Search

Showing total 10 results
Start Over Search Limiters Full Text Topic fungi
10 results

1. Direct fungal fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass into itaconic, fumaric, and malic acids: current and future prospects.

Author

Mondala AH

Subjects
Carbohydrate Metabolism, Fungi cytology, Fungi growth & development, Hydrolysis, Biomass, Fermentation, Fumarates metabolism, Fungi metabolism, Lignin metabolism, Malates metabolism, Succinates metabolism
Abstract

Various economic and environmental sustainability concerns as well as consumer preference for bio-based products from natural sources have paved the way for the development and expansion of biorefining technologies. These involve the conversion of renewable biomass feedstock to fuels and chemicals using biological systems as alternatives to petroleum-based products. Filamentous fungi possess an expansive portfolio of products including the multifunctional organic acids itaconic, fumaric, and malic acids that have wide-ranging current applications and potentially addressable markets as platform chemicals. However, current bioprocessing technologies for the production of these compounds are mostly based on submerged fermentation, which necessitates physicochemical pretreatment and hydrolysis of lignocellulose biomass to soluble fermentable sugars in liquid media. This review will focus on current research work on fungal production of itaconic, fumaric, and malic acids and perspectives on the potential application of solid-state fungal cultivation techniques for the consolidated hydrolysis and organic acid fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Glucosylceramides are critical for cell‐type differentiation and organogenesis, but not for cell viability in Arabidopsis

Author

Amanda M. Bradley, Joseph Msanne, Kathrin Schrick, Kyle D. Luttgeharm, Janet M. Paper, Rebecca E. Cahoon, Ming Chen, Edgar B. Cahoon, Daniel L. Boyle, and Elizabeth S. Mays

Subjects
Ceramide, biology, Cell Survival, Cellular differentiation, fungi, Mutant, Arabidopsis, Cell Differentiation, Organogenesis, Cell Biology, Plant Science, Golgi apparatus, Glucosylceramides, biology.organism_classification, Plant cell, Article, Cell biology, symbols.namesake, chemistry.chemical_compound, Biochemistry, chemistry, Genetics, symbols, Endomembrane system
Abstract

Glucosylceramides (GlcCer), glucose-conjugated sphingolipids, are major components of the endomembrane system and plasma membrane in most eukaryotic cells. Yet the quantitative significance and cellular functions of GlcCer are not well characterized in plants and other multi-organ eukaryotes. To address this, we examined Arabidopsis lines that were lacking or deficient in GlcCer by insertional disruption or by RNA interference (RNAi) suppression of the single gene for GlcCer synthase (GCS, At2g19880), the enzyme that catalyzes GlcCer synthesis. Null mutants for GCS (designated 'gcs-1') were viable as seedlings, albeit strongly reduced in size, and failed to develop beyond the seedling stage. Heterozygous plants harboring the insertion allele exhibited reduced transmission through the male gametophyte. Undifferentiated calli generated from gcs-1 seedlings and lacking GlcCer proliferated in a manner similar to calli from wild-type plants. However, gcs-1 calli, in contrast to wild-type calli, were unable to develop organs on differentiation media. Consistent with a role for GlcCer in organ-specific cell differentiation, calli from gcs-1 mutants formed roots and leaves on media supplemented with the glucosylated sphingosine glucopsychosine, which was readily converted to GlcCer independent of GCS. Underlying these phenotypes, gcs-1 cells had altered Golgi morphology and fewer cisternae per Golgi apparatus relative to wild-type cells, indicative of protein trafficking defects. Despite seedling lethality in the null mutant, GCS RNAi suppression lines with ≤2% of wild-type GlcCer levels were viable and fertile. Collectively, these results indicate that GlcCer are essential for cell-type differentiation and organogenesis, and plant cells produce amounts of GlcCer in excess of that required for normal development.

