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2. The Rise and Fall of Sino-American Post-Secondary Partnerships. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.12.2020
- Author
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University of California, Berkeley. Center for Studies in Higher Education, Gurtov, Mel, Julius, Daniel J., and Leventhal, Mitch
- Abstract
This article examines the rise and fall of a golden age of engagement between American and Chinese institutions of higher education. We assess the political context, examine institutional and demographic variables associated with successful initial joint efforts, and explore why current relationships are unraveling. The authors do not assume alignment in the interests promoting initial cooperation between the United States and China but a convergence of mutual interests. The paper discusses operational realities underpinning support for engagement (a need for coordination in organizational infrastructure, faculty support and what are referred to as "administrative nuts and bolts") associated with meaningful and long-term agreements. We present evidence of a dramatic decline in Sino-U.S. cooperative endeavors in post-secondary education and suggest that a new paradigmatic shift is underway and consider what this might mean for future engagement efforts. Finally, the paper poses recommendations to American institutional leaders for next steps to continue engagement with China.
- Published
- 2020
3. China under the Four Modernizations: Part 2. Selected Papers Submitted to the Joint Economic Committee. Congress of the United States, Ninety-Seventh Congress, Second Session.
- Author
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Joint Economic Committee, Washington, DC.
- Abstract
The politics and performance of the post-Mao Chinese government (1976 to the present) in the areas of foreign economic relations and Sino-American normalization are examined. Realizing that the four modernizations program for bringing up to date agriculture, industry, science and technology, and defense, initiated by Mao's successors in 1977, was too ambitious, China's current leadership is in the process of adjusting, reorienting, and retrenching the program into something more pragmatic, realistic, and attainable. Included among the topics discussed in this publication are: China's international trade and finance; China's capital construction and the prospects for foreign participation; China's hard currency export potential and import capacity through 1985; Sino-Japanese economic relations; China's grain imports; Chinese general agreement on tariff and trade; normalization of U.S. commercial relations with China; recent developments in China's trade practices; emerging functions of formal legal institutions in China's modernization; recent developments in China's treatment of intellectual property; U.S. firms in China trade; overcoming hindrances and impediments in U.S.-Chinese commercial negotiations; and the U.S.-China Joint Economic Committee. (RM)
- Published
- 1982
4. END 2015: International Conference on Education and New Developments. Conference Proceedings (Porto, Portugal, June 27-29, 2015)
- Author
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World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS) (Portugal) and Carmo, Mafalda
- Abstract
We are delighted to welcome you to the International Conference on Education and New Developments 2015-END 2015, taking place in Porto, Portugal, from 27 to 29 of June. Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. Our International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. Our goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2015 received 528 submissions, from 63 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form as Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. It was accepted for presentation in the conference, 176 submissions (33% acceptance rate). The conference also includes a keynote presentation from an internationally distinguished researcher, Professor Dr. Martin Braund, Adjunct Professor at Cape Peninsula University of Technology in Cape Town, South Africa and Honorary Fellow in the Department of Education at the University of York, UK, to whom we express our most gratitude. This volume is composed by the proceedings of the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2015), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.) and had the help of our respected media partners that we reference in the dedicated page. This conference addressed different categories inside the Education area and papers are expected to fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. To develop the conference program we have chosen four main broad-ranging categories, which also cover different interest areas: (1) In TEACHERS AND STUDENTS: Teachers and Staff training and education; Educational quality and standards; Curriculum and Pedagogy; Vocational education and Counseling; Ubiquitous and lifelong learning; Training programs and professional guidance; Teaching and learning relationship; Student affairs (learning, experiences and diversity); Extra-curricular activities; Assessment and measurements in Education. (2) In PROJECTS AND TRENDS: Pedagogic innovations; Challenges and transformations in Education; Technology in teaching and learning; Distance Education and eLearning; Global and sustainable developments for Education; New learning and teaching models; Multicultural and (inter)cultural communications; Inclusive and Special Education; Rural and indigenous Education; Educational projects. (3) In TEACHING AND LEARNING: Educational foundations; Research and development methodologies; Early childhood and Primary Education; Secondary Education; Higher Education; Science and technology Education; Literacy, languages and Linguistics (TESL/TEFL); Health Education; Religious Education; Sports Education. (4) In ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES: Educational policy and leadership; Human Resources development; Educational environment; Business, Administration, and Management in Education; Economics in Education; Institutional accreditations and rankings; International Education and Exchange programs; Equity, social justice and social change; Ethics and values; Organizational learning and change. The proceedings contain the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to teaching, learning and applications in Education nowadays. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, who will extend our view in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues, by sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. (Individual papers contain references.)
