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The audiences of generalist television's newscasts reflect that the viewers' interests and loyalties are constantly changing. Research shows that several elements influence the success of programs and formats, but in this paper, we draw attention to the factors that determine the credibility of newscasts. We also want to know how pluralism is safeguarded in newscasts, as we consider that credibility and pluralism are two intertwined values that influence one another. As credibility is a subjective value, it is required to find new information criteria that is suitable and of the utmost rigor. The main aim is to delve into whether there is a consensus on the basic parameters for the definition, identification, and assessment of credibility of nationwide public service media in Spain. Moreover, we are also interested in whether audience figures can be used to determine the degree of trust of newscasts. The analysis brings forward the observations of researchers, scholars and media professionals that offer a vision on the different approaches that integrate the multiple aspects affecting news consumption and interpretation. We conclude that credibility is a concept composed of multidimensional components, resulting from a process where different filters condition fact perception. That is why a story can have different meanings, related to the different point of views of citizens.

Bourgeois-based approaches to 'critical thinking' are failing to help students develop self-reflexivity and the capacity to think critically about the world. This circumstance has led some Marxist authors to claim that dialectics is the real form of critical thinking, so it should be introduced into teaching/learning activities. This advocacy for dialectical thinking has not been translated thus far into concrete course programmes or syllabi that help understand how such a Marxian-informed approach to education might be worked out, nor do these authors have systematically reflected on the potentialities and limitations that the embedment of dialectics into teaching may bear. This paper addresses both aspects in the light of a particular case study--the design and implementation of a course in Science Communication for graduates that has the theoretical and methodological foundations of the Critique of Political Economy as it basis. It thus outlines the contours of the study programme of that course; comments on what are the material bases on which this proposal finds its conditions of existence, and, relatedly, what are the advantages that this Marxian-inspired perspective vis-à-vis other approaches to 'critical thinking'; and theorises on whether it is possible to unpack the full potential of dialectical thought within the boundaries of capitalist education. The enquiry concludes that, insofar as the capital-form is a fetter for the development of the productive forces of society, it impinges on any Marxian-informed approach to teaching/learning activities in several ways.

Based on a survey of 122 journalists from four Spanish newspapers carried out from 2015 to 2016, this paper analyses to what extent these professionals perceive a disconnection --a gap-- between their role conception and their perceived role enactment, that is between their professional ideals and their journalistic practice, and which are the most "conflicting" roles in a Polarized Pluralist media system. According to the perceptions of the professionals surveyed, journalists in Spain hold a role conflict when they work in a newspaper. The findings show significant differences between the role conception and the perceived role enactment in six of the seven professional roles. The biggest divergences are located in the watchdog, civic and disseminator roles. The conflict between the professional ideals and their implementation in the news is always resolved in favor of the media organizations. Our results are consistent and support the previous studies that have defined the Polarized Pluralist media system as a media ecosystem where journalists accumulate little power compared to the media organizations, which are in financial debt and dependent on political and economic powers. Results are discussed according to the literature review as well as the context in which the study was developed.

This research aims to portray the way young adult people interact with news and how their consumption is affected by advertising and personal data sharing. "Digital News Report Spain 2018", a questionnaire on the consumption of digital media undertaken by a national panel of 2,023 Internet users, is used as a main source. Among the users mentioned, there were 293 young people from 25 to 34 years old who belong to the Millennial generation. Data from this report was completed with a qualitative study in which two focus groups were held, featuring people of that age frame residing in Navarre. The paper concludes that young adult people are generally interested in news, which they access mainly via mobile devices. Their interest grows when the content affects them directly, but also if they empathize with the topic. On the other hand, their familiar background and social routines shape the way they receive information. Young adult people still make use of traditional media, although they consider it ideologically biased. Advertising is something annoying, although they generally have little knowledge and even less intention to use ad-blockers. Finally, their review of the personalized services is negative, but they tend to give away personal data to media if this facilitates their news access.

The paper aims at understanding the intersections between technology and the professional practices in some of the new trends in journalism that are using the new tools: multimedia journalism, immersive journalism, and data journalism. The great dilemma facing journalism when training new professionals--especially the youngest--is not the training in new technologies anymore. The main concern lies in taking advantage of their skills to create a new computational model while keeping the essence of journalism. There is a twofold objective: answering questions about which tools are being used to produce pieces of news, and which kind of knowledge is needed in the present century. Based on the review of reports from professional organizations and institutes, an exploratory research to 25 European and American journalists was developed. The authors selected three cases of study. The cases allowed the authors to conclude that the technology matrix is going to remain and that change and digital process is not turning back and demands to evolve and adapt to new dynamics of work in multidisciplinary teams where the debate between journalists and technologists must be ongoing. Different approaches nourish the double way of skills and competences in the profiles of the current technological journalist, which professionals perceive as a demand in the present ecosystem.

