Search

Ten informal papers given at Discussion Forums to U.S. groups are provided which address current South African related issues as they touch upon the South African Information Exchange (SAIE) initiative. Papers have the following titles and authors: "Is There Space for American Involvement in South African Education?" (Merlyn C. Mehl); "Mapping the Future of Black South Africans in Science and Engineering Education" (Gordon Sibiya); "Education for Liberation/Transformation: The Role of Vocational Guidance and Counselling for Young Blacks" (Tahir Salie); "Education for Black South Africans: The Importance of Bursaries and Support Services for Black High School Students" (Pamela Tsolekile and Getti Mercorio); "The Community College Option: A Private Sector/Community Initiative to Break the Educational Logjam" (Stan Kahn); "UDUSA: Microcosm of a Society in Transition (Ratnamala Singh); "The Academic Boycott and Linkages Between U.S. Institutions and Eligible South African Academics" (Farouk Ameer); "Technical Education in South Africa and the Political Implications" (Brian De L. Figaji); "The Struggle to Realise the Freedom Charter in South Africa Today" (Raymond R. Suttner); "Coercion, Persuasion, and Liberation" (Vincent T. Maphai). Short biographical notes are included of each author. (GLR)

The "International Society for the Social Studies (ISSS) Annual Conference Proceedings" is a peer-reviewed professional publication published once a year following the annual conference. The following papers are included in the 2015 proceedings: (1) Local History and Local Culture at the Core of Elementary Social Studies Curriculum (C. Agcaoili and S. Oshihara); (2) An Analysis of Enrolment in Advanced Placement Classes in Florida from the 2010 to 2011 School Years (B. Bittman); (3) Looking Beyond the Textbook: Multimodal Intertextuality in a Secondary Social Studies Classroom (T. Brown and S. Nance); (4) School/Family Communication and Involvement: A Top Ten List for Elementary School Teachers (S. H. Bowden and C. Corlis); (5) Bi-epistemic Research in a Policy Context: Current Findings and Subsequent Studies (L. Cherubini); (6) Replacing the Birth Language for Internationally Adopted Children: Linguistic and Cognitive Effects (A. P. Davies); (7) Strategies for Managing Culturally Diverse Virtual Teams: Creating a Feeling of Globalness (M. Flammia); (8) Neoliberalism and Privatization of Urban Health Care Facilities in Bangladesh (K. S. Haq); (9) Engaging Students through the Dynamic Learning Approach (M. M. Hussein); (10) Role of Cultural Diplomacy in Strengthening Diplomatic Relations: A Case Study on U.S.-Bangladesh Relations (M. T. Islam and M. N. Nur); (11) Just Eat It: An Examination of the Sociological Factors that Influence the Eating Habits of College Students (A. Minnick); (12) Why We Should be Skeptical of Bandura's Bobo Dolls (A. Pulido); (13) Opportunity Costs of Planning with Mandated Assessments: A Case Study of Fourth Grade Social Studies (R. Reed); (14) RCAIntervention: An Intervention System for Traditional, Blended, and Online Courses (J. Reynolds and C. Cummings); (15) Millennials at the Ballot Box: Where Have All the Young Voters Gone? (M. L. Rogers); (16) Impacts of Socio-Economic Background on Participation in Various Sport Types (H. I. Sengör); (17) Using Film to teach Character Education and Social Justice Education in Social Studies (C. Van Zandt); (18) Creating lessons with the C3 Framework and Digital Literacy (C. Van Zandt and L. Smith); and (19) Examining Students' Patterns Based on Their Historical Knowledge and Ability by Cluster Analysis (D. Yongjun). (Individual papers contain references.) [For the 2014 proceedings, see ED565293.]

