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2. The Rise and Fall of Sino-American Post-Secondary Partnerships. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.12.2020
- Author
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University of California, Berkeley. Center for Studies in Higher Education, Gurtov, Mel, Julius, Daniel J., and Leventhal, Mitch
- Abstract
This article examines the rise and fall of a golden age of engagement between American and Chinese institutions of higher education. We assess the political context, examine institutional and demographic variables associated with successful initial joint efforts, and explore why current relationships are unraveling. The authors do not assume alignment in the interests promoting initial cooperation between the United States and China but a convergence of mutual interests. The paper discusses operational realities underpinning support for engagement (a need for coordination in organizational infrastructure, faculty support and what are referred to as "administrative nuts and bolts") associated with meaningful and long-term agreements. We present evidence of a dramatic decline in Sino-U.S. cooperative endeavors in post-secondary education and suggest that a new paradigmatic shift is underway and consider what this might mean for future engagement efforts. Finally, the paper poses recommendations to American institutional leaders for next steps to continue engagement with China.
- Published
- 2020
3. South Africans Speak: Discussion Forum Presentations 1987-1989. South African Information Exchange Working Paper Number 12.
- Author
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Institute of International Education, New York, NY. and Micou, Ann M.
- Abstract
Ten informal papers given at Discussion Forums to U.S. groups are provided which address current South African related issues as they touch upon the South African Information Exchange (SAIE) initiative. Papers have the following titles and authors: "Is There Space for American Involvement in South African Education?" (Merlyn C. Mehl); "Mapping the Future of Black South Africans in Science and Engineering Education" (Gordon Sibiya); "Education for Liberation/Transformation: The Role of Vocational Guidance and Counselling for Young Blacks" (Tahir Salie); "Education for Black South Africans: The Importance of Bursaries and Support Services for Black High School Students" (Pamela Tsolekile and Getti Mercorio); "The Community College Option: A Private Sector/Community Initiative to Break the Educational Logjam" (Stan Kahn); "UDUSA: Microcosm of a Society in Transition (Ratnamala Singh); "The Academic Boycott and Linkages Between U.S. Institutions and Eligible South African Academics" (Farouk Ameer); "Technical Education in South Africa and the Political Implications" (Brian De L. Figaji); "The Struggle to Realise the Freedom Charter in South Africa Today" (Raymond R. Suttner); "Coercion, Persuasion, and Liberation" (Vincent T. Maphai). Short biographical notes are included of each author. (GLR)
- Published
- 1990
4. International Workforce Initiatives: Definitions, Design Options, and Project Profiles. Working Paper Series. No. 1
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Academy for Educational Development and Wright, J.W
- Abstract
This publication is intended for three primary audiences: international development professionals who want to define "workforce" for program design purposes, those who seek information about field activities, and those who want to reflect on the implementation of successful, high impact programs--whether they were broad-based or sector-specific projects or local activities. The goal is to provide readers with options and strategies for connecting diverse sets of development objectives through international workforce initiatives. Following a brief introduction, the first chapter briefly reviews international workforce initiatives' historical roles in United States economic and political diplomacy and how they became part of the practice of development assistance. The chapters that follow provide definitions and design principles. The annexes contain more than 80 profiles of projects the Academy for Educational Development (AED) is currently or has recently implemented that have had workforce components. Most of the examples used come from projects implemented in partnership with the U.S. government, projects funded by the United Nations (UN), the Group of Eight (G-8), private foundations, and national governments are also included. Annexes contain: (1) AED Workforce Initiatives--Project Profiles ; (2) AED-Managed Global Technical Assistance Programs; and (3) Profiles of AED Projects with Workforce Components by Category.(Contains 23 endnotes.) [Primary support for this publication has come from AED's Leadership and Institutional Development Group and the AED Center for Enterprise and Capacity Development (CECD).]
- Published
- 2010
5. U.S. Foundation Funding for Change in South Africa: An Update. South African Information Exchange Working Paper Number 10.
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Institute of International Education, New York, NY. and Micou, Ann M.
- Abstract
The South African Information Exchange (SAIE) has published an update of 35 existing organizations who are engaged in funding initiatives for specific areas of South African and United States educational exchange programs. One list is alphabetical by such program categories as: academic exchange, academic support, adult education, advocacy, agriculture, alternative education, bridging education, bursaries (internal), business development, church leadership development, community development, conflict resolution, curriculum development, detainee assistance, distance education, emergency relief, employment, English as a Second Language, faculty fellowships, family planning, health, housing, human rights, leadership development, legal education/representation, literacy, management, materials development, numeracy, nutrition, outreach programs, political action, publications, race relations, refugee education/assistance research, rural education, scholarships (external), secondary schools, and technical/vocational training. The second list provides name, address, phone number, contact person, and other comments of the institutions responding to the survey. (GLR)
- Published
- 1990
6. U.S. College and University Initiatives for Change in South Africa: An Update. South African Information Exchange Working Paper Number 11.
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Institute of International Education, New York, NY. and Micou, Ann M.
- Abstract
This document offers two lists of universities within the United States that are participating, with the South African Information Exchange (SAIE) program. The SAIE was created to facilitate the sharing of experiences and expertise both among academic institutions in the United States in South Africa, and in other countries and among assistance agencies in the United States and abroad. One list is alphabetically arranged by area of program initiative such as: academic exchange, admissions test preparation, book donations, bursaries (internal), church leadership development, conflict resolution, distance education, English as a Second Language, faculty development, fellowships, health, institutional linkages, issue-oriented programs, management, refugee education/assistance, resource centers, scholarships (external), seminars/conferences, student activity/fundraising, teacher training, and women. The second list is alphabetically arranged by the 82 participating institutions. In addition, general comments that were made by some of the responding institutions are also included. (GLR)
- Published
- 1990
7. The International Society for the Social Studies Annual Conference Proceedings (Orlando, Florida, February 26-27, 2015) Volume 2015, Issue 1
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International Society for the Social Studies (ISSS) and Russell, William Benedict, III
- Abstract
The "International Society for the Social Studies (ISSS) Annual Conference Proceedings" is a peer-reviewed professional publication published once a year following the annual conference. The following papers are included in the 2015 proceedings: (1) Local History and Local Culture at the Core of Elementary Social Studies Curriculum (C. Agcaoili and S. Oshihara); (2) An Analysis of Enrolment in Advanced Placement Classes in Florida from the 2010 to 2011 School Years (B. Bittman); (3) Looking Beyond the Textbook: Multimodal Intertextuality in a Secondary Social Studies Classroom (T. Brown and S. Nance); (4) School/Family Communication and Involvement: A Top Ten List for Elementary School Teachers (S. H. Bowden and C. Corlis); (5) Bi-epistemic Research in a Policy Context: Current Findings and Subsequent Studies (L. Cherubini); (6) Replacing the Birth Language for Internationally Adopted Children: Linguistic and Cognitive Effects (A. P. Davies); (7) Strategies for Managing Culturally Diverse Virtual Teams: Creating a Feeling of Globalness (M. Flammia); (8) Neoliberalism and Privatization of Urban Health Care Facilities in Bangladesh (K. S. Haq); (9) Engaging Students through the Dynamic Learning Approach (M. M. Hussein); (10) Role of Cultural Diplomacy in Strengthening Diplomatic Relations: A Case Study on U.S.-Bangladesh Relations (M. T. Islam and M. N. Nur); (11) Just Eat It: An Examination of the Sociological Factors that Influence the Eating Habits of College Students (A. Minnick); (12) Why We Should be Skeptical of Bandura's Bobo Dolls (A. Pulido); (13) Opportunity Costs of Planning with Mandated Assessments: A Case Study of Fourth Grade Social Studies (R. Reed); (14) RCAIntervention: An Intervention System for Traditional, Blended, and Online Courses (J. Reynolds and C. Cummings); (15) Millennials at the Ballot Box: Where Have All the Young Voters Gone? (M. L. Rogers); (16) Impacts of Socio-Economic Background on Participation in Various Sport Types (H. I. Sengör); (17) Using Film to teach Character Education and Social Justice Education in Social Studies (C. Van Zandt); (18) Creating lessons with the C3 Framework and Digital Literacy (C. Van Zandt and L. Smith); and (19) Examining Students' Patterns Based on Their Historical Knowledge and Ability by Cluster Analysis (D. Yongjun). (Individual papers contain references.) [For the 2014 proceedings, see ED565293.]
