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Background: The practices of transnational corporations (TNCs) affect population health through unhealthy products, shaping social determinants of health, or influencing the regulatory structures governing their activities. There has been limited research on community exposures to TNC policies and practices. The aim of this paper was to adapt existing Health Impact Assessment methods that were previously used for both a fast food and an extractives industry corporation in order to assess Carlton and United Breweries (CUB) operations within Australia. CUB is an Australian alcohol company owned by a large transnational corporation Asahi Group Holdings. Data identifying potential impacts were sourced through document analysis, including corporate literature; media analysis, and 12 semi-structured interviews. The data were mapped against a corporate health impact assessment framework which included CUB's political and business practices; products and marketing; workforce, social, environmental and economic conditions; and consumers' adverse health impacts. We also conducted an ecological study for estimating alcohol attributable fractions and burdens of death due to congestive heart disease, diabetes mellitus, stroke, breast cancer, bowel cancer and injury in Australia. Beer attributable fractions and deaths and CUB's share were also estimated.Results: We found both positive and adverse findings of the corporation's operations across all domains. CUB engage in a range of business practices which benefit the community, including sustainability goals and corporate philanthropy, but also negative aspects including from taxation arrangements, marketing practices, and political donations and lobbying which are enabled by a neoliberal regulatory environment. We found adverse health impacts including from fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and violence and aggression which disproportionately affect Indigenous and other disadvantaged populations.Conclusion: Our research indicates that studying a TNC in a rapidly changing global financialised capitalist economy in a world which is increasingly being managed by TNCs poses methodological and conceptual challenges. It highlights the need and opportunity for future research. The different methods revealed sufficient information to recognise that strong regulatory frameworks are needed to help to avoid or to mediate negative health impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the current globalisation and complexity of today’s business environment, there are increasing concerns on the role of business ethics. Using culture and religion as the determinants, this paper presents a cross-national study of attitudes toward business ethics among three countries: Australia, Singapore and Hong Kong. The results of this paper have shown the attitudes toward business ethics to be significantly different among the three countries. It was also found that respondents who practised their religion tend to consider themselves more ethically minded than those who do not. Additional findings on gender have also revealed significant differences between the males and females for respondents in Singapore and Australia. Males are generally considered more ethical than females across the three countries studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the extent to which important changes in Australian family law over the previous 15 years have been influenced by international treaties. This informs a wider study into the international influences on Australian statute law as a result of globalisation.1 Examined as part of this enquiry are three significant legislative changes to Australian family law during the previous 15 years, namely, the introduction of a substantially shared parenting regime in 2006, the strengthening of measures to improve protection for women and children from domestic violence in 2011, and the legalisation of same-sex marriage in Australia in 2017. It is argued that whilst international treaties have had a robust influence on these important changes in Australian family law, perhaps the most important factor driving these changes has been strong support for each relevant change from the Australian community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Commercial diplomacy has been of interest to researchers in the context of export development due to the many empirical studies indicating that the international economic integrations provide more growth and employment for the governments and internationalization for the enterprises. Unlike the strict and/or regional economic integrations, MIKTA was created as an informal and cross-regional group of 'middle powers' bringing together Mexico, Indonesia, the Republic of Korea, Turkey, and Australia in 2013. Being distant apart from each other geographically and having many differences besides their similarities, each of the member states is considered influential in their regions and of high importance for the paradigm shift to a new world order. This paper aims to figure out if MIKTA has been utilized as a powerful advocate for enhancing exports of the member states while also resuming sustainable economic growth. For this reason, it is analyzed to what extent the members' exports were and have become sophisticated, meaning capital intensive or labour intensive, over the past 20 years and how the members' economic growth rates were contributed. For the analysis, PRODY and EXPY indices are calculated representing the sophistication levels of, respectively, product groups and the total exports of the states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- Perceived differences in the composition of goods and services forms the basis of a significant degree of analysis of the firm internationalisation process. In particular, product inseparability is highlighted as a distinguishing feature of service offerings and purports to explain the different approaches to internationalisation strategy adopted by service firms. The research, however, proposes that the division of goods and services into distinct products is outmoded. Rather, it is important to understand the extent of service components that embody, or are embedded in, a product offering. The authors argue that this "service embeddedness" influences the process by which a firm internationalises. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach -- Based on ten case studies of Australian international firms, this paper examines the impact of service embeddedness on a firm's internationalisation process. Findings -- The research underlines that firms approach internationalisation with a view of ensuring that the various activities that combine to form their product offering are available to their international clients. Research limitations/implications -- From an academic perspective, a dichotomous approach to products (good or service) underestimates the role that embedded services have on a firm's internationalisation process. The research, therefore, has implications for researchers and practitioners as it highlights the importance of delivering products internationally that comprise of both good and embedded service components. Originality/value -- The research develops a deeper understanding of the extent and nature of separability within individual product categories from international production and operations perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is undeniable that in the era of globalisation, the young adults' world is becoming ever fluid and expandable. For the young adult of minority descent, the challenges are made more complex given the contestation with the majority culture of the land. This paper investigates the contestation of marginalization by a Muslim young adult in multi-ethnic, multi-cultural Australia as portrayed in Randa Abdel-Fattah's second novel entitled Ten Things I Hate About Me. The paper discusses two fundamental identity spaces within the discourse of multiculturalism - private and public, and examines how the social, cultural and religious spaces inhabited by the young adult minority protagonist influence her in the formation of her identity as a member of a minority community in a predominantly white majority society. Pitted as the 'minority within' for the marginalization that the protagonist feels within her immediate family circle, the experience of the young adult minority, as this paper suggests, is ever complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides some insight into the asymmetric effects of stock market volatility transmission using weekly stock market return data (January 1992-June 2010) of four countries, namely, Australia, Singapore, the United Kingdom and the United States within a MGARCH (multivariate generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity) framework. Our results indicate that negative shocks in each market play a more important role in increasing both volatility and covolatilities than positive shocks. In addition, as expected, we identified that all markets (particularly Australia and Singapore) exhibit significant positive mean and volatility spillovers from the US stock market returns, but not the other way around. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scholars studying the globalization of Australian trees have previously emphasized the rapid natural propagation of Australian trees outside of their native habitats, believing their success to be a reversal of 'ecological imperialism' from the 'new world' to the 'old world.' This article argues that the expansion of Australian trees should not be viewed as a biological phenomenon, but as the result of a long-term attempt by powerful states and state-sponsored scientists to select and breed Australian species that could grow in a variety of climates and ecological conditions. Five non-biological factors largely determined the success of these attempts to grow Australian trees: the abundance or paucity of natural forests, state power, the amount of scientific research directed to planting Australian trees, the cost of labor, and the ability to utilize hardwood timbers and bark. This paper compares the use of Australian trees in Australia, India, and South Africa to demonstrate that biology was not the determining factor in the long-term success of many Australian genera and species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalisation presents particular challenges for deserts given that their sparse populations, which are amongst the world’s poorest in an absolute economic sense, tend to be remote from major markets and have only a distant, marginal voice in political and policy decision making. Here we are defining deserts as the arid and semi-arid drylands that encompass 70% of Australia and 25% of the world’s land surfaces. The value of the knowledge that local traditions and science have generated about living sustainably in deserts is being promoted and extended through the ‘desert knowledge’ movement in Australia. The Australian research reported here, together with a contribution from Niger that offers a contrast and some lessons for Australia, is largely underpinned by a neopopulist paradigm of development stressing respect for local knowledge, participatory practice and empowerment. Research in partnership with desert Aboriginal groups is contributing to their engagement with new livelihood opportunities. The local knowledge of livestock graziers is also being engaged to support sustainable management of desert water sources and landscapes for multiple values. The research reported here also addresses opportunities and challenges for local norms, identities, knowledge systems, governance and livelihoods from broader scale processes and institutions. In doing so it contributes to a ‘neo-ideographic approach’ wherein desert people might better harness their locality, knowledge and diversity in adaptations that shape their encounters with globalisation. It also points to considerable scope to mature such an approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This