- Published
- 2015
5. Eurasian Higher Education Leaders Forum Conference Proceedings (Astana, Kazakhstan, August 20-21, 2012)
- Author
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Reagan, Timothy and Sagintayeva, Aida
- Abstract
This publication presents a diverse collection written by a well-respected group of speakers and authors which includes government leaders, policy makers, education experts and administrators from all over the higher education world. The papers collected hereunder represent the conference proceedings of the Eurasian Higher Education Leaders' Forum held 20-21 August 2012 at the GSE (Graduate School of Education) at Nazarbayev University in Astana, Kazakhstan. The Forum was set up to further the GSE's aim of bringing together international communities of educators, researchers and leaders who will draw on robust research to address pressing education policy issues and provide innovative, evidence-based advice to policymakers and practitioners both locally and internationally. The presentation speeches, case studies and research articles in this compendium offer unique perspectives on the future of higher education, showcasing the breadth and depth of opinions from different corners of the world. Most papers feature case studies of higher education institutions - and, indeed, faculty - dealing with the demands on higher education brought about by the post-industrial era, globalization and the internationalization of education. The authors examine the issues surrounding education reform and the challenges that institutions face in the 21st century. They raise debates on quality assurance, university autonomy and accountability, university governance, and strategic partnerships of universities. The discussion of these themes in these conference proceedings, their innovative treatment and research methodologies, and the recommendations that the authors make will help policy makers, practitioners and researchers to draw lessons, to make comparisons and to understand how global and regional trends impact higher education internationally. Stakeholders across the field of higher education in the Eurasian sub-continent - and those with personal and academic interests in the region - will find the data and insights of special and particular interest. Keynote speeches in this proceedings include: (1) Educational Policy Achievements in Kazakhstan (Bakhytzhan Zhumagulov); (2) Education Reforms in Kazakhstan (Yerbol Orynbayev); (3) The University: A Center of Learning? (David Bridges); (4) Lessons from an American Quandary Strengthening Shared Governance in Turbulent Times (Robert Zemsky); (5) What Are Universities for in 21st Century (Michael Worton); (6) Challenges for Tertiary Education in the 21st Century (Jamil Salmi). Articles in the proceedings include: (1) A Few Global Trends and Points of Commonality in Quality Assurance in Higher Education (Alan Ruby); (2) The Impact of Standardized Testing on Education Quality: The Case of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2006 and 2009 (Duishon Shamatov); (3) Understanding Faculty Perceptions of the Current State of Higher Education Governance in Kazakhstan (Aslan Sarinzhipov, Aida Sagintayeva, and Kairat Kurakbayev); (4) Internationalization of University and Learning of University and Learning Process: Web 2.0 Dimensions (Leonids Ribickis, Igors Tipans, and Karlis Valtin); and (5) Reflection on the Development of Chinese Higher Education in the Post-Industrial Era (Serjan Uhibai). Case studies include: (1) Current State and Prospective of University Partnership Using an Example of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (Gulnara Krasnova); (2) International Relations at Universitatea Babes-Bolyai (Ioan-Aurel POP); and (3) International Collaboration of S. Toraigyrov Pavlodar State University: Science with No Boundaries (Serik Omirbayev). Individual papers contain figures and references. [This publication was produced by Nazarbayev University. Abstract modified to meet ERIC guidelines.]
- Published
- 2013
6. The Rise of China and the Departure of America: Operational Implications for Europe (2013 Joint Course Prize Paper).
- Author
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Gaugers, Sandris
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL cooperation on international cooperation , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *INTERNATIONAL economic relations , *MILITARY policy , *MILITARY strategy ,EUROPE-United States relations - Abstract
This study analyses how the rise of China will change the international system and how it will alter decisions and actions taken by the United States. As such, it will also analyse the operational implications for Europe resulting from the United States military capabilities' relocation to Asia-Pacific. This is an important topic as the European Union enters the era of new international order and faces new challenges for its security cooperation. By defining a security strategy the EU has acknowledged the importance of European cooperation as well as cooperation with the United States. Nevertheless it still examines the ways to cooperation. This paper utilises Realism -- in particular, the Power Transition Theory -- to account for China's rise and America's response to it. It combines theory with historic and contemporary actions, draws conclusions and makes recommendations. The study finds that with the United States' rebalancing of its military efforts to the Asia-Pacific, which could be compounded should the US become distracted by a crisis in East-Asia, Europeans may face a number of capability-driven operational implications as well as operational implications resulting from political differences, should they seek to undertake their own military operations. This work also analyses existing and evolving forms of security cooperation within Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
7. America's Role in the World: Challenges to American Businesses and Higher Education
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Business-Higher Education Forum, Lindsay, James M., and Daalder, Ivo H.
- Abstract
At its Summer 2003 meeting, the Business-Higher Education Forum (BHEF) engaged the questions of America's role in the post-Sept.11, 2001 world. Following a series of panel presentations, BHEF members specifically examined the important issues of sustaining, legitimating, and using American power. Six major foreign policy challenges facing the United States were identified: (1) Defeating Islamist terrorism; (2) Stemming the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction; (3) Extending the benefits of globalization; (4) Adapting to a growing China; (5) Averting catastrophic climate change; and (6) Containing virulent infectious diseases. The report concludes that America has confronted many challenges during its history, has always risen to the occasion in the past, and that it is time to do so again. The authors urge advocating a thorough and searching national debate that sees the world as it is, acknowledging both American power and its limits, understanding that accomplishing U.S. goals will often require the cooperation of others, and that there are no simple answers to these challenges.
- Published
- 2005
8. Beijing and the Paper Tiger: The Impact of the Korean War on Sino-American Relations.
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Matray, James I.
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INTERNATIONAL relations , *KOREAN War, 1950-1953 , *INTERVENTION (International law) ,CHINA-United States relations - Abstract
Mutual hostility and confrontation characterized the first two decades of relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China. This article examines the impact of the Korean War on creating and perpetuating this mutual enmity. The first half describes how the U.S. reaction to the outbreak of the Korean War and especially Chinese military intervention in the conflict removed any chance for an early reconciliation, discussing Washington's specific policies from June 1950 until the armistice in July 1953 aimed at achieving diplomatic isolation and economic punishment of China's new regime. The second half defines China's five primary postwar foreign policy goals and explains how Beijing faced strident opposition from the United States in its attempts to achieve each objective. While Washington's efforts largely failed, U.S. actions ensured that Sino-American relations would remain poisoned for fifteen more years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
9. New Zealand, Australia and the Asia-Pacific strategic balance: from trade agreements to defence white papers.
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Ayson, Robert
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL relations , *POWER (Social sciences) - Abstract
The article discusses the interest of New Zealand of building a strong relationship with the U.S. and its accommodation of China. It examines the transformation of power in the Asia-Pacific region such as the shift of the locus of global power to Asia and the changes within the region's distribution of power. It offers the analysis of Australian National University professor of strategic studies Hugh White and Hedley Bull on the major power relations and its implications on New Zealand policy.