- Published
- 2015
8. National Security and U.S.-Soviet Relations. Occasional Paper 26.
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Stanley Foundation, Muscatine, IA. and Clemens, Walter C.
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This paper provides an analytical look at the evolving relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union. The author explores the prospects for international security and advocates a number of policies which would benefit both societies. The first section in the booklet discusses how U.S. security cannot be assured even if the Congress goes along with the administration's request to approve expenditures of more than a trillion dollars on defense over the next five years. What we buy and how we use it are more important than how much we spend. Soviet vulnerabilities and Western assets are then examined. Republican administrations have been more successful than Democratic administrations--at least since World War II--in defusing conflict with the Soviet Union. The records of various presidents are discussed. U.S. policy must flow from a judicious mixture of firmness and flexibility, of restraints and incentives. Specific steps that the United States can take to improve United States-Soviet relations are suggested. The booklet examines relationships between the superpowers and the Third World. Like it or not, linkage exists between superpower activities in the Third World and efforts to cap the volcano of United States-Soviet arms competition. The survival requirements of each country ought to outweigh any displeasure experienced over the actions of its rival in some remote region. (Author/RM)
- Published
- 1981
9. Soviet Security in Flux. Occasional Paper 33.
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Stanley Foundation, Muscatine, IA. and Jamgotch, Nish
- Abstract
If U.S. foreign policy is to be prudent and effective, it must cease relying on the doctrinaire images and cold war rhetoric of the past and take into account five intactable problems, none of them specifically military, that the Soviet Union faces. These problems are: (1) unabating deficiencies in its economy; (2) a precarious battle with communist orthodoxy and alliance management in Eastern Europe; (3) a jittery relationship with China; (4) an adverse shift in the balance of world power; and (5) the constraint which global interdependency and the thermonuclear age impose on the rational formulation of defense policies. The future will be intensely demanding for the Soviet Union because it has achieved global military capabilities at precisely the time its economy appears worn out. U.S. leaders need to undertake frequent fresh appraisals of Soviet threats and realistic capabilities in the domestic and international contexts in which they occur. Defense strategists should not attribute to Soviet foreign policy nonexistent successes, but rather should be critical of claims that the balance of power has shifted to the Soviets. Both countries should agree to a moratorium on the habitual counting of weapons. Finally, the United States should be skeptical about the view that problems besetting Soviet decision makers can be resolved by war. (Author/KC)
- Published
- 1983
10. Myths and Realities: U.S. Nuclear Strategy. Occasional Paper 32.
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Stanley Foundation, Muscatine, IA. and Beres, Louis Rene
- Abstract
To survive into the future, the United States must learn to recognize that its Soviet adversary has much to gain from a mutual and graduated process of de-escalation and conflict reduction. While this country must continue to ensure the survivability of its strategic triad, it is altogether clear that this objective can be satisfied without moving toward a capacity for expanded counterforce strike, expanded theater nuclear force deployments, and generally expanded preparations for nuclear war fighting. Indeed, such moves would have a deleterious effect on U.S. security since they would actually undermine the system of mutual deterrence. If it is to achieve real power, the United States must first come to grips with a sober awareness of the limits of violence and the requirements of coexistence. In "The Trojan Women," Euripides attributes the suffering of one people to the hatred of another. His wisdom suggests that enormous dangers lie latent in the continuing effort by the Reagan administration to cast USSR-U.S. rivalry in the form of a war between the sons of light and the sons of darkness. Unless this effort is quickly reversed, the United States will suffer the fate of folly brought on by the search for security in military might. (RM)
- Published
- 1982
11. China under the Four Modernizations: Part 2. Selected Papers Submitted to the Joint Economic Committee. Congress of the United States, Ninety-Seventh Congress, Second Session.
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Joint Economic Committee, Washington, DC.
- Abstract
The politics and performance of the post-Mao Chinese government (1976 to the present) in the areas of foreign economic relations and Sino-American normalization are examined. Realizing that the four modernizations program for bringing up to date agriculture, industry, science and technology, and defense, initiated by Mao's successors in 1977, was too ambitious, China's current leadership is in the process of adjusting, reorienting, and retrenching the program into something more pragmatic, realistic, and attainable. Included among the topics discussed in this publication are: China's international trade and finance; China's capital construction and the prospects for foreign participation; China's hard currency export potential and import capacity through 1985; Sino-Japanese economic relations; China's grain imports; Chinese general agreement on tariff and trade; normalization of U.S. commercial relations with China; recent developments in China's trade practices; emerging functions of formal legal institutions in China's modernization; recent developments in China's treatment of intellectual property; U.S. firms in China trade; overcoming hindrances and impediments in U.S.-Chinese commercial negotiations; and the U.S.-China Joint Economic Committee. (RM)
- Published
- 1982
12. U.S. and Soviet Agriculture: The Shifting Balance of Power. Worldwatch Paper 51.
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Worldwatch Inst., Washington, DC. and Brown, Lester R.
- Abstract
Analysts of U.S.-Soviet balance of power usually focus on relative military strength. But other factors determine a country's overall power and influence. Among the most basic is a country's capacity to feed its people. By this measure the Soviet Union appears to be in deep trouble. Massive spending has increased Soviet military strength in recent years, but the country has become weaker agriculturally. While the two superpowers now appear roughly equal in military strength, the advantage in agriculture has shifted dramatically toward the United States. The U.S. exportable food surplus is climbing, while Soviet dependence on food imports is growing. The dramatic shift in the agricultural balance of power between the two countries has been decades in the making, but contrasting food surpluses/deficits have been highly visible only in the last decade or so. As deterioration of Soviet agriculture continues, the need to import food will become even greater. The relationship between grain flow from the United States to the Soviet Union constitutes a new economic tie between the two countries, one that could eventually transform their political relations as well. (JN)
- Published
- 1982
13. Sub-Saharan Africa and the United States. United States Department of State Discussion Paper.
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Department of State, Washington, DC. and Cook, Philip R.
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Intended to provide background for study and discussion, this publication gives updated information on development in sub-Saharan Africa and provides a basis for understanding U.S. policy toward this vital region. The strengths, problems, politics, natural resources, and language and ethnolinguistic groups of this area of the world and the international and regional organizations active here are discussed in detail. Extensive data tables include information on the population, culture, education, labor force, imports, exports, estimated U.S. economic assistance, date of independence, type of government, and chief of state and/or head of government for each of the 46 independent countries south of the Sahara. The 55-item bibliography is divided into three sections: reference and introductory material, historical and cultural background, and contemporary sub-Saharan Africa. (AA)
- Published
- 1985
14. ANZUS: 'Our richest prize' or 'that scrap of paper'?
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Ross, Ken
- Published
- 2016
15. Army Absorbs Lessons of Pentagon Papers.
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Brown, John
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VIETNAM War, 1961-1975 , *INTERNATIONAL police , *INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The article offers information associated with Pentagon Papers, which is actually titled "Report of the Office of the Secretary of Defense Vietnam Task Force" which changed public opinion against the Vietnam War and ended U.S. participation in that conflict. It is evident that the Pentagon Papers were classified as "top secret-sensitive" leaked to mass media by Daniel Ellsberg, a recurrent employee of Rand.