We are delighted to welcome you to the International Conference on Education and New Developments 2015-END 2015, taking place in Porto, Portugal, from 27 to 29 of June. Education, in our contemporary world, is a right since we are born. Every experience has a formative effect on the constitution of the human being, in the way one thinks, feels and acts. One of the most important contributions resides in what and how we learn through the improvement of educational processes, both in formal and informal settings. Our International Conference seeks to provide some answers and explore the processes, actions, challenges and outcomes of learning, teaching and human development. Our goal is to offer a worldwide connection between teachers, students, researchers and lecturers, from a wide range of academic fields, interested in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues. We take pride in having been able to connect and bring together academics, scholars, practitioners and others interested in a field that is fertile in new perspectives, ideas and knowledge. We counted on an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, which can supplement our view of the human essence and behavior, showing the impact of their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. This is, certainly, one of the reasons we have many nationalities and cultures represented, inspiring multi-disciplinary collaborative links, fomenting intellectual encounter and development. END 2015 received 528 submissions, from 63 different countries, reviewed by a double-blind process. Submissions were prepared to take form as Oral Presentations, Posters, Virtual Presentations and Workshops. It was accepted for presentation in the conference, 176 submissions (33% acceptance rate). The conference also includes a keynote presentation from an internationally distinguished researcher, Professor Dr. Martin Braund, Adjunct Professor at Cape Peninsula University of Technology in Cape Town, South Africa and Honorary Fellow in the Department of Education at the University of York, UK, to whom we express our most gratitude. This volume is composed by the proceedings of the International Conference on Education and New Developments (END 2015), organized by the World Institute for Advanced Research and Science (W.I.A.R.S.) and had the help of our respected media partners that we reference in the dedicated page. This conference addressed different categories inside the Education area and papers are expected to fit broadly into one of the named themes and sub-themes. To develop the conference program we have chosen four main broad-ranging categories, which also cover different interest areas: (1) In TEACHERS AND STUDENTS: Teachers and Staff training and education; Educational quality and standards; Curriculum and Pedagogy; Vocational education and Counseling; Ubiquitous and lifelong learning; Training programs and professional guidance; Teaching and learning relationship; Student affairs (learning, experiences and diversity); Extra-curricular activities; Assessment and measurements in Education. (2) In PROJECTS AND TRENDS: Pedagogic innovations; Challenges and transformations in Education; Technology in teaching and learning; Distance Education and eLearning; Global and sustainable developments for Education; New learning and teaching models; Multicultural and (inter)cultural communications; Inclusive and Special Education; Rural and indigenous Education; Educational projects. (3) In TEACHING AND LEARNING: Educational foundations; Research and development methodologies; Early childhood and Primary Education; Secondary Education; Higher Education; Science and technology Education; Literacy, languages and Linguistics (TESL/TEFL); Health Education; Religious Education; Sports Education. (4) In ORGANIZATIONAL ISSUES: Educational policy and leadership; Human Resources development; Educational environment; Business, Administration, and Management in Education; Economics in Education; Institutional accreditations and rankings; International Education and Exchange programs; Equity, social justice and social change; Ethics and values; Organizational learning and change. The proceedings contain the results of the research and developments conducted by authors who focused on what they are passionate about: to promote growth in research methods intimately related to teaching, learning and applications in Education nowadays. It includes an extensive variety of contributors and presenters, who will extend our view in exploring and giving their contribution in educational issues, by sharing with us their different personal, academic and cultural experiences. (Individual papers contain references.)

Official Development Assistance (ODA) is an increasingly important part of foreign aid budgets. Countries that offer foreign aid to other nations do so for many, often contradictory reasons that range from national security and economic self-interest to humanitarian concerns. Every donor state uses ODA as an instrument of its foreign policy. This paper describes findings of a study that examined the relationship between Japan's and the United States' officially stated foreign-aid objectives and the trainees who participate in the two countries' programs. The study analyzed the links between aid flows and policy positions by determining the correlation between numbers of participating trainees by recipient country and three possible donor policy indicators. The data indicate that neither the Japanese nor the United States' participant-training practices match their official foreign policy objectives. Despite changes in policy to emphasize humanitarian interests, Japan offers trainee opportunities to its trading partners significantly more often than to other developing countries. Neither of the agencies that administer training programs in Japan reflect humanitarian policy objectives. The United States adheres to a humanitarian policy as part of its development-assistance statements; however, the data show that the United States trains more people from countries with large gross national products (GNPs) per capita than from countries with smaller GNPs. Additionally, the participant-trainee programs do not reflect the United States' stated foreign-policy objective of promoting economic interests. Six tables are included. (Contains 11 references.) (LMI)

