53,934 results
Search Results
102. Position paper supports inclusion of race and ethnicity in FRAX(R) models.
- Abstract
A position paper published by the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) Working Group on Epidemiology and Quality of Life addresses the debate surrounding the inclusion of race and ethnicity adjustments in clinical algorithms. The paper argues that a single race-agnostic FRAX model for the US would unfairly discriminate against Black, Asian, and Hispanic communities and recommends the retention of ethnic and race-specific FRAX models for the US. The IOF Board and the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) endorse this view. The paper emphasizes the importance of accurate risk assessment to ensure the best care for all patients. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
103. Increasing The Shelflife Of Review Papers
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Chang, Yue-Fang, Portuese, Enrico I., and Laporte, Ronald E.
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- 1996
104. Delivery Of Office Paper
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Epidemiology ,Business, international - Abstract
Tenders are invited for delivery of office paper Major organization : FEDERAL BUDGETARY INSTITUTION OF HEALTH 'CENTER FOR HYGIENE AND EPIDEMIOLOGY IN THE KRASNOYARSK TERRITORY' Address : 660100, Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk, [...]
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- 2023
105. Harms in Systematic Reviews Paper 1: An introduction to research on harms
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Tianjing Li, Riaz Qureshi, and Evan Mayo-Wilson
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Research Report ,Epidemiology ,Applied psychology ,Psychological intervention ,Research Personnel ,Terminology ,law.invention ,Clinical trial ,Identification (information) ,Systematic review ,Harm ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Meta-analysis ,Humans ,Psychology ,Systematic Reviews as Topic - Abstract
Objective : Most systematic reviews of interventions focus on potential benefits. Common methods and assumptions that are appropriate for assessing benefits can be inappropriate for harms. This paper provides a primer on researching harms, particularly in systematic reviews. Study Design and Setting : Commentary describing challenges with assessing harm. Results : Investigators should be familiar with various terminologies used to describe, classify, and group harms. Published reports of clinical trials include limited information about harms, so systematic reviewers should not depend on these studies and journal articles to reach conclusions about harms. Visualizations might improve communication of multiple dimensions of harms such as severity, relatedness, and timing. Conclusion : The terminology, classification, detection, collection, and reporting of harms create unique challenges that take time, expertise, and resources to navigate in both primary studies and evidence syntheses. Systematic reviewers might reach incorrect conclusions if they focus on evidence about harms found in published reports of randomized trials of a particular health problem. Systematic reviews could be improved through better identification and reporting of harms in primary studies and through better training and uptake of appropriate methods for synthesizing evidence about harms.
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- 2022
106. Controversy and Debate: Questionable utility of the relative risk in clinical research: Paper 2: Is the Odds Ratio 'portable' in meta-analysis? Time to consider bivariate generalized linear mixed model
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Mengli Xiao, Richard F. MacLehose, Yong Chen, David B. Richardson, Stephen R. Cole, and Haitao Chu
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Systematic review ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Relative risk ,Meta-analysis ,Clinical study design ,Statistics ,Medicine ,Odds ratio ,Bivariate analysis ,business ,Generalized linear mixed model ,Rank correlation - Abstract
Objectives A recent paper by Doi et al. advocated completely replacing the relative risk (RR) with the odds ratio (OR) as the effect measure in clinical trials and meta-analyses with binary outcomes. Besides some practical advantages of RR over OR, Doi et al.’s key assumption that the OR is “portable” in the meta-analysis, that is, study-specific ORs are likely not correlated with baseline risks, was not well justified. Study designs and settings We summarized Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between study-specific ORs and baseline risks in 40,243 meta-analyses from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Results Study-specific ORs tend to be higher in studies with lower baseline risks of disease for most meta-analyses in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Using an actual meta-analysis example, we demonstrate that there is a strong negative correlation between OR (RR or RD) with the baseline risk and the conditional effects notably vary with baseline risks. Conclusions Replacing RR or RD with OR is currently unadvisable in clinical trials and meta-analyses. It is possible that no effect measure is “portable” in a meta-analysis. In addition to the overall (or marginal) effect, we suggest presenting the conditional effect based on the baseline risk using a bivariate generalized linear mixed model.
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- 2022
107. Reporting transparency and completeness in trials: Paper 4 - Reporting of randomised controlled trials conducted using routinely collected electronic records - room for improvement
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Merrick Zwarenstein, Margaret Sampson, Lars G. Hemkens, Chris Gale, Stephen J. McCall, Clare Relton, Mahrukh Imran, Ole Fröbert, Sinead Langan, Linda Kwakkenbos, David Moher, Kimberly A. Mc Cord, Brett D. Thombs, Edmund Juszczak, Sena Jawad, Group, CONSORT Extension for Trials Conducted Using Cohorts and RoutinelyCollected Data, and Canadian Institutes of Health Research
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Epidemiology ,MEDLINE ,Health records ,law.invention ,Healthcare improvement science Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 18] ,Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment ,CONSORT Extension for Trials Conducted Using Cohorts and RoutinelyCollected Data Group ,Electronic records ,Randomized controlled trial ,Extension ,law ,medicine ,Electronic Health Records ,Humans ,01 Mathematical Sciences ,11 Medical and Health Sciences ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Data ,business.industry ,Collected ,Transparency (behavior) ,humanities ,Routinely ,Health ,Research Design ,Family medicine ,CONSORT-ROUTINE ,Electronics ,business - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 237219.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Objective: To describe characteristics of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) conducted using electronic health records (EHRs), including completeness and transparency of reporting assessed against the 2021 CONSORT Extension for RCTs Conducted Using Cohorts and Routinely Collected Data (CONSORT-ROUTINE) criteria. Study design: MEDLINE and Cochrane Methodology Register were searched for a sample of RCTs published from 2011–2018. Completeness of reporting was assessed in a random sample using a pre-defined coding form. Results 183 RCT publications were identified; 122 (67%) used EHRs to identify eligible participants, 139 (76%) used the EHR as part of the intervention and 137 (75%) to ascertain outcomes. When 60 publications were evaluated against the CONSORT 2010 item and the corresponding extension for the 8 modified items, four items were 'adequately reported' for the majority of trials. Five new reporting items were identified for the CONSORT-ROUTINE extension; when evaluated, one was 'adequately reported', three were reported 'inadequately or not at all', the other 'partially'. There were, however, some encouraging signs with adequate and partial reporting of many important items, including descriptions of trial design, the consent process, outcome ascertainment and interpretation. Conclusion: Aspects of RCTs using EHRs are sub-optimally reported. Uptake of the CONSORT-ROUTINE Extension may improve reporting. 12 p.
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- 2022
108. Biased, wrong and counterfeited evidences published during the COVID-19 pandemic, a systematic review of retracted COVID-19 papers
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Angelo Capodici, Aurelia Salussolia, Francesco Sanmarchi, Davide Gori, and Davide Golinelli
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Statistics and Probability ,Retracted ,Health (social science) ,Epidemiology ,Health Policy ,Frauds ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,COVID-19 ,General Social Sciences ,Health Informatics ,Misconduct ,Peer-review ,Systematic review - Abstract
In 2020 COVID-19 led to an unprecedented stream of papers being submitted to journals. Scientists and physicians all around the globe were in need for information about this new disease. In this climate, many articles were accepted after extremely fast peer-reviews to provide the scientific community with the latest discoveries and knowledge. Unfortunately, this also led to articles retraction due to authors' misconduct or errors in methodology and/or conclusions. The aim of this study is to investigate the number and characteristics of retracted papers, and to explore the main causes that led to retraction. We conducted a systematic review on retracted articles, using PubMed as data source. Our inclusion criteria were the following: English-language retracted articles that reported original data, results, opinions or hypotheses on COVID-19 and Sars-CoV-2. Twenty-seven retracted articles were identified, mainly reporting observational studies and opinion pieces. Many articles published during the first year of the pandemic have been retracted, mainly due to the authors' scientific misconduct. Duplications, plagiarism, frauds and absence of consent, were the main reasons for retractions. In modern medicine, researchers are required to publish frequently, and, especially during situations like the COVID-19 pandemic, when articles were rapidly published, gaps in peer-reviews system and in the path to scientific publication arose.