- Published
- 2021
16. The Impact of Evolving Transatlantic Relations on International Partnerships in Higher Education
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Otto, Jonah M.
- Abstract
This paper investigates the impacts of recent, macro-level developments in transatlantic relations on the ability of United States and European Union higher education institutions (HEIs) to leverage international partnerships in achieving their traditional missions of teaching, research, and service. Using literature to place international education within the broader context of transatlantic relations from the post-World War II era to today, the connection between geopolitics and HEI international partnerships is made explicit. Comprehensive internationalization theory is then applied to illustrate the importance of HEI international partnerships in realizing international education outcomes that are congruent with traditional HEI missions. After establishing the link between transatlantic relations, internationalization in higher education, HEI international partnerships and overall HEI performance, recent developments within transatlantic relations are directly analyzed with regards to HEI international partnerships, highlighting impacts on their ability to function. Finding that progressive transatlantic relations result in improved performance outcomes through HEI international partnerships for US and EU HEIs, and that regressive transatlantic relations produce the opposite outcome, the study offers implications for policy makers and HEI administrators.
- Published
- 2021
17. The Use of Debates as an Approach to Deliver the Course Entitled 'The Impact of US Policy on Integration Processes in Europe in the Post-Bipolar Era'
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Korniienko, Alina Yu
- Abstract
The purpose of this research was to identify how the use of a debate-based course delivery approach merged with a flipped classroom model influenced the students' academic outcomes and motivation in relation to their intelligence type and how the sampled students perceived the course delivery approach and certain debate-related activities. Sampled students' academic performance records, an evaluation survey to obtain students' feedback on both the course delivery approach and the effectiveness of the activities like 'Think-Pair-Share', 'Write-Pair-Share', 'Illogical story-telling', 'Treasure Hunt', case-study, 'One Minute Paper', 'Attitude/motivation test battery' as intelligence type-based diagnostics of learners' motivation, and a focus-group semi-structured interview were used as the instruments. SPSS 10.0.5 computer statistical package was used to process data. The use of debates to deliver the instructional content to the tertiary students can be considered a three-vector approach capable to bring a positive change to learning motivation, cognitive (intellectual) activity, self-esteem (self-efficacy) of a student and the overall quality of the vocational training system of the historians and lawyers-to-be. This study boosts the methodology of vocational training of the students majoring in humanities like History/Law in terms of fostering the 21st century-competencies and it adds a different perspective to the theory on relation between the type of intelligence and skills. This approach fosters learner autonomy and positive perception of challenging educational activities. It was found that it was prerequisite for the success of the above approach that there was a well-trained debate moderator, and debate-procedure-aware and trained students. The further research is needed in purposeful introduction of NLP training into the above model and examination its impacts.
- Published
- 2020
18. END 2015: International Conference on Education and New Developments. Conference Proceedings (Porto, Portugal, June 27-29, 2015)
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World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (WIARS) (Portugal) and Carmo, Mafalda
- Abstract
We are delighted to welcome you to the International Conference on Education and New Developments 2015-END 2015, taking place in Porto, Portugal, from 27 to 29 of June. Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. Our International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. Our goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2015 received 528 submissions, from 63 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form as Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. It was accepted for presentation in the conference, 176 submissions (33% acceptance rate). The conference also includes a keynote presentation from an internationally distinguished researcher, Professor Dr. Martin Braund, Adjunct Professor at Cape Peninsula University of Technology in Cape Town, South Africa and Honorary Fellow in the Department of Education at the University of York, UK, to whom we express our most gratitude. This volume is composed by the proceedings of the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2015), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.) and had the help of our respected media partners that we reference in the dedicated page. This conference addressed different categories inside the Education area and papers are expected to fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. To develop the conference program we have chosen four main broad-ranging categories, which also cover different interest areas: (1) In TEACHERS AND STUDENTS: Teachers and Staff training and education; Educational quality and standards; Curriculum and Pedagogy; Vocational education and Counseling; Ubiquitous and lifelong learning; Training programs and professional guidance; Teaching and learning relationship; Student affairs (learning, experiences and diversity); Extra-curricular activities; Assessment and measurements in Education. (2) In PROJECTS AND TRENDS: Pedagogic innovations; Challenges and transformations in Education; Technology in teaching and learning; Distance Education and eLearning; Global and sustainable developments for Education; New learning and teaching models; Multicultural and (inter)cultural communications; Inclusive and Special Education; Rural and indigenous Education; Educational projects. (3) In TEACHING AND LEARNING: Educational foundations; Research and development methodologies; Early childhood and Primary Education; Secondary Education; Higher Education; Science and technology Education; Literacy, languages and Linguistics (TESL/TEFL); Health Education; Religious Education; Sports Education. (4) In ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES: Educational policy and leadership; Human Resources development; Educational environment; Business, Administration, and Management in Education; Economics in Education; Institutional accreditations and rankings; International Education and Exchange programs; Equity, social justice and social change; Ethics and values; Organizational learning and change. The proceedings contain the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to teaching, learning and applications in Education nowadays. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, who will extend our view in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues, by sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. (Individual papers contain references.)