Published
2015

3. Bioorthogonal click chemistry for fluorescence imaging of choline phospholipids in plants

Author

Kathrin Schrick, Janet M. Paper, and Thiya Mukherjee

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Cell signaling, Arabidopsis thaliana, Membrane lipids, Phospholipid, Fluorescence labeling, Plant Science, lcsh:Plant culture, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Phosphatidylcholine, Genetics, Propargylcholine, Choline, lcsh:SB1-1110, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Phospholipids, Alexa Fluor, Click chemistry, fungi, Methodology, food and beverages, Plant cell, ESI-MS/MS, 030104 developmental biology, Membrane, lcsh:Biology (General), chemistry, Biochemistry, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), 010606 plant biology & botany, Biotechnology
Abstract

Background Phospholipids are important structural and signaling molecules in plant membranes. Some fluorescent dyes can stain general lipids of membranes, but labeling and visualization of specific lipid classes have yet to be developed for most components of the membrane. New techniques for visualizing membrane lipids are needed to further delineate their dynamic structural and signaling roles in plant cells. In this study we examined whether propargylcholine, a bioortholog of choline, can be used to label the major membrane lipid, phosphatidylcholine, and other choline phospholipids in plants. We established that propargylcholine is readily taken up by roots, and that its incorporation is not detrimental to plant growth. After plant tissue is harvested and fixed, a click-chemistry reaction covalently links the alkyne group of propargylcholine to a fluorescently-tagged azide, resulting in specific labeling of choline phospholipids. Results Uptake of propargylcholine, followed by click chemistry with fluorescein or Alexa Fluor 594 azide was used to visualize choline phospholipids in cells of root, leaf, stem, silique and seed tissues from Arabidopsis thaliana. Co-localization with various subcellular markers indicated coinciding fluorescent signals in cell membranes, such as the tonoplast and the ER. Among different cell types in the leaf epidermis, guard cells displayed strong labeling. Mass spectrometry-based lipidomic analysis of the various plant tissues revealed that incorporation of propargylcholine was strongest in roots with approximately 50% of total choline phospholipids being labeled, but it was also incorporated in the other tissues including seeds. Phospholipid profiling confirmed that, in each tissue analyzed, incorporation of the bioortholog had little impact on the pool of choline plus choline-like phospholipids or other lipid species. Conclusion We developed and validated a click-chemistry based method for fluorescence imaging of choline phospholipids using a bioortholog of choline, propargylcholine, in various cell-types and tissues from Arabidopsis. This click-chemistry method provides a direct way to metabolically tag and visualize specific lipid molecules in plant cells. This work paves the way for future studies addressing in situ localization of specific lipids in plants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13007-018-0299-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2018