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- 2022
109. White paper on peanut allergy- part1: Epidemiology, burden of disease, health economic aspects
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Hans F. Merk, Christian Vogelberg, Natalija Novak, Sven Becker, Katja Nemat, Thomas Spindler, Eckard Hamelmann, Michael Gerstlauer, Adam Chaker, Randolf Brehler, Torsten Zuberbier, Norbert Mülleneisen, Thomas Fuchs, Kirsten Beyer, Holger Wrede, Wolfgang Czech, Wolfgang Wehrmann, Tobias Ankermann, Ludger Klimek, Sebastian Schmidt, Kirsten Jung, Andrea Bauer, Wolfgang Schlenter, Katharina Blumchen, Uta Rabe, Lars Lange, Johannes Ring, and Thilo Jakob
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Burden of disease ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Allergy ,Review ,Food allergy ,Anaphylaxis ,Oral immunotherapy ,COVID-19 ,Children ,business.industry ,Peanut allergy ,food and beverages ,Allergen avoidance ,medicine.disease ,ddc ,White paper ,Environmental health ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,ddc:610 ,business - Abstract
Peanuts are Leguminosae, commonly known as the legume or pea family, and peanut allergy is among the most common food allergies and the most common cause of fatal food reactions and anaphylaxis.The prevalence of peanut allergy increased 3.5-fold over the past two decades reaching 1.4–2% in Europe and the United States. The reasons for this increase in prevalence are likely multifaceted. Sensitization via the skin appears to be associated with the development of peanut allergy and atopic eczema in infancy is associated with a high risk of developing peanut allergy.Until recently, the only possible management strategy for peanut allergy was strict allergen avoidance and emergency treatment including adrenaline auto-injector in cases of accidental exposure and reaction.This paper discusses the various factors that impact the risks of peanut allergy and the burden of self-management on peanut-allergic children and their caregivers.
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- 2021
110. Correction: Impact of sampling and data collection methods on maternity survey response: a randomised controlled trial of paper and push-to-web surveys and a concurrent social media survey
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Siân Harrison, Fiona Alderdice, and Maria A. Quigley
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Epidemiology ,Health Informatics - Published
- 2023
111. Priorities for research on neuromodulatory subcortical systems in Alzheimer's disease: Position paper from the NSS PIA of ISTAART
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Alexander J. Ehrenberg, Michael A. Kelberman, Kathy Y. Liu, Martin J. Dahl, David Weinshenker, Neus Falgàs, Shubir Dutt, Mara Mather, Mareike Ludwig, Matthew J. Betts, Joseph R. Winer, Stefan Teipel, Alexandra J. Weigand, Oxana Eschenko, Dorothea Hämmerer, Marina Leiman, Scott E. Counts, James M. Shine, Ian H. Robertson, Allan I. Levey, Elisa Lancini, Gowoon Son, Christoph Schneider, Maxime Van Egroo, Claudio Liguori, Qin Wang, Elena M. Vazey, Federico Rodriguez‐Porcel, Lena Haag, Mark W. Bondi, Sven Vanneste, Whitney M. Freeze, Yeo‐Jin Yi, Mihovil Maldinov, Jennifer Gatchel, Abhijit Satpati, Claudio Babiloni, William S. Kremen, Robert Howard, Heidi I. L. Jacobs, Lea T. Grinberg, Psychology 2, RS: MHeNs - R1 - Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, and Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie
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COERULEUS MRI CONTRAST ,BRAIN-STEM NUCLEI ,Epidemiology ,Health Policy ,CHOLINERGIC INNERVATION ,NUCLEUS RAPHE DORSALIS ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,AMINERGIC NUCLEI ,Developmental Neuroscience ,NORADRENERGIC MODULATION ,LOCUS-COERULEUS ,COGNITIVE DECLINE ,Neurology (clinical) ,ddc:610 ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES ,A-BETA - Abstract
The neuromodulatory subcortical system (NSS) nuclei are critical hubs for survival, hedonic tone, and homeostasis. Tau-associated NSS degeneration occurs early in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, long before the emergence of pathognomonic memory dysfunction and cortical lesions. Accumulating evidence supports the role of NSS dysfunction and degeneration in the behavioral and neuropsychiatric manifestations featured early in AD. Experimental studies even suggest that AD-associated NSS degeneration drives brain neuroinflammatory status and contributes to disease progression, including the exacerbation of cortical lesions. Given the important pathophysiologic and etiologic roles that involve the NSS in early AD stages, there is an urgent need to expand our understanding of the mechanisms underlying NSS vulnerability and more precisely detail the clinical progression of NSS changes in AD. Here, the NSS Professional Interest Area of the International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment highlights knowledge gaps about NSS within AD and provides recommendations for priorities specific to clinical research, biomarker development, modeling, and intervention. HIGHLIGHTS: Neuromodulatory nuclei degenerate in early Alzheimer's disease pathological stages. Alzheimer's pathophysiology is exacerbated by neuromodulatory nuclei degeneration. Neuromodulatory nuclei degeneration drives neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia. Biomarkers of neuromodulatory integrity would be value-creating for dementia care. Neuromodulatory nuclei present strategic prospects for disease-modifying therapies.
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- 2023
112. Harms in Systematic Reviews Paper 3: Given the same data sources, systematic reviews of gabapentin have different results for harms
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Eliseo Guallar, Tianjing Li, Thanitsara Rittiphairoj, Mara McAdams-DeMarco, Evan Mayo-Wilson, and Riaz Qureshi
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Research Report ,Actuarial science ,Systematic review ,Harm ,Epidemiology ,Meta-analysis ,Humans ,Information Storage and Retrieval ,Gabapentin ,Psychology ,Systematic Reviews as Topic - Abstract
Objective : In this methodologic study (Part 2 of 2), we examined the overlap in sources of evidence and the corresponding results for harms in systematic reviews for gabapentin. Study Design & Setting : We extracted all citations referenced as sources of evidence for harms of gabapentin from 70 systematic reviews, as well as the harms assessed and numerical results. We assessed consistency of harms between pairs of reviews with a high degree of overlap in sources of evidence (>50%) as determined by corrected covered area (CCA). Results : We found 514 reports cited across 70 included reviews. Most reports (244/514, 48%) were not cited in more than one review. Among 18 pairs of reviews, we found reviews had differences in which harms were assessed and their choice to meta-analyze estimates or present descriptive summaries. When a specific harm was meta-analyzed in a pair of reviews, we found similar effect estimates. Conclusion : Differences in harms results across reviews can occur because the choice of harms is driven by reviewer preferences, rather than standardized approaches to selecting harms for assessment. A paradigm shift is needed in the current approach to synthesizing harms.
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- 2022
113. Controversy and Debate : Questionable utility of the relative risk in clinical research: Paper 4 :Odds Ratios are far from 'portable' — A call to use realistic models for effect variation in meta-analysis
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Stephen R. Cole, Richard F. MacLehose, Haitao Chu, David Richardson, Sander Greenland, Yong Chen, and Mengli Xiao
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Correlation ,Variation (linguistics) ,Systematic review ,Empirical comparison ,Epidemiology ,Relative risk ,Meta-analysis ,education ,mental disorders ,Statistics ,Baseline risk ,Odds ratio ,Psychology - Abstract
Objective Recently Doi et al. argued that risk ratios should be replaced with odds ratios in clinical research. We disagreed, and empirically documented the lack of portability of odds ratios, while Doi et al. defended their position. In this response we highlight important errors in their position. Study design and setting We counter Doi et al.’s arguments by further examining the correlations of odds ratios, and risk ratios, with baseline risks in 20,198 meta-analyses from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Results Doi et al.’s claim that odds ratios are portable is invalid because 1) their reasoning is circular: they assume a model under which the odds ratio is constant and show that under such a model the odds ratio is portable; 2) the method they advocate to convert odds ratios to risk ratios is biased; 3) their empirical example is readily-refuted by counter-examples of meta-analyses in which the risk ratio is portable but the odds ratio isn't; and 4) they fail to consider the causal determinants of meta-analytic inclusion criteria: Doi et al. mistakenly claim that variation in odds ratios with different baseline risks in meta-analyses is due to collider bias. Empirical comparison between the correlations of odds ratios, and risk ratios, with baseline risks show that the portability of odds ratios and risk ratios varies across settings. Conclusion The suggestion to replace risk ratios with odds ratios is based on circular reasoning and a confusion of mathematical and empirical results. It is especially misleading for meta-analyses and clinical guidance. Neither the odds ratio nor the risk ratio is universally portable. To address this lack of portability, we reinforce our suggestion to report variation in effect measures conditioning on modifying factors such as baseline risk; understanding such variation is essential to patient-centered practice.