- Published
- 2015
19. A Comparative Analysis of Aid Policies for Human Resource Development: United States and Japan.
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Pickert, Sarah and Kuroda, Kazuo
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Official Development Assistance (ODA) is an increasingly important part of foreign aid budgets. Countries that offer foreign aid to other nations do so for many, often contradictory reasons that range from national security and economic self-interest to humanitarian concerns. Every donor state uses ODA as an instrument of its foreign policy. This paper describes findings of a study that examined the relationship between Japan's and the United States' officially stated foreign-aid objectives and the trainees who participate in the two countries' programs. The study analyzed the links between aid flows and policy positions by determining the correlation between numbers of participating trainees by recipient country and three possible donor policy indicators. The data indicate that neither the Japanese nor the United States' participant-training practices match their official foreign policy objectives. Despite changes in policy to emphasize humanitarian interests, Japan offers trainee opportunities to its trading partners significantly more often than to other developing countries. Neither of the agencies that administer training programs in Japan reflect humanitarian policy objectives. The United States adheres to a humanitarian policy as part of its development-assistance statements; however, the data show that the United States trains more people from countries with large gross national products (GNPs) per capita than from countries with smaller GNPs. Additionally, the participant-trainee programs do not reflect the United States' stated foreign-policy objective of promoting economic interests. Six tables are included. (Contains 11 references.) (LMI)
- Published
- 1995
20. Eurasian Higher Education Leaders Forum Conference Proceedings (Astana, Kazakhstan, August 20-21, 2012)
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Reagan, Timothy and Sagintayeva, Aida
- Abstract
This publication presents a diverse collection written by a well-respected group of speakers and authors which includes government leaders, policy makers, education experts and administrators from all over the higher education world. The papers collected hereunder represent the conference proceedings of the Eurasian Higher Education Leaders' Forum held 20-21 August 2012 at the GSE (Graduate School of Education) at Nazarbayev University in Astana, Kazakhstan. The Forum was set up to further the GSE's aim of bringing together international communities of educators, researchers and leaders who will draw on robust research to address pressing education policy issues and provide innovative, evidence-based advice to policymakers and practitioners both locally and internationally. The presentation speeches, case studies and research articles in this compendium offer unique perspectives on the future of higher education, showcasing the breadth and depth of opinions from different corners of the world. Most papers feature case studies of higher education institutions - and, indeed, faculty - dealing with the demands on higher education brought about by the post-industrial era, globalization and the internationalization of education. The authors examine the issues surrounding education reform and the challenges that institutions face in the 21st century. They raise debates on quality assurance, university autonomy and accountability, university governance, and strategic partnerships of universities. The discussion of these themes in these conference proceedings, their innovative treatment and research methodologies, and the recommendations that the authors make will help policy makers, practitioners and researchers to draw lessons, to make comparisons and to understand how global and regional trends impact higher education internationally. Stakeholders across the field of higher education in the Eurasian sub-continent - and those with personal and academic interests in the region - will find the data and insights of special and particular interest. Keynote speeches in this proceedings include: (1) Educational Policy Achievements in Kazakhstan (Bakhytzhan Zhumagulov); (2) Education Reforms in Kazakhstan (Yerbol Orynbayev); (3) The University: A Center of Learning? (David Bridges); (4) Lessons from an American Quandary Strengthening Shared Governance in Turbulent Times (Robert Zemsky); (5) What Are Universities for in 21st Century (Michael Worton); (6) Challenges for Tertiary Education in the 21st Century (Jamil Salmi). Articles in the proceedings include: (1) A Few Global Trends and Points of Commonality in Quality Assurance in Higher Education (Alan Ruby); (2) The Impact of Standardized Testing on Education Quality: The Case of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2006 and 2009 (Duishon Shamatov); (3) Understanding Faculty Perceptions of the Current State of Higher Education Governance in Kazakhstan (Aslan Sarinzhipov, Aida Sagintayeva, and Kairat Kurakbayev); (4) Internationalization of University and Learning of University and Learning Process: Web 2.0 Dimensions (Leonids Ribickis, Igors Tipans, and Karlis Valtin); and (5) Reflection on the Development of Chinese Higher Education in the Post-Industrial Era (Serjan Uhibai). Case studies include: (1) Current State and Prospective of University Partnership Using an Example of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (Gulnara Krasnova); (2) International Relations at Universitatea Babes-Bolyai (Ioan-Aurel POP); and (3) International Collaboration of S. Toraigyrov Pavlodar State University: Science with No Boundaries (Serik Omirbayev). Individual papers contain figures and references. [This publication was produced by Nazarbayev University. Abstract modified to meet ERIC guidelines.]
- Published
- 2013
21. The Rise of China and the Departure of America: Operational Implications for Europe (2013 Joint Course Prize Paper).
- Author
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Gaugers, Sandris
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL cooperation on international cooperation , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *INTERNATIONAL economic relations , *MILITARY policy , *MILITARY strategy ,EUROPE-United States relations - Abstract
This study analyses how the rise of China will change the international system and how it will alter decisions and actions taken by the United States. As such, it will also analyse the operational implications for Europe resulting from the United States military capabilities' relocation to Asia-Pacific. This is an important topic as the European Union enters the era of new international order and faces new challenges for its security cooperation. By defining a security strategy the EU has acknowledged the importance of European cooperation as well as cooperation with the United States. Nevertheless it still examines the ways to cooperation. This paper utilises Realism -- in particular, the Power Transition Theory -- to account for China's rise and America's response to it. It combines theory with historic and contemporary actions, draws conclusions and makes recommendations. The study finds that with the United States' rebalancing of its military efforts to the Asia-Pacific, which could be compounded should the US become distracted by a crisis in East-Asia, Europeans may face a number of capability-driven operational implications as well as operational implications resulting from political differences, should they seek to undertake their own military operations. This work also analyses existing and evolving forms of security cooperation within Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
22. Teaching the Nuclear Age: A History Institute for Teachers. Footnotes. Volume 14, Number 5
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Foreign Policy Research Institute, Wachman Center and Kuehner, Trudy
- Abstract
On March 28-29, 2009, FPRI's Wachman Center hosted 43 teachers from across the country for a weekend of discussion on teaching the nuclear age. In his opening remarks, Walter A. McDougall observed that although students today are not made to crawl under their desks in air raid drills, that atomic power remains, and it is still necessary to raise a nuclear-literate generation. Sessions included: (1) Nuclear Weapons (Jeremy Bernstein); (2) Nuclear Weapons in International Politics (Andrew L. Ross); (3) The Decision to Drop the Bomb (Richard B. Frank); (4) The Nevada Test Site (Troy E. Wade II); (5) The Nuclear Age in the Classroom (Paul Dickler); (6) Cold War Arms Control (Avis Bohlen); (7) Nuclear Weapons Post-Cold War (James Goodby); (8) Does Nuclear Deterrence Apply in the Age of Terrorism? (Adam Garfinkle); and (9) Nuclear Weapons and the Cold War (Hans Mark.)
- Published
- 2009
23. A New Middle East? A Report of FPRI's History Institute for Teachers. Footnotes. Volume 10, Number 1
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Foreign Policy Research Institute, Wachman Center and Kuehner, Trudy J.
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Understanding the current conflicts and political changes in the Middle East us important for American educators if American students are to understand the dynamics of the region. To discuss these issues, FPRI held its 12th History Institute for Teachers on October 16-17, 2004. Forty teachers from 15 states attended the weekend program at the Gregg Conference Center in Bryn Mawr, PA, sponsored by Mason Crest Publishers and Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Fox. Sessions included: (1) The Future of Saudi Arabia and What al-Qaeda Websites Tell Us (Michael Doran); (2) Iraqi Democracy (Eric Davis); (3) U. S. Policy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict (Harvey Sicherman); (4) The Role of Syria, Jordan, and Egypt (Najib Ghadbian); (5) Economics, Demography and Oil (Bernard Munk); (6) Women in the Middle East (Beth Baron); and (7) The Next Middle East (Robert D. Kaplan.) Additional FPRI resources are listed.
- Published
- 2005
24. Educating American Students for Life in a Global Society. Policy Briefs: Education Reform. Volume 2, Number 4
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Duke Univ., Durham, NC. Terry Sanford Inst. of Public Policy. and Lansford, Jennifer E.
- Abstract
Progress in travel, technology, and other domains has contributed to the breaking down of barriers between countries and allowed for the development of an increasingly global society. International cooperation and competition are now pervasive in areas as diverse as business, science, arts, politics, and athletics. Educating students to navigate among cultures in these and other endeavors is crucial if they are to be safe and competitive in a global society. There is, however, widespread concern that American students do not know enough about the rest of the world, including its religions, cultures, and languages, to succeed in it. In the wake of September 11, this concern has increased and has been transformed into specific educational initiatives. For example, on October 25, 2001, President Bush announced the formation of the Friendship Through Education consortium to promote communication between U.S. elementary school students and those in Islamic countries. The main forms of communication include e-mail exchanges between students at partnered schools and "laws of life" essays in which students describe the rules and principles by which they live. More recently, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill became a center of controversy after mandating that all fall 2002 freshmen read sections of the Koran and commentary in Michael Sells' book "Approaching the Qur'an," write a paper in response, and participate in group discussions, with the goal of promoting understanding of Islam. These and other efforts raise the question of how educators should prepare American students for life in a global society. Key efforts to date have included attempts to promote acceptance and awareness of different cultures, enhance communication skills, and reduce prejudice and discrimination. In addition, there is renewed emphasis on having American students help children in other societies learn more about the United States and its peoples. Four main types of education initiatives have been designed to meet these goals: (1) teaching geography, comparative religion, world studies, foreign languages, current events, history, and related subjects within the classroom curriculum; (2) implementing targeted interventions within schools to promote tolerance and cultural understanding; (3) giving families from diverse backgrounds opportunities to share their cultural heritage with other families and students in schools; and (4) hosting exchange students in American schools, offering study abroad programs for American students, and facilitating other forms of direct contact between students from different cultures. This policy brief discusses which among these methods is effective. (Contains 19 endnotes.) [This brief was produced by the Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy.]