4. Zika virus enhances monocyte adhesion and transmigration favoring viral dissemination to neural cells

Author

Emma Partiot, Nilda Vanesa Ayala-Nunez, Jacky G. Goetz, Gautier Follain, Judith R.E. Roels, Anita Eckly, Béatrice Uring-Lambert, Maxime Chazal, Raphael Gaudin, Gillian Hale, Frank M. J. Jacobs, Sandrine Bourdoulous, Orestis Faklaris, Sherif R. Zaki, Aurélie Hirschler, Nolwenn Jouvenet, Margot Carocci, Florian Bakoa, Sarah Cianférani, Christine Carapito, Frédéric Doussau, Brigid C. Bollweg, François Delalande, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Immuno-Rhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Département Sciences Analytiques et Interactions Ioniques et Biomoléculaires (DSA-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA)-Center for Neurosciences, Génomique virale et vaccination, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), BioCampus Montpellier (BCM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie et pharmacologie des plaquettes sanguines: hémostase, thrombose, transfusion, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work has received funding from the French State via the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the program Investissements d’avenir (IdEx Université de Strasbourg) to RG. This work was supported by an ATIP-AVENIR starting grant to RG. The research leading to these results has received funding from the People Program (Marie Curie Actions) of the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007–2013) under REA grant agreement no. PCOFUND-GA-2013-609102, through the PRESTIGE program coordinated by Campus France, and from the French Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (ANRS), both attributed to NVAN. Experiments conducted by G.F. and J.G.G. were funded by Plan Cancer (OptoMetaTrap), Ligue contre le Cancer, Idex Attractivités (University of Strasbourg), and by institutional funds from INSERM and University of Strasbourg. G.F. was supported by a doctoral fellowship from Ligue Contre le Cancer. Mass spectrometry experiments were supported by the French Proteomic Infrastructure (ProFI, ANR-10-INBS-08-03). F.B. is a recipient of a PhD grant provided by ANRT (Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie). N.J. is funded by Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR-16-CE15-0025-01), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur. CDC contributions to this paper written and edited by G.L.H. and B.C.B. in their private capacity. No official support or endorsement by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Health and Human Services is intended, nor should be inferred. All authors read, provided feedback, and approved the paper. The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The following reagent was obtained through the NIH AIDS Reagent Program, Division of AIDS, NIAID, NIH: HIV-1 NL4-3 AD8 Infectious Molecular Clone (pNL(AD8)) from Dr. Eric O. Freed (cat# 11346)., ANR-16-CE15-0025,Viro-Storm,Mécanismes de production incontrôlée de cytokines au cours de l'infection virale(2016), European Project: 609102,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-COFUND,PRESTIGE(2014), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), BioCampus (BCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EFS-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), jouvenet, nolwenn, Mécanismes de production incontrôlée de cytokines au cours de l'infection virale - - Viro-Storm2016 - ANR-16-CE15-0025 - AAPG2016 - VALID, PRES Towards International Gain of Excellence - PRESTIGE - - EC:FP7:PEOPLE2014-09-01 - 2019-08-31 - 609102 - VALID, Equipe Direction scientifique, Sciences et Technologies de la Musique et du Son (STMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IRCAM-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IRCAM-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Neuro-Immunologie Virale, Virologie UMR1161 (VIRO), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moléculaire (LPQM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-École normale supérieure - Cachan (ENS Cachan), Biologie et pharmacologie des plaquettes sanguines: hémostase, thrombose, transfusion (http://www.u949.inserm.fr/), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-EFS, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Département des Sciences Analytiques, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg, France (LSMBO-DSA-IPHC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Immunorhumathologie moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Molecular Neuroscience (SILS, FNWI)

Subjects
Central Nervous System, 0301 basic medicine, MESH: Neurons, General Physics and Astronomy, MESH: Organoids, MESH: Monocytes, Monocytes, Zika virus, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration, Cerebellum, MESH: Animals, lcsh:Science, MESH: Embryonic Stem Cells, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Zebrafish, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Neurons, Multidisciplinary, Zika Virus Infection, Cell adhesion molecule, food and beverages, Sciences du Vivant [q-bio]/Microbiologie et Parasitologie, Phenotype, 3. Good health, Cell biology, Organoids, Mechanisms of disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, MESH: Cell Survival, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, Endothelium, Cell Survival, Science, MESH: Zika Virus, Biology, MESH: Endothelium, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Virus, MESH: Cell Adhesion, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: Central Nervous System, Cellular microbiology, Cell adhesion, MESH: Zebrafish, Embryonic Stem Cells, MESH: Humans, Monocyte, fungi, Transendothelial and Transepithelial Migration, Zika Virus, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Embryonic stem cell, MESH: Cerebellum, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Q, MESH: Disease Models, Animal, Cell Adhesion Molecules, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Zika virus (ZIKV) invades and persists in the central nervous system (CNS), causing severe neurological diseases. However the virus journey, from the bloodstream to tissues through a mature endothelium, remains unclear. Here, we show that ZIKV-infected monocytes represent suitable carriers for viral dissemination to the CNS using human primary monocytes, cerebral organoids derived from embryonic stem cells, organotypic mouse cerebellar slices, a xenotypic human-zebrafish model, and human fetus brain samples. We find that ZIKV-exposed monocytes exhibit higher expression of adhesion molecules, and higher abilities to attach onto the vessel wall and transmigrate across endothelia. This phenotype is associated to enhanced monocyte-mediated ZIKV dissemination to neural cells. Together, our data show that ZIKV manipulates the monocyte adhesive properties and enhances monocyte transmigration and viral dissemination to neural cells. Monocyte transmigration may represent an important mechanism required for viral tissue invasion and persistence that could be specifically targeted for therapeutic intervention., Zika virus (ZIKV) can infect the central nervous system, but it is not clear how it reaches the brain. Here, Ayala-Nunez et al. show in ex vivo and in vivo models that ZIKV can hitch a ride in monocytes in a Trojan Horse manner to cross the endothelium and disseminate the virus.