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- 2022
114. Herpes simplex virus alters Alzheimer's disease biomarkers - A hypothesis paper
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Oliver Goldhardt, Robert Freiberger, Tobias Dreyer, Luisa Willner, Igor Yakushev, Marion Ortner, Hans Förstl, Janine Diehl‐Schmid, Esther Milz, Josef Priller, Alfredo Ramirez, Viktor Magdolen, Markus Thaler, and Timo Grimmer
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Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,ATN, cerebrospinal fluid, cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex virus, FDG, immunoglobulin G, IgM, neuronal injury, PET, phospho tau, pTau, tau, tau pathology, total tau, tTau ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Alzheimer's disease, amyloid, antibody index, Aβ42 ,Epidemiology ,Health Policy ,Neurology (clinical) ,ddc:610 ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Aβ40 - Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Human herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) is discussed to induce amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in cell culture and animal models. Aβ appears to be virostatic. We investigated the association between intrathecal antibodies against HSV or cytomegalovirus (CMV) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers.METHODS: Aβ 42 /Aβ 40 ratio, pTau, and tTau were measured in CSF of 117 patients with early AD positive for amyloid pathology (A+) and 30 healthy controls (A-). CSF-to-serum anti-HSV1/2-IgG antibody indices (AI-IgG HSV1/2 ) and CMV (AI-IgG CMV ) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Exclusively in HSV1-seropositive AD, pTau was positively and significantly predicted by AI-IgG HSV1/2 and negatively by the Aβ 42 /Aβ 40 ratio in both univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Furthermore, a significant and negative interaction between the AI-IgG HSV1/2 and Aβ 42 /Aβ 40 ratio on pTau was found. DISCUSSION: The results support the hypothesis that HSV infection contributes to AD.HIGHLIGHTS: HSV antibody index is positively associated with tau pathology in patients with AD. HSV antibody index is negatively associated with cerebral FDG metabolism. Amyloid modulates the association of HSV antibody index with CSF-pTau. HSV in AD offers a pathophysiological model connecting tau and amyloid.
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- 2022
115. Current perspectives on coronavirus disease 2019 and cardiovascular disease: a white paper by the JAHA editors
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Jose Gutierrez, Daniel Addison, Hossein Ardehali, Holli A. DeVon, Carmela Maniero, Reynaldo Sanchez, Hani Jneid, Ajay Gupta, Vikas Kapil, Pamela S. Miller, Nicolas Delarche, Carol Ann Remme, Jai D. Parekh, Amgad Mentias, Anneline S.J.M. te Riele, Romain Boulestreau, Sher May Ng, Konrad T Sawicki, Barry London, Sanket Borgaonkar, Amelia K. Boehme, Kevin J. Clerkin, Isabella M. Grumbach, and Daniel A. Jones
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cardiovascular risk factors ,Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems ,Epidemiology ,White Paper ,Disease ,Comorbidity ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Global Health ,ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME ,THERAPY ,SARS‐CoV‐2 ,White paper ,RESPIRATORY SYNDROME ,Risk Factors ,cardiovascular disease ,Health care ,Pandemic ,Global health ,Viral ,1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,treatment ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,INVASIVE STRATEGY ,C-REACTIVE PROTEIN ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Coronavirus Infections ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,management ,medicine.medical_specialty ,ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Pneumonia, Viral ,AMERICAN-COLLEGE ,EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE-OXYGENATION ,coronavirus disease 2019 ,Betacoronavirus ,COVID‐19 ,medicine ,Humans ,ASSOCIATION TASK-FORCE ,Intensive care medicine ,Pandemics ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,Pneumonia ,medicine.disease ,White Papers ,Cardiovascular System & Cardiology ,business - Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has infected more than 3.0 million people worldwide and killed more than 200,000 as of April 27, 2020. In this White Paper, we address the cardiovascular co‐morbidities of COVID‐19 infection; the diagnosis and treatment of standard cardiovascular conditions during the pandemic; and the diagnosis and treatment of the cardiovascular consequences of COVID‐19 infection. In addition, we will also address various issues related to the safety of healthcare workers and the ethical issues related to patient care in this pandemic.
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- 2020
116. COVID-19 living paper: overview of information available to support the development of medical countermeasures and interventions against COVID-19
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Martine DENIS, Valerie VANDEWEERD, Rein VERBEEKE, and Diane VAN DER VLIET
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SARS-CoV-2 ,public health ,review ,therapeutics ,diagnostics ,COVID-19 ,epidemiology ,vaccines ,living paper ,clinical ,animal models - Abstract
The living paper on the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) provides a structured compilation of scientific data about the virus, the disease and its control.Its objective is to help scientists identify the most relevant publications on COVID-19 in the mass of information that appears every day. It is also expected to foster a global understanding of disease control and stimulate transdisciplinary initiatives. This living paper is updated on a weekly basis. It is an initiative of the journal Transciplinary Insights.
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- 2020
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117. Headache prevalence and characteristics among adolescents in the general population: a comparison between retrospect questionnaire and prospective paper diary data
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Larsson, Bo and Fichtel, Åsa
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- 2014
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118. Towards a Unified Approach to Information Integration - A review paper on data/information fusion
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Lei, Xingye
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- 2005
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119. Research Paper: Providing an Appropriate Prediction Model for Traffic Accidents: A Case Study on Accidents in Golestan, Mazandaran, Guilan, and Ardebil Provinces.
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Omidi, Mohammad Reza, Eskandari, Meysam Jafari, Raissi, Sadigh, and Shojaei, Amir Abbas
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BOX-Jenkins forecasting ,TRAFFIC accidents ,PREDICTION models ,AGE groups - Abstract
Background: Road traffic accidents in Iran are a critical issue that hinders economic development and one of the main threats to the health and safety of people in the community. The statistics indicate that after cardiovascular diseases, traffic accidents are the second leading cause of death in different age groups, which reflects the necessity of prediction in this area. Materials and Methods: The present study investigated the data of the traffic-accident injured people between April 2009 and March 2012 in Golestan, Mazandaran, Guilan, and Ardebil provinces, presented to forensic medicine. We used the Box-Jenkins method as one of the most advanced methods in prediction and future studies in the field of health systems, to estimate the number of injuries by province, for the years 2016 to 2019. Results: The obtained results suggested the appropriate time series patterns for predicting injured people in Golestan Province with Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) (4, 2, 4), Mazandaran Province with ARIMA (3, 1, 5), Guilan Province with ARIMA (3, 1, 4), and Ardabil Province with ARIMA (5, 1, 2). Furthermore, the mean percentages of absolute error for different provinces were as follows: Golestan Province, 0.114; Mazandaran Province, 0.064; Guilan Province, 0.078; and Ardabil Province, 0.1250. These data demonstrate the high precision of the Box-Jenkins method in predicting the number of traffic-accident injured people, especially in Mazandaran and Guilan provinces. Estimated values for 2016 to 2019 indicate that the road traffic injuries are increasing in Golestan Province and decreasing in Mazandaran, Guilan, and Ardebil provinces. Conclusion: The high precision of the Box--Jenkins method makes it an appropriate way for experts and authorities to predict traffic accident injuries in Golestan, Guilan, Mazandaran, and Ardebil provinces. The reduced number of casualties in Mazandaran, Guilan, and Ardebil indicate a progressive improvement in the transportation system conduct in these provinces. Moreover, Golestan Province is moving towards an increase in traffic accidents, requiring replanning to reduce accidents there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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120. Update on cardiovascular prevention in clinical practice: A position paper of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology*
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Carlos Brotons, Naveed Sattar, Y.M. Smulders, Bernard Cosyns, Arno W. Hoes, Marco Ambrosetti, Alberico L. Catapano, Benedetta Matrone, Ana Abreu, Massimo F Piepoli, Josep Redon, Maja-Lisa Løchen, Christi Deaton, Christian Albus, Ugo Corrà, Monica Tiberi, Ian D. Graham, Clinical sciences, Cardio-vascular diseases, and Cardiology
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Consensus ,Epidemiology ,Cost effectiveness ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Population ,Cardiology ,Psychological intervention ,physical activity ,population ,Guidelines ,risk management ,smoking ,rehabilitation ,lipids ,primary care ,prevention ,healthy lifestyle ,Internal medicine ,Preventive Health Services ,Humans ,Medicine ,guidelines ,education ,psychosocial factors ,stakeholder ,Risk management ,education.field_of_study ,VDP::Medisinske Fag: 700::Helsefag: 800::Samfunnsmedisin, sosialmedisin: 801 ,diabetes ,business.industry ,Stakeholder ,blood pressure ,risk assessment ,Health Care Costs ,Protective Factors ,Prognosis ,nutrition ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Heart Disease Risk Factors ,Position paper ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Risk assessment ,clinical settings - Abstract
This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in European Journal of Preventive Cardiology following peer review. The version of record Piepoli, M.F., Abreu, A., Albus, C., Ambrosetti, M., Brotons, C., Catapano, A.L. ... Tiberi, M. (2020). Update on cardiovascular prevention in clinical practice: A position paper of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology*. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology (EJPC), 27(2), 181-205 is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319893035. European guidelines on cardiovascular prevention in clinical practice were first published in 1994 and have been regularly updated, most recently in 2016, by the Sixth European Joint Task Force. Given the amount of new information that has become available since then, components from the task force and experts from the European Association of Preventive Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology were invited to provide a summary and critical review of the most important new studies and evidence since the latest guidelines were published. The structure of the document follows that of the previous document and has six parts: Introduction (epidemiology and cost effectiveness); Cardiovascular risk; How to intervene at the population level; How to intervene at the individual level; Disease-specific interventions; and Settings: where to intervene? In fact, in keeping with the guidelines, greater emphasis has been put on a population-based approach and on disease-specific interventions, avoiding re-interpretation of information already and previously considered. Finally, the presence of several gaps in the knowledge is highlighted.