This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric review of the development of artificial intelligence (AI) in journalism based on the analysis of 331 articles indexed in the Scopus database between 2019 and 2023. This research combines bibliometric approaches and quantitative content analysis to provide an in-depth conceptual and structural overview of the field. In addition to descriptive measures, co-citation and co-word analyses are also presented to reveal patterns and trends in AI- and journalism-related research. The results show a significant increase in the number of articles published each year, with the largest contributions coming from the United States, Spain, and the United Kingdom, serving as the most productive countries. Terms such as "fake news", "algorithms", and "automated journalism" frequently appear in the reviewed articles, reflecting the main topics of concern in this field. Furthermore, ethical aspects of journalism were highlighted in every discussion, indicating a new paradigm that needs to be considered for the future development of journalism studies and professionalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper reviews some academic works on fake news published in Spain in the last seven years, a period in which the 2016 and 2020 US elections and the COVID-19 pandemic marked a turning point in the 'era of disinformation', a term that the European Union (EU) describes as "verifiably false or misleading information that is created, presented and disseminated for profit or to deliberately mislead the public, and is likely to cause public harm". Methodology: Some of the most relevant academic articles on fake news published from 2016 to the present were analysed. Results: In the last seven years, hoaxes and fake news have become even more sophisticated—including audiovisual materials, known as deep fakes—and constitute a political and social concern of the first order insofar as they threaten democratic life and social harmony in all countries. Conclusions: Although it is not a phenomenon specific to the media, since it has found its natural medium in social networks and the Internet, disinformation—which polarises society and fosters hatred—once again calls into question the role of journalism in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Analisi: Quaderns de Comunicacio i Cultura is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Analisi: Quaderns de Comunicacio i Cultura is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodistico is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodistico is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The following research reviews articles in the press related to Isabel Preysler, a celebrity of Filipino origin in Spain, who was often covered by the Spanish media because of her romantic relationships: marrying the singer Julio Iglesias in the 1970s, remarrying twice in the following decade (to Hispanic aristocrat, Carlos Falcó, in 1980, and then to the politician Miguel Boyer in 1988), and starting a new relationship with the novelist Mario Vargas Llosa after becoming a widow in 2014. Through an analysis of issues related to racism and sexism in different press releases, the objective of this paper is to determine whether significant temporal and historical changes affected the way the articles about this celebrity were framed. The conclusions indicate that although there was an improvement in the news from the seventies and eighties (i.e., Preysler's first marriages), the journalistic articles during the years of Preysler's relationship with Vargas Llosa presented misogynist biases by characterizing Preysler as an attractive exotic woman because she is Asian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Signo y Pensamiento is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodistico is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, fact-checking journalism has become one of the dominant strategies to tackle disinformation. For these entities to be effective and gain the trust of citizens, it is essential that they carry out their work under the principles of ideological neutrality, especially when they try to verify political discourse. This paper, groundbreaking in the Spanish context, aims to analyze the verification practices and possible partisan biases of political fact-checking in Spain through a specific study applied to Newtral, the main fact-checker specialized in politics in this country. The political verification practices used by this fact-checker since the beginning of its activity (October 2018-October 2022) were analyzed through quantitative content analysis. In a second phase, the same study was replicated, applied only to the discourse of the main national political leaders. The study used inferential statistics (chi-square hypothesis tests, correlational studies, Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test). No significant differences were observed between political parties in any of the variables analyzed in the phases of execution and verdict, neither in the general sample nor in the specific sample related to political leaders. However, greater attention is paid to the statements made by politicians belonging to Partido Popular, whose discourse is more checked, which could indicate a certain selection bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Cuadernos.info is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Facultad de Comunicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Trípodos is the property of Universitat Ramon Llull, Facultat de Comunicacio Blanquerna and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos.info is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Facultad de Comunicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyzes the role of women in communication research. It does so by studying their presence/absence in the bibliographies of the syllabus of 108 theoretical courses of journalism degrees taught in 36 colleges in Spain during the 2020-2021 academic year. The work investigates the roles and presences of women in the field of communication, measuring the degree of visibility of women scientists and their contributions in a statistical and comparative way to that of male researchers, quantifying the citation patterns according to the gender of the authors. The data were analyzed with the free statistical software R (version 4.0.3) and a descriptive and inferential analysis was performed. The main results regarding the citation patterns of the research are: 1) an under-citation of publications written by female scientists; 2) an over-citation of publications by male researchers; and 3) the nonexistence of gender homophily (researchers do not tend to cite more authors of their same gender), since female authors are little cited and this low visibility is due to both female and male faculty members. The most referenced author is Elizabeth Noelle-Neumann, one of the few "classics" present, indicating a Matilda effect regarding the historical erasure of female contributions. In conclusion, the paper argues for the need to transform not only citation practices, but an entire scientific culture that denies women as a source of reference and authority from the early stages of university education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper studies the evolution and current situation of the topic Journalistic Production in the training of