This publication presents a diverse collection written by a well-respected group of speakers and authors which includes government leaders, policy makers, education experts and administrators from all over the higher education world. The papers collected hereunder represent the conference proceedings of the Eurasian Higher Education Leaders' Forum held 20-21 August 2012 at the GSE (Graduate School of Education) at Nazarbayev University in Astana, Kazakhstan. The Forum was set up to further the GSE's aim of bringing together international communities of educators, researchers and leaders who will draw on robust research to address pressing education policy issues and provide innovative, evidence-based advice to policymakers and practitioners both locally and internationally. The presentation speeches, case studies and research articles in this compendium offer unique perspectives on the future of higher education, showcasing the breadth and depth of opinions from different corners of the world. Most papers feature case studies of higher education institutions - and, indeed, faculty - dealing with the demands on higher education brought about by the post-industrial era, globalization and the internationalization of education. The authors examine the issues surrounding education reform and the challenges that institutions face in the 21st century. They raise debates on quality assurance, university autonomy and accountability, university governance, and strategic partnerships of universities. The discussion of these themes in these conference proceedings, their innovative treatment and research methodologies, and the recommendations that the authors make will help policy makers, practitioners and researchers to draw lessons, to make comparisons and to understand how global and regional trends impact higher education internationally. Stakeholders across the field of higher education in the Eurasian sub-continent - and those with personal and academic interests in the region - will find the data and insights of special and particular interest. Keynote speeches in this proceedings include: (1) Educational Policy Achievements in Kazakhstan (Bakhytzhan Zhumagulov); (2) Education Reforms in Kazakhstan (Yerbol Orynbayev); (3) The University: A Center of Learning? (David Bridges); (4) Lessons from an American Quandary Strengthening Shared Governance in Turbulent Times (Robert Zemsky); (5) What Are Universities for in 21st Century (Michael Worton); (6) Challenges for Tertiary Education in the 21st Century (Jamil Salmi). Articles in the proceedings include: (1) A Few Global Trends and Points of Commonality in Quality Assurance in Higher Education (Alan Ruby); (2) The Impact of Standardized Testing on Education Quality: The Case of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2006 and 2009 (Duishon Shamatov); (3) Understanding Faculty Perceptions of the Current State of Higher Education Governance in Kazakhstan (Aslan Sarinzhipov, Aida Sagintayeva, and Kairat Kurakbayev); (4) Internationalization of University and Learning of University and Learning Process: Web 2.0 Dimensions (Leonids Ribickis, Igors Tipans, and Karlis Valtin); and (5) Reflection on the Development of Chinese Higher Education in the Post-Industrial Era (Serjan Uhibai). Case studies include: (1) Current State and Prospective of University Partnership Using an Example of Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (Gulnara Krasnova); (2) International Relations at Universitatea Babes-Bolyai (Ioan-Aurel POP); and (3) International Collaboration of S. Toraigyrov Pavlodar State University: Science with No Boundaries (Serik Omirbayev). Individual papers contain figures and references. [This publication was produced by Nazarbayev University. Abstract modified to meet ERIC guidelines.]

On March 28-29, 2009, FPRI's Wachman Center hosted 43 teachers from across the country for a weekend of discussion on teaching the nuclear age. In his opening remarks, Walter A. McDougall observed that although students today are not made to crawl under their desks in air raid drills, that atomic power remains, and it is still necessary to raise a nuclear-literate generation. Sessions included: (1) Nuclear Weapons (Jeremy Bernstein); (2) Nuclear Weapons in International Politics (Andrew L. Ross); (3) The Decision to Drop the Bomb (Richard B. Frank); (4) The Nevada Test Site (Troy E. Wade II); (5) The Nuclear Age in the Classroom (Paul Dickler); (6) Cold War Arms Control (Avis Bohlen); (7) Nuclear Weapons Post-Cold War (James Goodby); (8) Does Nuclear Deterrence Apply in the Age of Terrorism? (Adam Garfinkle); and (9) Nuclear Weapons and the Cold War (Hans Mark.)

