework for digital rural development, analyzes the spatial variation of the digital rural development level (DRDL) in Chinese counties in 2020, and conducts the factor detection and interaction detection of its influencing factors. It is found that: (1) digital rural development has its own unique spatial differentiation mechanism, which can be analyzed from three dimensions: environmental system, economic system, and social system, which play a fundamental role, decisive role, and a magnifying effect on digital rural development, respectively. (2) The DRDL in China's counties has significant spatial distribution, spatial correlation, and spatial clustering characteristics. The DRDL in general shows a decreasing distribution trend from coastal to inland regions, and the overall differences in DRDL mainly come from intra-regional differences rather than inter-regional differences. The rural infrastructure digitalization dimension has stronger spatial correlation while the spatial correlation of the rural governance digitalization dimension is weaker. There are obvious hotspot and coldspot areas in the DRDL, with large differences between the coldspot and hotspot areas of different sub-dimensions. (3) The spatial divergence of the DRDL is closely related to geographical elements and is the result of the combined effect of several geographical factors. The factor detection results show that the dominant factors within the four regions are significant different. The interaction detection results show that the driving force of the two-factor interaction is stronger than that of the single-factor interaction and that the interaction among the factors further deepens the spatial differentiation of the DRDL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exports are a crucial driving force of China's economic growth; however, researchers have yet to verify whether they can effectively improve the high-quality economic development. Based on interprovincial panel data from 2000 to 2019, in this study, we constructed a high-quality economic development indicator system through the entropy weight method, and we adopted the linear regression model and dynamic panel threshold model to empirically test the export trade effect on the high-quality economic development as well as its mechanism. We also probed the impact of the heterogeneous absorptive capacity on the high-quality economic development. According to our research findings, China's export trade has substantially promoted the high-quality economic development level by, from the viewpoint of the action path, positively influencing the economic, open, and coordination subsystems. The influence of the export trade on the high-quality economic development has a substantial single-threshold effect on the heterogeneous absorptive capacity; that is, when the threshold variables that represent the regional absorptive capacity (the economic level, R&D intensity, and technological gap) are all higher than the threshold value, the export trade has a substantial positive impact on the high-quality economic development level. The research conclusions of this paper provide new ideas for the development of high-quality economic systems as well as a useful reference for China in its formulation of more targeted foreign trade policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the opening policy in 1978, China's tourism increasingly took relevance, up to become an important industry in the last two decades. Despite this, no analysis has been conducted at macroeconomic level to check both tourism industry interdependencies and wealth creation. To fill this gap, in this paper we elaborated an innovative conceptual model for the theory-based analysis of the tourism phenomenon in China, having the Keynesian macroeconomic theory as the background and using an SAM as the model accounting representation, and conducted an original, comprehensive methodological analysis of China's tourism industry. As the database, we used a purposively elaborated 2015 SAM for China with 19 industries, on whose basis we identified endogenous and exogenous accounts, set up an innovative impact multiplier model adjusted to them and conducted an economic analysis of tourism interdependencies never performed so far. Evidence shows that manufacturing, agriculture and trade industries provide a relevant support to tourism services production, and that tourism greatly contributes to value added/GDP and household income creation. Overall, tourism industry has direct policy management implications, representing a sector on which enterprises and government can profitably base their decisions, with exogenous tourism demand shocks positively activating China's economic system and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the new era, China's economic development is in the offensive period of transforming the development mode, green development is an inevitable requirement to accelerate the transformation of economic development mode and optimize the industrial structure, and we should adhere to the concept of ecological priority and green development to promote high-quality economic development. The 19th Party Congress clearly proposed to "promote green development, establish a sound economic system of green low-carbon cycle development, and build a market-oriented green technology innovation system." Green technology is the technology to save resources, reduce pollution, and achieve sustainable development. Green technology innovation continues to promote green development, which will become an important support to promote the progress of ecological civilization, adhere to pollution prevention and control, and promote high-quality development. Promoting green technology innovation, taking the road of sustainable development, enhancing the awareness of environmental protection, and promoting high-quality economic development are also inevitable choices to promote the conversion of economic development mode. Carrying out research on the impact of green technological innovation on regional economic growth is of great significance to alleviate the shortage of innovation resources in China, guide enterprises to change to a green way of development, and promote the sustainable development of China's economy and population, resources, and environment. This paper provides