1. Associations of Dietary Glucose, Fructose, and Sucrose with β-Cell Function, Insulin Sensitivity, and Type 2 Diabetes in the Maastricht Study.
- Author
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Biggelaar LJ, Eussen SJ, Sep SJ, Mari A, Ferrannini E, Dongen MC, Denissen KF, Wijckmans NE, Schram MT, Kallen CJ, Koster A, Schaper N, Henry RM, Stehouwer CD, and Dagnelie PC
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Biomarkers blood, Cohort Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ethnology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 metabolism, Diet, Carbohydrate Loading ethnology, Dietary Sucrose adverse effects, Female, Fructose adverse effects, Humans, Insulin blood, Insulin Secretion, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands epidemiology, Nutrition Surveys, Prediabetic State epidemiology, Prediabetic State ethnology, Prediabetic State metabolism, Prevalence, Prospective Studies, Self Report, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 etiology, Diet, Carbohydrate Loading adverse effects, Glucose adverse effects, Insulin metabolism, Insulin Resistance ethnology, Insulin-Secreting Cells metabolism, Prediabetic State etiology
- Abstract
The associations of glucose, fructose, and sucrose intake with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been inconsistent. Furthermore, there is a lack of studies focusing on early markers of T2DM that provide insight into the process of T2DM progression: impaired pancreatic β-cell function (BCF) and insulin sensitivity. This study evaluated associations cross-sectionally in a population-based cohort consisting of 2818 individuals (mean ± SD age 59.7 ± 8.18, 49.5% male, n = 120 newly diagnosed T2DM). Glucose, fructose, and sucrose intake were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. Glucose metabolism status, insulin sensitivity, and BCF were measured by a seven-points oral glucose tolerance test. Linear regression analysis revealed a positive association of glucose intake with insulin sensitivity in the fully adjusted model (standardized beta (95% CI) 0.07 (0.05, 0.14) SD for ≥23 g vs. <10 g of glucose). Fructose and sucrose intake were not associated with insulin sensitivity after full adjustments. In addition, no associations of dietary glucose, fructose, and sucrose with BCF were detected. In conclusion, higher intake of glucose, not fructose and sucrose, was associated with higher insulin sensitivity, independent of dietary fibre. No convincing evidence was found for associations of dietary glucose, fructose, and sucrose with BCF in this middle-aged population.
- Published
- 2017
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