journalists when fifty years of university studies in Spain are marked with the creation of the first Faculties of Information Sciences. From the research field and from the university training field, a delimitation of Journalistic Production with respect to other areas has not been conducted yet. Our main goal is to know the representation of the subject Journalistic Production in the training proposal of Spanish public universities within the framework of the European Higher Education Area. We carry out a content analysis of the lecturing guides of 282 courses belonging to the study plans of the degrees and double degrees in Journalism of 22 Spanish public universities, where we quantitatively observe the offer of specific contents of Journalistic Production by kind of subjects, credits, courses and knowledge areas and, also, qualitatively the jargon of the subjects and the specificity degree in the treatment of the contents. We conclude that there is a stable presence of contents on Journalistic Production, although they are perceived as fragmented and scattered in varied courses, as well as a lack of recognition in the terminology of subjects and a low or very low level of specificity in the contents lectured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodistico is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents the main findings of a qualitative study of news on femicides appearing in leading native digital news outlets in Spain. The study focused on 267 news items published in five digital news outlets between 1 January and 31 December 2017. The selection of the news outlets was based on their readership numbers and whether or not their editorial lines adopted a gender or feminist perspective. In order to assess ethical quality, the tool designed by Zurbano-Berenguer and García-Gordillo (2017) was used. Based on this tool, the results indicate the following: (1) news about femicides is of medium quality; (2) native digital news outlets with a gender perspective offer better and higher quality coverage; and (3) the extent to which ethical recommendations are followed is still very patchy, thus calling for more in-depth multi-methodological analyses. These findings allow us to conclude that there is a need to conduct further qualitative research involving media professionals that helps us to understand why, despite the clear recommendations and rules established in media ethical codes, there are still considerable deficiencies in ethical quality and sensitivity when reporting on such a key issue for democratic society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this paper is to analyze communication policies and the relationship between state and press in Portugal and Spain, with special emphasis on these two countries' particular characteristics within the Euro-Mediterranean model. A historical approach has been taken to explain context and measures of the past that have led to the current situations. Moreover, the paradigm shift that digital convergence is bringing about makes it necessary to reflect upon how these countries, each with a very definite journalistic tradition, are facing the future of the press. There is no guarantee that government measures of the past will be able to ensure the competitive vitality that converging international media requires. Finally, the paper also reviews how various policies of state aid and impact assessment contribute to paralysis in decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Comunicación y Hombre is the property of Universidad Francisco de Vitoria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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This study is centred on the influence of online journalistic language on narrative forms. Since the hypothesis that this original language determine general and distinctive features in online models, as well as concept transformations in the traditional ones, the study examines these common characteristics due to be applied in the study of online journalism genres. With this purpose, it takes as case study one of the most innovative models employed in the creation of online contents, commonly called the "Special report", and considers its use on two of the principal press websites in Spain. The paper defines this specifically format produced for web edition, considering its use in previous media, but also its new concept on the internet. The study concludes that this prototype has the ability for developing the new expressive possibilities, together with a greater stylistic and hypertext structural development. This evidence would demand further exploration of other forms and a greater attention to trends in this area. On the basis of these observations, the article pursues the more general aim of reflecting on the changes generated in the traditional forms of narrating events to the public and, consequently, on the implications that the new parameters of elaboration of online journalistic messages hold for fundamental areas of the discipline such as Newswriting and Genres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The first reported case of transmission of the Ebola virus in Europe occurred in Spain. The subsequent management of communication surrounding the 'outbreak' brought about a crisis with implications for both health authorities and the media. This paper explores the management of institutional communication by the Ministry of Health, within the first forty-eight hours leading up to the diagnosis, as well as the Spanish press' coverage of the "crisis of Ebola". Focus will be placed on the analysis of the front pages of 6 Spanish newspapers (with the largest national circulation) as well as 17 regional newspapers, and their possible sensationalist impact within those first forty-eight hours (October 7th and 8th, 2014). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article herein presents the results of a research study focused on the evolution of reportage in the Spanish press over a span of four decades. This is the first longitudinal study covering such an extensive period (1982-2018) with regard to this narrative journalistic genre, through publications in La Vanguardia and ABC, the two oldest national newspapers in Spain. The aim of the study is to discover how the genre has evolved in recent decades, in terms of authorship, length, section in which it is published, headlines, visual and complementary elements, and the degree of hybridisation with other journalistic genres. Based on a quantitative and qualitative methodology, a sample was analysed using the constructed week sampling technique (N=346 issues). The results obtained show an increase in the amount and general length of the reports published from the year 2000 onward, as well as a tendency toward hybridisation with genres such as the crónica and the news report. However, there is no evidence of a commitment to narrative aspects. The increase in pagination has been fostered by the incorporation of visual and design elements, while the Society section continues to have the highest share of reportage pieces. Most of the reportage items analysed were bylined by one person, who were predominantly men, which suggests a gender gap in the authorship of prestigious journalistic genres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Doxa Comunicación is the property of Fundacion Universitaria San Pablo - CEU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)