Published
2019

6. Développement larvaire et production de pupes d’Aedes aegypti dans le système d’élevage de masse de la FAO/AIEA et facteurs influençant l’efficacité de la séparation des sexes

Author

Jérémy Bouyer, Hanano Yamada, Nanwintoum Séverin Bimbilé Somda, Wadaka Mamai, Anna Konczal, Hamidou Maiga, Thomas Wallner, Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IPC laboratory), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement [Yaoundé] (IRAD), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Bobo Dioulasso (INSSA), Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), Laboratoire d'Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo [Ouagadougou] (UJZK), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), The research presented in this paper was partially funded by the United States of America under the grant to the IAEA entitled: Surge expansion for the sterile insect technique to control mosquito populations that transmit the Zika virus and by the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 682387-REVOLINC)., and European Project: 682387,REVOLINC

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Integrated pest management, Stade de développement animal, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Larve, pupal production, Toxicology, Sterile insect technique, Aedes aegypti, 0302 clinical medicine, vectors, Aedes, Fay-Morlan glass plate separator, fay–morlan glass plate separator, Larva, élevage d’insectes, biology, Lâcher d'insectes stériles, Pupa, Contamination, Infectious Diseases, Tray, Female, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, Research Article, animal structures, Séparateur, Veterinary (miscellaneous), 030231 tropical medicine, sterile insect technique, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Animals, lcsh:RC109-216, Pupe, female contamination, mosquitoes, fungi, biology.organism_classification, pupal stage [EN], 030104 developmental biology, Insect Science, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, Production animale, Pest Control, Sex sorting, Entomology
Abstract

The production of a large number of mosquitoes of high biological qualities and reliable sex sorting before release are key challenges when applying the sterile insect technique as part of an area-wide integrated pest management approach. There is a need to fully evaluate the production capacity of the equipment developed in order to plan and maintain a daily production level for large-scale operational release activities. This study aimed to evaluate the potential use of the FAO/IAEA larval rearing unit for Aedes aegypti and the subsequent female contamination rate after sex sorting with a Fay-Morlan glass separator. Trays from each rack were tilted and their contents sorted either for each individual tray or after mixing the content of all trays from the rack. The pupal production and the female contamination rate were estimated with respect to day of collection, position of the tray, type of pupae collection, and sorting operator. Results showed significant daily variability of pupal production and female contamination rate, with a high male pupal production level achieved on the second day of collection and estimated female contamination of male pupae reached around 1%. Neither tray position nor type of pupae collection affected the pupal production and female contamination rate. However, the operator had a significant effect on the female contamination rate. These results highlight the need to optimize pupal production at early days of collection and to develop a more effective and automated method of sex separation.Développement larvaire et production de pupes d’Aedes aegypti dans le système d’élevage de masse de la FAO/AIEA et facteurs influençant l’efficacité de la séparation des sexes.La production d’un grand nombre de moustiques de haute qualité biologique et le tri des sexes avant les lâchers sont des défis clés lors de l’application de la technique des insectes stériles, dans le cadre d’une approche de lutte intégrée contre les ravageurs à l’échelle d’une zone. Il est nécessaire d’évaluer pleinement la capacité de production des équipements développés afin de planifier et de maintenir un niveau de production quotidien pour les activités de libération opérationnelle à grande échelle. Cette étude visait à évaluer l’utilisation potentielle de l’unité d’élevage larvaire FAO/AIEA pour Aedes aegypti et le taux de contamination par des femelles après le tri sexuel avec un séparateur en verre Fay–Morlan. Les plateaux de chaque rack ont été inclinés et leur contenu trié soit pour chaque plateau, soit après avoir mélangé le contenu de tous les plateaux du rack. La production de pupes et le taux de contamination par des femelles ont été estimés en fonction du jour de collecte, de la position du bac, du type de collecte des pupes et de l’opérateur du tri. Les résultats ont montré une variabilité quotidienne significative de la production de pupes et du taux de contamination par des femelles, avec un niveau élevé de production de pupes mâles atteint le deuxième jour de collecte et la contamination estimée des pupes mâles par des femelles a atteint environ 1 %. Ni la position du plateau ni le type de collecte des pupes n’ont affecté la production de pupes et le taux de contamination par des femelles. Cependant, l’opérateur avait un effet significatif sur le taux de contamination par les femelles. Ces résultats mettent en évidence la nécessité d’optimiser la production des pupes dès les premiers jours de la collecte et de développer une méthode de séparation des sexes plus efficace et automatisée.