interpretive study of change in Australian book publishing, included a survey of book publishers and the conduct of 14 case studies in five categories of publisher: general trade, academic, professional, specialist and university. This paper reports in detail on the experience on one general trade publisher as it sought to face the challenges of globalization and of organizational and technological change. The major finding was that digitization is indeed, impacting on business models for book publishing, with current models comprising something of a hybrid between the traditional and the innovative. Reflecting the presence in Australia of similar trends and issues that are affecting book publishing around the world, the findings are of relevance both to book publishers and to researchers. The work is original in that relatively little recent academic research has been conducted into book publishing in Australia, particularly as regards the implications of digitization for business models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - This paper aims to provide a strategic analysis of how globalization has enabled Australian companies to transform the wine industry. Design/methodology/approach - The global wine industry is analyzed from two strategic management perspectives: Michael Porter's positioning concepts and the hypercompetitive framework of Richard D'Aveni with particular emphasis on the success of the Australian Yellow Tail brand. Findings - The forces of globalization have caused significant changes in a historically stable industry. The success of the Yellow Tail brand demonstrates how a focused strategy with the right product, distribution and marketing can cause significant industry disruptions. Overall, the D'Aveni framework of hypercompetition seems to best describe the impact of Australian wine companies, although the generic strategies of Michael Porter may still be applicable when considering the French industry. Research limitations/Implications - The focus is on using two strategic frameworks; there are others which could have been included. The example of Australian wine companies has been used to illustrate the changes in the overall market, but studying other "new world" wine producers such as Chile or Argentina may also add insight. Practical Implications - The paper provides an example of how the academic frameworks of strategic management can be applied to different industries and shows that dynamic forces of globalization can emerge from any comer of the world and cause dramatic economic change. Originality/value - This paper will be of interest to those studying the global dimensions of strategic management and its practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the Australian construction industry from an international viewpoint, providing an overview of the international construction industry, its market shares, differences in procurement procedures and the main contributors to international trade in construction services. Projects, finance, market size and competition structure of the international industry; Structure and environment of the Australian industry; International trade and trade theory; Conclusions.

Coles Myer is Australia's dominant retailing company, with an estimated market share of more than 20 percent of all retail sales in Australia. Its major businesses include Australia's largest department store chain, largest grocery-supermarket chain, and the largest discount chains. Target and Kmart. In addition, it is a major player in food and liquor retailing, office supplies, and apparel. Its 1999 sales were A$ 22 billion, with profits over A$ 400 million. The company began business in 1914, operating variety stores with low-priced goods and a money-back guarantee of satisfaction. After incorporation in 1921 as G. J. Coles & Co. Limited, it continued to operate variety stores until the end of the 1950s, when it branched into supermarket retailing. In 1969, Coles introduced the discount store concept into Australia through the establishment of the Kmart chain. In 1985, Coles acquired The Myer Emporium Limited, the largest department store operator in Australia, which also operated discount and specialty store chains. In 1986, the company changed its name to Coles Myer Ltd. From 1993, the company began to shift from a structure of largely independent retail operations to one retail company operating through a series of brands. The shared services concept was adopted widely across the business for administrative support and achieved many efficiencies and integration. The firm's e-business strategy developed rapidly. Stanley Wallis is chairman of Coles Myer, and of Amcor. formerly Australian Paper Manufacturers. Mr. Wallis joined Australian Paper Manufacturers in 1960 and progressed through positions of chief accountant, mill manager, and finance manager to become managing director in 1977. He led Amcor through a sustained period of profitable growth and internationalization and stepped down from his CEO role in 1996 to become chairman. Mr. Wallis's contribution to reform in Australia has been very significant, as chairman of the Inquiry into the Australian Financial System; as president of the Business Council of Australia, a group of 100 CEOs of Australia's biggest companies; and most recently as a major participant in the tax reform process. He has contributed to advancing management education in Australia, and serves as a chairman and director of a number of major business and educational institutions. He has a bachelor of commerce degree from the University of Melbourne. As one of Australia's most respected business leaders, he is particularly well-qualified to comment on the progress and challenges facing the business sector in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Health Policy & Planning is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Regional Science Policy & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Surprisingly little theoretical or empirical research is available