- Published
- 2011
10. China's health silk road construction during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Zeng, Weiwei, Ding, Mengli, and Liu, Hongsong
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INTERNATIONAL relations ,PRACTICAL politics ,WORLD health ,MEDICAL care ,ORGANIZATIONAL change ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,COVID-19 pandemic ,HEALTH promotion - Abstract
China has been contributing to new approaches to global governance. The Health Silk Road (HSR), a significant component of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), was proposed by China in 2016. This paper claims that HSR is a new institution introduced alongside the existing WHO-led multilateral health system, and its relationship with the existing system can be described as layering. Having explored the new development of HSR during COVID-19, this paper further argues that while HSR has its unique strength in making contributions to global health governance and economic recovery, it faces a prominent issue of securitisation in the context of China-U.S. strategic competition, suspicion of the quality of medical products and sectoral fragmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Divergencias y convergencias de los debates autonomistas en América Latina y la Unión Europea.
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Álvarez von Gustedt, Anuschka and Gratius, Susanne
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- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *INTERREGIONALISM , *GEOPOLITICS - Abstract
In a world of growing international competition and rivalry between China and the United States, Latin America and the European Union (EU) are caught in the same thorny dilemma. Positioned between these global giants, both regions are facing a retorn to a Westphalian system of nation-states, which undermines their roles as emerging regional players. In view of these new global challenges in Latin America and the EU, this paper uses a qualitative and comparative approach to explore foreign policy discourses on autonomy in both regions. It examines their goals and priorities and assesses the potential regional and interregional consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Paper Tiger.
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Gordon, Devin, Begun, Bret, Hayden, Thomas, and Lahiri, Tripti
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INTERNATIONAL relations , *TECHNOLOGY & international relations , *MEMBERSHIP ,FOREIGN relations of the United States - Abstract
Reports efforts to stop the transfer of technology into China from the United States. Details of a task force, code-named Golden Tiger, which was designed to slow the flow of technology to China; Role of US rocket makers in the transfer of questionable technology; Why the Clinton administration has stopped funding of the task force in light of a decision on the status of China in the World Trade Organization.
- Published
- 2000
13. Time-Tested Strategies in Modern Context: A Bibliometric Study of Chemotherapy's Continued Importance in Colorectal Cancer Treatment.
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Clar-Marmaneu, Helena, García-Fernández, Alba Estela, and García-Fernández, Francisco Javier
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THERAPEUTIC use of antimetabolites ,THERAPEUTIC use of antineoplastic agents ,PHARMACOGENOMICS ,ADJUVANT chemotherapy ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,CANCER chemotherapy ,DEOXYRIBONUCLEOSIDES ,IRINOTECAN ,WORLD health ,COLORECTAL cancer ,FLUOROURACIL ,TRANSFERASES ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,THEMATIC analysis ,PHARMACEUTICAL chemistry ,OXALIPLATIN ,AUTHORSHIP ,MEDICAL research - Abstract
Simple Summary: In the treatment of colorectal cancer, classic chemotherapy drugs such as 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, trifluridine, and tipiracil have played a crucial role. Through the analysis of the top 100 most influential articles, we examined the evolution in research and current relevance, confirming the continued significance of this group of drugs despite the emergence of new treatments. The research reveals global collaboration among institutions, countries (primarily the United States, China, and Europe), and researchers, with three main themes driving the study: pharmacogenetics, new pharmaceutical formulations, and the use of adjuvants. In the landscape of colorectal cancer treatment, classical chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil, capecitabine, irinotecan, oxaliplatin, trifluridine, and tipiracil have historically played a pivotal role. This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the top 100 most influential articles focusing on these classic chemotherapy drugs in the management of colorectal cancer. With this, we shed light on their current importance, despite the emergence of new therapeutic targets and treatments in the field of oncology. Systematically evaluating research outputs, this analysis reveals a prevalence of co-authorship among institutions, countries (led by the United States, China, and Europe), and researchers highlighting the global and collaborative nature of efforts in research, utilization, and development of these drugs. Three thematic axes lead the research: pharmacogenetics, the development of new pharmaceutical forms, and the use of adjuvants. This research serves as a foundation for future endeavors, aiding researchers, clinicians, and policymakers in making informed decisions about the direction of research and development in the dynamic field of colorectal cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Paper Tigers.
- Author
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Ponnuru, Ramesh
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INTERNATIONAL relations ,FOREIGN relations of the United States, 1993-2001 ,PRESIDENTS of the United States ,UNITED States legislators ,HUMAN rights ,FREEDOM of religion - Abstract
The article criticizes the administration of United States President Bill Clinton for its neglect of human rights issues in its foreign policy towards China. China's brutal persecutions of Christians has caught the attention of people in the United States. Several conservative legislators in the United States have issued appeals for the Clinton administration to raise the issues of religious freedom and human rights in its dealing with China. The Clinton criticized those who call for raising the issues of religious freedom and human rights as radicals.
- Published
- 1997
15. AMERICAN ATTITUDES TOWARD JAPAN AND CHINA, 1937-38.
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Wright, Quincy and Nelson, Carl J.