Published
2020

7. Larval nutritional stress affects vector life history traits and human malaria transmission

Author

Thierry Lefèvre, Amélie Vantaux, Anna Cohuet, Olivier Roux, Benjamin Roche, Kounbobr Roch Dabiré, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), CNRST, Transmission-Interactions-Adaptations hôtes/vecteurs/pathogènes (MIVEGEC-TRIAD), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) / Centre Muraz, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Diversity, ecology, evolution & Adaptation of arthropod vectors (MIVEGEC-DEEVA), This study was funded by the ANR grant 11-PDOC-006-01 to TL., We would like to thank all of the children and their parents who participated in this study, as well as the local authorities for their support, and Andrea Yockey-Dejean for proofreading the paper. We are very grateful to the IRSS staff in Burkina Faso for technical assistance., and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plasmodium falciparum, Zoology, Insect, MESH: Insect Vectors, Biology, Article, law.invention, Life history theory, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Plasmodium falciparum/growth & development, law, Stress, Physiological, Anopheles, parasitic diseases, medicine, Gametocyte, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, MESH: Stress, Physiological, Life History Traits, media_common, Larva, Multidisciplinary, MESH: Humans, MESH: Life History Traits, MESH: Anopheles/parasitology, Ecology, fungi, MESH: Anopheles/growth & development, medicine.disease, Fecundity, 3. Good health, Insect Vectors, Malaria, MESH: Larva/parasitology, MESH: Malaria/transmission, 030104 developmental biology, Transmission (mechanics), MESH: Larva/growth & development, Vector (epidemiology), Female, MESH: Female
Abstract

Exposure to stress during an insect’s larval development can have carry-over effects on adult life history traits and susceptibility to pathogens. We investigated the effects of larval nutritional stress for the first time using field mosquito vectors and malaria parasites. In contrast to previous studies, we show that larval nutritional stress may affect human to mosquito transmission antagonistically: nutritionally deprived larvae showed lower parasite prevalence for only one gametocyte carrier; they also had lower fecundity. However, they had greater survival rates that were even higher when infected. When combining these opposing effects into epidemiological models, we show that larval nutritional stress induced a decrease in malaria transmission at low mosquito densities and an increase in transmission at high mosquito densities, whereas transmission by mosquitoes from well-fed larvae was stable. Our work underscores the importance of including environmental stressors towards understanding host–parasite dynamics to improve disease transmission models and control.

Published
2016

8. Evidence for carry-over effects of predator exposure on pathogen transmission potential

Author

Thierry Lefèvre, Koudraogo B. Yameogo, Kounbobr Roch Dabiré, Frédéric Simard, Olivier Roux, Abdoulaye Diabaté, Benjamin Roche, Amélie Vantaux, Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), CNRST, Diversity, ecology, evolution & Adaptation of arthropod vectors (MIVEGEC-DEEVA), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), Transmission-Interactions-Adaptations hôtes/vecteurs/pathogènes (MIVEGEC-TRIAD), O.R. received financial support through a post-doctoral fellowship from the IRD. Experimental infections were supported by the ANR grant no. 11-PDOC-006-01., and We thank the Associate Editor Dr Pejman Rohani and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments that greatly improved the manuscript. We thank Boubacar Nikiema for the RFLP-PCR, Jean Bazié and Raymond Hien for technical help with dissections and Andrea Yockey-Dejean for proofreading the paper.