on Auckland's actual functional and geographic connectivity, including developments relating to closer economic relations with Australia. This paper draws on the geography of accumulation literatures to argue that close attention must be given to developments in the three circuits of capital (trade, production and finance) if the changing character and contributions of globalising firm networks are to be discerned and understood. The empirical investigations show that for Australian owned firms globalising rather than purely Australasian networks are the norm, network complexity is considerable and that it makes sense to think of Auckland's economy in globalising terms. A globalising networks perspective means that estimates of the magnitude and assessments of the character of employment contributions of Australian owned firms to the Auckland economy reflects these interdependencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalisation and the rise of East Asia have accelerated the migration of Chinese populations across the Asia-Pacific rim. Ethnic Chinese populations from highly diverse sub-ethnic, socio-economic and political backgrounds are increasingly aggregated in major cities throughout the region. Nonetheless, there remains insufficient attention to the implications of greater economic interdependence and accelerated population movement upon the political cultures of host nations such as Australia, especially in the context of ensuing spatial and economic concentrations of activity. Both articulate and interlocking relationships between political and economic fields exist in the metropolitan engagements of Chinese Australian community groups and associations. Many of these political dimensions extend into 'formal' modes of politics. Framed by urban regime theory and the broader notion of urban politics, this paper claims that network resource exchange within Chinese Australian communities are tied to ethnic economies, and in certain contexts global processes. These kinds of social dynamics have implications for the expression of diasporic Chinese affinity and constructions of Chineseness. Explorations of transnational political tensions, in fact, highlight the diversity and potential fragility of diasporic interdependence within ethnic Chinese communities - communities that are persistently refashioned through new waves of migration and from different points of origin. This paper seeks to advance these perspectives through a case study of a particular period of tension between two representative peak bodies in Brisbane, Queensland. Grounded in the testimony of elite political actors, it reflects upon the nature of ethnic Chinese community representation in contemporary Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the rationale, design, implementation, and outcomes of a strategic diversity course for developing the intercultural capability of academic staff at an Australian university. The interactive workshop called "Engaging and Building Alliance across Cultures" aims at developing awareness of and practical skills in facilitating the inclusion of culturally and linguistically diverse students in the classroom, while also engaging local students in internationalization at their home university. This paper reports the participating academics' workshop ratings, as well as their learning reflections regarding curriculum development, strategies that they intended to apply to engage their culturally diverse classes, and the perceived strengths and weaknesses of the workshop. Implications for the potential use of cultural diversity training to internationalize learning and teaching in a higher education environment are discussed, along with suggestions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalisation has meant an increased demand from students, employers, and academics for indicators of the international academic standing of universities. In this paper we examine the broad methodological issues involved in measuring international academic standing and apply our conclusions to data for 38 Australian universities. Determinants of the international academic standing of universities are grouped into six broad categories: standing of academic staff, quality of undergraduate intake, quality of undergraduate programs, quality of graduate programs, resources, and peer opinion. The relative importance of each of these attributes is ascertained though a worldwide survey of university presidents, rectors and vice-chancellors plus Australian deans, thus reducing the need for subjective weighting by the researchers. The empirical findings are used to weight quantitative performance data for Australian universities and the results compared with two other recent worldwide rankings of universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a scale to measure the stage of internationalisation of a firm which depicts export development as an innovation adoption process. A four-stage, multi-item scale ranging from export awareness, interest, trial to adoption is developed. The analysis is based on two independent surveys of Australian wineries. Systematic procedures of scale development are followed including the use of confirmatory factor analysis for scale validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrial Relations / Relations Industrielles is the property of Universite Laval, Department of Industrial Relations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper reports on the key determinants of the stage of internationalization of Australian wineries based on a four stage I-model. A series of theoretically motivated factors thought to explain export orientation are used to model internationalization. The model is tested on a sample of Australian wineries and uses reliable and valid measures of key latent constructs. By employing data from a very specific industry and using classical measurement theory to accurately measure latent constructs, issues associated with environment volatility and the consequences of measurement error are directly addressed.

