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Poly(lactide)/halloysite nanotubes (PLA/HNT) nanocomposites with crystalline matrix were obtained by cold crystallization and examined. Neat HNT and HNT treated with N,N′- ethylenebis(stearamide) (EBS) were used as nanofillers. Reference materials, PLA and PLA/EBS blend, prepared in the same way, were also considered. The influence of HNT and/or EBS content on the crystallinity and morphology of PLA matrix, as well as on the dynamic mechanical and optical properties of the materials, was determined. The nanocomposites contained well-distributed HNT, with only occasional agglomerates. HNT, EBS-treated HNT and EBS influenced the morphology of the crystalline PLA matrix and the amounts of the disorder α’ (termed also δ) and order α crystallographic forms of PLA. Crystallinity increased stiffness of the materials compared to their counterparts with the amorphous matrix. Owing to the crystallinity and the presence of the nanofillers, the storage modulus at 20 °C and 60 °C increased by up to 30 and 60%, respectively, compared to neat amorphous PLA. Interestingly, at lower nanofiller content the crystalline nanocomposites with EBS were more transparent than neat crystalline PLA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]