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INTERNATIONAL relations ,SAMPLING (Process) ,FOREIGN relations of the United States ,JAPANESE foreign relations - Abstract
The article takes a look at the American attitudes toward Japan and China in 1937-38. The Chinese Cultural Society of New York published in October 1937 a reprint of 39 editorials from American papers on the Far Eastern crisis. The editor, M. Hsitien Lin wrote in the foreword "Of some 5,000 editorials which have been examined, there is none that justifies Japanese aggression or condemns Chinese resistance. In the American press Japan is almost universally treated as the aggressor and China as the victim in the undeclared war. As to American policy, the press generally favors neither extreme isolationism nor political entanglements or alliances, but a golden mean, whereby world peace, it is hoped, may be maintained." The present study is designed to test the validity of this impression as well as to test the utility of a method of attitude measurement by press sampling. It is impossible here to enter into a discussion of the relationship between beliefs as to facts and emotional attitudes such as are measured by the indices used, except to suggest that attitudes, which are at first accompanied by emotions, may in time become beliefs regarding "facts" which are taken for granted.
- Published
- 1939
- Full Text
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16. La paradoja de la política exterior de Joe Biden.
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Tovar Ruiz, Juan
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INTERNATIONAL relations , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Ostensibly, Joe Biden's victory over Donald Trump in the 2020 presidential elections should have placed United States international policy back on a familiar path. However, despite the prevalence of a highly traditional vision of US foreign policy, the Biden administration has maintained significant continuities with the previous administration, as reflected in the policy towards China and the withdrawal from Afghanistan. In part, this is due to the constraints produced by the deep divisions that exist at domestic level. This paper aims to unravel the fundamental elements of Biden's foreign policy, focusing on possible ideological and doctrinal elements, strategic priorities, and any continuities and changes relative to his predecessor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. The entrapment of asymmetry: the Philippines between the US and China.
- Author
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Tolentino, Elaine and Ham, Myungsik
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INTERNATIONAL relations ,WARSHIPS - Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the asymmetric dilemma facing the Philippines and China in the South China Sea tensions. Among American East Asian allies, the Philippines seems to stand on the frontline between two rival powers, the United States and China. Since the US declared its Pivot to Asia policy, the Philippines' foreign policy towards China has become assertive and sometimes appears reckless with some military adventures against Chinese maritime patrols and naval ships, which also further forced China to take a tougher foreign policy against the Philippines. Considering the distinctive asymmetric indicators between China and the Philippines based on military forces, economic capacity, territorial size, and population, the aggressive policy behaviors that the Philippines and China have been displaying against each other cast an inquiry on what drives the two countries into head-to-head collision. While China as the larger power vis-à-vis the Philippines as the smaller power in the relationship has aimed for control and domination of their disputed territory, the Philippines' drastic defiance has also led to China's irritation and possible frustration. Furthermore, the US' renewed attention to Asia has caused shifts of asymmetric bilateral dilemma to triangular entanglement between the US-China-Philippines. It is vital therefore to pay attention to the asymmetric interaction of states and their varying views in order to find possible solutions to the SCS tensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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18. Protecting the Paper Tiger.
- Author
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Leung, Trini
- Subjects
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SEPTEMBER 11 Terrorist Attacks, 2001 , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Focuses on the support for Americans after the United States terrorist attack in China. Presence of domestic terrorism; Anti-American sentiments of some Chinese citizens; Results of an opinion poll on US terrorism.
- Published
- 2001
19. Patent landscape of neglected tropical diseases: an analysis of worldwide patent families.
- Author
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Folahanmi Tomiwa Akinsolu, Nobre de Paiva, Vitor, Santos Souza, Samuel, Varga, Orsolya, Akinsolu, Folahanmi Tomiwa, de Paiva, Vitor Nobre, and Souza, Samuel Santos
- Subjects
CANCER chemotherapy ,DRUG patents ,DRUG resistance ,PREVENTIVE medicine ,SYMPTOMS ,PATENT statistics ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,MEDICINE ,RESEARCH ,PREVENTION - Abstract
Background: "Neglected Tropical Diseases" (NTDs) affect millions of people in Africa, Asia and South America. The two primary ways of strategic interventions are "preventive chemotherapy and transmission control" (PCT), and "innovative and intensified disease management" (IDM). In the last 5 years, phenomenal progress has been achieved. However, it is crucial to intensify research effort into NTDs, because of the emerging drug resistance. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the term NTDs covers 17 diseases, namely buruli ulcer, Chagas disease, dengue, dracunculiasis, echinococcosis, trematodiasis, human African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, leprosy, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, rabies, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthes, taeniasis, trachoma, and yaws. The aim of this study is to map out research and development (R&D) landscape through patent analysis of these identified NTDs. To achieve this, analysis and evaluation have been conducted on patenting trends, current legal status of patent families, priority countries by earliest priority years and their assignee types, technological fields of patent families over time, and original and current patent assignees.Main Body: Patent families were extracted from Patseer, an international database of patents from over 100 patent issuing authorities worldwide. Evaluation of the patents was carried out using the combination of different search terms related to each identified NTD. In this paper, a total number of 12,350 patent families were analyzed. The main countries with sources of inventions were identified to be the United States (US) and China. The main technological fields covered by NTDs patent landscape are pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, organic fine chemistry, analysis of biological materials, basic materials chemistry, and medical technology. Governmental institutions and universities are the primary original assignees. Among the NTDs, leishmaniasis, dengue, and rabies received the highest number of patent families, while human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), taeniasis, and dracunciliasis received the least. The overall trend of patent families shows an increase between 1985 and 2008, and followed by at least 6 years of stagnation.Conclusion: The filing pattern of patent families analyzed undoubtedly reveals slow progress on research and development of NTDs. Involving new players, such as non-governmental organizations may help to mitigate and reduce the burden of NTDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
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20. Introduction to 'From 'Tribute System' to 'Peaceful Rise': American Historians, Political Scientists, and Policy Analysts Discuss China's Foreign Relations'.