Globalization processes have resulted in greater complexity, interdependence and limited resources. Consequently, no one sector can effectively respond to today's business or wider challenges and opportunities. Non-government organizations and corporations are increasingly engaging each other in recognition that shareholder and societal value are intrinsically linked. For both sectors, these partnerships can create an enabling environment to address social issues and can generate social capital. Located in the Australian context, this paper explores the dimensions of community organization capacity building as an aspect of business-community organization partnerships. An Australian case study is used to demonstrate the benefits to business, community organizations and ultimately the communities in which the corporation is embedded and which are serviced by the community organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is commonly argued that cities face unprecedented pressures and therefore must transform. To guide transformations, it is important to develop guiding visions. This paper reports on a futures thinking exercise in the context of cities. It employs a methodology based on a series of community workshops with a diverse mix of experts using a “strategic conversation”. The conversation was framed around the question: ‘How might your city build and maintain resilience in a range of plausible futures?’ Results of the process help to identify risks and opportunities, as well as urban transformation archetypes. Furthermore, these narratives are interpreted as city reorganization patterns similar to those theorized in resilience thinking through the notion of adaptive cycles. Finally, the possibility of developing a more functional transformation narrative for cities is outlined, which would enable the development of a collective vision for a desired urban future and how to avoid the adverse consequences of drivers of change in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If Australia is to remain a literate citizen of this rapidly changing world, we need to understand not just the anglophone West and the large-scale bloc politics of world regions but also the deeper forces that drive nations and regions. Language is essential to understanding of any given nation or region. But what do we find in our university language departments? Dwindling enrolments, dying courses, and frustrated highly qualified academic staff teaching beginners language courses. In this article I explore the connections between languages and area studies at our universities with a view to suggesting alternatives in the ways in which we present languages and their populations to our students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reflects on the improvement of the journal in its international ranking as evidenced by increased internationalization. He mentions that the Editorial Advisory Board had four new international members from Hong Kong, the United Kingdom and the U.S. and the roles played by its members. He notes that the journal will continue to serve Australian Dental Association and publish papers which are relevant to the practice of dentistry in Australia.

Abstract: Public scepticism surrounding climate change is an obstacle for implementing climate change mitigation measures in many countries. However, very little is known about: (1) the nature and sources of climate change scepticism; and (2) its influence on preferences for climate change mitigation policies. In this paper, we investigate these two issues using evidence and analysis from an Australian public survey and choice experiment. The study has three key findings. First, the intensity of scepticism varies depending on its type; we observed little scepticism over the cause, trend and impact of climate change and widespread scepticism over the effectiveness of mitigation measures and global co-operation. Second, cause and mitigation scepticism play significant roles in determining public support for climate change abatement. Respondents who believed in human-induced climate change were significantly more supportive of mitigation. Likewise, respondents who believed that mitigation would be successful in slowing down climate change were significantly more likely to be supportive. Third, the general public tend to give the benefit of the doubt to supporting mitigation. Those who expressed higher uncertainty about climate outcomes were more supportive of mitigation than others with similar expectations but lower uncertainty. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The past decade has seen a rapid increase in the number of international students undertaking doctorates in Anglophone universities such as Australia and the UK. In 2009, 11,500 international students were undertaking postgraduate research in Australia, with a 20 per cent increase in doctoral enrolments over the previous year (AEI, 2011). In the UK, international students comprise 50 per cent of full-time research degree students (UKCISA, 2011). The postgraduate research student cohort in these countries has thus radically changed as these students have brought with them different academic cultures and intellectual traditions. Although distinct phases can be identified in the responses of Australian and British universities to increases in international students, with the current phase aligned to internationalisation agendas, there still appears to be a lack of recognition of the potential to take advantage of these global flows of people, ideas and perspectives by engaging with the knowledge and academic values that international doctoral students bring. Are we taking advantage of these opportunities for the generation of new knowledge and skills or do we risk being complacent about the superiority of 'Western' academic ways? Using theories of cross-cultural pedagogy, this paper reports on a qualitative study of views of scholarship and learning in Western and Confucian-heritage higher education, using Australia and the UK, and China and Hong Kong as case studies. Interviews with expert scholars in these contexts demonstrate that although there are differences and similarities towards knowledge and scholarship between these higher education systems, these are changing as contemporary teaching and learning conditions and imperatives become more closely tied to discourses of internationalisation and globalisation. This demonstrates recognition of the changes occurring in higher education and an understanding of the need for genuine intercultural dialogue so that international education is not just based on the legitimisation of Western knowledge but becomes an enterprise of mutual learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Teacher Education for the Future Project is a Pacific Circle Consortium initiative that seeks to inform teacher education programs about the educational challenges and changes in society for the 21st century, to better inform the education of global citizens of the future. The project employs a survey to probe teachers' beliefs about the purpose of education and how best to prepare teachers for the future. This paper reports the views of 26 Australian Islamic teachers from a diverse range of cultural backgrounds. The findings were characterised by a diversity of responses focused by the process of globalisation. Nevertheless, the impact of globalisation did not dominate all responses. Globalisation took on a level of complexity characterised by interplay between the global, local and individual that saw a culturally diverse community, living in a multicultural country, distance itself from the preservation of cultural heritage. Cultural heritage was valued but a sense of 'belonging', of 'melting into the background', of being part of the whole, was a greater priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In their twenty years since their entry into Australia, foreign bank performance has been considered a failure. This paper will canvass this and related issues and argue that some of these perceptions may have been based upon inappropriate expectations. It will be argued that the foreign banks have been an important component in the ongoing process of Australian financial system efficiency improvement and globalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the policy on quality assurance for higher education in Australia. Investigation on the context-specific differences in globalization policies and practices; Emphasis on the changing discourses of the policy; Suggestion on the essence of quality assurance.