- Published
- 2002
25. Comparative Chronemics and Diplomacy: American and Iranian Perspectives on Time.
- Author
-
Merriam, Allen H.
- Abstract
Arguing that assumptions and behaviors related to time are culturally determined, this paper proposes that diplomats must learn to pay more attention to comparative chronemics--the study of time across cultures. The paper points out that differences in the perception of time was a key element in the conflict between Iran and the United States in which 50 Americans were taken hostage. It describes chronemic behavior in the United States as linear, formal, and precise--reflecting a cultural emphasis on newness, progress, and efficiency--and in Iran as marked by temporality and interpretable in terms of a complex mixture of Persian lifestyles, foreign interference in Iranian history, Islamic "instantaneism," and Shi'ite mysticism. The paper concludes that a greater sensitivity to chronemic orientations across cultures is essential for effective international diplomacy. (FL)
- Published
- 1982
26. The Role of the Cuban Press in International Political Communication: 'Granma Weekly Review' and Castro's U.S. Policy.
- Author
-
Dickson, Thomas V.
- Abstract
This paper reviews political symbols aimed at the United States found in "Granma Weekly Review" and in Fidel Castro's speeches to see if they have changed in a predicted manner over an 18-year period and whether changes in symbol content of "Granma" and Castro's speeches correspond. The paper first explains the functions of the Cuban media, and then recounts the history and status of U.S.-Cuban relations. Next, the paper examines Castro's attitude toward the United States. The paper then analyzes the 100 most-used symbols referring to the United States in "Granma" and finds similar symbol usage in Castro's speeches during years researchers thought to be periods of closer relations between the United States and Cuba. However, researchers found that the frequency of symbol usage in"Granma" was not similar to that found in Castro's speeches. The paper suggests that the message Castro presents in his speeches is a complex one--the message he is sending to the world community through interviews and other statements is inconsistent with the aggressive language contained in his speeches where symbol usage reflects overt Cuban policy. The paper finds that before 1974, "Granma" and Castro's speeches were similar in their use of aggressive symbols, but since then the use of aggressive symbols in "Granma" has been a better indicator of Cuban policy. Seven tables of data, nine figures of data matrix, and 67 notes are included. (MS)
- Published
- 1988
27. On JALT96: Crossing Borders. Proceedings of the Annual JALT International Conference on Language Teaching and Learning (23rd, Hiroshima, Japan, November 1996).
- Author
-
Japan Association for Language Teaching, Tokyo., Cornwell, Steve, Rule, Peggy, Sugino, Toshiko, Cornwell, Steve, Rule, Peggy, Sugino, Toshiko, and Japan Association for Language Teaching, Tokyo.
- Abstract
Papers from an international conference on language teaching/learning are presented by topic and grouped under seven sections. An introductory section contains two papers on cultural diversity and world English. The second section, on teacher development, contains papers on these topics: teacher development and socialization; teachers' responses to questions about instruction; characteristics of a good language lesson; teaching students to understand instruction; students' reasons for poor English skills; cross-cultural aspects of the teacher's role; and an instructional materials development workshop. The third section, on classroom techniques and issues, addresses these topics: postsecondary level cooperative learning in Japan; shared inquiry for fostering critical thinking in English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) instruction; story grammar as a reading and discussion strategy; use of Japanese literature in reading instruction; multimedia second language reading instruction; vocabulary building; Japanese particle usage; beginning writing instruction; discipline-based technical writing; peer writing evaluation; oral communication instruction; dance as an instructional technique; test revision; and continuous assessment using computer-assisted instruction. In section 4, papers on use of technology in the classroom address: use of the Internet; on-line newspapers and magazines; computerized test and materials development; designing materials t accompany videos; and content video in ESL instruction. Papers on cultural issues in section 5 include these topics: multiculturalism in the classroom; comparing cultures through critical thinking; authority and individualism in Japan and the United States; a study trip to France; setting the stage in kindergarten; comparative social studies; folklore in ESL instruction; Model United Nations; global issues; geography instruction; gender issues; and English variation. The final section contains five papers on the Linguapax Program of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). Papers are primarily in English, with some Japanese and French included. (MSE)
- Published
- 1997
28. Beijing and the Paper Tiger: The Impact of the Korean War on Sino-American Relations.
- Author
-
Matray, James I.
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *KOREAN War, 1950-1953 , *INTERVENTION (International law) ,CHINA-United States relations - Abstract
Mutual hostility and confrontation characterized the first two decades of relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China. This article examines the impact of the Korean War on creating and perpetuating this mutual enmity. The first half describes how the U.S. reaction to the outbreak of the Korean War and especially Chinese military intervention in the conflict removed any chance for an early reconciliation, discussing Washington's specific policies from June 1950 until the armistice in July 1953 aimed at achieving diplomatic isolation and economic punishment of China's new regime. The second half defines China's five primary postwar foreign policy goals and explains how Beijing faced strident opposition from the United States in its attempts to achieve each objective. While Washington's efforts largely failed, U.S. actions ensured that Sino-American relations would remain poisoned for fifteen more years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
29. New Zealand, Australia and the Asia-Pacific strategic balance: from trade agreements to defence white papers.
- Author
-
Ayson, Robert
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations , *POWER (Social sciences) - Abstract
The article discusses the interest of New Zealand of building a strong relationship with the U.S. and its accommodation of China. It examines the transformation of power in the Asia-Pacific region such as the shift of the locus of global power to Asia and the changes within the region's distribution of power. It offers the analysis of Australian National University professor of strategic studies Hugh White and Hedley Bull on the major power relations and its implications on New Zealand policy.
- Published
- 2011
30. 'Making Connections:' An International Literary Project. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminar Abroad 1996 (Bulgaria and Romania).
- Author
-
Carbery, Patricia L. and MacQuinn, Sandra D.
- Abstract
This paper describes a project designed to create a student literary magazine that would explore and compare the childhoods and the cultural rites of passage of Romanian, Bulgarian, and U.S. students. The time line for the grant project and the methodology used are also included. A materials list for English classes and history classes, assessment criteria for selection of submissions, representative lesson plans for literature and history, project information regarding goals and objectives, and a budget proposal complete the paper. (EH)
- Published
- 1996
31. International Cooperation for a Single World Production Standard of High Definition Television.
- Author
-
Hongcharu, Boonchai
- Abstract
Broadcasters, television engineers and the production industry have encountered many problems with diverse television standards since the introduction of color television. With the advent of high definition television (HDTV), the chance to have a common production standard for international exchange of programs and technical information has returned once again. However, this seems to be impossible with HDTV developers in Japan, Europe, and the United States supporting different production standards. International cooperation would be a means of reaching a single world production standard for HDTV. Such cooperation would reduce the high costs of reinventing the systems and would unite many-sided experts and resources to search for the best standard. The payoff of this cooperation would benefit all parties as they could share a larger market and eliminate the costs of converting from one system to another. Licensing agreements, worldwide investment, research and development, and the formation of consortia are examples of cooperative activities that would lead to this end. (16 references) (DB)
- Published
- 1990
32. TDFs and Trade: The U.S.-Canada Free-Trade Agreement from a Transborder Data Flow Perspective.
- Author
-
Rutenbeck, Jeffrey B.
