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Anther-specific expression of OsRIP1 causes dominant male sterility in rice To clone I Dms1 i , we constructed a near-isogenic line (NIL) I -NJ4 i SP I Dms1 i sp contains the genetic background of the I japonica i rice variety I Ningjing4 i ( I NJ4 i ) but carries a chromosome segment insertion with I Dms1 i introduced from the mutant donor (Figure S1). When using the anther-specific I EAT1 i promoter to drive I OsRIP1 i in I Nip i , the male sterility phenotype mimicking NIL I -Nip i SP I Dms1 i sp appeared (Figure 1g). Keywords: rice; dominant male sterility; ribosome-inactivating protein; translation inhibition EN rice dominant male sterility ribosome-inactivating protein translation inhibition 1932 1934 3 09/20/23 20231001 NES 231001 Rice ( I Oryza sativa i L.) is a major staple food crop feeding more than half of the world human population. [Extracted from the article]

Male sterility in plants provides valuable breeding tools in germplasm innovation and hybrid crop production. However, genetic resources for dominant genic male sterility, which hold great promise to facilitate breeding processes, are extremely rare in natural germplasm. Here we characterized the Sanming Dominant Genic Male Sterility in rice and identified the gene SDGMS using a map-based cloning approach. We found that spontaneous movement of a 1978-bp long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon into the promoter region of the SDGMS gene activates its expression in anther tapetum, which causes abnormal programmed cell death of tapetal cells resulting in dominant male sterility. SDGMS encodes a ribosome inactivating protein showing N-glycosidase activity. The activation of SDGMS triggers transcription reprogramming of genes responsive to biotic stress leading to a hypersensitive response which causes sterility. The results demonstrate that an ectopic gene activation by transposon movement can give birth to a novel trait which enriches phenotypic diversity with practical utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]