Understanding the current conflicts and political changes in the Middle East us important for American educators if American students are to understand the dynamics of the region. To discuss these issues, FPRI held its 12th History Institute for Teachers on October 16-17, 2004. Forty teachers from 15 states attended the weekend program at the Gregg Conference Center in Bryn Mawr, PA, sponsored by Mason Crest Publishers and Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Fox. Sessions included: (1) The Future of Saudi Arabia and What al-Qaeda Websites Tell Us (Michael Doran); (2) Iraqi Democracy (Eric Davis); (3) U. S. Policy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict (Harvey Sicherman); (4) The Role of Syria, Jordan, and Egypt (Najib Ghadbian); (5) Economics, Demography and Oil (Bernard Munk); (6) Women in the Middle East (Beth Baron); and (7) The Next Middle East (Robert D. Kaplan.) Additional FPRI resources are listed.

Arguing that assumptions and behaviors related to time are culturally determined, this paper proposes that diplomats must learn to pay more attention to comparative chronemics--the study of time across cultures. The paper points out that differences in the perception of time was a key element in the conflict between Iran and the United States in which 50 Americans were taken hostage. It describes chronemic behavior in the United States as linear, formal, and precise--reflecting a cultural emphasis on newness, progress, and efficiency--and in Iran as marked by temporality and interpretable in terms of a complex mixture of Persian lifestyles, foreign interference in Iranian history, Islamic "instantaneism," and Shi'ite mysticism. The paper concludes that a greater sensitivity to chronemic orientations across cultures is essential for effective international diplomacy. (FL)

This paper reviews political symbols aimed at the United States found in "Granma Weekly Review" and in Fidel Castro's speeches to see if they have changed in a predicted manner over an 18-year period and whether changes in symbol content of "Granma" and Castro's speeches correspond. The paper first explains the functions of the Cuban media, and then recounts the history and status of U.S.-Cuban relations. Next, the paper examines Castro's attitude toward the United States. The paper then analyzes the 100 most-used symbols referring to the United States in "Granma" and finds similar symbol usage in Castro's speeches during years researchers thought to be periods of closer relations between the United States and Cuba. However, researchers found that the frequency of symbol usage in"Granma" was not similar to that found in Castro's speeches. The paper suggests that the message Castro presents in his speeches is a complex one--the message he is sending to the world community through interviews and other statements is inconsistent with the aggressive language contained in his speeches where symbol usage reflects overt Cuban policy. The paper finds that before 1974, "Granma" and Castro's speeches were similar in their use of aggressive symbols, but since then the use of aggressive symbols in "Granma" has been a better indicator of Cuban policy. Seven tables of data, nine figures of data matrix, and 67 notes are included. (MS)

Broadcasters, television engineers and the production industry have encountered many problems with diverse television standards since the introduction of color television. With the advent of high definition television (HDTV), the chance to have a common production standard for international exchange of programs and technical information has returned once again. However, this seems to be impossible with HDTV developers in Japan, Europe, and the United States supporting different production standards. International cooperation would be a means of reaching a single world production standard for HDTV. Such cooperation would reduce the high costs of reinventing the systems and would unite many-sided experts and resources to search for the best standard. The payoff of this cooperation would benefit all parties as they could share a larger market and eliminate the costs of converting from one system to another. Licensing agreements, worldwide investment, research and development, and the formation of consortia are examples of cooperative activities that would lead to this end. (16 references) (DB)

Editorials in four prestigious American papers and two Filipino dailies addressing the 1986 election and revolution in the Philippines were compared for differences. Four hypotheses were tested: (1) that in treatment of the Philippines, editorials in the U.S. national prestige press would place more emphasis than do those in the Filipino newspapers on topics that have evolved over a long period, received intense recent coverage, and relate clearly to American interests and U.S.-Filipino relations; (2) that the Filipino press would focus editorials more often than does the U.S. press on concrete acts and events relating to the campaign, election, and revolution; (3) that editorials in either country would deal more often with acts involving primarily that country and its citizens; and (4) that Filipino editorials would have greater agenda diversity than would American newspapers about events in the Philippines. Thirty-eight editorials from the "Christian Science Monitor,""Wall Street Journal,""New York Times," and "Washington Post" were compared with 85 editorials from "Malaya" and the "Philippine Daily Inquirer," each of which dealt with the election and its context between January 15 and March 15, 1986. Each hypothesis was analyzed extensively, with the first three proving supportable and the fourth partially supportable. Overall, the similarities between American and Filipino editorials, when viewed in structural terms, tended to outweigh the differences. (Tables of data and 56 references are included.) (AEW)

