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Objective: To investigate the predictive role of some immune parameters in progressive and diagnostic of stage III breast cancer BC patient. Methods: The study was conducted at Specialized Oncology Center - Tikrit City, and the Oncology of Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Baghdad city, Iraq, on 80 blood samples, 50 samples from women with stage III breast cancer, and 30 samples for control group (healthy women), the age range (25-50) year. The collect serum assessed by ELIZA, and the data analyzed by Independent-Samples T test spss. While AUC is measured by MedCalc. Results: Serum levels of all parameters were dramatically higher in patients group compared to control except in IL-23 which exhibited slight elevation statically not significant. The (AUC) for the associated ROC curve of CA15-3 (1), TGF-ß (1) and IL-10 (1) were the largest. AUC is valuable diagnostic parameters to predict of progressive and diagnostic of the disease, followed by TNF-a (0.997), IL-6 (0.974), IL-17 (0.890), IL-8 (0.838), CTL-4 (0.819) and finally the lowest on was IL-23 (0.616). Conclusion: Increasing levels of the measured parameters are an essential predictor of progressive and diagnostic of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current investigation aims to study certain parameters including, IL-17A, creatinine, lymphocyte, and basophile in patients who suffer from SLE renal failure for comparing them with healthy control groups. The study was done on 105 patients (35 males, 70 females) who are confirmed to have SLE in Thi-Qar Province, southern of Iraq. The researchers withdraw 5ml of venous blood from 50 healthy control group to conduct three tests; immune tests to find out the amount of IL-17A (ELISA), biochemical tests to find out the amount of creatinine (colorimetric method), and CBC tests to find out the number of lymphocytes and basophils. The findings revealed that the total SLE illness rate was 83%, with females having a higher infection rate (66.67%) than males (33.33%). Significant variations were identified between sexes. Moreover, it is shown that there is a considerable increase in the level of IL17A and the amount of creatinine which was higher than those of healthy control. Finally, it is demonstrated that females suffer from this disease in age of 13-45 more than males. Compared to healthy group, the level of IL -17A and the creatinine were increased in some patients whereas the lymphocyte and basophile were decreased in some others. Thus, it is concluded that the level of IL17A, creatinine, lymphocyte, and basophie play a fundamental role in the SLE Pathogeneses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preterm birth has a significant impact on neonatal health and the healthcare system as it increases neonatal morbidities and mortality rates. Interleukin-6 is one of the pro-inflammatory cytokines that can trigger the production of chemokines and uterine activation proteins, consequently causing uterine contraction and subsequent cervical change. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α plays a pivotal role in the hypoxic adaptive response of tissues. It has been suggested that hypoxia has a vital role in the initiating and/or strengthening of uterine contractions, proposing that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α could be involved in this process. Aim: Investigate whether serum concentrations of interleukin-6 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α would differ between women with threatened preterm labor who deliver prematurely and those who continue their pregnancy till term. Patients and Methods: The case-control study was extended over 12 months, including women in their 28th to 35th weeks of gestation and with a single viable fetus. The women were divided into three groups: women with threatened preterm labor who delivered prematurely (27 women), women with threatened preterm labor who continued their pregnancy till term (23 women), and women with matching gestational age and uncomplicated pregnancies (the controls = 40 women). The serum levels of interleukin-6 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The mean values of interleukin-6 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α were significantly different between the study groups (p-value <0.001 by one-way ANOVA), where women with threatened preterm labor who delivered prematurely had higher serum values of interleukin-6 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (124.5 and 102.4, respectively) than the women with threatened preterm labor who continued their pregnancy till term (71.0 and 55.2, respectively), and than the women in the control group (55.3 and 50.0, respectively). There was a significant negative statistical correlation between the values of interleukin-6 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and the timing of delivery (R = -0.786 and -0.644, respectively, p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: Both interleukin-6 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1a serum concentrations can help differentiate pregnant women who are genuinely in preterm labor from those who have preterm contractions but are not at risk of imminent delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives/Background: Since the outbreak of COVID-19, healthcare professionals suggested a wide range of recommendations in the fields of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Laboratory biomarkers are considered one of the crucial diagnostic tools for COVID-19, assessing its severity and progress predictor. Owing to the lack of consensus regarding changes in biomarkers and their correlations, researchers are encouraged to detect more interesting findings. A few studies were conducted in Iraq considering this aspect. This study aimed to investigate certain biomarkers in patients with severe COVID-19 and their relations to mortality outcomes. Also, this study aimed to identify the correlation between these markers in severe disease. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Fallujah Teaching Hospital, west of Iraq, which included all admittance with severe COVID-19 between September 20, 2021, and February 30, 2022. A questionnaire was designed to collect socio-clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcomes (recovery/death). Procalcitonin (PCT) and certain biomarkers were analyzed, based on that outcome, and correlations between these markers were assessed. Results: For 75 patients who were enrolled in this study, the mean age was 62.3 ± 14.3 years, of which females constituted 62%. The most preponderance age was ≥60 years with a statistically significant higher rate of death (37.3%) when compared to other ages (P = 0.007), while other socio-clinical characteristics revealed nonsignificant differences. High PCT levels were found in 34.7% of the enrolled patients, while neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and elevated levels of troponin, ferritin, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were the prominent abnormal biomarker findings. However, only ferritin and troponin mean levels revealed significant differences in relation to the outcomes (P = 0.019 and 0.010, respectively). A moderate positive correlation was found between PCT and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (r = 0.586, P = 0.005), and also PCT correlates positively with CRP (r = 0.49, P = 0.005) and troponin (r = 0.41, P = 0.001). Additionally, there were significant positive correlations of troponin with IL-6 (r = 0.41, P = 0.005) and PCT (r = 0.37, P = 0.001). Also, IL-6 correlates positively with troponin (r = 0.62, P = 0.005). Conclusions: We found an elevated level of PCT in almost three-quarters of patients with severe COVID-19, with a non-significant difference with the specific recovery/death outcomes. In addition, high troponin levels, neutrophilia, and lymphopenia regardless of the outcome were found. Also, there were valuable correlations between certain biomarkers in patients with COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines such as Pfizer--BioNTech have confirmed a high efficiency; however, there is a limitation of data existence about the duration of immune responses and their relation to age and side effects. The aim of this study is to estimate the SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD IgG level after 30 days (1 month) and 120 days (4 months) of the second dose of Pfizer--BioNTech vaccine administered to the medical students of the University of Diyala. Methods: The study was conducted after the approval of the Medical College of Al-Iraqia University, the Medical College of the University of Diyala, and the Iraqi Ministry of Health. We selected 45 students from the Medical College of the University of Diyala randomly who were fully vaccinated (two doses of Pfizer--BioNTech vaccine, 0.5 ml of the vaccine for each dose), and they agreed to give 5ml of their blood twice (after 1 month and 4 months), which was carried out in the Higher Education Laboratory inside the Medical College, University of Diyala. The period of sample collection was 5 months (from September 2021 until February 2022). A serological analysis to measure SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD IgG was done by using Diasino, SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD IgG ELISA Kit, China, which was carried out in the Higher Education Laboratory, inside the Medical College, University of Diyala. Demographic data were taken from the study participants (age and gender). The same individuals of the study were divided into two groups according to the time frame (1 month and 4 months) after the second dose of the Pfizer--BioNTech vaccine administration. For statistical analysis, we used SPSS version 26 and STATISTICA version 12 to input, check, and analyze data. For qualitative variables, standard approaches of frequencies and percentages were used, whereas for quantitative variables, mean and standard deviation were used. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant for SARS CoV-2 S1-RBD IgG plasma levels. Results: The study found that the male--female ratio was 17.8: 82.2, and the mean of the age of the vaccinated students was 20.977 years. The serum quantities of SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD IgG and IL-6 levels post second dose of the Pfizer--BioNTech vaccine after 30 days (1 month) and 120 days (4 months) were shown to be statistically non-parametric. Using the independent two-sample Mann--Whitney test, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed for SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD IgG and IL-6 levels between 120 days (4 months) after the second dose of the Pfizer--BioNTech vaccine and 30 days (1 month). Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD IgG and IL-6 levels decreased significantly after 120 days (4 months) of the second dose of Pfizer--BioNTech vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal failure (RF) is common disease, it is decrease of kidney function, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) this use to estimate the kidney function reduction usually is less than 60 mL / min, depending on global Burden of Disease, and the disease is ninth cause of death in the world, According to the global Burden of Disease. Our study is investigated in the relationship between IL-17F (rs763780) genes polymorphic variants in renal failure patients in Iraq. This study was accompanied around Iraqi renal failure patients, the period from February to November 2018. This study included 70 patients from Abn-Sina Center for dialysis and kidney disease, and 30 healthy controls. Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR is rapid, effective and developed assay used our study for studying in genotyping polymorphism of IL-17F (rs763780) genes. Result of our report including the correlation between the genotypes of IL-17F (rs763780) and the incidence of renal failure, as the results show a non-marked difference between patients and controls when genotype T/T (OR = 0.75). Also, no significant difference between patients and control when genotype C/C (OR = 0.85), while the genotype T/C (OR = 2.23) show important difference between control and patients more than two times. In conclusion, IL-17F play an essential role as pro-inflammatory cytokine in renal failure patients and development disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]