3 results on '"Barbre, Kira"'
Search Results
2. Interruption of onchocerciasis transmission in Bioko Island: Accelerating the movement from control to elimination in Equatorial Guinea
- Author
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Herrador, Zaida, Garcia, Belén, Ncogo, Policarpo, Perteguer-Prieto, Maria Jesus, Rubio Muñoz, Jose Miguel, Rivas, Eva, Cimas, Marta, Ordoñez, Guillermo, de Pablos, Silvia, Hernandez-Gonzalez, Ana, Nguema, Rufino, Moya-Alonso, Laura, Romay-Barja, Maria, Garate, Teresa, Barbre, Kira, Benito, Agustin, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Department for International Development (Reino Unido), and United States Agency for International Development
- Subjects
Male ,Topography ,Physiology ,Social Sciences ,Onchocerciasis ,Geographical locations ,Families ,Sociology ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Simuliidae ,Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays ,Child ,Children ,Islands ,Schools ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Filariasis ,Body Fluids ,Blood ,Helminth Infections ,Child, Preschool ,Equatorial Guinea ,Female ,Anatomy ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,Antibodies, Helminth ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Education ,parasitic diseases ,Parasitic Diseases ,Animals ,Humans ,Disease Eradication ,Immunoassays ,Landforms ,Lymphatic Filariasis ,Biology and Life Sciences ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Geomorphology ,Tropical Diseases ,Insect Vectors ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Age Groups ,Immunoglobulin G ,Africa ,Earth Sciences ,Immunologic Techniques ,Population Groupings ,People and places - Abstract
Background Onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, is a parasitic disease. More than 99 percent of all cases occur in Africa. Bioko Island (Equatorial Guinea) is the only island endemic for onchocerciasis in the world. Since 2005, when vector Simulium yahense was eliminated, there have not been any reported cases of infection. This study aimed to demonstrate that updated WHO criteria for stopping mass drug administration (MDA) have been met. Methodology/Principal findings A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2016 to January 2017. Participants were 5- to 9-year-old school children. Onchocerciasis/lymphatic Filariasis (LF, only in endemic districts) rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) were performed. Blood spots were collected from RDT positive children and 10 percent of the RDT negatives to determine Ov16 and Wb123 IgG4 antibodies through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Skin snips were collected from RDT positives. Filarial detection was performed by PCR in positives and indeterminate sera. Black fly collection was carried out in traditional breeding sites. A total of 7,052 children, ranging from 5 to 9 years of age, were included in the study. Four children (0.06%) were Ov16 IgG4 RDT positives, but negative by ELISA Ov16, while 6 RDT negative children tested positive by ELISA. A total of 1,230 children from the Riaba and Baney districts were tested for LF. One child was Wb123 RDT positive (0.08%), but ELISA negative, while 3 RDT negative children were positive by Wb123 ELISA. All positive samples were negative by PCR for onchocerciasis and LF (in blood spot and skin snip). All fly collections and larval prospections in the traditional catching and prospection sites were negative. Conclusions/Significance WHO criteria have been met, therefore MDA in Bioko Island can be stopped. Three years of post-treatment surveillance should be implemented to identify any new occurrences of exposure or infection., Author summary Onchocerciasis, commonly called river blindness, is a chronic parasitic disease particularly prevalent in Africa. It is transmitted through the bites of infected Simulium blackflies. Onchocerciasis is endemic in Equatorial Guinea. Huge achievements have been made in human and vector control during the last two decades, especially on Bioko Island. Eliminating onchocerciasis transmission on Bioko is feasible given its isolation from other landmasses, which also reduces the risk of reinvasion by the disease vector. Recently updated WHO guidelines for stopping mass drug administration (MDA) and verifying elimination of human onchocerciasis (2016) established a new critical threshold to verify elimination of onchocerciasis transmission based on novel serological tests. We applied these techniques in a representative sample of 5- to 9-year-old school children. An entomological assessment was also carried out. We found no evidence of current infection or recent transmission. There was no evidence of onchocerciasis vectors, and our results from the sample population meet the current WHO serologic criteria for stopping MDA. Based on these results, we recommended to the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare of Equatorial Guinea that MDA on Bioko Island be stopped and that 3 years of post-treatment surveillance should be undertaken to identify any new occurrences of exposure or infection.
- Published
- 2018
3. The rationale and cost-effectiveness of a confirmatory mapping tool for lymphatic filariasis: Examples from Ethiopia and Tanzania.
- Author
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Gass, Katherine M., Sime, Heven, Mwingira, Upendo J., Nshala, Andreas, Chikawe, Maria, Pelletreau, Sonia, Barbre, Kira A., Deming, Michael S., and Rebollo, Maria P.
- Subjects
LYMPHATIC diseases ,FILARIASIS ,DRUG administration - Abstract
Endemicity mapping is required to determining whether a district requires mass drug administration (MDA). Current guidelines for mapping LF require that two sites be selected per district and within each site a convenience sample of 100 adults be tested for antigenemia or microfilaremia. One or more confirmed positive tests in either site is interpreted as an indicator of potential transmission, prompting MDA at the district-level. While this mapping strategy has worked well in high-prevalence settings, imperfect diagnostics and the transmission potential of a single positive adult have raised concerns about the strategy’s use in low-prevalence settings. In response to these limitations, a statistically rigorous confirmatory mapping strategy was designed as a complement to the current strategy when LF endemicity is uncertain. Under the new strategy, schools are selected by either systematic or cluster sampling, depending on population size, and within each selected school, children 9–14 years are sampled systematically. All selected children are tested and the number of positive results is compared against a critical value to determine, with known probabilities of error, whether the average prevalence of LF infection is likely below a threshold of 2%. This confirmatory mapping strategy was applied to 45 districts in Ethiopia and 10 in Tanzania, where initial mapping results were considered uncertain. In 42 Ethiopian districts, and all 10 of the Tanzanian districts, the number of antigenemic children was below the critical cutoff, suggesting that these districts do not require MDA. Only three Ethiopian districts exceeded the critical cutoff of positive results. Whereas the current World Health Organization guidelines would have recommended MDA in all 55 districts, the present results suggest that only three of these districts requires MDA. By avoiding unnecessary MDA in 52 districts, the confirmatory mapping strategy is estimated to have saved a total of $9,293,219. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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