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2. Power, Politics, and Education: Canadian Universities and International Education in an Era of New Geopolitics
- Author
-
Trilokekar, Roopa Desai, El Masr, Amira, and El Masry, Hani
- Abstract
This paper focuses on the recent political spars between Canada and Saudi Arabia as well as China and their impact on Canadian universities. It asks three questions: (1) What key issues did Canada's political strains with Saudi Arabia and China raise for Canadian universities' international education (IE) initiatives and what issues were absent? (2) What do these key issues suggest about Canada's approaches to IE in an era of new geopolitics? and (3) What implications can be drawn from these cases about Canadian university-government relations in the context of new geopolitics? Given the powerful role media plays in education policy, a systematic study was conducted across three main media sources to identify 74 articles and news releases between August 2018 and November 2019. Three dominant themes are identified and analyzed, each vividly illustrating the close ties between global politics, government foreign policy and IE within Canadian Universities. On the one hand, the narratives speak to concerns about IE as a risk to national security and, on the other, as a vehicle for Canada's economic prosperity. However, what the media has not achieved is a broader discussion on how Canada needs to revisit its IE objectives and approaches in light of broader geopolitical shifts. Using the theoretical framework of soft power, the paper speaks to the limitations and short-sightedness of Canada's approach to IE as soft power in this era of new geopolitics and concludes with three recommendations for Canada.
- Published
- 2020
3. END 2015: International Conference on Education and New Developments. Conference Proceedings (Porto, Portugal, June 27-29, 2015)
- Author
-
World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS) (Portugal) and Carmo, Mafalda
- Abstract
We are delighted to welcome you to the International Conference on Education and New Developments 2015-END 2015, taking place in Porto, Portugal, from 27 to 29 of June. Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. Our International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. Our goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2015 received 528 submissions, from 63 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form as Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. It was accepted for presentation in the conference, 176 submissions (33% acceptance rate). The conference also includes a keynote presentation from an internationally distinguished researcher, Professor Dr. Martin Braund, Adjunct Professor at Cape Peninsula University of Technology in Cape Town, South Africa and Honorary Fellow in the Department of Education at the University of York, UK, to whom we express our most gratitude. This volume is composed by the proceedings of the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2015), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.) and had the help of our respected media partners that we reference in the dedicated page. This conference addressed different categories inside the Education area and papers are expected to fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. To develop the conference program we have chosen four main broad-ranging categories, which also cover different interest areas: (1) In TEACHERS AND STUDENTS: Teachers and Staff training and education; Educational quality and standards; Curriculum and Pedagogy; Vocational education and Counseling; Ubiquitous and lifelong learning; Training programs and professional guidance; Teaching and learning relationship; Student affairs (learning, experiences and diversity); Extra-curricular activities; Assessment and measurements in Education. (2) In PROJECTS AND TRENDS: Pedagogic innovations; Challenges and transformations in Education; Technology in teaching and learning; Distance Education and eLearning; Global and sustainable developments for Education; New learning and teaching models; Multicultural and (inter)cultural communications; Inclusive and Special Education; Rural and indigenous Education; Educational projects. (3) In TEACHING AND LEARNING: Educational foundations; Research and development methodologies; Early childhood and Primary Education; Secondary Education; Higher Education; Science and technology Education; Literacy, languages and Linguistics (TESL/TEFL); Health Education; Religious Education; Sports Education. (4) In ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES: Educational policy and leadership; Human Resources development; Educational environment; Business, Administration, and Management in Education; Economics in Education; Institutional accreditations and rankings; International Education and Exchange programs; Equity, social justice and social change; Ethics and values; Organizational learning and change. The proceedings contain the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to teaching, learning and applications in Education nowadays. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, who will extend our view in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues, by sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. (Individual papers contain references.)
- Published
- 2015
4. Establishing the Need for Cross-Cultural and Global Issues Research
- Author
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Zhao, Yali, Lin, Lin, and Hoge, John D.
- Abstract
More than any previous generation, today's students need to develop a global perspective and be knowledgeable about other nations in order to play a better role on the global stage. This paper first reviews some earlier and current studies on students' knowledge of the world, mainly conducted in the United States, and then it describes the global education status and similar studies in countries like Canada, Russia, the United Kingdom, China, Japan, South Korea, and Australia. Based on a review of studies in these countries, the paper proposes that contemporary assessments of students' cross-national and global knowledge and attitudes are necessary. The new research must be multinational, assessing what paired nations' school aged populations know about one another's history, geography, politics, economics, and international relations. (Contains 1 footnote.)
- Published
- 2007
5. The securitisation of foreign disinformation.
- Author
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Jackson, Nicole J.
- Subjects
DISINFORMATION ,CANADIAN federal government ,GOVERNMENT policy ,NATIONAL security ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This paper analyses the Canadian government’s foreign and security policy responses to Russian disinformation in the context of the Russo-Ukrainian war. It asks whether, how, and why the government has securitised the “crisis of Russian disinformation.” The paper first briefly reviews literature on the Copenhagen’s School’s “securitisation” theory and how it has been used to explain responses to other crises. It then adopts the framework to contextualise the Canadian federal government’s official rhetoric, and then to categorise government policies and actions. The sources consulted include government actors’ reports and stated intentions and policies from 2022 to 2024. Adopting a securitisation framework reveals that Russian disinformation has been rhetorically securitised by government actors as an existential threat to national security and democratic integrity which requires urgent action. Within a context of cascading risks, the government has taken a range of distinct yet reinforcing policies and actions, some more comprehensive than others. The paper argues that together this “pervasive rhetorical securitisation” and “ad hoc practical securitisation” comprise the Canadian government’s ongoing process of partial securitisation. This process is legitimising different methods of governance: security and warfare communications (to address threats to national defence and security), democratic resilience (to address threats to democracy), and, most controversially, blocking and sanctioning (to signal discontent to the Russian regime). The analysis further reveals that each approach has different benefits and limits. The paper concludes that the securitisation process is incomplete compared to the government's rhetoric, with no over-arching organisation or strategy. It outlines implications for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Canada Sees the World through U. S. Eyes: One Case Study in Cultural Domination.