- Abstract
This paper examines the potential impacts of the comprehensive free-trade agreement negotiated by the United States and Canada in 1987 on transborder data flow between the two countries. An introductory overview of transborder data flow (TDFs) is followed by a discussion of how TDFs have been dealt with by both the United States and Canada to date; a brief history of the most recent free-trade negotiations between the two countries; and an analysis of the foundations of the agreement on two levels that relate directly to TDFs--its possible impact on trade in services and its potential impact on foreign direct investment in Canada. The paper concludes with speculations about the long-term effects of free trade in the areas of trade in services and foreign direct investment as they pertain to TDFs. (65 endnotes) (CGD)
- Published
- 1988
33. Agenda Diversity: A Comparison of American and Filipino Editorials on the 1986 Filipino Election and Revolution.
- Author
-
Culbertson, Hugh M.
- Abstract
Editorials in four prestigious American papers and two Filipino dailies addressing the 1986 election and revolution in the Philippines were compared for differences. Four hypotheses were tested: (1) that in treatment of the Philippines, editorials in the U.S. national prestige press would place more emphasis than do those in the Filipino newspapers on topics that have evolved over a long period, received intense recent coverage, and relate clearly to American interests and U.S.-Filipino relations; (2) that the Filipino press would focus editorials more often than does the U.S. press on concrete acts and events relating to the campaign, election, and revolution; (3) that editorials in either country would deal more often with acts involving primarily that country and its citizens; and (4) that Filipino editorials would have greater agenda diversity than would American newspapers about events in the Philippines. Thirty-eight editorials from the "Christian Science Monitor,""Wall Street Journal,""New York Times," and "Washington Post" were compared with 85 editorials from "Malaya" and the "Philippine Daily Inquirer," each of which dealt with the election and its context between January 15 and March 15, 1986. Each hypothesis was analyzed extensively, with the first three proving supportable and the fourth partially supportable. Overall, the similarities between American and Filipino editorials, when viewed in structural terms, tended to outweigh the differences. (Tables of data and 56 references are included.) (AEW)
- Published
- 1987
34. The Study of Geography in an Interdependent World.
- Author
-
Saueressig-Schreuder, Yda
- Abstract
The importance of restructuring the discipline of geography and enhancing its role in the precollege curriculum as part of a global approach to education is emphasized in this paper. International education is seen as an essential part of high school and college education in an increasingly interdependent world. The oil crisis, the world economic recession, and the Iranian hostage crisis have made the U.S. public aware of the complex world situation and have increased the need to understand the complexities of global interdependence. A revitalization of regional geography or area studies with a global emphasis and a problems approach is suggested. In order to show how geography developed as a discipline and illustrate its placement in the curriculum of the United States and Europe, its history is traced from the eighteenth century to the present. Traditionally, geography has held a higher status in the curriculum in Europe than in the United States. By the time a global perspective was introduced into the United States curriculum, theoretical goegraphy prevailed at the university level, and geography was never introduced as a required and integral part of high school education as it was in Europe. (SM)
- Published
- 1983
35. Towards a Critical Pedagogy of Comparative Public Diplomacy: Pseudo-Education, Fear-Mongering and Insecurities in Canadian-American Foreign Policy
- Author
-
Nelles, Wayne
- Abstract
Little research has examined public diplomacy as a comparative education issue, particularly regarding social-psychological, economic and political fears or personal and national insecurities. This paper discusses American public diplomacy as a mostly Cold War strategy adapted to post-9/11 national security interests, fears and desires. It further explores differences, similarities, and debates in Canadian media, policy documents and academia, in response to American political, economic and military pressures or demands for a "North American" (i.e. joint American-Canadian) security approach. From a critical pedagogy perspective the paper argues that modern public diplomacy has been a dubious, pseudo-educational, fear-mongering concept nurtured by academics, politicians and military leaders as part of an American foreign policy, military security and propaganda strategy. The paper further shows that post-9/11 Canada, problematically, adapted its own public diplomacy policies to serve American interests. Further research is needed to examine more closely public diplomacy's impacts on Canadian education. (Contains 1 note.)
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. America's Paper Curtain.
- Author
-
Shils, Edward A.
- Subjects
VISAS ,INTERNAL security -- Law & legislation ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,IMMIGRATION law ,EMIGRATION & immigration - Abstract
The article reflects on the visa policy of the United States. It cites the Internal Security Act of 1950 and the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 and their effects in the country's foreign policy and home security. It also cites the factors that underlies the provisions of the visa policy such as the fear of foreigners, hatred of the educated, the uncomfortable position of the consuls between Congress and the applicant, and the lack of provisions for effective administration.
- Published
- 1952
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. America's Role in the World: Challenges to American Businesses and Higher Education
- Author
-
Business-Higher Education Forum, Lindsay, James M., and Daalder, Ivo H.
- Abstract
At its Summer 2003 meeting, the Business-Higher Education Forum (BHEF) engaged the questions of America's role in the post-Sept.11, 2001 world. Following a series of panel presentations, BHEF members specifically examined the important issues of sustaining, legitimating, and using American power. Six major foreign policy challenges facing the United States were identified: (1) Defeating Islamist terrorism; (2) Stemming the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction; (3) Extending the benefits of globalization; (4) Adapting to a growing China; (5) Averting catastrophic climate change; and (6) Containing virulent infectious diseases. The report concludes that America has confronted many challenges during its history, has always risen to the occasion in the past, and that it is time to do so again. The authors urge advocating a thorough and searching national debate that sees the world as it is, acknowledging both American power and its limits, understanding that accomplishing U.S. goals will often require the cooperation of others, and that there are no simple answers to these challenges.
- Published
- 2005
38. Hope, Hostility, and Interest: What Motivated Teachers to Teach about the Soviet Union after World War II
- Author
-
Rapoport, Anatoli
- Abstract
Historically, the cold war was a watershed that separated two epochs: the time of abnormal, although compelled, partnership of two political systems and the period of peaceful coexistence with barely hidden hostility. The peacefulness of the latter, however elusive and vulnerable it was from time to time, has to be credited to the cold war, a relatively short period of time in world history, when humankind, and most importantly its leaders, realized how close our world was to self-destruction. The purpose of this article is to trace educators' rationale or motivation for teaching about the Soviet Union in the second half of the 1940s through the1950s, and how their motivation changed during that period. It is argued that although there existed a general tendency and interest among social studies teachers to teach about the Soviet Union these motivations and interests were conditioned by different circumstances and, consequently, pursued different goals. People who are in political power in the United States and Russia now belong to the post-World War II generation. They learned about the Soviet Union/Russia and the United States from their parents, from the media, and in school. The analysis of teachers' motivations in this controversial period of the cold war points out a general attitude toward the Soviet Union among many educators. This attitude can be expressed by the following triad: hopeful curiosity; confrontational hostility; and confrontation and interest.
- Published
- 2004
39. The Attitude of Mexican Elites toward Future Economic Relationships with the United States: A Study of Intercultural Perceptions.
- Author
-
Johnson, J. David and Tims, Albert R.
- Abstract
A model was developed positing four factors as having a determinant influence on the desire of Mexicans for future economic relationships between their country and the United States. The factors, previously identified as occupying a central position in intercultural communication, are perceptions of shared interests, threats, homophily, and accuracy. The model was tested using data collected in a survey of 800 Mexicans identified as holding "elite" positions in three metropolitan areas. The subjects, business executives (for both Mexican-owned and American-owned companies), government officials, professors, secondary school teachers, mass media executives, university students, and labor leaders, were chosen because they could be expected to be influential in decisions affecting future relationships between their country and the United States. After having been gathered through personal interviews with the subjects, the data were submitted to LISTREL analysis, a path analysis technique involving multiple indicators of latent variables. The results were supportive of the model with an acceptable goodness of fit and with a high level of variance accounted for in the sole dependent variable. However, the results did indicate that the initial posited relationships among latent variables were more complex than first hypothesized. (Appendixes contain definitions for the elite occupations and operationalizations for the multiple indicators.) (FL)
- Published
- 1980
40. United States Relations with the Developing Nations: The New International Economic Countdown. A Wingspread Conference.