- Author
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Wills Jr., John E.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,INTERNET & economics ,UNITED States politics & government ,HISTORY - Abstract
The papers in this special issue are the products of a conference, 'History and China's Foreign Relations: The Achievements and Contradictions of American Scholarship, ' held at the University of Southern California in February 2008. All of us, professors, policy advisors and policy-makers, think it would be helpful if there was more informed discussion among the general public of the challenges of China's rise in the world and our responses to it, but we all acknowledge that the American public sphere is a big mess, fragmented by the apparent riches of the Internet, dumbed down to the vanishing point in the major media. Can we as scholars make some beginnings in drawing on China's long and complex history of relations with other peoples to find generalizations and patterns that help to illuminate the present for the policy elite and for the concerned public? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Papers show White House staff favored a China satellite permit.
- Author
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Gerth, Jeff and Broder, John M.
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *AMERICAN artificial satellites , *INTERNATIONAL trade ,FOREIGN relations of the United States - Abstract
Reports that the White House released internal documents showing that President Bill Clinton approved the Chinese launching of an American satellite on February of 1997. How Clinton approved the launching after his top staff advised him that the economic and diplomatic advantages outweighed the opposition of Federal prosecutors; How Clinton overruled Justice Department objections; Why Republicans question the President's decision.
- Published
- 1998
22. INTERNATIONAL OUTLOOK.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The article focuses on the outlook for U.S. foreign policy. U.S. position for a Pacific Union is explained in relation to priority given to Europe. Decisions subsequent to the release of the China White Paper are presented together with suggestions from Great Britain for order in Southeast Asia. Plans of the International Monetary Fund to restore drawing rights to Marshall Plan countries are examined as well as the signs of solid prosperity in France. The effect of the Commonwealth agreement on trade between India and Great Britain are also evaluated.
- Published
- 1949
23. Hegemonic transition in East Asia? The dynamics of Chinese and American power.
- Subjects
HEGEMONY ,DIPLOMATIC history ,TWENTIETH century ,GEOPOLITICS ,POWER (Social sciences) ,ECONOMIC development ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,EAST Asian politics & government ,EAST Asia-United States relations ,TWENTY-first century - Abstract
The rise of China is seen by some observers as a precursor of inevitable hegemonic competition in East Asia. At the very least, it seems likely that China's influence in East Asia will grow at the expense of the United States. Whether this will eventually amount to a form of hegemonic transition is far less clear. It is, therefore, an opportune moment to consider the relative strengths and weaknesses of China and the US in East Asia. This paper suggests that the nature of hegemonic competition and transition is more uncertain and complex than some of the most influential theoretical understandings of hegemony would have us believe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Anglo-American Rivalry and the Origins of U.S. China Policy.
- Author
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Keliher, Macabe
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,COLONIZATION ,LAND settlement ,ECONOMIC development ,INTERNATIONAL economic relations - Abstract
The article focuses on the rivalry between Great Britain and the U.S. in colonizing China in early and midnineteenth century. According to historians, the inception of U.S. China policy occurred in the nineteenth century during the proclamation of the Open Door policy and the possession of the Philippines as means to access the China market. The federal government colonized China to improve its economy and to increase its international influence in East Asia.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
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25. Southeast Asia and China: The Role of History and Culture in Shaping Future Relations.
- Author
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Stuart-Fox, Martin
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,BALANCE of power ,CULTURAL relations - Abstract
Despite the position of the United States as de facto global hegemon, China is a rising power in the world. As Chinese power grows, the projection of Chinese influence will be felt most acutely in Southeast Asia. Whether to accommodate, contain or resist China will depend on future developments that none can foresee, including Chinese ambitions, the policies of other international players (the U.S., Japan), and the cohesion or fragility of the Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN). This paper argues that in deciding how best to deal with China, two factors that will influence the countries of Southeast Asia are their own long histories of bilateral relations with China and their own differing conceptions of how foreign relations should be conducted. This is to argue that history and culture are central to any understanding of the likely future shape of China-Southeast Asia relations. Only by taking history and culture into account will analysts be in a position to predict how the mainland and maritime states of Southeast Asia are likely to respond to a more powerful, confident and assertive China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Politicizing the Pandemic: COVID-19 and its Impact on the Nigerian Economy.
- Author
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Olanrewaju, John Shola, Nwozor, Agaptus, and Abdulrahaman, Ajibola Abdulwasiu
- Subjects
CORONAVIRUS diseases ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,THEMATIC analysis - Abstract
This study aims to examine the connection between international politics that characterized the outbreak of COVID-19, mainly between the United States of America and China and the devastating impact of the second wave outbreak on the Nigerian economy. At the initial stage of the pandemic on the Chinese mainland, the economy of China experienced a significant decline. The efficacy of China's response to COVID-19 led to a fractional economic recovery during the pandemic. However, the internationalization of COVID-19 was greeted with a second wave in most advanced countries, such as the United States of America, Italy, and the United Kingdom, among others. The low level of preparedness and poor responses were comparably low in second-wave countries compared to China. It also examines the failure of the United States of America and China to develop a global health framework against COVID-19, as well as the Blame Game Politics that eventually played out. The politics of shifting blame between the United States of America and China, coupled with poor responses against COVID-19 in most Western countries, culminated in a devastating outbreak in low-income countries. Nigeria's COVID-19 experience severely affected the critical sectors of the economy. However, this awkward situation has heightened Nigeria's status as a major economic victim of the pandemic in Africa. The study utilized primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data were generated through the utility of Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and the secondary data were generated from textbooks, journal articles, and web-based materials. The data generated were analyzed using the logic induction method and thematic analysis. The study recommends rejigging the Nigerian economic framework and improving revenues through an Agrobased economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Demography.