- Author
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Scanlon, Joseph
- Abstract
This paper attempts to document the cultural influences which the United States exerts over Canada because of Canadian reliance on foreign news agencies, especially news services that are located in the United States. The print material used to document this paper was drawn from a 1967 study of news flows for the Canadian Department of External Affairs and a 1969 content analysis of 30 Canadian dailies for the Special Senate Committee on the Mass Media. The broadcast material was gathered in a series of interviews done especially for this paper. The data in this case study is presented in both narrative and table form and the extent to which Canadian newscasts follow the American format and content when they are recorded for rebroadcast is examined. This news policy is especially significant when news is translated into French, but contains an American perspective on world events. The paper concludes with a five-point plan to solve the problem of Canadian reliance on foreign agencies for news. (RB)
- Published
- 1973
7. TDFs and Trade: The U.S.-Canada Free-Trade Agreement from a Transborder Data Flow Perspective.
- Author
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Rutenbeck, Jeffrey B.
- Abstract
This paper examines the potential impacts of the comprehensive free-trade agreement negotiated by the United States and Canada in 1987 on transborder data flow between the two countries. An introductory overview of transborder data flow (TDFs) is followed by a discussion of how TDFs have been dealt with by both the United States and Canada to date; a brief history of the most recent free-trade negotiations between the two countries; and an analysis of the foundations of the agreement on two levels that relate directly to TDFs--its possible impact on trade in services and its potential impact on foreign direct investment in Canada. The paper concludes with speculations about the long-term effects of free trade in the areas of trade in services and foreign direct investment as they pertain to TDFs. (65 endnotes) (CGD)
- Published
- 1988
8. International Education as Soft Power? The Contributions and Challenges of Canadian Foreign Policy to the Internationalization of Higher Education
- Author
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Trilokekar, Roopa Desai
- Abstract
This paper explores the role of the Canadian federal government in two foreign policy areas: overseas development assistance and international cultural relations by providing a brief history of the federal government's engagement in both policy areas and highlighting the contributions and challenges of Canadian foreign policy to the internationalization of Canadian higher education. More broadly, the paper explores the unique characteristics of the Canadian federal government's role in higher education policy making, and in particular, its relations with academics and the university community. Ironically in a world increasingly characterized by greater international education flows, in Canada, there has been a narrowing of vision, a focus on more short rather than long term objectives and a limited engagement of dialogue between academics and the government to promote both development assistance and international education as Canada's soft power.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Towards a Critical Pedagogy of Comparative Public Diplomacy: Pseudo-Education, Fear-Mongering and Insecurities in Canadian-American Foreign Policy
- Author
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Nelles, Wayne
- Abstract
Little research has examined public diplomacy as a comparative education issue, particularly regarding social-psychological, economic and political fears or personal and national insecurities. This paper discusses American public diplomacy as a mostly Cold War strategy adapted to post-9/11 national security interests, fears and desires. It further explores differences, similarities, and debates in Canadian media, policy documents and academia, in response to American political, economic and military pressures or demands for a "North American" (i.e. joint American-Canadian) security approach. From a critical pedagogy perspective the paper argues that modern public diplomacy has been a dubious, pseudo-educational, fear-mongering concept nurtured by academics, politicians and military leaders as part of an American foreign policy, military security and propaganda strategy. The paper further shows that post-9/11 Canada, problematically, adapted its own public diplomacy policies to serve American interests. Further research is needed to examine more closely public diplomacy's impacts on Canadian education. (Contains 1 note.)
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. The white paper impulse: Reviewing foreign policy under Trudeau and Clark.
- Author
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Halloran, Mary, Hilliker, John, and Donaghy, Greg
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Three times in the span of 12 years (1968–1980), the foreign policy of the Canadian government was subjected to review by the Department of External Affairs. Although only the first of these efforts resulted in a white paper formally tabled as such in the House of Commons, subsequent reviews tended to follow the design of the first: a comprehensive examination of all aspects of the country’s foreign policy, led and coordinated by senior officials in External Affairs, drawing to varying degrees on expertise from other government departments and the private sector. In all cases, the reviews were intended to produce a document that would guide future policy. They served as useful tools not only for new governments seeking to differentiate their policies from those of their predecessors, but also for those in search of answers to challenges arising in the course of their mandates. This article analyzes the reviews undertaken between 1968 and 1980 and the circumstances that gave rise to them in an effort to account for the popularity of the white paper process among policymakers and to explore the process’s influence on policies subsequently pursued. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Teaching Canadian Politics at American Universities: Some Recommendations.
- Author
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O'Neil, Daniel J. and Wagner, J. Richard
- Abstract
The introduction and study of Canadian political systems are recommended as a model for use in political science courses at American universities. In the past, recognition of the worth of Canadian studies has been minimal. New and interesting topical areas such as Canadian nationalism, missionary activities, energy resource problems, and pollution have redirected the emphasis on Canadian studies. Four major areas of Canadian studies are examined which bear directly on important topics of interest to American political scientists: nation building, policies, institutions, and international relations. A brief historical narrative of each area is included, along with techniques for incorporating Canadian studies. (Author/JR)
- Published
- 1975
12. International News in the Canadian and American Press: A Comparative News Flow Study.
- Author
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Sparkes, Vernone M. and Robinson, Gertrude Joch
- Abstract
This study tested the power of "elite nation" factors (trade, population, and gross national product) to predict the amount of foreign news coverage for specific countries. A composite week for the first quarter of 1975 was randomly drawn, and ten Canadian and twenty-nine United States newspapers were coded for all news items reported on those days, yielding the total number of column-inches of foreign news coverage in each country, with a breakdown by country or geographical area. As expected, a rather large discrepancy was found between Canadian coverage of the United States (49% of foreign news) and United States coverage of Canada (1.72%). However, elite nation factors proved to be poor predictors for the United States foreign news coverage, and only one of the factors, trade, showed any predictive ability for the Canadian press. The results suggest that the elite nations themselves do not base their foreign news coverage on such matters as trade relations, population distribution, or economic development. (Author/RL)
- Published
- 1976
13. Alternative Patterns of International Collaboration for School Improvement: An Analysis of Activities of the OECD/CERI Pacific Circle Consortium.
- Author
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Northwest Regional Educational Lab., Portland, OR. and Fish, Lawrence D.
- Abstract
This paper explores methods of collaboration among countries in order to promote successful development, exchange, and dissemination of international education materials. The discussion emphasizes activities of the Pacific Circle Consortium, which was founded in 1977 and includes Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, and the United States. Its goals are to exchange information, materials, and personnel and to develop educational materials with a multicultural perspective. The paper is presented in five major sections. Section one explains the Consortium's origin, structure, membership, purpose, and activities. Section two defines the concept of international collaboration and outlines various methods of collaboration, stressing three important types of activity within collaborative efforts. These are parallel, cooperative, and integrated activities. Section three discusses four key elements of any type of collaborative activity: commitment and decision making, location of activity, structure and roles of participating agencies, and size and scope of activity. The discussion related these elements to specific Consortium procedures. Section four describes exemplary Consortium activities of parallel, cooperative, and integrated natures. Section five offers comments on constraints of collaborative ventures and specific implications of the Consortium's experience. (AV)
- Published
- 1982
14. U.S. Competitiveness in the World Wheat Market. Proceedings of a Research Conference (Washington, D.C., June 17-18, 1986).