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- 2020
121. What’s new for the clinician – summaries of recently published papers (September 2021)
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Veerasamy Yengopal
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Public health ,Altered behaviour ,Developing country ,medicine.disease ,CHEWING DIFFICULTY ,stomatognathic diseases ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Weight loss ,Environmental health ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Early childhood caries - Abstract
It is estimated that 621 million children throughout the world have untreated caries on primary teeth. 1 Early childhood caries (ECC), which affects preschool children, progresses rapidly and is associated with pain, difficulty chewing, weight loss, difficulty sleeping, altered behaviour, and a poorer quality of life for affected children and theirfamilies. Children with dental caries have greater treatmentneed, which is expensive and not readily accessible in most developing countries. In South Africa, ECC is a major public health problem with caries rates among children as high as 70% in some provinces.
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- 2021
122. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: mechanistic insights and management strategies. A joint position paper by the World Heart Federation and World Obesity Federation
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Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, Wael Almahmeed, Harold Bays, Ada Cuevas, Emanuele Di Angelantonio, Carel W le Roux, Naveed Sattar, Marie Chan Sun, Gary Wittert, Fausto J Pinto, John P H Wilding, and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
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Cardiometabolic complications ,Epidemiology ,Obesity ,Overweight ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Cardiovascular disease ,Cardiovascular risk ,Adiposity - Abstract
© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com, The ongoing obesity epidemic represents a global public health crisis that contributes to poor health outcomes, reduced quality of life, and >2.8 million deaths each year. Obesity is relapsing, progressive, and heterogeneous. It is considered a chronic disease by the World Obesity Federation (WOF) and a chronic condition by the World Heart Federation (WHF). People living with overweight/obesity are at greater risk for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Increased adiposity (body fat), particularly visceral/abdominal fat, is linked to CV risk and CV disease (CVD) via multiple direct and indirect pathophysiological mechanisms. The development of CVD is driven, in part, by obesity-related metabolic, endocrinologic, immunologic, structural, humoral, haemodynamic, and functional alterations. The complex multifaceted nature of these mechanisms can be challenging to understand and address in clinical practice. People living with obesity and CVD often have concurrent chronic physical or psychological disorders (multimorbidity) requiring multidisciplinary care pathways and polypharmacy. Evidence indicates that intentional weight loss (particularly when substantial) lowers CVD risk among people with overweight/obesity. Long-term weight loss and maintenance require ongoing commitment from both the individual and those responsible for their care. This position paper, developed by the WOF and the WHF, aims to improve understanding of the direct and indirect links between overweight/obesity and CVD, the key controversies in this area and evidence relating to cardiometabolic outcomes with available weight management options. Finally, an action plan for clinicians provides recommendations to help in identifying and addressing the risks of obesity-related CVD (recognizing resource and support variances between countries).
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- 2022
123. IAP position paper on burden of mumps in India and vaccination strategies
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Vashishtha, Vipin M., Yadav, Sangeeta, Dabas, Aashima, Bansal, C. P., Agarwal, Rohit C., Yewale, Vijay N., Thacker, Naveen, Kamath, S. S., and Mehta, Pravin J.
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
124. Letter to the editor (January 1, 2019) concerning the paper 'Impact of air pollution on depression and suicide'
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Francesco Chirico and Nicola Magnavita
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air pollution ,climate change ,epidemiology ,global warming ,mental health ,suicide ,Medicine - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
125. ESC e-Cardiology Working Group Position Paper: Overcoming challenges in digital health implementation in cardiovascular medicine
- Author
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Paul Dendale, John Crawford, Alan Böhm, Enrico G. Caiani, Enno T. van der Velde, Pascal Meier, Friedrich Koehler, Stefan D. Anker, Marco Tubaro, Natasja M.S. de Groot, Polychronis Dilaveris, Martin R. Cowie, Goran Krstačić, Ines Frederix, Ewa Piotrowicz, Tina Birgitte Hansen, Patrizio Lancellotti, Ekaterini Lambrinou, Lis Neubeck, Gianfranco Parati, Jeroen J. Bax, Frederix, I, Caiani, E, Dendale, P, Anker, S, Bax, J, Bohm, A, Cowie, M, Crawford, J, de Groot, N, Dilaveris, P, Hansen, T, Koehler, F, Krstacic, G, Lambrinou, E, Lancellotti, P, Meier, P, Neubeck, L, Parati, G, Piotrowicz, E, Tubaro, M, van der Velde, E, Cardiology, and Surgery
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Consensus ,Epidemiology ,Psychological intervention ,challenges ,Disease ,Telemedicine/standards ,cardiovascular disease ,digital cardiology ,Digital health ,position statement ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Stakeholder Participation ,Internal medicine ,digital health ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cardiovascular nursing ,Cardiovascular Diseases/diagnosis ,Quality Indicators, Health Care ,Delivery of Health Care, Integrated ,business.industry ,Delivery of Health Care, Integrated/standards ,Quality Indicators, Health Care/standards ,Quality Improvement ,Telemedicine ,Quality Improvement/standards ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Action plan ,Cardiology ,challenge ,Position paper ,Human medicine ,business ,Military deployment - Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the availability of highly effective treatments, the contemporary burden of disease remains huge. Digital health interventions hold promise to improve further the quality and experience of cardiovascular care. This position paper provides a brief overview of currently existing digital health applications in different cardiovascular disease settings. It provides the reader with the most relevant challenges for their large-scale deployment in Europe. The potential role of different stakeholders and related challenges are identified, and the key points suggestions on how to proceed are given. This position paper was developed by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) e-Cardiology working group, in close collaboration with the ESC Digital Health Committee, the European Association of Preventive Cardiology, the European Heart Rhythm Association, the Heart Failure Association, the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association, the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions, the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions and the Council on Hypertension. It relates to the ESC's action plan and mission to play a pro-active role in all aspects of the e-health agenda in support of cardiovascular health in Europe and aims to be used as guiding document for cardiologists and other relevant stakeholders in the field of digital health. The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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- 2019
126. Second binational symposium: United States-Israel. Papers on the role of epidemiology in assessment of need, program development, and resource allocation.
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- Humans, Israel, United States, Epidemiology, Health Resources, Health Services Needs and Demand, Health Services Research
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- 1984
127. Epidemiology and experimental toxicology--is there a meeting ground? Discussion paper.
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Grasso P
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- Animals, Dioxins adverse effects, Disease Models, Animal, Formaldehyde adverse effects, Humans, Nickel adverse effects, Predictive Value of Tests, Rats, Risk Factors, Saccharin adverse effects, Epidemiology, Toxicology
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
128. [CPHA policy statements: Postiion paper on teaching of epidemiology to undergraduates].