- Author
-
Wittfogel, Karl A.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,CHINESE foreign relations, 1949-1976 ,SOVIET Union foreign relations, 1953-1975 ,COMMUNISM ,COMMUNISTS ,COLLECTIVISM (Political science) ,TOTALITARIANISM - Abstract
Presents information on the socio-political relationship between China and the Soviet Union. Views on the "White Paper" issued by the U.S. State Department on the United States-Chinese relations that replaced a faulty early appraisal of the Chinese communists; View that the regime that emerged on the Chinese mainland was not a satellite of the Soviet Union; Views on the political tensions between China and the Soviet Union.
- Published
- 1960
28. Acknowledge and Commit, Disagree and Continue:US China Policy for the 21st Century.
- Author
-
Roberts, Guy
- Subjects
CHINA-United States relations ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Case study comparison of the China Policies of US Presidents Bill Clinton and George W. Bush can provide insight into how the relationship can be managed in the 21
st century. A relationship built on trust and communication creates stability between America and China; trust acknowledges disagreement and reinforces commitments. Breaking agreements, making unreasonable demands, or acting for short term self interest undermines the relationship, reduces opportunity for genuine cooperation, and hampers communication when crises occur. Bush's management of the relationship was a highpoint of recent US-China interaction, and serves as a blueprint for the 21st century relationship for Australian and American elites [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2014
29. The potential for international and transnational public service advertising in public spaces in American and Chinese global cities: Conclusions from a 2010 survey of advertisements in subways in Beijing, New York, Shanghai and Washington, DC
- Author
-
Lewis, Steven W.
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *PUBLIC service advertising , *PUBLIC relations , *PUBLIC spaces , *MARKET surveys , *CITIES & towns , *NONPROFIT organizations - Abstract
Abstract: Can we construct transnational or international public service advertising to counterbalance the proliferation of transnational commercial advertising? As an important first step in exploring the possibility of such an application of shared media public diplomacy among nations, this paper describes a complete survey of commercial and public service advertisements collected from the public spaces of subway systems in American and Chinese cities in 2010 – New York, Washington, DC, Shanghai and Beijing – to reveal the range of themes of commercial and public service ads in these spaces. The study reveals first that analogous commercial and public service ads are ubiquitous in the public spaces of both Chinese and American cities. Second, many of the themes that might appear in international or transnational public service ads are already being portrayed in ads created by local or national governments or NGOs, although these themes are portrayed in ads created by different sets of actors in China and in the US: government actors and a few international NGOs in Chinese cities, and governments, corporations and non-profit organizations in the case of American cities. Finally, the survey reveals that in all four cities there are many commercial advertisements that appeal to the identity of a transnational consumer, but that there are almost no public service ads that appeal to the identity of a transnational citizen: merely local or national ones who can solve such public problems as global warming, education, and health issues. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. International Nursing Exchange and Collaboration With China: A Perspective From the South and the East.
- Author
-
Xu, Yu
- Subjects
CULTURE ,EMPLOYMENT in foreign countries ,ETHICS ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,LABOR mobility ,LEADERSHIP ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,NURSING ,SOCIAL values ,TEACHER development - Abstract
Background There are an imbalanced world power relationships and international knowledge system, as well as cultural differences across nations. Results Based on the author's international experiences, this article describes the needs and motivations of international exchange and collaboration in nursing from the perspective of both China and Western countries, examines the ethical and cultural issues involved, and suggests winning strategies. Conclusions Western educators and scholars must keep these issues and strategies in mind in order to build a productive, mutually beneficial, and sustainable international exchanges and collaboration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. ASEAN and Strategic Rivalry among the Great Powers in Asia.
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,GREAT powers (International relations) - Abstract
The article discusses the role played by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) regarding the bilateral relations among the great powers in Asia, China-U.S., China-Japan, and China-India. It is stated that China has remained a strong supporter of ASEAN's central position in regional organizations since the 1990s, and the two sides have developed an extensive framework for bilateral cooperation. The ASEAN countries themselves promote good relations within these major powers.
- Published
- 2010
32. A Segurança Energética da China e as Reações dos EUA.
- Author
-
Pautasso, Diego and de Oliveira, Lucas Kerr
- Subjects
- *
ENERGY policy , *INTERNAL security , *INTERNATIONAL relations ,CHINA-United States relations - Abstract
The objective of this paper is to analyze China's quest for energetic security and USA reaction, as well as its consequences for the international politics. The central debate is the Chinese ascension depend of external energetic supply that, consequently, unveiling the growing disputes with the USA in a scenario of international reorganization of forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Australia, America and Asia.