publicly available data from 2015-2021, takes fixed asset investment as the variable, introduces control variables, and analyzes the relationship between technological innovation and economic growth using fixed-effects model and intermediate-effects model. The results show that innovation contributes significantly to regional economic growth and is influenced by the mediating role of fixed asset investment. In order to boost China's economic growth, specific policy recommendations are proposed in terms of optimizing the regional innovation layout, improving the intellectual property rights system, cultivating high-quality talents, optimizing the structure of fixed assets, and attracting the inflow of foreign capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation: The coronacrisis has highlighted the fragility of the highly interdependent world economic order. The economic recession following numerous lockdowns weakened the position of the West in the geopolitical arena. Thus economic recovery is a must, though its significance for the US and the EU differs considerably. Aim: The paper aims to discuss the state and prospects of transatlantic relations in the era of new challenges posed in front of the US and the EU. We have selected two main issues: the incremental rivalry between the US and China, and the solidarity principle within the EU. The departure point for the analysis is the assumption that the tightening of economic cooperation between the US and the EU seems desired, but it might also lead to socioeconomic consequences questioning European solidarity in the long term. We employ the perspective of institutionalist political economy to understand the interplay between actors and the rules they create. We assume thus that actors pursue their goals, but must take various limitations into account. We also refer to the literature on economic policymaking and economic systems. Results: Under possible regionalization of the world economy after the COVID-19 pandemic, transatlantic relations will be under pressure to generate growth. As far as the US is willing to embrace this imperative, the EU might face the dilemma between struggling for better economic performance and rebuilding solidarity between member countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese government adheres to the innovation driven strategy and emphasizes that technological innovation is the strategic support for improving social productivity and comprehensive national strength. This paper discusses the mechanism of technological innovation and regional economic co-evolution, and constructs an index system to assess them based on the principles of synergy and systematics. The authors use a dynamic coupling model to study the law of the cooperative evolution of composite systems and geo-detector methods to reveal the main factors controlling the degree of coordination among them. The results show that the total factor productivity of China's high-tech industry showed a "W"-type trend of change from 2006 to 2016, and the other indices exhibited a volatile trend. The total factor productivity, technical efficiency, scale efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and technological progress increased by 37%, 13.3%, 3.9%, 9%, and 20.8%, respectively. There was a significant spatial difference in changes in total factor productivity, forming a core-edge spatial pattern with the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River as the center of concentration. Most of China's technological innovation and regional economic complex systems were in a state of interactive development from 2007 to 2016, except in the three northeastern provinces of Zhejiang, Shanghai, and the western part of the country. The degree of coupling of the other provinces showed an increasing trend, and the overall degree of coupling exhibited the spatial pattern of Central > Eastern > Western > Northeastern. The three most influential factors for the degree of coupling of China's provincial complex system were the gross domestic product, efficiency of technological innovation, and expenditure on research and development, whereas the three most important factors affecting the degree of coupling of complex systems were the efficiency of technological innovation, gross domestic product, and number of high-tech enterprises as well as research and development personnel, respectively, in the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions. Finally, the paper puts forward the suggestions of regional innovation driven coordinated development, technology innovation and regional economic coordinated development, in order to provide reference for the high-quality economic development of developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high-quality development of regional economic system is inseparable from the collective efforts of multiple economic sectors. Increasing attention has been paid to the environmental performance evaluation of different administrative levels or economic sectors, but integrated research is scarce. Taking the three industries (the primary, secondary and tertiary industries) into account, this paper proposes a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model with parallel network structure to assess the environmental performance of 30 provinces in China from integrative perspective of efficiency and productivity. Then, the Tobit model is adopted to investigate the effects of external factors on the environmental performance. The results show that environmental efficiency of Chinese economy is only 0.4436 during 2010-2019 and the performance of the secondary industry is the highest, followed by the tertiary and the primary industries. Moreover, the environmental efficiency of eastern region is far higher than that of the central or western regions. Technological progress is the main driver of environmental productivity improvement for China's economic system. Most of the external factors such as energy structure and technology innovation, have different effects on the environmental performance of different regions. Finally, several targeted policy implications are suggested for improving the environmental performance of China's economic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vulnerability assessment indicator system (VAIS), including the