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- Canada, Curriculum, Education, Medical, Undergraduate, Epidemiology education, Public Health, Societies
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- 1975
129. Raising the profile of epidemiological research: discussion paper.
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Roth CA and Lenfant C
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- Humans, National Institutes of Health (U.S.), Peer Review, Research Support as Topic, United States, Epidemiology, Research
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- 1989
- Full Text
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130. Using Vignette-Based Methodology to Examine Study Recruitment in Older African American Adults: A Methods Paper
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Dawn T. Bounds, Charlene J. Gamboa, Wrenetha Julion, and Louis Fogg
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Adult ,Gerontology ,Response rate (survey) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Health (social science) ,business.industry ,Public health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Health informatics ,Article ,Black or African American ,Urban Studies ,Comprehension ,Survey methodology ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Vignette ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Donation ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,Psychology ,business ,Minority Groups ,Aged - Abstract
This study's objective was to assess which caring recruitment behaviors correlate with the successful recruitment of older African-American adults-a two-step cross-sectional design employing a vignette-based survey methodology. Kristen Swanson's middle-range theory of caring was used to guide the examination of African-American adults' (65 years of age and older) perceptions of research-study-recruiter recruitment behaviors. This study's main findings are twofold: Step 1: Seven of ten invited experts identified major revisions of the two core vignettes, written at an eighth-grade reading level and high school comprehension. Step 2: A 51% response rate yielded findings that this methodology successfully captured older African-American adults' perception of research study recruiters' behavioral characteristics during the recruitment process. Older African-Americans who received the hypothetical caring vignette were twice as likely to indicate their willingness to enroll in a research study with a high commitment (i.e., brain donation) compared to their counterparts who received the hypothetical uncaring recruitment scenario. Vignette-based survey methodology holds promise as a tool for informing the recruitment of older African-American adults and other minorities into federally funded health-related research studies.
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- 2021
131. What Happens to Your Manuscript: Characteristics of Papers Published in Volume 189
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Catherine R Lesko, Neia Prata Menezes, Lorraine T Dean, Harriett Telljohann, Lori E Biddle, Enrique F Schisterman, and on behalf of the Editorial Board
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History ,Epidemiology ,Library science ,Volume (compression) - Published
- 2021
132. CONCLUDING REVIEW ON THE PAPERS ON THE OUTBREAK OF FEBRILE ILLNESS WITH HAEMORRHAGIC MANIFESTATIONS IN CALCUTTA.
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RAO TR and ANDERSON CR
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- Animals, India, Aedes, Arboviruses, Disease Outbreaks, Epidemiology, Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome, Insect Vectors, Pathology, Serologic Tests, Virus Cultivation
- Published
- 1964
133. Original paper Changes in the morbidity and costs of systemic lupus erythematosus in Poland in the years 2008–2012
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Andrzej Śliwczyński, Melania Brzozowska, Petre Iltchev, Tomasz Czeleko, Zbigniew Teter, Witold Tłustochowicz, Michał Marczak, and Małgorzata Tłustochowicz
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epidemiology ,systemic lupus erythematosus ,regional differences ,health economics ,Medicine - Abstract
Objectives : The goal of the article is to present the changes in morbidity and costs of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Poland in the 2008–2012 period, depending on the province of residence of the patients based on data reported to the public payer – the National Health Fund. Material and methods : Based on the ICD-10 code and the patient’s personal identity number, the number of patients and medical costs (cost of hospitalization, pharmaceutical, medical procedures, dialysis and specialist consultations) were calculated by province (voivodeship) and urban or rural residence. Results : Annually on average in the assessed period in Poland approximately 20 000 patients were diagnosed with SLE. The studied group was dominated by women (they were 5.2 times more numerous). The morbidity rate was 52.183 patients per 100 thousand inhabitants. Most patients were in the age range of 48–56 years. Average annual expenses for this group of patients over the examined period were USD 16,327 million. Two times more was expended on patients inhabiting cities, approximately 4 times more on women. Calculated per patient, the average cost of therapy was USD 810.63. Conclusions : The population of SLE patients in Poland is highly stable. The results of analysis indicate 1.64 times more frequent occurrence in urban areas, which may be connected with availability of doctors. The SLE treatment costs in Poland are much lower than in other countries, which is related mainly to the fact that therapy with biological drugs is not financed.
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- 2015
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134. Analysis of Digital Documentation Speed and Sequence Using Digital Paper and Pen Technology During the Refugee Crisis in Europe: Content Analysis
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Walter Swoboda, Martin Kulla, Katalyn Rossmann, Roland Girgensohn, Axel Franke, Matthias Helm, Markus Blätzinger, Kai Kehe, Thomas Morwinsky, Kerstin Luepke, and Dan Bieler
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Time Factors ,digital pen ,Computer science ,Refugee ,digital documentation ,Vital signs ,Health Informatics ,Documentation ,Information technology ,digital paper ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Germany ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Digital paper ,refugee crisis ,Refugees ,Original Paper ,Syria ,Refugee Camps ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,medicine.disease ,T58.5-58.64 ,refugee camp ,Europe ,Content analysis ,Data quality ,epidemiology ,Medical emergency ,Timestamp ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Coding (social sciences) - Abstract
Background The Syria crisis has forced more than 4 million people to leave their homeland. As a result, in 2016, an overwhelming number of refugees reached Germany. In response to this, it was of utmost importance to set up refugee camps and to provide humanitarian aid, but a health surveillance system was also implemented in order to obtain rapid information about emerging diseases. Objective The present study describes the effects of using digital paper and pen (DPP) technology on the speed, sequence, and behavior of epidemiological documentation in a refugee camp. Methods DPP technology was used to examine documentation speed, sequence, and behavior. The data log of the digital pens used to fill in the documentation was analyzed, and each pen stroke in a field was recorded using a timestamp. Documentation time was the difference between first and last stroke on the paper, which includes clinical examination and translation. Results For three months, 495 data sets were recorded. After corrections had been made, 421 data sets were considered valid and subjected to further analysis. The median documentation time was 41:41 min (interquartile range 29:54 min; mean 45:02 min; SD 22:28 min). The documentation of vital signs ended up having the strongest effect on the overall time of documentation. Furthermore, filling in the free-text field clinical findings or therapy or measures required the most time (mean 16:49 min; SD 20:32 min). Analysis of the documentation sequence revealed that the final step of coding the diagnosis was a time-consuming step that took place once the form had been completed. Conclusions We concluded that medical documentation using DPP technology leads to both an increase in documentation speed and data quality through the compliance of the data recorders who regard the tool to be convenient in everyday routine. Further analysis of more data sets will allow optimization of the documentation form used. Thus, DPP technology is an effective tool for the medical documentation process in refugee camps.
- Published
- 2019
135. Global Globin Network Consensus Paper: Classification and Stratified Roadmaps for Improved Thalassaemia Care and Prevention in 32 Countries.