- Author
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Economic Research Service (USDA), Washington, DC.
- Abstract
These proceedings contain presentations and summaries of papers presented at a Wheat Competitiveness Conference. They begin with two presentations--"The Wheat Prototype Study within an Overall Conceptual Framework of Competitiveness" (James Langley) and "U.S. Competitiveness in the World Wheat Market: A Prototype Study" (Jerry Sharples). The 23 summaries of contributing reports are divided into four groups. Papers in the section on aggregate analysis of export supply and demand in world wheat markets are "Patterns and Trends in World Wheat Competitiveness" (Mathew Shane), "Measuring Economic Competitiveness in Trade" (Peter Perkins), "Revealed Competitive Advantage for Wheat" (Thomas Vollrath), and "Potential Growth in the World Wheat Market: The Impact of Factors Underlying Demand" (Mervin Yetley). The section on major factors affecting supply, demand, and trade on world wheat markets contains "Forces That Could Expand U.S. Wheat Exports: Estimates from a World Wheat Trade Model" (Jerry Sharples, Praveen Dixit), "Shortrun Impact of U.S. Macroeconomic Policy on the U.S. Wheat Market" (Mark Denbaly), "The Value of the Dollar and Competitiveness of U.S. Wheat Exports" (Stephen Haley, Barry Krissoff), "Protection and Liberalization in World Wheat Markets" (Nicole Ballenger, Cathy Jabara), "International Transportation and the Competitiveness of U.S. Wheat Exports" (Kay McLennan), "Enhancing the International Competitiveness of U.S. Wheat through Agricultural Research" (Ira Branson, Yao-chi Lu), "The Green Revolution for Wheat in Developing Countries" (Gary Vocke), and "Variability in Wheat Land Values of Major Exporting Countries" (John Sutton). In the section on wheat export markets and factors affecting supply, demand, and trade are "Summary of Export Markets" (John Sutton, Ron Trostle) and these summaries: "The U.S. Wheat Market" (William Lin, Robert McElroy), "The Canadian Wheat Market" (Pat Weisgerber, et al.), "The Australian Wheat Market" (Paul Johnston), "The French Wheat Market" (Mark Newman), and "The Argentine Wheat Market" (Jorge Hazera). In the section on wheat import markets and factors affecting supply, demand, and trade are "Summary of Import Markets" (James Langley, Gene Mathia) and these summaries: "The Mexican Wheat Market" (Myles Mielke), "The Brazilian Wheat Market" (Edward Allen), "The Conduct of Wheat Marketing in North Africa" (George Gardner, David Skully), "The Dynamics of China's Wheat Trade" (Frederic Surls), "The Soviet Wheat Market" (Emily Moore), and "The East European Wheat Market" (Robert Cummings). Other contents include a conference summary and comments by review panels of trade and university economists. (YLB)
- Published
- 1987
15. Labor in a Global Economy. Perspectives from the U.S. and Canada. Conference Proceedings (Eugene, Oregon, September 1990).
- Author
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Oregon Univ., Eugene. Labor Education and Research Center., Hecker, Steven, and Hallock, Margaret
- Abstract
The following papers are included: "Introduction: Labor in a Global Economy" (Hecker, Hallock); "Labor in a Global Economy" (Marshall); "Canadian Labor Strategies for a Global Economy" (Carr); "Recent Developments in the Canadian Political Economy" (Watkins); "Labor and Politics in the U.S. and Canada" (Bernard); "The Political Action Strategy of the Washington State Labor Council" (Kenney); "Restructuring in Industrial Relations and the Role for Labor" (Verma); "Trade, Competition, and Jobs: An Internationalist Strategy" (Dorman); "Labor Alternatives to International Competition" (Donohue); "Challenging the Ethic of Competitiveness: What's at Stake for Labor" (Gerard); "An International Mobilization Strategy" (Cohen); "Mobilizing across Borders: Unions and Multinational Corporations" (Pomeroy); "Expanding Labor's Agenda: Community Coalitions, Capital Strategies, and Economic Development" (Swinney); "Labor Has No Choice But to Play the Capital Strategies Game" (Tusler); "Achieving Authentic Labor Market Flexibility: A North-American Union Perspective" (Marschall); "Australian Union Movement Strategy" (Ogden); "Flexible Labor Markets and Labor Training--An American and International Analysis" (Deutsch); "Flexibility, Job Security, and Labor Market Policy" (Flumian); "The Impact of International Capital on Australian Labor" (Wheelwright); "A Most Un-labourlike Experience--Six Years of a Labour Government in New Zealand and Its Impact on Organized Labor" (Harbridge); "The New Work Force: Management and Labor Strategies" (Nussbaum); "The Contingent Workforce in Canada: Problems and Solutions" (MacPhail); "A Multicultural Framework for Worker Education" (La Luz); "The Politics of Privatization" (Clements); "Fighting Privatization: The British Columbia Experience" (Shields); "The Right to Organize: Labor Law and Its Impact in British Columbia" (Lanyon, Edwards); "Organizing in Canada: Adapting to Changing Conditions" (Oleksiuk); "Organizing Immigrant Workers in the Global Economy" (Quan); "The Deficiency of the Voluntary Compliance Model as a Public Policy Instrument in Workplace Health and Safety in Canada" (Sass); "Occupational Health and Safety Twenty Years after OSHA" (Baker); "Pattern Bargaining in the Pacific Northwest Lumber and Sawmill Industry: 1980-1989" (Widenor); "Pattern Bargaining in the Wood Products Industry in Western Canada" (MacLellan): "Current Issues and Future Strategies for Forest-Product Unions" (Scott); "Paying Too Much, Buying Too Little: U.S. Medical Care on the Critical List" (Schoen); "The Uninsured and Rising Health Care Costs" (Brown); "Health Care: Lessons from Canada" (Schreck, Petrie); and "The Role of the States in Health Care Reform" (Kitzhaber). (YLB)
- Published
- 1991
16. La vulnerabilite de l'universite face aux politiques gouvernementales et la cooperation internationale nord-sud (The Vulnerability of the University in the Face of Governmental Politics and North-South International Cooperation).