The importance of restructuring the discipline of geography and enhancing its role in the precollege curriculum as part of a global approach to education is emphasized in this paper. International education is seen as an essential part of high school and college education in an increasingly interdependent world. The oil crisis, the world economic recession, and the Iranian hostage crisis have made the U.S. public aware of the complex world situation and have increased the need to understand the complexities of global interdependence. A revitalization of regional geography or area studies with a global emphasis and a problems approach is suggested. In order to show how geography developed as a discipline and illustrate its placement in the curriculum of the United States and Europe, its history is traced from the eighteenth century to the present. Traditionally, geography has held a higher status in the curriculum in Europe than in the United States. By the time a global perspective was introduced into the United States curriculum, theoretical goegraphy prevailed at the university level, and geography was never introduced as a required and integral part of high school education as it was in Europe. (SM)

A model was developed positing four factors as having a determinant influence on the desire of Mexicans for future economic relationships between their country and the United States. The factors, previously identified as occupying a central position in intercultural communication, are perceptions of shared interests, threats, homophily, and accuracy. The model was tested using data collected in a survey of 800 Mexicans identified as holding "elite" positions in three metropolitan areas. The subjects, business executives (for both Mexican-owned and American-owned companies), government officials, professors, secondary school teachers, mass media executives, university students, and labor leaders, were chosen because they could be expected to be influential in decisions affecting future relationships between their country and the United States. After having been gathered through personal interviews with the subjects, the data were submitted to LISTREL analysis, a path analysis technique involving multiple indicators of latent variables. The results were supportive of the model with an acceptable goodness of fit and with a high level of variance accounted for in the sole dependent variable. However, the results did indicate that the initial posited relationships among latent variables were more complex than first hypothesized. (Appendixes contain definitions for the elite occupations and operationalizations for the multiple indicators.) (FL)

The full texts of two speeches given at a Wingspread symposium in February 1976 deal with the exigency for a new international economic order which takes into account the needs of the developing nations, the reasons for conflicts between the developing and developed worlds, and the need for action now. Neville Kanakaratne, ambassador to the United States from Sri Lanka, states the case for a new international economic order. He discusses why there is a need to revise the economic order set up after World War II, describes the plight of the ordinary people of the Third World, and suggests three fields of international activity-- international trade, monetary system, and transfer of resources--where there is opportunity to institute a new economic order. Dr. Carol Baumann, of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, discusses four questions: (1) What has provided the sharp conflicts between the developed and the developing world and why do the problems of development necessitate the consideration of a new economic order? (2) What has led to the current pressures to create new worldwide institutions and policies to deal with these problems and conflicts? (3) What are the political, economic, and moral imperatives which face the United States in its dealings with the developing nations? and (4) Why is it crucial that the U.S. public be involved in developing U.S. policies toward the developing world? (Author/NE)

Forty years ago, George F. Kennan advanced the doctrine of containment against Soviet encroachment throughout the world. The Soviet Union has evolved from a Eurasian land power into a global superpower. In an effort to create an international environment congenial to domestic reforms, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev has sought greater tranquility along Soviet borders. He seeks to exploit latent anti-nuclear sentiment in Europe and to challenge the conceptual underpinnings of Western deterrence. While an Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces (INF) agreement would represent a major victory for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), there are some who fear Gorbachev's moves represent a more subtle and effective means of removing the U.S. nuclear presence from Europe. This would leave a denuclearized Europe alone to face numerically superior Soviet conventional forces. These concerns can be dealt with by recognizing that NATO will need to retain a significant nuclear element in its strategy of flexible response. That element will be composed of nuclear warheads on INF aircraft and U.S. submarine-launched ballistic missiles. Gorbachev is also attempting to improve relations in the Far East and to exploit the turmoil in the Persian Gulf area. However, any significant change in the conduct of Soviet foreign policy will only gradually emerge. The future U.S.-Soviet relationship is likely to continue to contain elements of conflict and cooperation. A firm, consistent, and patient policy can help the U.S. attain its foreign policy goals. (SM)