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Halim-Fikri, Bin Hashim, Lederer, Carsten W., Baig, Atif Amin, Mat-Ghani, Siti Nor Assyuhada, Syed-Hassan, Sharifah-Nany Rahayu-Karmilla, Yusof, Wardah, Abdul Rashid, Diana, Azman, Nurul Fatihah, Fucharoen, Suthat, Panigoro, Ramdan, Silao, Catherine Lynn T., Viprakasit, Vip, Jalil, Norunaluwar, Mohd Yasin, Norafiza, Bahar, Rosnah, Selvaratnam, Veena, Mohamad, Norsarwany, Nik Hassan, Nik Norliza, Esa, Ezalia, and Krause, Amanda
- Subjects
- *
MIDDLE-income countries , *GLOBIN , *THALASSEMIA , *GLOBAL burden of disease , *QUALITY of service , *COUNTRIES - Abstract
The Global Globin Network (GGN) is a project-wide initiative of the Human Variome/Global Variome Project (HVP) focusing on haemoglobinopathies to build the capacity for genomic diagnosis, clinical services, and research in low- and middle-income countries. At present, there is no framework to evaluate the improvement of care, treatment, and prevention of thalassaemia and other haemoglobinopathies globally, despite thalassaemia being one of the most common monogenic diseases worldwide. Here, we propose a universally applicable system for evaluating and grouping countries based on qualitative indicators according to the quality of care, treatment, and prevention of haemoglobinopathies. We also apply this system to GGN countries as proof of principle. To this end, qualitative indicators were extracted from the IthaMaps database of the ITHANET portal, which allowed four groups of countries (A, B, C, and D) to be defined based on major qualitative indicators, supported by minor qualitative indicators for countries with limited resource settings and by the overall haemoglobinopathy carrier frequency for the target countries of immigration. The proposed rubrics and accumulative scores will help analyse the performance and improvement of care, treatment, and prevention of haemoglobinopathies in the GGN and beyond. Our proposed criteria complement future data collection from GGN countries to help monitor the quality of services for haemoglobinopathies, provide ongoing estimates for services and epidemiology in GGN countries, and note the contribution of the GGN to a local and global reduction of disease burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
136. Worth the Paper it’s Written on? A Cross-sectional Study of Medical Certificate of Stillbirth Accuracy in the United Kingdom
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Michael P, Rimmer, Ian, Henderson, William, Parry-Smith, Olivia, Raglan, Jennifer, Tamblyn, Alexander E P, Heazell, Lucy E, Higgins, and C L M, Wyeth
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Epidemiology ,General Medicine - Abstract
Background The Medical Certificate of Stillbirth (MCS) records data about a baby’s death after 24 weeks of gestation but before birth. Major errors that could alter interpretation of the MCS were widespread in two UK-based regional studies. Methods A multicentre evaluation was conducted, examining MCS issued 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018 in 76 UK obstetric units. A systematic case-note review of stillbirths was conducted by Obstetric and Gynaecology trainees, generating individual ‘ideal MCSs’ and comparing these to the actual MCS issued. Anonymized central data analysis described rates and types of error, agreement and factors associated with major errors. Results There were 1120 MCSs suitable for assessment, with 126 additional submitted data sets unsuitable for accuracy analysis (total 1246 cases). Gestational age demonstrated ‘substantial’ agreement [K = 0.73 (95% CI 0.70–0.76)]. Primary cause of death (COD) showed ‘fair’ agreement [K = 0.26 (95% CI 0.24–0.29)]. Major errors [696/1120; 62.1% (95% CI 59.3–64.9%)] included certificates issued for fetal demise at Conclusion This study demonstrates widespread major errors in MCS completion across the UK. MCS should only be completed following structured case-note review, with particular attention on the fetal growth trajectory.
- Published
- 2022
137. An experimental comparison of web-push vs. paper-only survey procedures for conducting an in-depth health survey of military spouses
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Hope Seib McMaster, Cynthia A. LeardMann, Steven Speigle, Don A. Dillman, and for the Millennium Cohort Family Study Team
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Paper ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Operations research ,Epidemiology ,Population ,education ,Study methodology ,Health Informatics ,Sample (statistics) ,Cohort Studies ,Treatment and control groups ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Military ,Methods ,medicine ,Humans ,Postal Service ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Spouses ,Survey ,Response rate (survey) ,Internet ,education.field_of_study ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Data collection ,business.industry ,Data Collection ,030503 health policy & services ,Research ,Health Surveys ,Web ,Military Personnel ,Health survey ,Female ,The Internet ,Recruitment ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Psychology ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Research Article ,Demography - Abstract
Background Previous research has found that a “web-push” approach to data collection, which involves contacting people by mail to request an Internet survey response while withholding a paper response option until later in the contact process, consistently achieves lower response rates than a “paper-only” approach, whereby all respondents are contacted and requested to respond by mail. Method An experiment was designed, as part of the Millennium Cohort Family Study, to compare response rates, sample representativeness, and cost between a web-push and a paper-only approach; each approach comprised 3 stages of mail contacts. The invited sample (n = 4,935) consisted of spouses married to U.S. Service members, who had been serving in the military between 2 and 5 years as of October, 2011. Results The web-push methodology produced a significantly higher response rate, 32.8% compared to 27.8%. Each of the 3 stages of postal contact significantly contributed to response for both treatments with 87.1% of the web-push responses received over the Internet. The per-respondent cost of the paper-only treatment was almost 40% higher than the web-push treatment group. Analyses revealed no meaningfully significant differences between treatment groups in representation. Conclusion These results provide evidence that a web-push methodology is more effective and less expensive than a paper-only approach among young military spouses, perhaps due to their heavy reliance on the internet, and we suggest that this approach may be more effective with the general population as they become more uniformly internet savvy.
- Published
- 2017
138. Measurement Error Affecting Web- and Paper-Based Dietary Assessment Instruments: Insights From the Multi-Cohort Eating and Activity Study for Understanding Reporting Error
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Sharon I Kirkpatrick, Richard P Troiano, Brian Barrett, Christopher Cunningham, Amy F Subar, Yikyung Park, Heather R Bowles, Laurence S Freedman, Victor Kipnis, Eric B Rimm, Walter C Willett, Nancy Potischman, Donna Spielgelman, David J Baer, Dale A Schoeller, and Kevin W Dodd
- Subjects
Male ,Epidemiology ,Practice of Epidemiology ,Reproducibility of Results ,Diet Surveys ,Diet ,Cohort Studies ,Nutrition Assessment ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Mental Recall ,Humans ,Female ,Energy Intake ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Few biomarker-based validation studies have examined error in online self-report dietary assessment instruments, and food records (FRs) have been considered less than food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and 24-hour recalls (24HRs). We investigated measurement error in online and paper-based FFQs, online 24HRs, and paper-based FRs in 3 samples drawn primarily from 3 cohorts, comprising 1,393 women and 1,455 men aged 45–86 years. Data collection occurred from January 2011 to October 2013. Attenuation factors and correlation coefficients between reported and true usual intake for energy, protein, sodium, potassium, and respective densities were estimated using recovery biomarkers. Across studies, average attenuation factors for energy were 0.07, 0.07, and 0.19 for a single FFQ, 24HR, and FR, respectively. Correlation coefficients for energy were 0.24, 0.23, and 0.40, respectively. Excluding energy, the average attenuation factors across nutrients and studies were 0.22 for a single FFQ, 0.22 for a single 24HR, and 0.51 for a single FR. Corresponding correlation coefficients were 0.31, 0.34, and 0.53, respectively. For densities (nutrient expressed relative to energy), the average attenuation factors across studies were 0.37, 0.17, and 0.50, respectively. The findings support prior research suggesting different instruments have unique strengths that should be leveraged in epidemiologic research.
- Published
- 2022
139. Review of guidance papers on regression modeling in statistical series of medical journals
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Wallisch, C., Bach, P., Hafermann, L., Klein, N., Sauerbrei, W., Steyerberg, E.W., Heinze, G., Rauch, G., and Topic Grp 2 STRATOS Initiative
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Computer and Information Sciences ,Medical Journals ,Epidemiology ,Science ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Computer Software ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,Epidemiological Statistics ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Humans ,Statistical Methods ,Multidisciplinary ,Models, Statistical ,Statistics ,Software Engineering ,Research Assessment ,Medical Writing ,Medical Risk Factors ,Physical Sciences ,Research Reporting Guidelines ,Regression Analysis ,Engineering and Technology ,Epidemiological Methods and Statistics ,Medicine ,Periodicals as Topic ,Medical Humanities ,Mathematics ,Research Article ,Forecasting - Abstract
Although regression models play a central role in the analysis of medical research projects, there still exist many misconceptions on various aspects of modeling leading to faulty analyses. Indeed, the rapidly developing statistical methodology and its recent advances in regression modeling do not seem to be adequately reflected in many medical publications. This problem of knowledge transfer from statistical research to application was identified by some medical journals, which have published series of statistical tutorials and (shorter) papers mainly addressing medical researchers. The aim of this review was to assess the current level of knowledge with regard to regression modeling contained in such statistical papers. We searched for target series by a request to international statistical experts. We identified 23 series including 57 topic-relevant articles. Within each article, two independent raters analyzed the content by investigating 44 predefined aspects on regression modeling. We assessed to what extent the aspects were explained and if examples, software advices, and recommendations for or against specific methods were given. Most series (21/23) included at least one article on multivariable regression. Logistic regression was the most frequently described regression type (19/23), followed by linear regression (18/23), Cox regression and survival models (12/23) and Poisson regression (3/23). Most general aspects on regression modeling, e.g. model assumptions, reporting and interpretation of regression results, were covered. We did not find many misconceptions or misleading recommendations, but we identified relevant gaps, in particular with respect to addressing nonlinear effects of continuous predictors, model specification and variable selection. Specific recommendations on software were rarely given. Statistical guidance should be developed for nonlinear effects, model specification and variable selection to better support medical researchers who perform or interpret regression analyses.