Subjects
Male, life history, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Predation, Food chain, MESH: Malaria, Falciparum/transmission, MESH: Animals, Malaria, Falciparum, Life history, Predator, Pathogen, Research Articles, General Environmental Science, media_common, Ecology, Transmission potential, Longevity, General Medicine, Anopheles coluzzii, 3. Good health, carry-over effects, MESH: Larva/growth & development, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Anopheles/physiology, MESH: Longevity, Larva, Female, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Food Chain, media_common.quotation_subject, Plasmodium falciparum, MESH: Insect Vectors, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Competition (biology), MESH: Predatory Behavior, Heteroptera, MESH: Plasmodium falciparum/growth & development, Anopheles, parasitic diseases, Animals, Humans, MESH: Food Chain, host-parasite and predator-prey, MESH: Humans, General Immunology and Microbiology, fungi, MESH: Anopheles/growth & development, MESH: Heteroptera/physiology, MESH: Fertility, interactions, host–parasite and predator–prey interactions, MESH: Male, Insect Vectors, non-consumptive effects, MESH: Larva/physiology, Fertility, Predatory Behavior, MESH: Female
Abstract

Accumulating evidence indicates that species interactions such as competition and predation can indirectly alter interactions with other community members, including parasites. For example, presence of predators can induce behavioural defences in the prey, resulting in a change in susceptibility to parasites. Such predator-induced phenotypic changes may be especially pervasive in prey with discrete larval and adult stages, for which exposure to predators during larval development can have strong carry-over effects on adult phenotypes. To the best of our knowledge, no study to date has examined possible carry-over effects of predator exposure on pathogen transmission. We addressed this question using a natural food web consisting of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum , the mosquito vector Anopheles coluzzii and a backswimmer, an aquatic predator of mosquito larvae. Although predator exposure did not significantly alter mosquito susceptibility to P. falciparum , it incurred strong fitness costs on other key mosquito life-history traits, including larval development, adult size, fecundity and longevity. Using an epidemiological model, we show that larval predator exposure should overall significantly decrease malaria transmission. These results highlight the importance of taking into account the effect of environmental stressors on disease ecology and epidemiology.

Published
2015

9. Comparison of the Effects of Two Herbicides and an Insecticide on Tropical Freshwater Plankton in Microcosms

Author

Philippe Cecchi, Laurence Amalric, Christophe Leboulanger, G. Sarazin, Agnès Bouchez, Marc Bouvy, Marc Pagano, Claire Carré, Ecosystèmes lagunaires : organisation biologique et fonctionnement (ECOLAG), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géochimie des Eaux (LGE), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Cyanobactéries des milieux aquatiques tropicaux peu profonds. Rôles et contrôles (CYROCO), This paper is a contribution to the ECOMET project, funded by the French Ministry of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development, and Sea (MEEDDM), grant no. CV070000783. The authors would like to thank the Forestry and Agriculture Office at Mamoudzou (DAF Mayotte) and SOGEA-Mayotte for their help with fieldwork. We are grateful to the staff of the Gite du Mont Combani for their support during our stay. Anonymous referees are acknowledged for improvement of an earlier version of the manuscript., and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Paraquat, 0106 biological sciences, Insecticides, Food Chain, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, Fenitrothion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Phytoplankton, Animals, Biomass, Mozambique, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Herbicides, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, General Medicine, Bacterioplankton, Plankton, Pesticide, environmental monitoring/analysis, Pollution, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 6. Clean water, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Diuron, Environmental chemistry, environmental sciences and ecology, Microcosm, natural plankton communities, tropical freshwater reservoir, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring, toxicology
Abstract