This paper examines the changes that have taken place in the extent and nature of management education programmes for international business activity offered by Australian universities, i.e. the extent to which Australian universities have provided educational support in the recent major expansion of international business activity by Australia's corporate sector. With the increase in overseas activity by the Australian corporate sector there has been a statistically significant increase in the offering of international business degrees at both the undergraduate and postgraduate level. Furthermore, consistent with the literature on managerial knowledge requirements for global operation, there has also been a shift towards more appropriately balanced degree structures consisting of business or technical knowledge courses and cultural knowledge courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business, management, workers and governments are responding to global imperatives. These imperatives include marketing The origins of global marketing lie in exporting Presents and analyses data relating to small businesses in Australia which currently export or which plan to export. Thirty-five per cent of small businesses which consider it feasible to export have no plans to do so. The reasons for this export rejection are analysed Other critical factors such as motivation to export; source of expert advice; and problems experienced with developing export markets are also reported and analysed. Provides recommendations as to how to increase the participation rate of small business in the growing global economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the book "Globalization and Citizenship in the Asia-Pacific," edited by Alastair Davidson and Kathleen Weekley. In the book twelve papers explores how globalization is affecting citizenship in practical terms in nation-states of the Asia-Pacific. Papers also discusses in the age of migration, contemporary issues regarding citizenship in the Asia-Pacific, Australia's citizenship void, globalization and citizenship in Malaysia, citizenship in Papua New Guinea, Australia's journey towards a multicultural citizenship, the democratizing function, indigenous peoples and the globalization of rights, and whether European and Asian theories of citizenship may be converging.

Australia's multicultural society presents challenges and opportunities for marketers. This article presents a framework for analyzing multicultural marketing in terms of the interrelations among three types of factors, that is, the multicultural marketplace in Australia, international markets, and the multicultural resources that exist in Australia. The authors argue that Australia's cultural diversity, as well as that of other multicultural societies, is a valuable resource for recognizing and responding to the opportunities presented in international markets. Several case studies are used to illustrate the ways in which opportunities in the domestic and international marketplace can arise and be responded to as a result of the multicultural dimensions of a society. The cases are drawn from winning entries in the annual Australian Multicultural Marketing Awards. Although developed in terms of Australian society, the ideas are relevant to all culturally heterogeneous societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents news within the financial industry. The American Finance Association's Annual Meeting will be held in Washington, D.C., on December 28-30, 1990. "Journal of Financial and Strategic Decisions" will be published semiannually in 1990. "Journal of Economics and Business" will publish a special issue focusing on the globalization of financial markets in 1991. The third annual Australiasian Finance and Banking Conference will be held on November 29-30, 1990, at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia.