tourism economic sensitivity and respondence, is modified and established in this paper. According to the collected data, during 2014–2018 of the 31 provinces of China, of the tourism economy sensitivity and respondence, the improved comprehensive evaluation projection pursuit clustering (PPC) model is established, and the vulnerability indexes of the 31 provinces are calculated, thus expanding the tourism economic vulnerability assessment methods. Our empirical results show that, during the period of 2014 to 2018, the sensitivity, the respondence, and the vulnerability indexes are unbalanced overall. The tourism economy sensitivity and the respondence show that the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics are high in the east and low in the west. On the contrary, as for the vulnerability, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics are low in the east and high in the west. Among the 40 indicators, the ratio of industrial solid waste utilized (%), urbanization rate, and the density of grade highway and railway network (km/km2) have the greatest impact on the respondence, while the proportion of the population affected by natural disasters, the diversification index of industrial structure, and the number of traffic accident casualties have the most significant impact on the sensitivity, which are the indicators that have the greatest impact on vulnerability. Therefore, in order to effectively reduce sensitivity, improve respondence, and thus reduce the vulnerability index of the tourism economy, the provinces should first improve the above-mentioned evaluation indicators with the largest weights. Our research results in this paper enrich the theory of sustainable development of the tourism industry and derive managerial and policy insights for further achieving the high-quality development of the tourism economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation is the primary driving force of development and the strategic support for building a modern economic system. For enterprises, continuous innovation capabilities can effectively deal with uncertainties in the business environment and can enhance business competitiveness. Macropolicies can stimulate economic development and can try to promote enterprise innovation, but there is still widespread debate in academia about whether these policies successfully promote or, in fact, inhibit innovation. Looking at the provincial panel data from China between 2009 and 2018, the authors of this paper explored the complex nonlinear mechanism of government R&D investment in driving regional innovation capabilities from the perspective of knowledge accumulation. The empirical results show that, when the level of knowledge accumulation is used as the threshold variable, there is an obvious threshold effect between government R&D input and regional innovation capabilities. As the level of knowledge accumulation crosses the threshold, the influence of government R&D investment on regional innovation capabilities undergoes a structural mutation, shifting from an insignificant inhibitory effect to a significant promotional effect. The above conclusion has strong robustness. This article provides useful policy enlightenment for China to promote the development of scientific and technological civilization and the construction of an innovative country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Total factor productivity is not only the core of high-quality economic development but also a core indicator for measuring the quality of economic development. Improving total factor productivity is one of the most critical points in building a modern economic system. Firstly, this paper uses the DEA-Malmquist index method to measure and decompose the total factor productivity of China's 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions from 2001 to 2017 and analyzes the characteristics of its temporal and spatial changes. From a spatial perspective, the regional gap is relatively large. Secondly, we construct the index system of five dimensions and use this index system to comprehensively evaluate the improvement degree of China's modernized economic system. The results show that the overall level of the improvement degree of China's modernized economic system is relatively low, and the differences between provinces are great. Thirdly, this paper uses static and dynamic spatial econometric models to empirically analyze the effect of total factor productivity on the improvement degree of the modern economic system. The results show that the improvement degree of the modern economic system in China has obvious characteristics of time spillover and space spillover. Finally, we put forward countermeasures and suggestions on how to perfect the modern economic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The traditional view is that due to the natural monopoly and external publicity of the railway transportation, the economic regulation should have been implemented. However, due to the inaccurate grasp of the technical and economic characteristics of various components in the system and the current social and economic situation in China, the economic regulation has been implemented for a long time. Based on a detailed analysis of the characteristics of the railway transportation infrastructure and the market characteristics of the road transportation products, combined with China's actual national conditions, the economic regulation schemes for each market segment have been proposed from the aspects of the entry regulation and price regulation, in order to promote the railway transportation in China. This paper proposes the improvement of the economic management system based on the publicity of the railway transportation products. Overall, the development of the country is inseparable from the road transportation. The railway transportation is the lifeblood of the country's economic development, closely related to the country's economic development, along with science and technology. With progress, the road transport has gradually covered all areas, and the coverage is very wide. In other words, only when the railway transportation has achieved good development, the country's economy can develop better and develop smoothly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of the stock market is