Search

How to assess the issue of indigenous land rights in the face of manmade climate change and Amazon fires? How to classify the EU free trade agreement „Mercosur“ and relevant climate, environmental and indigenous rights? What are legal opportunities for indigenous people(s) on the international, inter-American and EU level, to prevent the loss of land and forests, and to protect themselves from climate change? On the basis of indigenous land and environmental rights in Brazil and reactions to the Amazon fires, environmental regulations of the "Mercosur Pact" as well as concerned human and indigenous rights are discussed. Further, this article deals with relevant inter-American law (individual indigenous land rights) and international law (collective land rights). Environmental and climate law provide legal and political options for indigenous people(s), for instance in Brasil. Negative impacts of climate actions on indigenous peoples, the competition between environmental protection areas and indigenous territories, the inclusion of indigenous knowledge in sustainable environmental protection and the allocation of Global Public Goods are discussed. There are various interactions between climate and biodiversity protection, human rights, indigenous peoples rights, and free trade between the EU and South America. While protecting forests as a carbon sink, negative environmental or social consequences must be avoided. Like trade agreements, environmental standards for the protection of the Brazilian Amazon rain forest should be enforceable. To reduce deforestation and to confine the effects of climate change, indigenous peoples rights have to be strengthened. The free, prior, and informed consent of indigenous peoples to projects that may affect their territories is essential. It requires effective, coordinated solutions to protect human rights and indigenous land rights, and it needs a sustainable preservation of climate and forests - nationally and internationally. A collapse of the Amazon forest ecosystem would have global climate effects. In Brazil, alternatives to deforestation and destruction are: strengthening the rule of law and agro-ecology, and to defend indigenous territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores land and self-determination rights of the Sami people in Norway, Sweden and Finland in light of Anaya's UN Report, because this report offers a guideline to advance the difficult legal and political debate on land and self-determination rights in the Nordic states. The article will discuss these developments concerning the legal position of the Sami People(s) according to national and international law. Special focus is given to how national law and public administrations are able to sustain a balance between Sami land and selfdetermination rights and the interests of the majority population. A Sami Convention, as proposed by the Nordic states, could be a model for other countries with indigenous peoples living across borders. Therefore, the essay will also examine the rationale underlying land and self-determination rights in the Draft Sami Convention. With a view to using international instruments like the ILO Convention No. 169 as a basis for a Sami Convention, the focus is on how far land and self-determination rights of the Sami Convention secure the Sami an equivalent position against state institutions and non-Sami people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]