Although much is known about how governments and major media organizations stand on some world press problems, some important actors in the debate--small- and medium-size newspapers in the United States--have been ignored. The editors of these newspapers are gatekeepers who, like their counterparts on large elite newspapers, play a fundamental role in determining the images of the world which their readers receive. To measure "typical" American editors' views of what are the most important problems facing the world press, editorial staffs of 31 small- and 30 medium-size daily newspapers and 38 state newspapers (largest daily newspaper in the state) answered questionnaires (an overall response rate of 66%). Findings indicate that the editors on these newspapers regarded government pressure on the press, such as governmental controls, closings of newspapers, and gags on the press, as a major problem. Other problems which emerged from the analysis but which were not seen as important included development-related problems, coverage of the Third World, and professional needs of the newspaper industry. Results also suggest that the concerns of the world press problems among the editors of small- and medium-size daily newspapers may not be greatly different from the concerns of the large, elite press. (Thirty notes and three tables are included.) (MS)

To provide a better understanding of the depictions of countries by the news media, it is necessary to determine whether similar portraits are presented in all types of reporting or whether there are different, or even contradictory, portrayals of foreign countries within individual newspapers considered nationally influential. A study examined the images presented of the governments of El Salvador and Nicaragua in four U.S. elite newspapers during 1983, primarily focusing on the frequency and direction of mention. Content analysis was used in an attempt to discern whether an overall image of a foreign country is a reasonable manifestation of how that country is presented in mass media, or whether such an overall measure is too broad. Results indicated considerable differences between the images presented by domestic and foreign reporters, probably due to the differences in the informational sources they consult and quote in their reports rather than any overt bias. In addition, findings suggest that there is a relationship between the policy position of the U.S. Government toward the governments of El Salvador and Nicaragua and the type of coverage those two governments receive in the elite press of the United States. (Five tables and 44 notes are appended.) (MS)

The shooting down of KAL Flight 007, a South Korean airliner, by a Soviet jet fighter, and the resulting deaths of the 269 people on board, has brought into focus the Reagan's administration's equivocal relationship with the Soviet Union, provided insights into the channels of power in the Soviet military hierarchy, and led other nations to concentrate on international codes of conduct for the superpowers. A study explored in detail one of the first news reports about the flight. In addition, the study examined United States representations of the Soviet Union, and more broadly, the relationship of news to cultural life. The first account of the shooting of Flight 007 in the "New York Times" (September 2, 1983) was analyzed by using Paul Ricoeur's hermeneutic approach. The analysis found that in the "New York Times" report, the international incident: (1) was portrayed in the narrow context of United States affairs, (2) was firmly grounded in American culture; (3) gave heavy emphasis to American officials, American reactions, and possible American reprisals; and (4) affirmed a dominant United States role in world affairs. The analysis also revealed that the report could be seen as a drama of victimage that creates and then castigates an enemy shared by a group in a dramatic enactment that offers integration, identification, and social cohesion. (Thirty-one references are included, and the "New York Times" article is appended.) (MS)

The Soviet Union (USSR) is a different place from what it was two years ago. The essential nature of these differences is, however, not obvious and the picture remains mixed. Recent developments involving political prisoners, freedom to travel and emigrate, broadcast jamming, and Czechoslovak relations seem to indicate that the Soviet society is at a turning point. It will be apparent whether Soviet society will turn in a positive direction only when predictions become reality, when promises become performance, when gestures become practices, when episodes become patterns, and when isolated steps become a long march. In the view of the United States, implementation is the key element in the entire process. New proposals can be an incentive to implementation; they must not be a substitute for it. In that spirit, the United States and 16 other Western countries have, during the past two weeks, introduced 16 proposals covering the entire human dimension of the Helsinki Final Act. They are focused a single objective: implementation. (BZ)