International audience; Natural plankton communities from a tropical freshwater reservoir (Combani Reservoir, Mayotte Island, Mozambique Channel) were exposed, in 20-l nutrient-enriched microcosms, to two nominal concentrations of three pesticides: the herbicides diuron (2.2 and 11 mu g/l) and paraquat (10 and 40.5 mu g/l) and the insecticide fenitrothion (10 and 100 mu g/l), commonly used in the tropics for agriculture and disease vector control. Bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, and zooplankton communities were monitored for 5 days after exposure, and the concentrations of toxicant and major nutrients were measured. Bacterioplankton growth was noticeable in all systems and was slightly affected by pesticide at any concentration. A transitory increase in thymidine-based bacterial production was observed in diuron- and fenitrothion-treated microcosms, followed by a marked decrease in all microcosms after 5 days. The functional diversity of bacterioplankton, evaluated using BIOLOG ECO (R) microplates, was reduced by exposure to the highest pesticide concentrations. Phytoplankton was affected by pesticides in different ways. Chlorophyll biomass and biovolumes were increased by diuron addition and decreased by paraquat, whereas fenitrothion-treated microcosms remained unaffected relative to controls. Phytoplankton taxonomic diversity was decreased by paraquat and high doses of fenitrothion but was unaffected by addition of diuron. The decrease in diversity was due to a reduction in the number of species, whereas the density of small cells increased, especially after addition of paraquat. Heterotrophic flagellates were sensitive to paraquat and to the highest diuron concentration; a reduction in biomass of up to 90% was observed for 40.5 mu g/l paraquat. Zooplankton, dominated by Thermocyclops decipiens and Diaphanosoma excisum, was slightly sensitive to diuron, and very sensitive to paraquat. High concentrations of the insecticide fenitrothion were effective only on young stages. The potential direct and indirect effects of pesticide contamination on such a simplified plankton food web, typical of newly constructed reservoirs, appear to differ significantly depending on the biological compartment considered. The overall sensitivity of tropical plankton is comparable to the sensitivity for temperate systems, and direct and indirect effects appeared rapidly, within 5 days of exposure.

Published
2011

10. Adult mosquito predation and potential impact on the sterile insect technique

Author

Bimbilé Somda, Nanwintoum, Maïga, Hamidou, Mamai, Wadaka, Bakhoum, Thierno, Wallner, Thomas, Poda, Serge, Yamada, Hanano, Bimbilé Somda, Nanwintoum Séverin, Poda, Serge Bèwadéyir, Bouyer, Jérémy, Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IPC laboratory), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO)-International Atomic Energy Agency [Vienna] (IAEA), Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé Bobo Dioulasso (INSSA), Université Polytechnique Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso (UNB), Université Norbert ZONGO de Koudougou, Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement [Yaoundé] (IRAD), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), The research presented in this paper was partially funded by the United States of America under the grant to the IAEA entitled: Surge expansion for the sterile insect technique to control mosquito populations that transmit the Zika virus and by the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 682387-REVOLINC)., and European Project: 682387,REVOLINC

Subjects
[SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Mosquito Control, Mantodea, Aedes aegypti, Aedes, Animals, Traitement, Multidisciplinary, Lutte anti-insecte, fungi, Lâcher d'insectes stériles, Lizards, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles arabiensis, Predatory Behavior, Prédation, Irradiation, L20 - Écologie animale, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux
Abstract

The sterile insect technique is a promising environmentally friendly method for mosquito control. This technique involves releasing laboratory-produced sterile males into a target field site, and its effectiveness may be affected by the extent of adult mosquito predation. Sterile males undergo several treatments. Therefore, it is vital to understand which treatments are essential in minimizing risks to predation once released. The present study investigates the predation propensity of four mantis species (Phyllocrania paradoxa, Hymenopus coronatus, Blepharopsis mendica, Deroplatys desiccata) and two gecko species (Phelsuma standingi, P. laticauda) on adult Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes in a laboratory setting. First, any inherent predation preferences regarding mosquito species and sex were evaluated. Subsequently, the effects of chilling, marking, and irradiation, on predation rates were assessed. The selected predators effectively preyed on all mosquito species regardless of the treatment. Predation propensity varied over days for the same individuals and between predator individuals. Overall, there was no impact of laboratory treatments of sterile males on the relative risk of predation by the test predators, unless purposely exposed to double the required sterilizing irradiation dose. Further investigations on standardized predation trials may lead to additional quality control tools for irradiated mosquitoes.

Full Text
View/download PDF