usually regarded as the barometer of economic growth and stock return and economic growth are, therefore, believed to co-move. However, the co-movement may exhibit different characteristics in various economic systems. This paper studies the co-movement of stock return and economic growth in two representative countries, the U.S. and China, with entirely different economic systems. The degree of co-movement is measured by the correlation of stock index return and G.D.P. growth rate and a time-varying copula model is applied to capture the dynamic characteristics of the co-movement. Empirical results show that the co-movement of stock return and economic growth is relatively strong but fluctuant in the U.S. and is relatively weak but stable in China. The differences in the co-movement can be interpreted by different economic growth modes in the U.S. and China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a close correlation between regional economy, tourism, and exhibition industry. By constructing a system of evaluation indicators for the regional economy, tourism industry, and exhibition industry, the coupled coordination degree model was used to calculate the degree of synergy of the regional economy, tourism industry, and exhibition industry in China from 2013 to 2019. In addition, the influencing factors of the degree of synergy were analyzed by gray correlation analysis. As shown by the results, the comprehensive development scores of regional economy, tourism industry, and exhibition industry show an overall growth trend, while the development level index presents a spatial distribution pattern of decreasing gradient from coastal area to inland in space. Apart from that, the integration and development of regional economy, tourism industry, and exhibition industry show a continuous coordinated and benign development. On a national scale, the degree of integration of the regional economy-tourism industry-exhibition industry in China has gradually developed and improved from bare coordination to good coordination. Besides, the degree of coupling and coordination of regional economy-tourism-exhibition industry varies greatly among provinces. Moreover, all the indexes have a strong impact on the coupling and coordination degree of the regional economy-tourism industry-exhibition industry. Compared with the exhibition industry system, the economic system and tourism system have a stronger impact on the coupling and coordination degree of the regional economy-tourism industry-exhibition industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of medical detection, storage, and other technologies makes China's medical and health field accumulate massive data. Big data analysis technology can mine and analyze these data and establish medical information systems to enhance hospital treatment and service levels. Therefore, this work studies the construction and application of medical economic information systems. Specifically, neural networks, as a means to handle a large number of medical economic data, and has received great attention. This work uses BP neural network to extract the medical economic information feature, which is a big data technology and can extract deep features of data, after that, we compare and analyze the characteristic of different medical data. Finally, we establish the medical economic information system for the follow-up medical diagnostic services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building an innovative country is a core element of the modernized economic system in China, which will provide a new opportunity for the deepening of relations between China and the world's innovative countries. The relation between China and European countries has been recently intensified and the cooperation in the field of scientific and technological innovation tends to be diversified, innovative and forward-looking. This paper analyzes the new trends and developments from three different perspectives: first, ST and innovation cooperation between China and the EU under the Horizon 2020. The second, the Sino-British science and technology cooperation and the related innovative partnership, and, third, the innovative strategic partnership between China and Switzerland. These three cooperation models present a new direction of science and technology innovation development between China and European countries. They may lay basis for upgrading the "China- EU comprehensive strategic partnership" into the "China-EU innovative comprehensively strategy partnership" in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We reconstructed a complex wetland with nature-based solutions. • This eco-economic system was driven by renewable emergy flows and high exergy. • The mulberry-related industry provided good economic benefits. • The stable equilibria of the eco-economic coupling mode represented a state of synergistic symbiosis. Nature-based solutions (NBS) are effective approaches for solving ecological and economic problems related to wetland reconstruction, while emergy and exergy are well suited for evaluating reconstructed eco-economic systems. In this paper, we executed a wetland reconstruction project involving a mulberry-fir woodland and dike-pond complex (MFWDPC) with NBS in the water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), China. We evaluated the coupling mode of this eco-economic system by using emergy and exergy theories. After wetland reconstruction, the emergy density that entered the MFWDPC was 1.48E + 18 sej yr−1 hm−2, in which the naturally renewable flow accounted for 96.31 % of the emergy inflows, and the emergy sustainability index (ESI) for the eco-economic system was 708.88. The exergy and specific exergy were 2.41E + 14 j yr−1 and 2.08E + 08 j yr−1 kg−1, respectively, and the emergy/exergy ratio was 1.55E + 03 for the MFWDPC. In addition, mulberry trees with strong flooding tolerance provided good economic benefits due to the use of these plants in reconstructed eco-economic systems. Our study of NBS for wetland reconstruction helps in understanding the synergistic symbiosis between ecosystems and economic systems, thereby promoting the reconstruction of degraded wetlands in China and other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A composite index named GLCDES is developed to dynamically assess the