- Author
-
Barot, Elisabeth
- Abstract
Cooperation between universities in northern and southern hemispheres in the current economic and geopolitical climate is discussed. The relationship between Canadian universities and the government is chronicled, and mechanisms of international cooperation are analyzed. Certain ethical principles are proposed as a framework for Canadian universities' role in North-South cooperation. (Author/MSE)
- Published
- 1991
17. English Language Business Issues in a French-Speaking Environment: The Case of Quebec.
- Author
-
Tamilia, Robert D.
- Abstract
This report demonstrates the extent to which Quebec's laws, especially the Charter of the French Language, meant to protect and promote the French language, are actually hurting the present and future use of the English language in that province. It is shown that, through court decisions, individual users of English, a minority, are being denied their civil liberty of freedom of expression in order to protect the collective welfare of the French majority in this portion of Canada. Numerous examples are cited in which the use of English is prohibited, and in some cases one English word or expression can be considered illegal. Intolerance for English is illustrated in laws whose clear intent is to reduce its visibility and presence in the province, in the extreme efforts taken to enforce those laws, and in francophones' public condemnation of English-speakers' use of their native language. Perceived consequences of restricting English, accepted throughout the world as the language of business, for the benefit of this regional minority include increased bilingualism among allophones and anglophones, increased unilingualism among francophones, and potential withdrawal from the Canadian-U.S. alliance. (MSE)
- Published
- 1990
18. Excitement, Tinged with Jingoism: British Public Opinion and the Falklands in Four News Magazines.
- Author
-
Bjork, Ulf Jonas
- Abstract
A study examined how four news magazines in North America and Western Europe covered British public reaction to the 1982 Falklands War. The news magazines--similar in format--represented four nations with varying degrees of closeness to Great Britain: the United States ("Time"), Canada ("Macleans"), West Germany ("Spiegel"), and Austria ("Profil"). "Time" has a conservative bias, while "Spiegel" is considered fairly radical in the opinion range of West German media. Both "Profil" and "Macleans" try to take "independent" or "liberal" stands. The results indicated that the North American magazines used polls to determine public opinion, while the European magazines relied on press comments. While polls undoubtedly were more representative of the public as a whole (the majority supported the war), they were less effective in showing why the public had taken a particular stand. British public opinion contrasted sharply with the view of the four news magazines. Only "Profil" attempted to show what the "new British pride" was founded upon. The outburst of "jingoism" (a term used by all four magazines) in Britain in the spring of 1982 needed to be explained to Europeans and North Americans accustomed to viewing war as undesirable and unpopular. (HTH)
- Published
- 1985
19. Framework for Policy Analysis of Alternative Patterns of International Education Dissemination.
- Author
-
Northwest Regional Educational Lab., Portland, OR. and Fish, Lawrence D.
- Abstract
Strategies for dissemination of international education materials on an international level are discussed in this paper. The analysis focuses on dissemination frameworks applicable to member countries of the Pacific Circle Consortium. These countries are Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, and the United States. Section one of the report explains dissemination activities of eight educational research and development agencies within the Consortium countries. Section two summarizes findings of seven studies conducted in recent years concerning the structure and effectiveness of dissemination efforts in the United States. Section three presents a framework for analyzing dissemination patterns. The framework can be used by different nations whose educational systems have diverse structures and goals. This framework provides guidance for the Consortium agencies to document and analyze their international dissemination efforts as they design and implement effective processes for disseminating the results of the research and development from other countries. (AV)
- Published
- 1982
20. Government and International Relations. Resource Unit VI, Grade 5. Providence Social Studies Curriculum Project.
- Author
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Providence Public Schools, RI. and Rhode Island Coll., Providence.
- Abstract
GRADES OR AGES: Grade 5. SUBJECT MATTER: Social studies; government and international relations of the United States and Canada. ORGANIZATION AND PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: The central part of the guide is divided into 4 subunits, each of which is laid out in three columns, one each for topics, activities, and materials. Other sections are in list form. The guide is mimeographed and staple-bound with a paper cover. OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES: General objectives for the unit are listed on the first page. Each group of activities in the second column is related to a topic in the first column. A separate section lists several supplemental activities. INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Each group of materials listed in the third column is related to one or more activities. In addition several appendixes contain curriculum materials and a list of related books. STUDENT ASSESSMENT: A one-page section entitled "Evaluation" lists ideas students should understand by the end of the unit. OPTIONS: The guide is prescriptive as to course content and timing. Activities and materials listed are optional. (RT)
- Published
- 1968
21. A 'New Partnership' for Indigenous Peoples: Can the United Nations Make a Difference?
- Author
-
Barsh, Russel Lawrence
- Abstract
Reports that, in December 1991, the United Nations General Assembly unanimously agreed to establish "A New Partnership" program to help the world's indigenous peoples. Contends that the "Americanized New World Order" will not last and indigenous peoples will make social and political advances. (CFR)
- Published
- 1993
22. Foreign Direct Investment Liberalization Between Canada and the USA: A CGE Investigation.
- Author
-
Mérette, Marcel, Papadaki, Evangelia, Hernandez, Jorge, and Lan, Yu
- Subjects
FOREIGN investments ,FINANCIAL liberalization ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,GOVERNMENT policy ,INTERNATIONAL economic integration ,INTERNATIONAL markets ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,MICROECONOMICS ,ECONOMIC trends - Abstract
In this paper, we develop a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to shed quantitative light on the implications of a scenario of deeper economic integration between Canada and the United States, where the barriers for foreign direct investment are preferentially eliminated. Our model distinguishes between the activities of domestic and foreign-owned firms at the microeconomic level, both in terms of demand and production characteristics. Overall our findings suggest that further investment liberalization between the two countries will accelerate the shaping of Canada’s industrial structure, as manifested by recent trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. NAFTA and Higher Education: The Cultural and Educational Dimensions of Trade.
- Author
-
Altbach, Philip G.