A study was conducted to describe the extent and dimensions of televised messages about nation, culture, and the Olympics, comparing them across three broadcast systems in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The study was based on complete opening ceremony telecasts by NBC in America, Australia's Network TEN, and the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). Data were gathered on important audio and visual dimensions of the broadcasts. The three major components of the ceremony as planned by the event organizers were: (1) the obligatory Olympic rituals and gestures as defined by the Olympic Charter; (2) the entry/exit of the athletes; and (3) cultural performances including music, dance and demonstrations. Findings indicated that all of the opening ceremony telecasts conveyed an emphasis on both nation and Olympic-style internationalism. A second general finding was that the three broadcast systems offered viewers different constructions of the Seoul opening ceremony. Results also indicated that, despite varied constructions and interpretations of the ceremony, South Korea's overall image portrayal across three opening ceremony telecasts was positive. The empirical evidence presented provides strong confirmation that television constructs the Olympic spectacle into multiple realities and that it does so with profound implications for images of nation, culture and the Olympic movement. (Four figures and four tables of data are included. One appendix, showing the "story units" of the opening telecast, and 39 references are attached.) (MG)

The following papers are included: "Introduction: Labor in a Global Economy" (Hecker, Hallock); "Labor in a Global Economy" (Marshall); "Canadian Labor Strategies for a Global Economy" (Carr); "Recent Developments in the Canadian Political Economy" (Watkins); "Labor and Politics in the U.S. and Canada" (Bernard); "The Political Action Strategy of the Washington State Labor Council" (Kenney); "Restructuring in Industrial Relations and the Role for Labor" (Verma); "Trade, Competition, and Jobs: An Internationalist Strategy" (Dorman); "Labor Alternatives to International Competition" (Donohue); "Challenging the Ethic of Competitiveness: What's at Stake for Labor" (Gerard); "An International Mobilization Strategy" (Cohen); "Mobilizing across Borders: Unions and Multinational Corporations" (Pomeroy); "Expanding Labor's Agenda: Community Coalitions, Capital Strategies, and Economic Development" (Swinney); "Labor Has No Choice But to Play the Capital Strategies Game" (Tusler); "Achieving Authentic Labor Market Flexibility: A North-American Union Perspective" (Marschall); "Australian Union Movement Strategy" (Ogden); "Flexible Labor Markets and Labor Training--An American and International Analysis" (Deutsch); "Flexibility, Job Security, and Labor Market Policy" (Flumian); "The Impact of International Capital on Australian Labor" (Wheelwright); "A Most Un-labourlike Experience--Six Years of a Labour Government in New Zealand and Its Impact on Organized Labor" (Harbridge); "The New Work Force: Management and Labor Strategies" (Nussbaum); "The Contingent Workforce in Canada: Problems and Solutions" (MacPhail); "A Multicultural Framework for Worker Education" (La Luz); "The Politics of Privatization" (Clements); "Fighting Privatization: The British Columbia Experience" (Shields); "The Right to Organize: Labor Law and Its Impact in British Columbia" (Lanyon, Edwards); "Organizing in Canada: Adapting to Changing Conditions" (Oleksiuk); "Organizing Immigrant Workers in the Global Economy" (Quan); "The Deficiency of the Voluntary Compliance Model as a Public Policy Instrument in Workplace Health and Safety in Canada" (Sass); "Occupational Health and Safety Twenty Years after OSHA" (Baker); "Pattern Bargaining in the Pacific Northwest Lumber and Sawmill Industry: 1980-1989" (Widenor); "Pattern Bargaining in the Wood Products Industry in Western Canada" (MacLellan): "Current Issues and Future Strategies for Forest-Product Unions" (Scott); "Paying Too Much, Buying Too Little: U.S. Medical Care on the Critical List" (Schoen); "The Uninsured and Rising Health Care Costs" (Brown); "Health Care: Lessons from Canada" (Schreck, Petrie); and "The Role of the States in Health Care Reform" (Kitzhaber). (YLB)