level of Green Low-carbon Circular Development. • The combined-assignment VIKOR model based on game theory is developed to thoroughly estimate the construction level of GLCDES. • Southwest China's Green Low-carbon Circular Development Economic System construction level is examined from 2012 to 2021, showing how the long-side principle governs each region's value. • Selecting and strengthening the long side in combination with its reality is an effective way to improve the construction level of GLCDES. Emission peak and carbon neutrality are critical components of China's overall ecological civilization, and the establishment of a sound Green Low-carbon Circular Development Economic System (GLCDES) is a fundamental countermeasure for solving China's resource, environmental, and ecological problems. This paper used the new development concept as entry points to establish a comprehensive evaluation index system encompassing six subsystems: development dynamics, production and living systems, green benefits, low-carbon benefits, circularity benefits and socio-economic benefits. The combined-assignment VIKOR model, based on game theory, was used to thoroughly estimate the construction level of GLCDES by combining panel data from four southwestern provinces, including Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan, from 2012 to 2021. The study discovered that: the construction level of GLCDES in all four southwestern provinces increased over the past ten years, but the increase was not significant, the four development effectiveness indices, including green, low-carbon, circularity and socio-economic, were significantly improved, the development dynamics index was not significantly enhanced, and the index of production and living systems declined in fluctuation from year to year. The construction level of GLCDES between regions was very uneven and can be divided into two echelons, with the gap between Chongqing and Guizhou being particularly obvious. Regions can be categorized into three major categories based on the number of dominant subsystems. According to the above results, the total value of the dynamic comprehensive evaluation of each region is governed by the principle of the long side, which is an effective way to improve the construction level of GLCDES by selecting and strengthening the long side in combination with its reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, water governance focuses on water only. The emergence of virtual water breaks this limitation and integrates economic and social systems with the water resource system. This paper establishes an interprovincial complex network of virtual water flows in China, based on the theory on complex network, which has rarely been adopted to study the virtual water transfer network. Then, the authors analyzed the pattern and evolutionary features of China's interprovincial virtual water flow network. In this way, the complex network theory was successfully applied to explore the virtual water flows across provinces in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the change of social economic system and the rapid growth of agricultural economy in China, the amount of agricultural energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions has increased dramatically. Based on the estimation of agricultural carbon dioxide emissions from 1991 to 2018 in China, this paper uses EKC model to analyze economic growth and agricultural carbon dioxide emissions. The Kaya method is used to decompose the factors affecting agricultural carbon dioxide emissions. The experimental results show that there is a co-integration relationship between economic growth and the total intensity of agricultural carbon emissions, and between economic growth and the intensity of carbon emissions caused by five types of carbon sources: fertilizer, pesticide, agricultural film, agricultural diesel oil and tillage. Economic growth is the main driving factor of agricultural carbon dioxide emissions. In addition, technological progress has a strong role in promoting carbon emission reduction, but it has a certain randomness. However, the impact of energy consumption structure and population size on carbon emissions is not obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the implications of issuing sterilisation bonds in emerging Asia. It states that increased issuance of longer-term bills has resulted in the increased monetary control in China. It also mentions that sterlisation bonds can increase the stability of economic systems of the region and it can also strengthen the bond market.

The contemporary economic landscape has placed significant emphasis on the digital economy and economic resilience, progressively emerging as pivotal focal points for examining the high-quality development of economic systems. However, there remains to be more research on several critical topics. This includes the characteristics of coordinated development between the digital economy and economic resilience systems and their interdependence. In response, this study formulates a comprehensive evaluative framework for digital economy development and regional economic resilience, grounded in the intrinsic mechanisms of both domains. It conducts a thorough evaluation employing entropy weight-TOPSIS methodology. Additionally, leveraging coupling theory, a coordination model's coupling degree serves as the foundational framework for scrutinizing the symbiotic advancement of the digital economy and economic resilience, along with their interdependent nature. The research sample comprises data from 31 provinces and municipalities in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) from 2011 to 2020. Spatial autocorrelation and Geodetector methodologies probe the evolutionary traits and driving factors underlying the coordinated developmental relationship between these two systems. The findings indicate an upward trajectory in China's annual comprehensive development index for digital economy development (from 0.233 to 0.458) and regional economic resilience (from 0.393 to 0.497). The coupling and coordination between the two systems, measured from 0.504 in 2011 to 0.658 in 2020, demonstrate a consistent growth pattern with an average annual increase of 3.01%. These levels exhibit continuous improvement, with comprehensive economic zones