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- 2022
140. Mental health-related risk factors and interventions in patients with heart failure: a position paper endorsed by the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC)
- Author
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Karl-Heinz Ladwig, Thomas C Baghai, Frank Doyle, Mark Hamer, Christoph Herrmann-Lingen, Evelyn Kunschitz, Cédric Lemogne, Margarita Beresnevaite, Angelo Compare, Roland von Känel, Hendrik B Sager, Willem Johan Kop, University of Zurich, Ladwig, Karl-Heinz, Technische Universität München = Technical University of Munich (TUM), German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), University of Regensburg, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), University College of London [London] (UCL), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Hanusch Krankenhaus [Vienna, Austria] (HK), Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris (IPNP - U1266 Inserm), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Lithuanian University of health Sciences [Kaunas], University of Bergamo, Centro Diagnostico Italiano (CDI), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Tilburg University [Tilburg], Netspar, and Martinez Rico, Clara
- Subjects
Heart failure ,psychological factors ,depression ,anxiety ,palliative care ,review ,risk factors ,psychosocial ,Epidemiology ,[SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health ,Cardiology ,ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK ,610 Medicine & health ,Review ,Anxiety ,2705 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATORS ,Risk Factors ,Settore M-PSI/08 - Psicologia Clinica ,ANTIDEPRESSANT USE ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY ,ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY ,Heart Failure ,Depression ,Palliative Care ,Psychological Factors ,DISEASE MANAGEMENT ,Mental Health ,10057 Klinik für Konsiliarpsychiatrie und Psychosomatik ,MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION ,[SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health ,DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS ,Chronic Disease ,VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,Psychosocial ,2713 Epidemiology - Abstract
The prevalence and public health burden of chronic heart failure (CHF) in Europe is steadily increasing mainly caused by the ageing population and prolonged survival of patients with CHF. Frequent hospitalizations, high morbidity and mortality rates, and enormous healthcare costs contribute to the health-related burden. However, multidisciplinary frameworks that emphasize effective long-term management and the psychological needs of the patients are sparse. The present position paper endorsed by the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC) provides a comprehensive overview on the scientific evidence of psychosocial aspects of heart failure (HF). In order to synthesize newly available information and reinforce best medical practice, information was gathered via literature reviews and consultations of experts. It covers the evidence for aetiological and prospective psychosocial risk factors and major underlying psycho-biological mechanisms. The paper elucidates the need to include psychosocial aspects in self-care concepts and critically reviews the current shortcomings of psychotherapeutic and psycho-pharmacological interventions. It also highlights the need for involvement of psychological support in device therapy for patients with HF and finally calls for better palliative care in the final stage of HF progression.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
141. JBI series paper 3: the importance of people, process, evidence, and technology in pragmatic, healthcare provider-led evidence implementation
- Author
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Craig Lockwood, Zachary Munn, Zoe Jordan, Bianca Pilla, Vilanice Alves de Araújo Püschel, Kelli Borges dos Santos, Laura Albornos-Muñoz, Bridie Kent, Pei-Fan Mu, Hanan Khalil, Alexa McArthur, Kylie Porritt, Adam Cooper, Raluca Sfetcu, and Lucylynn Lizarondo
- Subjects
Technology ,Epidemiology ,PRÁTICA CLÍNICA ,Health Personnel ,Evidence-Based Practice ,Communication ,Humans ,Delivery of Health Care - Abstract
In this paper, we describe and discuss evidence implementation as a venture in global human collaboration within the framework of "people, process, evidence, and technology" as a roadmap for navigating implementation. At its core implementation is not a technological, or theoretical process, it is a human process. That health professionals central to implementation activities may not have had formal training in implementation, highlights the need for processes and programs that can be integrated within healthcare organization structures. Audit with feedback is an accessible implementation approach that includes the capacity to embed theory, frameworks, and bottom-up change processes to improve the quality of care. In this third paper in the JBI series, we discuss how four overarching principals necessary for sustainability (Culture, Capacity, Communication, and Collaboration) are combined with evidence, technology, and resources for evidence-based practice change. This approach has been successfully used across hundreds of evidence implementation projects around the globe for over 15 years. We present healthcare practitioner-led evidence-based practice improvement as sustainable and achievable in collaborative environments such as the global JBI network as a primary interest of the practicing professions and provide an overview of the JBI approach to evidence implementation.
- Published
- 2022
142. India: Abstract of a Paper on Plague, Rats, and Fleas. By Capt. Glen Liston, M. D.
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- 1905
143. CHecklist for statistical Assessment of Medical Papers: the CHAMP statement
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Douglas G. Altman, Michael J. Campbell, Nicholas P. Jewell, Maryam Nazemipour, Rasmus Nielsen, Gary S. Collins, and Mohammad Ali Mansournia
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medicine.medical_specialty ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology ,Article ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Humans ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Quality (business) ,media_common ,Medical education ,education ,research ,Public health ,Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials ,methodology ,General Medicine ,Transparency (behavior) ,Checklist ,statistics ,Research Design ,epidemiology ,Biostatistics ,Psychology - Abstract
Misuse of statistics in medical and sports science research is common and may lead to detrimental consequences to healthcare. Many authors, editors and peer reviewers of medical papers will not have expert knowledge of statistics or may be unconvinced about the importance of applying correct statistics in medical research. Although there are guidelines on reporting statistics in medical papers, a checklist on the more general and commonly seen aspects of statistics to assess when peer-reviewing an article is needed. In this article, we propose a CHecklist for statistical Assessment of Medical Papers (CHAMP) comprising 30 items related to the design and conduct, data analysis, reporting and presentation, and interpretation of a research paper. While CHAMP is primarily aimed at editors and peer reviewers during the statistical assessment of a medical paper, we believe it will serve as a useful reference to improve authors’ and readers’ practice in their use of statistics in medical research. We strongly encourage editors and peer reviewers to consult CHAMP when assessing manuscripts for potential publication. Authors also may apply CHAMP to ensure the validity of their statistical approach and reporting of medical research, and readers may consider using CHAMP to enhance their statistical assessment of a paper.
- Published
- 2021
144. Proceedings of International Conference on Social and Education Sciences (Chicago, Illinois, October 21-24, 2021). Volume 1
- Author
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International Society for Technology, Education and Science (ISTES) Organization, Akerson, Valarie, and Shelley, Mack
- Abstract
"Proceedings of International Conference on Social and Education Sciences" includes full papers presented at the International Conference on Social and Education Sciences (IConSES)-www.iconses.net which took place on October 21-24, 2021 in Chicago, Illinois, USA. The aim of the conference is to offer opportunities to share ideas, to discuss theoretical and practical issues and to connect with the leaders in the fields of education and social sciences. The conference is organized annually by the International Society for Technology, Education, and Science (ISTES)-www.istes.org. The IConSES invites submissions which address the theory, research or applications in all disciplines of education and social sciences. The IConSES is organized for: faculty members in all disciplines of education and social sciences, graduate students, K-12 administrators, teachers, principals and all interested in education and social sciences. After peer-reviewing process, all full papers are published in the Conference Proceedings.