This study examines the inter-relationships between network ties as social capital and knowledge resources as human capital, in the internationalization of law firms. Using a qualitative case study methodology, this study is based on primary data collected from Australian law firms and corporate client organizations, and compares and contrasts the views of lawyers and clients on building social and human capital. Our study finds that the relative importance of strong ties diminishes as professional services globalize and weak ties become viewed as more prominent for successful internationalization. The main findings indicate three different sets of inter-relationships between social and human capital: complementary, supplementary and compensatory. We discuss the complementary and supplementary effects of strong and weak ties and three different types of knowledge resources (technical, market and client-specific knowledge). We also argue that knowledge resources of technical and market knowledge can compensate network ties in the internationalization of firms. Examining social and human capital between law firms and clients provides important theoretical and practical insights into understanding the internationalization of professional service firms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This article examines the impact of inward and outward aspects of internationalization. The effect of the inward process on outward moves has been the subject of limited research, although some evidence from studies of licensing and franchising in Australia suggests inward steps can sometimes play an important preparatory role in the outward process. Governments have for some time used inward international flows to force a reverse process--through strict countertrade policies, for example, or, as in the Australian case through its 'partnership scheme.' An important public policy question is how to regard international steps in any outward promotional scheme. For example, among individual firms there is a need to use inward moves in a more productive way to promote outward internationalization, perhaps by selecting foreign suppliers in part on the basis of their ability to contribute to an outward strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slack OECD economic performance and weaker macroeconomic policy support Summers's reuse of the phrase 'secular stagnation'. Globalisation has redirected growth towards emerging economies, and anticipated rates of return on investment are impaired by perceived risk, institutionalised risk aversion, ageing and dependency, declining commitments to public investment and research and development with rising shares directed to health, retained trade distortions, industrial concentration and slower human capital accumulation, not to mention unexpected global abundance of fossil fuels and a slower Chinese economy. The information and literature supporting these concerns is reviewed and implications for global and Australian policy are inferred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this article is to explore the role of education agents as drivers of competitiveness of Australian Universities by facilitating internationalisation. Research Design & Methods: The article presents an analysis of semi-structured interviews from two University international officers, an education officer with Victorian Government and an education agent. This set of primary data and a comprehensive literature review served as a stimulus for this investigation. Findings: It is evident that the agents play an extremely vital role in the internationalisation process and the four key themes, which are identified from the interviews are Market Knowledge, Network Facilitators, Financial Interest and Reliance and Trust factor. Implications & Recommendations: The article proposes several key concepts/themes, which could be used to frame future investigations into the role of education agents in the internationalisation of higher education. The higher education providers should not neglect the importance of the knowledge that the education agent may offer for recruiting international students or even to establish an offshore operation. Contribution & Value Added: The originality of this work lies in finding the various themes which are essential to be looked at by the higher education providers in order to further utilise the potential of education agents in the internationalisation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The practices of transnational corporations affect population health through production methods, shaping social determinants of health, or influencing the regulatory structures governing their activities. There has been limited research on community exposures to TNC policies and practices. Our pilot research used McDonald's Australia to test methods for assessing the health impacts of one TNC within Australia.Methods: We adapted existing Health Impact Assessment methods to assess McDonald's activities. Data identifying potential impacts were sourced through document analysis, including McDonald's corporate literature; media analysis and semi-structured interviews. We commissioned a spatial and socioeconomic analysis of McDonald's restaurants in Australia through Geographic Information System technology. The data was mapped against a corporate health impact assessment framework which included McDonald's Australia's political and business practices; products and marketing; workforce, social, environmental and economic conditions; and consumers' health related behaviours.Results: We identified both positive and detrimental aspects of McDonald's Australian operations across the scope of the CHIA framework. We found that McDonald's outlets were slightly more likely to be located in areas of lower socioeconomic status. McDonald's workplace conditions were found to be more favourable than those in many other countries which reflects compliance with Australian employment regulations. The breadth of findings revealed the need for governments to strengthen regulatory mechanisms that are conducive to health; the opportunity for McDonald's to augment their corporate social responsibility initiatives and bolster reputational endorsement; and civil society actors to inform their advocacy towards health and equity outcomes from TNC operations.Conclusion: Our study indicates that undertaking a corporate health impact assessment is possible, with the different methods revealing sufficient information to realise that strong regulatory frameworks are need to help to avoid or to mediate negative health impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industrial Relations / Relations Industrielles is the property of Universite Laval, Department of Industrial Relations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)