manifesting hierarchical results within the coupling range of [0.5, 0.8]. Notably, agglomeration development evinces a pronounced spatial positive correlation, while local Moran scattering points are primarily concentrated in localized migration leaps. Factors such as foreign-funded enterprises' total import and export volume, online payment capability, and fiber-optic cable length greatly influence the coupling relationship. In contrast, other variables exhibit a lower and more fluctuating degree of weighted impact. This study establishes a foundation for the synergistic and effective development of the digital economy and economic resilience within the Chinese region. Simultaneously, it offers valuable insights for research of related subjects in global contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, the new energy industry represented by photovoltaics has become the main force to realize the optimization of China's energy structure and the goal of "double carbon"; with the absence of land resources, the waterborne bifacial photovoltaic has ushered in a new opportunity. Therefore, in order to address the problem that the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of photovoltaics (PV) could not take into account, the dynamic economic performance in the control process, an economic model predictive control (EMPC), is proposed in this work to realize the MPPT of the waterborne bifacial PV power generation system. Firstly, the model of the bifacial PV module is constructed by combining the ray-tracing irradiance model and considering the effect of water surface albedo on the irradiance absorbed by the module. Secondly, the EMPC controller is designed based on the state-space model of the system to maximize the power generation as the economic performance index, and to solve the optimal input variables time by time to achieve a rolling optimization with the operational requirements of the system itself as the constraints. Thirdly, the MATLAB/Simulink (R2022a) simulation experimental results verify that the EMPC strategy could be utilized to achieve MPPT of the waterborne bifacial PV power generation system, according to the changes of environment. Finally, it is also demonstrated that the bifacial PV power generation system that employed the EMPC strategy outperformed the traditional MPPT algorithm, with respect to both output power tracking velocity and accuracy, and the power generation could be improved by about 6% to 14.5%, which significantly enhances the system's dynamic process economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luo, W.; Yang, X.-Z.; Dong, H.; Huang, Z.-H.; Dou, H.-H.; Zhang, X.-H., and Li, M.-L., 2020. Multidimensional research on synergic evolution of China's marine economic system oriented by high-quality development. In: Al-Tarawneh, O. and Megahed, A. (eds.), Recent Developments of Port, Marine, and Ocean Engineering. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 110, pp. 282–286. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. This paper constructs the multi-dimensional model on synergic evolution of China's marine economic system oriented by high-quality development. Through the steps of order parameters selection, order degree of subsystems, and synergy degree of system, the results show: (1) From the dimension of industry, the order degree of marine primary and secondary industry shows "wave" growth, the marine tertiary industry shows "linear" growth, three subsystems are in "non-synergy" state, the primary industry has serious obstacles for development. (2) From the dimension of region, the order degree of three marine economic circles from high to low is "North, East, and South", the southern one has late-developing advantage, three subsystems are in "non-synergy" state, the synergy between adjacent regions is greater than non-adjacent ones. (3) From the dimension of element, the order degree of three subsystems continues to rise and presents similar trajectory, while three subsystems are in "non-synergy" state with continuous downward trend. Furthermore, the policy implications are proposed from muti-dimension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jin, Y.-M. and Shi, X., 2020. A study on the innovation of marine economic management system. In: Qiu, Y.; Zhu, H., and Fang, X. (eds.), Current Advancements in Marine and Coastal Research for Technological and Sociological Applications. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 107, pp. 37-40. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. With the rapid development of marine industry, marine economy has become one of the main economic pillars of our country, which requires us to continuously develop and utilize marine resources. Through the marine economy, we can enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of the country, which will highlight the basic role of the marine management system in the sustainable development of the ocean. However, with the over exploitation of human beings, there are many problems in the marine economic system, such as unclear system, overlapping functions, inconsistent law enforcement, etc., which need our government to innovate the management system. Through the establishment of a systematic marine management mechanism, we will implement the unified marine comprehensive law enforcement achievements, which will comprehensively establish a marine comprehensive management system suitable for China's national conditions. First of all, this paper analyzes the necessity of innovation of marine economic management system. Then, this paper puts forward the management system gap between China and the maritime power. Finally, some suggestions are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li, X. and Liu, Y., 2019. Dynamic mechanism of innovation investment in China's marine economic system. In: Li, L.; Wan, X., and Huang, X. (eds.), Recent Developments in Practices and Research on Coastal Regions: Transportation, Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 98, pp. 38–41. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. On the basis of A-share data of marine listed companies in the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets of China from 2014 to 2017, this paper aims to explore the dynamic mechanism of innovation investment in China's marine economic system. The study finds that the managerial power and the quality of internal control information disclosure both have a positive effect on innovation investment in the marine economic system; the latter plays a partial intermediary role, whereas the former affects innovation investment. Additionally, the innovation investment of marine companies is also found to be affected by factors such as enterprise size, growth, financial leverage, return on assets, and Tobin's Q. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improvements in energy-saving and low-carbon technologies in the economic system are foundations of sustainable economic development. Therefore, measuring the bias of technical change from the perspective of energy-saving and low-carbon is a prerequisite for clarifying whether economic growth is manifested as low-carbon and sustainable. In this paper, the production function from the perspective of energy-saving and low-carbon in China is constructed, and ridge regression is used to estimate it to measure energy and carbon bias in China's technical change. The results indicate that technical change is biased towards energy use and carbon emissions relative to capital and labor, but this bias is weakening. In general, China's economic system has always biased towards carbon emissions, and its carbon-biased technical change has the largest share in directed technical change. However, it is gradually shrinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, rapid industrialization has driven higher energy demand, depleting fossil-fuel reserves and causing excessive emissions. China's "dual carbon" strategy aims to balance development and sustainability. This study optimizes microgrid efficiency with a tiered carbon-priced economy. A Stackelberg game establishes microgrid-user equilibrium, solved iteratively with a multi-population algorithm (MPGA). Comparative analysis can be obtained without considering demand response scenarios, and the optimization cost of microgrid operation considering price-based demand response scenarios was reduced by 5%; that is 668.95 yuan. In addition, the cost of electricity purchase was decreased by 23.8%, or 778.6 yuan. The model promotes user-driven energy use, elevating economic and system benefits, and therefore, the scheduling expectation of "peak shaving and valley filling" is effectively realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid urban expansion and economic development has led to severe demands of energy and water resources, which poses serious challenges to sustainability and environment. Previous studies have taken more consideration of one resource flow ignoring the interconnectedness between energy and water. In this paper, an urban energy-water nexus framework is constructed considering both domestic and international trade, based on the environmentally extended multi-scale input-output (EE-MSIO) model. This method allows us to trace energy and water flows in a multi-scale economic system from production and consumption perspectives. In basis of that, the nexus strengthen indicator is constructed to evaluate the energy-water nexus of the trading regions with Shanghai city in the domestic and international trade to present the integrated environmental pressure externalized in Shanghai's rapid economic development. Findings indicate that Shanghai is a net importer of energy and water flow. This result is compatible with the fact that Shanghai is a consumer city. Additionally, the seven domestic regions in China are net exporters toward Shanghai, supporting around 55.10% of energy and 70.56% of water import flows driven by city's final demand. Shanghai largely imports flows of energy and water from Mainland China and developing regions across the globe, whereas export little to developed nations. Nexus results indicate that from consumption perspective, Hebei and Shandong are of the highest nexus strength embodied in domestic trade with Shanghai, with nearly equal contribution for both energy and water. While USA is the largest energy-water nexus node embodied in international trade with Shanghai, around 60% energy and 40% water contributed to the nexus. During these tradeoffs, Shanghai is the major beneficiary, being able to externalize environmental pressures by consumption of domestic and international exported goods and services. The study outcomes suggest that a higher coordination, together with a rearrangement of the regional trade structure, should be the key leverages for an effective management of resources and environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to develop an integrated analytical framework for revolution, reform, and involution under dictatorship based on China's history. In order to grasp the essence of political and economic interactions in historic China, this paper gets some abstract variables from China's history, on the basis of which a political economy model is built. The autocrat plays an important role in determining authority form and development pattern, which endogenously brings about different outcomes of revolution, reform, and involution. When the economic system is closed, path-dependence plays an important role, however, when the system is open, we should not attach much importance to path-dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sustainable financial and economic system is the need of the hour, especially in the context of a deteriorating environment. Environment quality is very important for healthy labour life, contributing to economic growth more effectively. China is one of the largest economies in the world, which is the residency of 18.47% of total humans on planet earth. Keeping environment is a major policy concern; this study investigates the relationship between environmental quality and economic growth in the presence of human capita and renewable energy use. The study uses the data for the time period of 1995–2017. While conducting nonparametric tests, the study applied QMMR regression approach to hand the issues of cross-sectional heterogeneities and endogeneity simultaneously. The study found that GDP is positively associated with carbon emissions throughout all the quantiles. Foreign trade is showing mixed results, most probably due to changes in trade patterns, and a hidden heterogeneity across provinces