- Abstract
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which promises closer economic relations between Canada, the United States, and Mexico, has implications for higher education. These include the need for better understanding of the different educational systems, more educational and cultural exchange, and expanded area studies and language instruction. (MSE)
- Published
- 1994
24. THE IMPERIAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CANADIAN-AMERICAN RECIPROCITY PROPOSALS OF 1911.
- Author
-
Potter, Simon J.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERNATIONAL alliances ,POLITICAL science - Abstract
This article builds on the recent willingness among British, Canadian, and imperial historians to question older national histories, and to re-examine how the divergent societies, economies, and polities of the empire once interacted in a wider 'British world'. It argues that the press acted as a key mechanism for the transmission of political ideas through the permeable internal boundaries of empire. This is demonstrated through analysis of contemporary debate over the Canadian American reciprocity proposals of 1911. This controversy provided an opportunity for political groups in Britain and Canada to use the press to forge alliances with each other and work together on a specific issue. Two key forces made this possible. In Britain, constructive imperialists had since 1903 sought to rally Dominion support for tariff reform, initially with limited success. In Canada, neither western farmers nor eastern manufacturers seemed interested in imperial preference. It was the reciprocity proposals that changed the situation, providing the second driving force. Canadian manufacturing interests, seeking to prevent the lowering of tariff barriers against United States rivals, began to court British constructive imperialists. As a result political conflict was reshaped both in colony and metropole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The road to recovery: Comparing Canada and US recovery strategies for shared endangered species La voie du rétablissement: une comparaison entre les stratégies du Canada et des États-Unis en faveur du rétablissement des espèces partagées en voie de disparition
- Author
-
Olive, Andrea
- Subjects
ECONOMIC recovery ,BUSINESS cycles ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Geographer is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. International education as soft power? The contributions and challenges of Canadian foreign policy to the internationalization of higher education.
- Author
-
Trilokekar, Roopa
- Subjects
GLOBAL studies ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,DEVELOPMENT assistance program administration ,ACTIVITY programs in higher education ,CULTURAL relations ,INTELLECTUAL cooperation ,FEDERAL government ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
This paper explores the role of the Canadian federal government in two foreign policy areas: overseas development assistance and international cultural relations by providing a brief history of the federal government’s engagement in both policy areas and highlighting the contributions and challenges of Canadian foreign policy to the internationalization of Canadian higher education. More broadly, the paper explores the unique characteristics of the Canadian federal government’s role in higher education policy making, and in particular, its relations with academics and the university community. Ironically in a world increasingly characterized by greater international education flows, in Canada, there has been a narrowing of vision, a focus on more short rather than long term objectives and a limited engagement of dialogue between academics and the government to promote both development assistance and international education as Canada’s soft power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The Middle East in Canadian foreign policy and national identity formation.
- Author
-
Wildeman, Jeremy
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
While often overlooked, the Middle East has been a pivotal geographical and discursive space in Canadian foreign policy and national identity formation. The region was the birthplace of Canada's liberal internationalist foreign policy identity, Pearsonianism, and the national myths associated with it. The Middle East also appears to be where Pearsonianism was later superseded by a more realist foreign policy approach, centred on key bilateral relationships with Western countries and a shared sense of Western civilisation. For reasons tied to identity formation and how Canadians perceive their place in the world, the Middle East is therefore a deeply contested space in the domestic arena and a site of deep divisions today. With the support of three contemporary case studies—Israel and Palestine, Saudi Arabia, and Iran—this paper explores how Canada's ties to the Middle East have shaped and continue to shape Canada's foreign policy, national identity, and place in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Patient partner perspectives on compensation: Insights from the Canadian Patient Partner Survey.
- Author
-
Dhamanaskar, Roma, Tripp, Laura, Vanstone, Meredith, Canfield, Carolyn, Levasseur, Mary Anne, and Abelson, Julia
- Subjects
HEALTH policy ,PATIENT participation ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,GIFT giving ,SELF-evaluation ,MEDICAL consultants ,FAMILIES ,MEDICAL care ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,QUALITATIVE research ,SURVEYS ,RESPONSIBILITY ,COMPARATIVE studies ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,PSYCHOLOGY of caregivers ,WAGES ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,RESEARCH funding ,CONTENT analysis ,TRANSLATIONAL research ,SOCIAL responsibility - Abstract
Introduction: There is a growing role for patients, family members and caregivers as consultants, collaborators and partners in health system settings in Canada. However, compensation for this role is not systematized. When offered, it varies in both type (e.g., one‐time honorarium, salary) and amount. Further, broad‐based views of patient partners on compensation are still unknown. We aimed to describe the types and frequency of compensation patient partners have been offered and their attitudes towards compensation. Methods: This study uses data from the Canadian Patient Partner Study (CPPS) survey. The survey gathered the experiences and perspectives of those who self‐identified as patient partners working across the Canadian health system. Three questions were about compensation, asking what types of compensation participants had been offered, if they had ever refused compensation, and whether they felt adequately compensated. The latter two questions included open‐text comments in addition to menu‐based and scaled response options. Basic frequencies were performed for all questions and open‐text comments were analyzed through inductive qualitative content analysis. Results: A total of 603 individuals participated in the CPPS survey. Most respondents were never or rarely offered salary (81%), honorarium (64%), gift cards (80%) or material gifts (93%) while half were offered conference registration and expenses at least sometimes. A total of 129 (26%) of 499 respondents reported refusing compensation. Of 511 respondents, half felt adequately compensated always or often, and half only sometimes, rarely or never. Open‐text comments revealed positive, ambivalent and negative attitudes towards compensation. Attitudes were framed by perceptions about their role, sentiments of giving back to the health system, feelings of acknowledgement, practical considerations, values of fairness and equity and accountability relationships. Conclusions: Our findings confirm that compensation is not standardized in Canada. Half of survey respondents routinely feel inadequately compensated. Patient partners have diverse views of what constitutes adequate compensation inclusive of personal considerations such as a preference for volunteering, and broader concerns such as promoting equity in patient partnership. Organizations should attempt to ensure that compensation practices are clear, transparent and attentive to patient partners' unique contexts. Patient Contribution: Two patient partners are members of the CPPS research team and have been fully engaged in all study phases from project conception to knowledge translation. They are co‐authors of this manuscript. The survey was co‐designed and pilot tested with patient partners and survey participants were patient partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. THE OPENING OF THE NORTHERN SEA ROUTES: THE IMPLICATIONS FOR GLOBAL SHIPPING AND FOR CANADA'S RELATIONS WITH ASIA.