- Author
-
Malik, Mohan
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *NATIONAL security ,AUSTRALIAN foreign relations ,FOREIGN relations of the United States - Abstract
This article examines the changing nature of Australian-American relations in the aftermath of the Iraq imbroglio and China's rise. While many observers see differences in Australian and US approaches toward China as a reflection of different interests, it is the contention of this paper that these different Australian-US perspectives on China are, in fact, premised more on some highly skewed assumptions and fallacious beliefs, misconceptions and myths that have lately come to underlie Australia's China policy than on divergent Australian-US interests. This article looks at the proposition that China's rise has the potential to divide Australia and America but concludes that Beijing is unlikely to succeed in driving a wedge between Washington and Canberra. The shared values and shared strategic interests ensure broad support for the Australia-US alliance in Australia which has now expanded into a global partnership encompassing the transnational security issues as well as the traditional geopolitical issues of managing the rise of new powers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Franitida utmaningar för USA: s utrikespolitik: USA som utrikespolitisk aktör 2021.
- Author
-
Hallenberg, Jan
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL economic relations ,POLITICAL leadership ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,POLITICAL parties ,ARENAS ,POLITICAL participation - Abstract
The United States faces several challenges to its future foreign policy. One concerns the role that the United States should play in future international affairs. Will the political leadership choose to continue with a global, assertive foreign and security policy, or will the country's future international engagements be clearly more limited. A second challenge isthegrowth of China, and the factthat Beijing threatens the power position of the United States in several arenas. One of these arenas is the South China Sea, wheretheterritorial claimspursued by China are notaccepted by Washington. A third challenge is in international economics where the growth of China's economic poweralso threatens the power position of the United States. A fourth challenge toa continuing global foreign policy role for the country, isthat the domestic political struggles inside the country have now reached sucha level of severitythat thesystem's basic democratic foundations may be threatened if the leading members of the two political parties are unable to agree on the very fundamentals of democratic rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
35. Foreign Policy, National Identity, and Citizenship: The Roosevelt White House and the Expediency of Repeal.
- Author
-
Leong, Karen J.
- Subjects
REPEAL of legislation ,IMMIGRATION law ,FOREIGN relations of the United States ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Discusses the role of the administration of former U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) in efforts to repeal U.S. laws prohibiting individuals of Chinese descent from immigrating to the country. Information on the moral subtext of the economic argument used against Chinese immigration in the late 19th century; Analysis of the conflict between domestic policy and the aims of U.S. foreign policy in relation to the issue; Implications of the support given by FDR to the repeal.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Limited Accommodation, Perpetuated Conflict: Kennedy, China, and the Laos Crisis, 1961–1963.
- Author
-
Kochavi, N.
- Subjects
FOREIGN relations of the United States ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
Focuses on the relationship between the United States and China during the leadership of John F. Kennedy, U.S. president. Reaction of Chinese on U.S. policies; Perception of Kennedy about the Chinese; Conflicts between the two countries.
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. The Global Role of the United States in Implications for the People's Republic of China.
- Author
-
Moore, Thomas G.
- Subjects
FOREIGN relations of the United States ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,ECONOMIC conditions in China ,COLD War, 1945-1991 ,MEDICAL research - Abstract
Presents information on the relationship between the U.S. and China. Impact of the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War on the U.S.; Effects of the Cold War on China's economic and political power; Information on a conference convened by the Stanley Foundation in Seattle, Washington in July 2000.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. China in a World of Orders: Rethinking Compliance and Challenge in Beijing's International Relations.
- Author
-
Johnston, Alastair Iain
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,NATIONAL security ,EMPIRICAL research ,DIPLOMACY - Abstract
Many scholars and policymakers in the United States accept the narrative that China is a revisionist state challenging the U.S.-dominated international liberal order. The narrative assumes that there is a singular liberal order and that it is obvious what constitutes a challenge to it. The concepts of order and challenge are, however, poorly operationalized. There are at least four plausible operationalizations of order, three of which are explicitly or implicitly embodied in the dominant narrative. These tend to assume, ahistorically, that U.S. interests and the content of the liberal order are almost identical. The fourth operationalization views order as an emergent property of the interaction of multiple state, substate, nonstate, and international actors. As a result, there are at least eight "issue-specific orders" (e.g., military, trade, information, and political development). Some of these China accepts; some it rejects; and some it is willing to live with. Given these multiple orders and varying levels of challenge, the narrative of a U.S.-dominated liberal international order being challenged by a revisionist China makes little conceptual or empirical sense. The findings point to the need to develop more generalizable ways of observing orders and compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Fact and Comment.
- Author
-
FORBES, MALCOLM S.
- Subjects
BUREAUCRACY ,UNITED States politics & government ,PRESIDENTS of the United States ,CITIZENS ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The article presents the author's opinion on political and social topics as of October 1, 1970. The author focuses on the U.S. federal bureaucracy with attention paid to the fact that U.S. Presidents as well as U.S. citizens have difficulties to communicate their ideas to Government. Topics include the tension between Russia and China, a comment from U.S. President Richard Nixon concerning criminal Charles Manson, and a piece of advice from impressionist Camille Pissarro to his son.
- Published
- 1970
40. China facing the Trump presidency: Opportunities for Global Power Projection?
- Author
-
Li
- Published
- 2017
41. Royal Society Gauges Global Progress in Science.
- Author
-
Macilwain, Colin
- Subjects
INTELLECTUAL cooperation ,SCIENTIFIC community ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
In this article the author discusses the results of a study by Great Britain's Royal Society of London titled "Knowledge, Networks and Nations: Global Scientific Collaboration in the 21st Century," which investigated the global progress of science. He notes that the conclusion that drew the most interest was the competition between the U.S. and China for global scientific dominance and discusses three areas in which the report fails in its analysis regarding China's scientific dominance.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Producing Goods and Projecting Power: How What You Make Influences What You Take.