in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like many developed countries in the world, China currently faces many serious demographic challenges that pose a potential risk to the country's socio-economic development and stability. The current demographic development and trend is characterized by a change in the reproductive behavior of the population, characterized by a decline in birth rates, a change in family behavior, and a shift in the value system. This paper is aimed at identifying the impact of population policy and the degree of its influence on both the economic and social system of the country. Based on a deterministic approach, the findings reveal and demonstrate the serious demographic challenges facing China, and we are noting that there is no guarantee that parametric adjustments, such as shifting the retirement age, will de facto ensure the financial health of the pension system by preventing bankruptcy. We point out the risks and prospects for the sustainability of China's socio-economic development based on an analysis of past and current Chinese demographic policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Production efficiency is a critical research topic in the field of construction economics and management. It reflects the developmental potential and competitiveness of the economy or an economic system. An objective and reasonable assessment framework of the production efficiency in the construction industry is essential to promote the industry's high-quality development. This study aims to propose a scientific and holistic framework to examine the production efficiency in the construction industry and to investigate evolution patterns from a macroeconomic perspective. Input and output indicators were identified through the value-added and the fuzzy Delphi methods. In addition, the production efficiency in the construction industry was examined via the bootstrap-DEA and Malmquist exponential decomposition models. A case study in China was conducted at the end of this research. The panel data of 31 provinces from 2010 to 2020 were applied in the case study. The results reveal the following: (1) The bootstrap-DEA model results show that the trends of production efficiency before and after rectification are similar, but the difference is largest at the peak. Moreover, the production efficiency value after correction is evidently lower than that which is obtained by the traditional DEA model. (2) The Malmquist index decomposition results show that the change trend of technical efficiency in the construction industry is contrary to that of the scale efficiency. In addition, the improvement of scale efficiency cannot bring a melioration of management efficiency or the accumulation of production experience. (3) There is no direct correlation between production efficiency and economic development. High-value areas and median areas are contiguous, and they are mainly distributed in the central and eastern provinces. The findings accurately reflect construction industry productivity, providing practical data for developing policy recommendations for bridging regional construction development gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the perspective of generalized technological progress, this study investigates the energy rebound effects on China's domestic overall and the country's various industries using 2005–2017 data. The results showed that the rebound effect of the domestic overall is driven mainly by the secondary sector. The domestic overall and high-energy-consuming industries decrease the rebound effects, whereas low-energy-consuming industries increase the rebound effects. As China's industrial structure does not lean toward high-energy-consuming industries, this implies that the Industrial Restructuring Initiative that began in the Chinese government's "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" has effectively slowed down the rebound effects of high-energy-consuming industries, and the feedback effect of self-reinforcement within the economic system was offset. The results also implied that energy efficiency policies should shift to low-energy-consuming industries; the rebound effects of the energy industries could be lessened, the energy efficiency of low-energy-consuming industries could be increased, and the industrial structure could be further optimized by implementing an appropriate pricing in electricity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agricultural sector is extremely vulnerable to climate change and also plays a very important role in the operation of the entire economic system, leading many studies to evaluate the possible agricultural direct economic damage (ADED) of climate change. However, this damage may have an amplification impact through the intricate industrial linkages that exist among sectors, and this impact may be even greater than the original damage. Therefore, to elucidate the economic cascading effect (ECE) in China caused by ADED and industrial linkage, this paper used the ARIO model to evaluate the total ECE and analyse the differences in the 19 sectors by taking the ADED under future annual mean temperature (AMT) increases of 1–5 °C as the input condition and adjusting the exogenous parameters to enhance the adaptability of the model; the goal was to assess the economic impact of climate change in China. The results show that (i) there is a significant amplifying impact of ECE due to industrial linkage under the influence of warming, ECE will be 4.24–5.25 times that of ADED, and the total economic impact (ADED + ECE) will exceed the GDP of the Chinese capital of Beijing in 2012 when the AMT increases by 1.5 °C, while it will exceed one tenth of China's GDP when it increases by 4 °C. (ii) Manufacturing will be the sector most affected by the industrial linkage under ADED, which accounts for 26.58% of total ECE, followed by agriculture (10.39%) and construction (8.5%). (iii) The decrease in cultivated land area will have a significant impact on the economy; when it is reduced to the minimum demand (1.41% less than 2012), ADED increases by 1.65 times and ECE increases by 2.35 times. This paper aims to provide a new perspective from which to evaluate the economic impact of climate change by studying ECEs behind sectoral interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]