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- 2021
145. Autism in Turkey: Demographics, Behavior Problems, and Accompanying Medical Conditions in a Sample of Turkish Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Doenyas, Ceymi, Ekici, Baris, Unay, Öykü Su, Gönen, Ismail, and Tatli, Burak
- Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an etiologically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition that eludes a single explanation or cure. Epidemiological studies reveal risk factors, relevant comorbidities, and behavioral correlates to reach a better understanding of ASD. To contribute such data from an understudied ASD population, this paper presents epidemiological data from a Turkish sample of individuals with ASD (n = 911, 748 boys (82.1%) and 163 girls (17.9%) between 1 and 18 years of age). Average age at diagnosis was 31.06 ± 11.88 months, and the male-to-female ratio was 4.6:1. Three in 4 individuals with ASD had obsessive behaviors, and 1 in 4 had allergic conditions, inappropriate sexual behaviors, self-harming behaviors, and harmful behaviors towards others. One in 3 received a dietary treatment for at least 3 months; almost half received vitamin supplements; the majority (70%) did not experience constipation; and 2 in 3 were picky eaters. This paper presents data on the age of diagnosis, gender ratios, accompanying behaviors, and dietary interventions in Turkish individuals with ASD, which are topics of current research interest about ASD. Such data from non-Western populations may supplement epidemiological knowledge gained from Western populations to help reach a more comprehensive understanding of this condition with many unknowns.
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- 2023
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146. Biological plausibility in environmental health systematic reviews:a GRADE concept paper
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Paul Whaley, Thomas Piggott, Rebecca L. Morgan, Sebastian Hoffmann, Katya Tsaioun, Lukas Schwingshackl, Mohammed T. Ansari, Kristina A. Thayer, and Holger J. Schünemann
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Bias ,Epidemiology ,Research Design ,Animals ,Humans ,Public Health ,GRADE Approach ,Environmental Health ,Systematic Reviews as Topic ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
"Biological plausibility" is a concept frequently referred to in environmental and public health when researchers are evaluating how confident they are in the results and inferences of a study or evidence review. Biological plausibility is not, however, a domain of one of the most widely-used approaches for assessing the certainty of evidence (CoE) which underpins the findings of a systematic review, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) CoE Framework. Whether the omission of biological plausibility is a potential limitation of the GRADE CoE Framework is a topic that is regularly discussed, especially in the context of environmental health systematic reviews. We analyse how the concept of "biological plausibility", as applied in the context of assessing certainty of the evidence that supports the findings of a systematic review, is accommodated under the processes of systematic review and the existing GRADE domains. We argue that "biological plausibility" is a concept which primarily comes into play when direct evidence about the effects of an exposure on a population of concern (usually humans) is absent, at high risk of bias, is inconsistent, or limited in other ways. In such circumstances, researchers look toward evidence from other study designs in order to draw conclusions. In this respect, we can consider experimental animal and in vitro evidence as "surrogates" for the target populations, exposures, comparators and outcomes of actual interest. Through discussion of 10 examples of experimental surrogates, we propose that the concept of biological plausibility consists of two principal aspects: a "generalisability aspect" and a "mechanistic aspect". The "generalisability aspect" concerns the validity of inferences from experimental models to human scenarios, and asks the same question as does the assessment of external validity or indirectness in systematic reviews. The "mechanistic aspect" concerns certainty in knowledge of biological mechanisms and would inform judgements of indirectness under GRADE, and thus the overall CoE. While both aspects are accommodated under the indirectness domain of the GRADE CoE Framework, further research is needed to determine how to use knowledge of biological mechanisms in the assessment of indirectness of the evidence in systematic reviews.
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- 2022
147. Preventing heart failure: a position paper of the Heart Failure Association in collaboration with the European Association of Preventive Cardiology
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Massimo F. Piepoli, Marianna Adamo, Andrea Barison, Reinaldo B. Bestetti, Jan Biegus, Michael Böhm, Javed Butler, Jonathan Carapetis, Claudio Ceconi, Ovidiu Chioncel, Andrew Coats, Maria G. Crespo‐Leiro, Giovanni Simone, Heinz Drexel, Michele Emdin, Dimitros Farmakis, Martin Halle, Stephane Heymans, Tiny Jaarsma, Ewa Jankowska, Mitja Lainscak, Carolyn S.P. Lam, Maja‐Lisa Løchen, Yuri Lopatin, Aldo Maggioni, Benedetta Matrone, Marco Metra, Katharine Noonan, Ileana Pina, Eva Prescott, Giuseppe Rosano, Petar M. Seferovic, Karen Sliwa, Simon Stewart, Alicia Uijl, Ilonca Vaartjes, Roel Vermeulen, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Maurizio Volterrani, Stephan von Haehling, Arno Hoes, Cardiologie, MUMC+: MA Med Staf Spec Cardiologie (9), and RS: Carim - H02 Cardiomyopathy
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Arterial hypertension ,Diabetes mellitus ,Epidemiology ,Heart failure ,Population attributable risks ,Prevention ,Consensus ,Humans ,Patient Readmission ,Risk Factors ,Cardiology ,Heart Failure ,ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION ,Settore MED/11 - Malattie dell'Apparato Cardiovascolare ,BLOOD-PRESSURE ,CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES ,LEFT-VENTRICULAR FUNCTION ,OLDER-ADULTS ,SLEEP-APNEA ,PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION ,DIABETES-MELLITUS ,LONG-TERM EXPOSURE ,CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE ,RISK-FACTORS ,LIFE-STYLE ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
The heart failure epidemic is growing and its prevention, in order to reduce associated hospital readmission rates and its clinical and economic burden, is a key issue in modern cardiovascular medicine. The present consensus document aims to provide practical evidence-based information to support the implementation of effective preventive measures. After reviewing the most common risk factors, an overview of the population attributable risks in different continents is presented, to identify potentially effective opportunities for prevention and to inform preventive strategies. Finally, potential interventions that have been proposed and have been shown to be effective in preventing HF are listed.
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- 2022
148. Preventing heart failure: a position paper of the Heart Failure Association in collaboration with the European Association of Preventive Cardiology
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Arterial hypertension ,Diabetes mellitus ,Epidemiology ,Prevention ,Heart failure ,Population attributable risks - Published
- 2022
149. Agreement between web-based and paper versions of a socio-demographic questionnaire in the NutriNet-Santé study
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Vergnaud, Anne-Claire, Touvier, Mathilde, Méjean, Caroline, Kesse-Guyot, Emmanuelle, Pollet, Clothilde, Malon, Aurélie, Castetbon, Katia, and Hercberg, Serge
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- 2011
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150. Diagnosis and management of lipoedema – a review paper
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Adrian Kuś, Michał Obel, Adrianna Gorecka, Małgorzata Szypłowska, and Bartłomiej Zaremba
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medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,lymphoedema ,lipolymphoedema ,Lipoedema ,Physical examination ,Disease ,medicine.disease ,Education ,Lymphedema ,GV557-1198.995 ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Etiology ,Medicine ,Medical history ,lipoedema ,Differential diagnosis ,business ,Intensive care medicine ,Sports - Abstract
Szypłowska Małgorzata, Gorecka Adrianna, Kuś Adrian, Zaremba Bartłomiej, Obel Michał. Diagnosis and management of lipoedema – a review paper. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2020;10(9):494‑499. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.09.059 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2020.10.09.059 https://zenodo.org/record/4042181 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2020; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 15.09.2020. Revised: 21.09.2020. Accepted: 22.09.2020. Diagnosis and management of lipoedema – a review paper Małgorzata Szypłowska1, Adrianna Gorecka1, Adrian Kuś1, Bartłomiej Zaremba1, Michał Obel2 1Student Research Circle at the Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin 2Student Research Circle at the Department of Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin Supervisor: PhD Halina Piecewicz-Szczęsna3 3Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Research Methodology, Medical University of Lublin Corresponding author: malgorzata.szyplowska@gmail.com Abstract Lipoedema is a chronic progressive disorder of adipose tissue leading to an enlargement of lower extremities. It is considered to be rare; however, the prevalence of the disease is underestimated because it is commonly misdiagnosed as obesity or lymphedema and the general awareness is poor. The etiology of the disorder is considered to be multifarious, including genetic inheritance, hormonal imbalance and microcirculation alterations. Diagnosis is mainly based on medical history and physical examination. Management of lipoedema is focused on reducing the symptoms, improving the quality of life and preventing further progression of the disease. The aim of this paper is to raise the awareness of the disease and provide appropriate clinical guidance for the assessment of lipoedema. We searched through the PubMed/MEDLINE database and took into consideration all of the results available as of 6 September, 2020 and outlined the current evidence regarding lipoedema epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and management. Better understanding of lipoedema is crucial for establishing an early diagnosis and a proper treatment, which in turn will reduce the psychological and physical implications associated with the disease. Key words: lipoedema, lymphoedema, lipolymphoedema
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- 2020
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