- Author
-
Stephens, Hugh
- Subjects
TRADE routes ,MARITIME shipping ,CANADIAN foreign relations ,PANAMA Canal (Panama) ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
All the excitement around the great possibilities that the opening of the Northwest Passage could offer the shipping industry -- and Canada -- could not last. Just a few years ago, as sea ice in the North seemed to be steadily melting away, observers were eagerly tallying up the savings in time, fuel and costs that a reliably ice-free route across the top of the planet would provide for shippers. A couple of trial runs only confirmed that for shipments from Asia to Europe or North America, or the other way around, the route could shave thousands of kilometres off each trip, compared to journeys through the Suez or Panama canals. Rapid growth in shipping traffic across the Northwest Passage and its sister route, the Northern Sea Route, seemed not just inevitable, but imminent. Just a short while later, it now seems neither imminent nor inevitable. The retreat in sea ice may persist, but it is evident that due to regular fluctuations in ice coverage, the Northwest Passage will not be reliably ice-free for many, many years, if ever. Shipping may be more possible through the Northwest Passage than it was in the past, but it will not be consistently unobstructed. The challenges of ice combined with Arctic weather conditions may well mean that any shipping through the passage is slower than expected. Other complicating factors include uncharted or poorly charted sea lanes and the difficulty in securing insurance for Arctic shipping. At the same time, the competition from alternate routes is only becoming more intense, with expansions in both the Suez and Panama Canals and the potential for a new canal across Nicaragua. Regarding the Northwest Passage, Canada lacks much of the infrastructure in the North that would make Arctic passage a strong competitor, including multiple ports enroute and sufficient icebreaking equipment. There are still advantages that might draw some shipping away from traditional routes to the northern passages, particularly for the movement of western resources to growing Asian markets. But even moderate levels of shipping through the Northwest Passage do have the potential to change Canada's relationship with its Asian trading partners, especially China. The Canadian and Chinese governments share a number of priorities regarding the Arctic, including environmental protection, safer navigation and resource development. These will provide opportunities for more dialogue and engagement between the two countries. While the Northwest Passage may not become the important trans-shipment route to Asia once imagined by enthusiastic observers, the most meaningful impact that a more useful route may provide is to alter, and improve, the course of Canada's relations in the Asia-Pacific region. This paper seeks to examine likely developments and trends in Arctic shipping given the shrinkage of the polar ice cap, and to situate these trends in the broader context of changing global maritime and trade realities with particular focus on their impact on trade with Asia. There are implications for Canada and its relations with Asia, especially China, that flow from these developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
30. From Sudbury to Sogog: Stories from a Canadian student's Health Promotion Without Borders excursion to Mongolia.
- Author
-
Deibert, Shelby L., Ritchie, Stephen D., Oddson, Bruce, Michel, Ginette, and Tetzlaff, Emily J.
- Subjects
IMMIGRANTS ,VACATIONS ,UNDERGRADUATES ,CULTURE ,ETHNOLOGY ,REFLECTION (Philosophy) ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,SERVICE learning ,HEALTH promotion ,VALUES (Ethics) - Abstract
Copyright of Diversity of Research in Health Journal / Revue de la Diversité de la Recherche en Santé is the property of Diversity of Research in Health Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Defining, Agreeing on, and Testing an International Physical Therapy Core Data Set: Results of a Feasibility Study Involving Seven Countries.
- Author
-
Holdsworth, Lesley K., Webster, Valerie S., and Rafferty, Daniel
- Subjects
HEALTH outcome assessment ,DATABASE management ,HOSPITAL admission & discharge ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,LONGITUDINAL method ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL history taking ,PATIENTS ,PHYSICAL therapy ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,RESEARCH funding ,SCALES (Weighing instruments) ,SELF-evaluation ,VISUAL analog scale ,ACQUISITION of data ,CONTENT mining ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,STANDARDS - Abstract
Background. To date, there has been no attempt to describe or compare physical therapy as practiced globally, nor any evidence that an international data set exists to support this effort. It is known that research evidence can be used in strategic and tactical ways, especially within the highly politicized context of the policy arena. The International Private Practitioners Association recognized the potential value a global evidence base could have in influencing policy and supporting professional development in a number of countries, yet it lacked a mechanism to achieve these aims. Objectives. The purposes of this study were: (1) to identify and test an international data set, definitions, and means of data collection and (2) to establish views in relation to the value of international collaborations. Design. A mixed, prospective design was used in the study. Method. Phase 1 (2006-2007) involved the development of a data set, definitions, and Web-based and paper-based data collection options involving 98 physical therapists from 68 physical therapy practices in 7 countries. Phase 2 (2008-2009) involved testing of the data set in 34 practices involving 3,195 patient episodes and included physical therapist feedback of experience, local relevance of the data set, and value of international collaborations. Results. Testing confirmed the relevance and reliability of the data set and definitions and a preference for Web-based data collection (74.0%). Physical therapist feedback supported these findings. Most respondents (60.0%-100.0%) reported the value of further international collaborations for their profession nationally or internationally. Limitations. Although a true international collaboration, the limited sample size should be recognized. Conclusions. It is possible to develop an agreed-upon international data set and means of data collection. Testing appears to support its acceptability and relevance for use in practice. Participants highly valued the opportunity to undertake international collaborations that may benefit their profession nationally and internationally. Further testing and use of the data set are advocated before final validation is sought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. A comparative analysis of regulations for the geologic storage of carbon dioxide.
- Author
-
Condor, Jose, Unatrakarn, Datchawan, Asghari, Koorosh, and Wilson, Malcolm
- Subjects
GEOLOGICAL carbon sequestration ,COMPARATIVE studies ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Abstract: This paper presents a summary of the main international and national regulations for geologic storage of carbon dioxide. The international group includes the EU Directives, London Convention, and OSPAR. For the national regulations, three countries were covered in this study: United States, Canada, and Australia. In addition to these regulations, a group of guidelines and best practice manuals were also included in this study. As discussion, although this paper recognizes that current legislations have contributed for the regulation of this technology, it is still necessary the development of new rules in other regions. Industry will not invest in large CCS plants without such regulations because of high CCS costs and large financial risks related to CCS. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Negotiating the Religious Dimension in Foreign Policy.
- Author
-
Geislerova, Marketa
- Subjects
RELIGION & international relations ,RELIGION ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,POLITICAL philosophy ,DIPLOMACY ,RELIGION & state ,CANADIAN foreign relations - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Public Policy is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The American school of IPE.
- Author
-
Maliniak, Daniel and Tierney, MichaelJ.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,POLITICAL philosophy ,PHILOSOPHY of economics ,PHILOSOPHY of education ,SURVEYS - Abstract
This paper uses the results of the Teaching, Research, and International Policy (TRIP) project: a multi-year study of the international relations (IR) field in order to discern the major characteristics of international political economy scholarship in the United States today. It finds that, like Benjamin Cohen's depiction of the American school, IPE in the United States is increasingly positivist, quantitative, and liberal in orientation. It employs data from a journal article database that tracks trends in publication patterns. It also analyzes data from two surveys of IR scholars in the United States and Canada that were conducted in the fall of 2006. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Union Democracy and Union Renewal : The CAW Public Review Board.