- Author
-
Johnson Foundation, Inc., Racine, WI., Overseas Development Council, Washington, DC., and League of Women Voters Education Fund, Washington, DC.
- Abstract
The full texts of two speeches given at a Wingspread symposium in February 1976 deal with the exigency for a new international economic order which takes into account the needs of the developing nations, the reasons for conflicts between the developing and developed worlds, and the need for action now. Neville Kanakaratne, ambassador to the United States from Sri Lanka, states the case for a new international economic order. He discusses why there is a need to revise the economic order set up after World War II, describes the plight of the ordinary people of the Third World, and suggests three fields of international activity-- international trade, monetary system, and transfer of resources--where there is opportunity to institute a new economic order. Dr. Carol Baumann, of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, discusses four questions: (1) What has provided the sharp conflicts between the developed and the developing world and why do the problems of development necessitate the consideration of a new economic order? (2) What has led to the current pressures to create new worldwide institutions and policies to deal with these problems and conflicts? (3) What are the political, economic, and moral imperatives which face the United States in its dealings with the developing nations? and (4) Why is it crucial that the U.S. public be involved in developing U.S. policies toward the developing world? (Author/NE)
- Published
- 1976
41. Alternative Patterns of International Collaboration for School Improvement: An Analysis of Activities of the OECD/CERI Pacific Circle Consortium.
- Author
-
Northwest Regional Educational Lab., Portland, OR. and Fish, Lawrence D.
- Abstract
This paper explores methods of collaboration among countries in order to promote successful development, exchange, and dissemination of international education materials. The discussion emphasizes activities of the Pacific Circle Consortium, which was founded in 1977 and includes Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, and the United States. Its goals are to exchange information, materials, and personnel and to develop educational materials with a multicultural perspective. The paper is presented in five major sections. Section one explains the Consortium's origin, structure, membership, purpose, and activities. Section two defines the concept of international collaboration and outlines various methods of collaboration, stressing three important types of activity within collaborative efforts. These are parallel, cooperative, and integrated activities. Section three discusses four key elements of any type of collaborative activity: commitment and decision making, location of activity, structure and roles of participating agencies, and size and scope of activity. The discussion related these elements to specific Consortium procedures. Section four describes exemplary Consortium activities of parallel, cooperative, and integrated natures. Section five offers comments on constraints of collaborative ventures and specific implications of the Consortium's experience. (AV)
- Published
- 1982
42. U.S.-Soviet Relations: Testing Gorbachev's 'New Thinking.' Current Policy No. 985.
- Author
-
Department of State, Washington, DC. Bureau of Public Affairs. and Armacost, Michael H.
- Abstract
Forty years ago, George F. Kennan advanced the doctrine of containment against Soviet encroachment throughout the world. The Soviet Union has evolved from a Eurasian land power into a global superpower. In an effort to create an international environment congenial to domestic reforms, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev has sought greater tranquility along Soviet borders. He seeks to exploit latent anti-nuclear sentiment in Europe and to challenge the conceptual underpinnings of Western deterrence. While an Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces (INF) agreement would represent a major victory for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), there are some who fear Gorbachev's moves represent a more subtle and effective means of removing the U.S. nuclear presence from Europe. This would leave a denuclearized Europe alone to face numerically superior Soviet conventional forces. These concerns can be dealt with by recognizing that NATO will need to retain a significant nuclear element in its strategy of flexible response. That element will be composed of nuclear warheads on INF aircraft and U.S. submarine-launched ballistic missiles. Gorbachev is also attempting to improve relations in the Far East and to exploit the turmoil in the Persian Gulf area. However, any significant change in the conduct of Soviet foreign policy will only gradually emerge. The future U.S.-Soviet relationship is likely to continue to contain elements of conflict and cooperation. A firm, consistent, and patient policy can help the U.S. attain its foreign policy goals. (SM)
- Published
- 1987
43. Anthropological Diplomacy: Case Studies in the Applications of Anthropology to International Relations. Studies in Third World Societies, Publication Number Twenty-One.
- Author
-
College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA. Dept. of Anthropology., Magnarella, Paul J., Magnarella, Paul J., and College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA. Dept. of Anthropology.
- Abstract
Six articles in this volume focus on anthropological diplomacy--the study of the theory and practice of peace and conflict resolution among societies, based on knowledge of a society's fundamental cultural premises. The first article, by Ronald Cohen, considers questions pertinent to anthropological diplomacy, including the impact of diverse cultures on the diplomatic process, the importance of cultural symbols in negotiation, and the supranational character of international agencies. Next, Vivian J. Rohrl addresses the anthropological study of international law. Comparison is made between the international community of states and a tribal society. The Fulbright Program's effect on Philippine-American cultural and educational exchanges is discussed by J. R. Francisco in the third article. Next, Marc S. Micozzi focuses on the diplomacy of international medical assistance. The importance of cultural context to effective medical care and the medical drawbacks of currently offered health care programs to underdeveloped nations are discussed. The impact of ethnicity on politics within and between states is considered in the fifth article, by Paul J. Magnarella. The pro-Israel lobby's effect on U.S.-Middle East policy is cited as an example. In the final paper the use of coercion in international affairs is addressed by Walter L. Williams, Jr. Among the issues considered are the current U.S. foreign policy practices that ignore violations of human rights in friendly states. Notes on contributors conclude the volume. (LP)
- Published
- 1982
44. U.S. Editors' Perceptions of World Press Problems: An Agenda for Future Research.
- Author
-
Salwen, Michael B. and Garrison, Bruce
- Abstract
Although much is known about how governments and major media organizations stand on some world press problems, some important actors in the debate--small- and medium-size newspapers in the United States--have been ignored. The editors of these newspapers are gatekeepers who, like their counterparts on large elite newspapers, play a fundamental role in determining the images of the world which their readers receive. To measure "typical" American editors' views of what are the most important problems facing the world press, editorial staffs of 31 small- and 30 medium-size daily newspapers and 38 state newspapers (largest daily newspaper in the state) answered questionnaires (an overall response rate of 66%). Findings indicate that the editors on these newspapers regarded government pressure on the press, such as governmental controls, closings of newspapers, and gags on the press, as a major problem. Other problems which emerged from the analysis but which were not seen as important included development-related problems, coverage of the Third World, and professional needs of the newspaper industry. Results also suggest that the concerns of the world press problems among the editors of small- and medium-size daily newspapers may not be greatly different from the concerns of the large, elite press. (Thirty notes and three tables are included.) (MS)
- Published
- 1988
45. El Salvador and Nicaragua in Four Elite U.S. Newspapers: Multiple Images and the Journalist's Reporting Perspective.
- Author
-
Kelly, James D.