- Author
-
Markowitz, Jonathan, Fariss, Christopher, and McMahon, R. Blake
- Subjects
PRODUCTION (Economic theory) ,POWER (Social sciences) ,WEALTH ,ECONOMICS & politics ,ECONOMIC development & politics ,POLITICAL systems ,UNITED States economy ,ECONOMICS ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
How does a state's source of wealth condition the domain in which it seeks to project influence? We argue that what a state makes conditions what they take. Specifically, the less states rely on land rents to acquire wealth, the less interested they will be in seeking control over territory and the more interested they will be in securing access to distant markets. We develop and test several observable implications that should follow whether this proposition is true. First, as states become less economically dependent on territory, they should be less likely to fight over territory; second, those states should be more likely to both invest in power projection capabilities and subsequently project power at greater distances. Our findings support our theory. These results are robust across a variety of model specifications that take into account potential confounds, such as regime type, economic development, threat, and geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Creating and Managing Joint Ventures in China.
- Author
-
Davidson, William H.
- Subjects
JOINT ventures ,STRATEGIC alliances (Business) ,FOREIGN relations of the United States ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,FOREIGN investments ,BUSINESS partnerships ,ORGANIZATION ,AMERICAN corporations ,INTERNATIONAL business enterprises - Abstract
Joint ventures promise to be a critical vehicle for commercial interaction between the People's Republic of China and the rest of the world. Yet the joint venture format has proven to be an unstable and problematic form of organization in other settings. This article examines the experience of thirty U.S.-P.R.C. joint ventures. While a number of issues posed formidable challenges for all these firms, most have successfully dealt with the problems. The U.S. partners exhibited a surprising level of satisfaction with the performance of these ventures. Their experience provides useful insights for other firms contemplating or engaging in joint venture activities in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. U.S. China Policy and Disarmament.
- Author
-
Neal, Fred Warner
- Subjects
DISARMAMENT ,GOVERNMENT policy ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,ARMS control ,COMMUNISM ,DETENTE - Abstract
The article discusses the significance of the U.S. China policy and disarmament issues, which focuses on getting rid of communist control of mainland China. According to the author, it follows that the present China policy not only can not achieve its main purpose but can not be maintained without change, under any circumstances. Attempts to maintain it may jeopardize a détente with the USSR and block achievement of a meaningful disarmament agreement. Moreover, many high officials in each of the three postwar administrations, have recognized the absurdity of the China policy, but have felt helpless to do anything about it.
- Published
- 1963
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Communism's March Through China.
- Subjects
BUSINESSPEOPLE ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,WAR ,COMMUNISM - Abstract
The article discusses the plan of many U.S. businesspeople to continue operating in China in spite of indications that the Communists will defeat the nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek in 1948. Highlights of war activities in China in November 1948 are described, including Communists' acquisition of control of Manchuria and their movement south to surround Soochow. Analysts speculate on U.S. policy toward China once a Communist government is established there, such as an investigation of the chances of doing business with Communists.
- Published
- 1948
46. Red China Roars--and Asks for Parley.
- Subjects
MILITARY invasion ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The article focuses on the invasion by Red China of the Quemoy and Matsu islands in Taiwan. Chinese Premier Chou En-lai said that his government is willing to resume diplomatic talks with the U.S. which has been broken because of Washington's decision to use its Seventh Fleet to block the Red invasion. If the U.S. gave in to Red China, the U.S.-backed Nationalists would weaken their position off the China mainland. Under the two Chinas policy, the U.S. has accepted the Communists control of the mainland but refused to accept the Peking government.
- Published
- 1958
47. China--'through a glass darkly.'.
- Subjects
CHINA-United States relations ,NUCLEAR weapons ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The article reports on how the task of watching China can affect the decisions of the U.S. government in April 1966. According to China specialists, the U.S. policy toward China was too rigid and recommends that the U.S. must not isolate China even while containing it. The author adds that 198 scholars in Asia and China signed a letter criticizing U.S. policy. The difficulties involved in watching China, its progress in providing its own arms and its nuclear weapons capability are also discussed.
- Published
- 1966
48. One Incident, Two Stories: News Coverage of the Sino-US Mid-air Collision
- Author
-
Jinlong and Xiaoming
- Published
- 2010
49. A World Disarmament Conference?
- Author
-
Jack, Homer A.
- Subjects
DISARMAMENT -- Congresses ,ARMIES ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,STATESMEN ,ARMS control ,INTERNATIONAL security ,ARMS race - Abstract
The article presents a discussion of the second world disarmament conference proposal through the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament (CCD) and the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT). There had been only one "world disarmament conference" that occurred in the 20th century, which dissolved as Hitler's Germany walked out of the Conference and started openly to rearm. The effort for a world disarmament conference languished when the heads of state met in Cairo in 1964. The 27th U.N. General Assembly could not authorize a Preparatory Committee due to the rising U.S. opposition to a world disarmament conference and continued Chinese opposition.
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Prospects for Peace: The View from Beijing.
- Author
-
Deal, Jacqueline N.
- Subjects
PEACEBUILDING ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,ARMED Forces ,CULTURAL Revolution, China, 1966-1976 - Abstract
The author discusses the prospects for peace based on China's views of peace and international order. She mentions the personal history of China's leader Xi Jinping whose campaign recreated Cultural Revolution and viewed the world as both full of danger and freighted with opportunity. She also explains how Xi Jinping effectively taken over the military forces, the economy , and foreign policy and the need for the U.S. to perform emulative analysis in developing foreign policy.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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