- Author
-
Eaton, Jonathan
- Subjects
LABOR union democracy ,LABOR union members ,LABOR unions ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,REVIEW committees ,DEMOCRACY - Abstract
Copyright of Industrial Relations / Relations Industrielles is the property of Universite Laval, Department of Industrial Relations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Memories of Internment: Narrating Japanese Canadian Women's Life Stories.
- Author
-
Sugiman, Pamela
- Subjects
INTERNMENT of Japanese Canadians, 1942-1945 ,WOMEN'S history ,MEMORY ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Sociology is the property of Canadian Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Trends, topics, and visualization analysis of global scientific production on maternal mortality from postpartum hemorrhage: A 5-year bibliometric analysis.
- Author
-
Barja-Ore, John, Chafloque Chavesta, Jhonny, Pastuso, Pamela, Espinoza-Carhuancho, Fran, and Mayta-Tovalino, Frank
- Subjects
PUBLISHING ,POSTPARTUM hemorrhage ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,RESEARCH methodology ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,MATERNAL mortality ,DATA analysis software ,MEDICAL research ,WOMEN'S health - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Maternal death generates a great impact on public health, and it is recognized that its main cause is postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Therefore, the objective was to analyze the bibliometric profile of the world scientific production on maternal mortality due to PPH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bibliometric study that included original articles indexed in Scopus, identified by means of a search strategy that included MESH terms and logical operators. Bibliometric indicators were estimated with the SciVal tool, and the VOSwiever program was used for co-occurrence networks by key terms and co-authorship by country. RESULTS: There has been an increase in the number of publications in the past 5 years. Regarding co-occurrence, the most frequent terms were "postpartum hemorrhage" and "maternal mortality." The United States and the United Kingdom are positioned as those with the highest density of publications; in addition, Australia evidences collaboration with Canada and South Korea. Publications with national collaboration were more frequent (36%). BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth is the most productive journal, although BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology has a higher normalized impact. The authors with the highest scientific output belong to an institution in the Netherlands. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Leiden University are the most productive. CONCLUSION: Scientific activity on maternal mortality due to PPH is increasing and its main means of dissemination are high-impact journals. National collaboration was more frequent, with the active participation of authors and institutions from the Netherlands and the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Reason over passion: Pierre Trudeau, human rights, and Canadian foreign policy.
- Author
-
McKercher, Asa
- Subjects
HUMAN rights ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Within the literature on human rights, the 1970s are often viewed as a period in which rights achieved a breakthrough globally. While rights regimes, activist networks, and the overall discourse of human rights certainly came into their own during this decade, the rights revolution had its limitations, particularly at the international level. In the Canadian context, the government of Pierre Trudeau advanced a domestic rights program, culminating in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. In terms of foreign policy, however, Trudeau was far more cautious. Tracing Pierre Trudeau's stance toward international human rights, this article points to the prime minister's realist outlook as having delimited the place of rights in Canadian foreign policy during his time in office. Thus, there was little enthusiasm on the part of the Canadian government to support self-determination movements, to impose bilateral sanctions against abhorrent regimes, or to loudly condemn rights violators when doing so would seemingly accomplish little. The point of this paper is not to condemn Trudeau, but rather to understand why Canada's rights revolution stopped at the water's edge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. GOVERNMENT IN CANADA AND THE UNITED STATES COMPARED.
- Author
-
HOAR, GEORGE F.
- Subjects
CANADA-United States relations ,AMERICAN Revolutionary War, 1775-1783 ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
A conference paper comparing the governments in the U.S. and Canada is presented. It discusses the desire the U.S. had to become allies with Canada during the War of Independence. It talks about the physical characteristics of the U.S. and Canadian border and how these promote an alliance. The author explains why an alliance with Canada is essential for the U.S.
- Published
- 1891
40. The challenges of federalism to Canada's international trade relations: The Canada-European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement.
- Author
-
Tejpar, Ali
- Subjects
FEDERAL government - Abstract
As one of the first "second-generation" free trade agreements that address indirect and non-tariff barriers, the Canada-European Union Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) is likely to serve as an international model. CETA, however, highlights significant challenges for Canadian federalism in both the negotiation and implementation processes of this and any such future trade agreements. While the inclusion of sub-federal governments allows for provinces/territories to help shape the provisions that fall within their jurisdictions, this paper argues that subsequent challenges arise in conveying a unified Canadian commitment to implement the agreement. Overall, the CETA negotiations demonstrated the significant institutional weaknesses of current federal-provincial/territorial relations with respect to international trade agreements. In the Canadian context, this suggests a need for ''summit federalism'' to ensure that all federal-provincial/territorial governments align their terms and interests and convey a unified commitment to fulfilling Canada's current and future international trade agreements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. America's rebalance to the Asia-Pacific: The impact on Canada's strategic thinking and maritime posture.
- Author
-
Sloan, Elinor
- Subjects
BALANCE of power ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
This paper examines the impact of the US pivot to the Asia-Pacific on Canada's strategic thinking and maritime posture. It highlights elements of the US rebalance before examining Canada's recent past, present, and future strategic and military engagement. Canada wants to be able to contribute to crisis de-escalation if regional tensions lead to conflict, yet the Royal Canadian Navy has less deployment capacity today than it has had in 25 years. To contribute to mediatory influence, and provide warfighting capability, a recapitalized navy should increase deployments to the region, forward deploy some naval assets, and ensure interoperability with its US counterpart. In the event of a crisis, a choice might have to be made between a neutral, honest-broker stance and a more likely decision to contribute forces to a US-led coalition. The first step in either case is to be in the Asia-Pacific region with capable and credible naval forces. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. At the limit of acceptable risk: The Canadian Operational Mentor and Liaison Team, 2006–2011.
- Author
-
Burtch, Andrew
- Subjects
ARMED Forces ,MILITARY personnel's injuries ,WAR ,CANADIAN foreign relations ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Canada's first fighting season in Kandahar was traumatic. More than 40 soldiers were killed and several hundred injured. The unexpected strength of the insurgents' offensive was, in the Canadian experience, made worse by the extremely disappointing performance of the Afghan National Army and Afghan National Police. Improving the capabilities of the Afghan National Security Forces soon became an urgent concern and possible exit strategy. Part of Canada's answer was the Operational Mentor and Liaison Team (OMLT), which consisted of small groups of soldiers working side by side with Afghan forces to build their capability. This paper, based on interviews with former OMLT mentors, examines the origins and expansion of the Canadian OMLT, and offers an initial assessment of its impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. THE COLOMBIA-CANADA FREE TRADE AREA: A PARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM SIMULATION.