- Abstract
To provide a better understanding of the depictions of countries by the news media, it is necessary to determine whether similar portraits are presented in all types of reporting or whether there are different, or even contradictory, portrayals of foreign countries within individual newspapers considered nationally influential. A study examined the images presented of the governments of El Salvador and Nicaragua in four U.S. elite newspapers during 1983, primarily focusing on the frequency and direction of mention. Content analysis was used in an attempt to discern whether an overall image of a foreign country is a reasonable manifestation of how that country is presented in mass media, or whether such an overall measure is too broad. Results indicated considerable differences between the images presented by domestic and foreign reporters, probably due to the differences in the informational sources they consult and quote in their reports rather than any overt bias. In addition, findings suggest that there is a relationship between the policy position of the U.S. Government toward the governments of El Salvador and Nicaragua and the type of coverage those two governments receive in the elite press of the United States. (Five tables and 44 notes are appended.) (MS)
- Published
- 1988
46. Hermeneutics and Victimage: A Critical Approach to News of the Shooting of KAL Flight 007.
- Author
-
Lule, Jack
- Abstract
The shooting down of KAL Flight 007, a South Korean airliner, by a Soviet jet fighter, and the resulting deaths of the 269 people on board, has brought into focus the Reagan's administration's equivocal relationship with the Soviet Union, provided insights into the channels of power in the Soviet military hierarchy, and led other nations to concentrate on international codes of conduct for the superpowers. A study explored in detail one of the first news reports about the flight. In addition, the study examined United States representations of the Soviet Union, and more broadly, the relationship of news to cultural life. The first account of the shooting of Flight 007 in the "New York Times" (September 2, 1983) was analyzed by using Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutic approach. The analysis found that in the "New York Times" report, the international incident: (1) was portrayed in the narrow context of United States affairs, (2) was firmly grounded in American culture; (3) gave heavy emphasis to American officials, American reactions, and possible American reprisals; and (4) affirmed a dominant United States role in world affairs. The analysis also revealed that the report could be seen as a drama of victimage that creates and then castigates an enemy shared by a group in a dramatic enactment that offers integration, identification, and social cohesion. (Thirty-one references are included, and the "New York Times" article is appended.) (MS)
- Published
- 1988
47. The Evolving Soviet Approach to Human Rights. Current Policy No. 929.
- Author
-
Department of State, Washington, DC. Bureau of Public Affairs. and Zimmermann, Warren
- Abstract
The Soviet Union (USSR) is a different place from what it was two years ago. The essential nature of these differences is, however, not obvious and the picture remains mixed. Recent developments involving political prisoners, freedom to travel and emigrate, broadcast jamming, and Czechoslovak relations seem to indicate that the Soviet society is at a turning point. It will be apparent whether Soviet society will turn in a positive direction only when predictions become reality, when promises become performance, when gestures become practices, when episodes become patterns, and when isolated steps become a long march. In the view of the United States, implementation is the key element in the entire process. New proposals can be an incentive to implementation; they must not be a substitute for it. In that spirit, the United States and 16 other Western countries have, during the past two weeks, introduced 16 proposals covering the entire human dimension of the Helsinki Final Act. They are focused a single objective: implementation. (BZ)
- Published
- 1987
48. Intercultural Communication: Between Japan and the United States.
- Author
-
Kitao, Kenji, Kitao, S. Kathleen, Kitao, Kenji, and Kitao, S. Kathleen
- Abstract
This collection of papers on the intercultural communication between the United States and Japan is divided into three sections. The first section, "Introduction to Intercultural Communication," describes the background of the relationship between Japan and the United States, the history of the study of intercultural communication, and some of the problems related to it--barriers that make communication between Americans and Japanese more difficult. The second section, "Influences on Culture and Cultural Influences," includes seven papers on various aspects of communication between Americans and Japanese. The third section, "Japanese Students' Knowledge of American Culture," is made up of five studies related to Japanese students' contact with Americans and American culture, their knowledge of American culture, and the problems that they face in the United States. The book also includes a bibliography compiled for teachers of English in Japan who are interested in the influence of culture and intercultural communication on language teaching and learning. (MS)
- Published
- 1989
49. Televised Constructions of the Seoul Olympic Opening Ceremony in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
- Author
-
Larson, James F. and Rivenburgh, Nancy K.
- Abstract
A study was conducted to describe the extent and dimensions of televised messages about nation, culture, and the Olympics, comparing them across three broadcast systems in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The study was based on complete opening ceremony telecasts by NBC in America, Australia's Network TEN, and the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). Data were gathered on important audio and visual dimensions of the broadcasts. The three major components of the ceremony as planned by the event organizers were: (1) the obligatory Olympic rituals and gestures as defined by the Olympic Charter; (2) the entry/exit of the athletes; and (3) cultural performances including music, dance and demonstrations. Findings indicated that all of the opening ceremony telecasts conveyed an emphasis on both nation and Olympic-style internationalism. A second general finding was that the three broadcast systems offered viewers different constructions of the Seoul opening ceremony. Results also indicated that, despite varied constructions and interpretations of the ceremony, South Korea's overall image portrayal across three opening ceremony telecasts was positive. The empirical evidence presented provides strong confirmation that television constructs the Olympic spectacle into multiple realities and that it does so with profound implications for images of nation, culture and the Olympic movement. (Four figures and four tables of data are included. One appendix, showing the "story units" of the opening telecast, and 39 references are attached.) (MG)
- Published
- 1989
50. Labor in a Global Economy. Perspectives from the U.S. and Canada. Conference Proceedings (Eugene, Oregon, September 1990).
- Author
-
Oregon Univ., Eugene. Labor Education and Research Center., Hecker, Steven, and Hallock, Margaret
- Abstract
The following papers are included: "Introduction: Labor in a Global Economy" (Hecker, Hallock); "Labor in a Global Economy" (Marshall); "Canadian Labor Strategies for a Global Economy" (Carr); "Recent Developments in the Canadian Political Economy" (Watkins); "Labor and Politics in the U.S. and Canada" (Bernard); "The Political Action Strategy of the Washington State Labor Council" (Kenney); "Restructuring in Industrial Relations and the Role for Labor" (Verma); "Trade, Competition, and Jobs: An Internationalist Strategy" (Dorman); "Labor Alternatives to International Competition" (Donohue); "Challenging the Ethic of Competitiveness: What's at Stake for Labor" (Gerard); "An International Mobilization Strategy" (Cohen); "Mobilizing across Borders: Unions and Multinational Corporations" (Pomeroy); "Expanding Labor's Agenda: Community Coalitions, Capital Strategies, and Economic Development" (Swinney); "Labor Has No Choice But to Play the Capital Strategies Game" (Tusler); "Achieving Authentic Labor Market Flexibility: A North-American Union Perspective" (Marschall); "Australian Union Movement Strategy" (Ogden); "Flexible Labor Markets and Labor Training--An American and International Analysis" (Deutsch); "Flexibility, Job Security, and Labor Market Policy" (Flumian); "The Impact of International Capital on Australian Labor" (Wheelwright); "A Most Un-labourlike Experience--Six Years of a Labour Government in New Zealand and Its Impact on Organized Labor" (Harbridge); "The New Work Force: Management and Labor Strategies" (Nussbaum); "The Contingent Workforce in Canada: Problems and Solutions" (MacPhail); "A Multicultural Framework for Worker Education" (La Luz); "The Politics of Privatization" (Clements); "Fighting Privatization: The British Columbia Experience" (Shields); "The Right to Organize: Labor Law and Its Impact in British Columbia" (Lanyon, Edwards); "Organizing in Canada: Adapting to Changing Conditions" (Oleksiuk); "Organizing Immigrant Workers in the Global Economy" (Quan); "The Deficiency of the Voluntary Compliance Model as a Public Policy Instrument in Workplace Health and Safety in Canada" (Sass); "Occupational Health and Safety Twenty Years after OSHA" (Baker); "Pattern Bargaining in the Pacific Northwest Lumber and Sawmill Industry: 1980-1989" (Widenor); "Pattern Bargaining in the Wood Products Industry in Western Canada" (MacLellan): "Current Issues and Future Strategies for Forest-Product Unions" (Scott); "Paying Too Much, Buying Too Little: U.S. Medical Care on the Critical List" (Schoen); "The Uninsured and Rising Health Care Costs" (Brown); "Health Care: Lessons from Canada" (Schreck, Petrie); and "The Role of the States in Health Care Reform" (Kitzhaber). (YLB)
- Published
- 1991
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