- Author
-
Pereira Villa, Catherine, Gómez Abella, Daniel, and Omar Herrera, Luis
- Subjects
FREE trade ,INTERNATIONAL trade ,ECONOMIC equilibrium ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Copyright of Semestre Económico is the property of Sello Editorial de la Universidad de Medellin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
44. The Limits of Alliance: Cold War Solidarity and Canadian Wheat Exports to China, 1950-1963.
- Author
-
DONAGHY, GREG and STEVENSON, MICHAEL D.
- Subjects
- *
WHEAT , *COLD War, 1945-1991 , *EXPORTS , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *INTERNATIONAL trade ,CANADIAN foreign relations - Abstract
Although Canada was a committed member of the western alliance and publically supported Washington, DC's efforts to isolate communist China, Ottawa embarked on large-scale wheat sales to Beijing in the late 1950s in the face of sustained US opposition. Drawing on a broad range of archival records, this paper explores the three main factors that encouraged the Canadian government in this course: growing doubts about the wisdom of isolating communist China; mounting anger at Washington, DC'S use of subsidized wheat sales to capture traditional Canadian markets; and a surging sense of Canadian nationalism that sought a distinct role for Canada on the world stage. Clearly, as was so often the case in postwar Canadian foreign economic policy, a narrowly defined national interest easily trumped the ideological pressures of western solidarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. MÉXICO Y EL ESCENARIO DE AMÉRICA DEL NORTE: 2000-2006.
- Author
-
CHACÓN, SUSANA
- Subjects
MEXICAN foreign relations, 2000- ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,POLICY sciences ,NEGOTIATION ,CONFLICT management ,NATIONAL security ,DIPLOMACY ,CANADIAN foreign relations - Abstract
Copyright of Foro Internacional is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2008
46. The Homeland Security Dilemma: Imagination, Failure and the Escalating Costs of Perfecting Security.
- Author
-
Harvey, Frank P.
- Subjects
- *
NATIONAL security , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Besieged by insurgencies in Afghanistan and Iraq and gripped by mounting pressure to enhance security and public safety at home, officials in Washington and Ottawa are now confronted with a serious homeland security dilemma: the greater the financial costs, public sacrifice and political capital invested in security, the higher the public's expectations and corresponding standards for measuring performance, the more significant the public's sense of insecurity after each failure, and, paradoxically, the higher the pressure on governments and citizens to sacrifice even more to achieve perfect security. The paradox of security dilemmas at the international level (Jervis, 1976, 1978) explains why perfectly rational decisions to enhance power actually diminish security by promoting unstable spirals in competitive defence spending--a common account of escalating military budgets throughout much of the Cold War. The homeland security dilemma represents the post-9/l I equivalent for domestic politics in the war on terrorism. The paper's central argument can be summed up by the following counterintuitive thesis: the more security you have, the more security you will need, not because enhancing security makes terrorism more likely (although the incentive for terrorists to attack may increase as extremists feel duty bound to demonstrate their ongoing relevance), but because enormous investments in security inevitably raise public expectations and amplify public out-rage after subsequent failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Reluctant partner: Canada's relationship with the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO).
- Author
-
Dmitrienko, Klaudia
- Subjects
WORLD health ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation ,WORLD War II ,CANADIAN foreign relations ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Despite a strong commitment to multilateralism and international health cooperation in the post World War II era, Canada refrained from joining the Pan American Health Organization - PAHO until 1971. Drawing on letters and memos sent between Canadian diplomats and government representatives, this paper explores official Canadian accounts of the factors that delayed Canada's membership in PAHO. These factors include the initial lack of official relations between Canada and Latin America, US hegemony in the region, and budgetary constraints. Canada's cautious position regarding PAHO is also placed within the context of Canada's overall foreign policy to the region, emphasizing the parallels between Canada's reluctant association with PAHO and the evolution of Canada's engagement with the region as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
48. Whither internationalism?
- Author
-
Munton, Don
- Subjects
INTERNATIONALISM ,CANADIAN foreign relations ,PUBLIC opinion ,INTERNATIONAL cooperation ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
In this article, the author explores the practice of public internationalism in Canada. According to the author, internationalism became the watchword of Canadian foreign policy during the so-called golden era of the early post-World War II years. His findings show that most Canadians still support internationalism of various types in the 1990s. He also indicates that public aspirations about internationalist involvement normally exceed government resources, as was perhaps reflected in the 1985 debate over the foreign policy green paper of Prime Minister Joe Clark.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. RESTRUCTURING FINANCE CAPITAL: CHANGES IN THE CANADIAN CORPORATE NETWORK 1976-1986.
- Author
-
Carroll, William K. and Lewis, Scott
- Subjects
- *
CORPORATE finance , *PRODUCTION scheduling , *CORPORATE reorganizations , *GLOBALIZATION , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
On the basis of a network analysis of interlocks among the largest Canadian corporations, this paper examines the restructuring of finance capital between 1976 and 1986, a time of great flux in the structure of capital, both internationally and in Canada. Results indicate a shift away from the relatively depersonalized system of `polyarchic financial hegemony' - prevalent during the post-war boom era - towards a `holding system' of family-controlled enterprise groups, the largest of which are self-contained financial-industrial complexes whose members are linked by complicated patterns of intercorporate ownership and capital allocation. The increasingly internationalized - and particularly continental - character of Canadian-based finance capital points to the consolidation of a circuit of transnational finance capital that expresses Canada's specific location in the global economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Public Opinion and Foreign Policy Options in Canada.
- Author
-
Murray, J. Alex and LeDuc, Lawrence
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,PUBLIC opinion polls ,PUBLIC opinion ,NATIONALISM - Abstract
This article examines the role of public opinion in Canada's attempt to lessen its dependence on the United States and seek closer ties with European and Asian countries. Employing national survey data collected over a three-year period, the authors argue that widespread public support for new directions in foreign policy has not developed in Canada in spite of the climate of increasing nationalism and the shift in government policy. Attitudes toward the problem of foreign investment, domestic economic issues, trade agreements, and Canadian participation in international peacekeeping forces are also reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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