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Population growth has become a serious problem in many countries, especially Egypt. Which leads to an increase in the population area and an increase in buildings, which then leads to several problems, including large energy consumption, increased pollution, traffic congest ion, and others. Therefore, many governments have resorted to using technology and applying it to build smart buildings to help save energy by using renewable energy to improve its impact on the environment, improve the quality of life of citizens, provide security and safety, and so on. The selection of smart buildings depends on many criteria. Since this problem is described as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem, MCDM methods will be used in this paper. A hybrid method is presented to evaluate smart buildings. The first method, MEREC, was used to calculate the weights of criteria, and the VIKOR model was used for ranking alternatives. Then applying those weights to the CoCoSo, COPRAS, and TOPSIS methods for making comparisons using Spearman's correlation coefficients for ranking these four methods. All methods used are applied in the T2NN environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization and the rapid growth of technologies are the main challenges facing the manufacturer and its sustainability and survival. Sustainability for any manufacturing plays an important role in competitive advantage which make the manufacturing firm a sustainable competitor. Sustainability in manufacturing is integrated with Industry 4.0 (I4.0) to achieve benefits of economic, environmental, and social. But it has many criteria and factors and contains incomplete and uncertain information. So, we used the neutrosophic sets to overcome this incomplete information and treat with uncertainty environment. The Single-Valued Neutrosophic Set (SVNS) is used to evaluate these criteria, which include three values (Truth, indeterminacy, and falsity). The SVNS is integrated with Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods. The MCDM concept is used in this paper to deal with many conflicting criteria. A Decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) is utilized for determining the relation between five main criteria and fourteen sub-criteria in this study. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to compute the weights of the main and sub-criteria. Our framework is applied to a real case study in Egypt to show the validity of our framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many countries that derive their energy from fossil fuel sources are turning to renewable, and environmentally friendly energy sources to alleviate the growing concerns about global warming and environmental issues. Bioenergy technology is one of the potential alternatives for renewable energy systems. This paper evaluates sustainable bioenergy production technologies through a case study in Egypt. A comprehensive methodology has been developed in which experts and decision makers are able to use linguistic terms to express their opinions and participate in the decision making required to prioritize the dimensions that affect the sustainability of bioenergy production technologies. Identification of the optimum bioenergy production technology and setting its priorities is a difficult task; many dimensions must be taken into account in the evaluation process, such as the environmental, technical, economic, and social dimensions and their sub-indicators. This paper therefore applies a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach that takes into account many conflicting dimensions. In addition, handling of uncertainty was conducted under a neutrosophic environment using trapezoidal neutrosophic numbers (TNNs). Initially, the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method was employed to identify the relative importance of the dimensions and their sub-indicators. Then, Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) was employed to rank alternatives. An illustrative case considering seven bioenergy production technologies was studied to confirm the feasibility of the suggested approach, and comparisons were performed to show the advantages of the hybrid MCDM techniques. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to prove the validity and stability of the developed framework with variations in weights. The results of this work provide useful information for energy policy decision makers and the results of the case study indicate that the conversion of agricultural and municipal wastes to biogas is the most suitable sustainable bioenergy technology with a weight of 0.996 followed by oil crops to biodiesel technology with weight 0.539. Image 1 • A new MCDM is proposed for the assessment of bioenergy production technologies. • The proposed approach can address uncertainties and imprecision. • 4 main dimensions and 14 sub-indicators are used in the sustainability assessment. • DEMATEL ranked the identified dimensions and EDAS prioritized the alternatives. • A case study is proposed to illustrate the rationality of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generations of city development attempt better sustainable guidelines. This reflects on the number and areas of sustainable land plots therein. Nevertheless, city development goes without evaluating potential sustainable sites. This requires further spatial study to support sustainable site selection (SSS). Hence, this paper discusses SSS in new city development and locates potential land plots which comply with The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) credits' criteria in two categories: on the project level 'Sustainable Sites' (SS) and the context level, the 'Location and Transportation' (LT). This discusses two generations of city development in Egypt, taking a case study for each: the 10th of Ramadan city (first generation) and Badr city (second generation). This pilot study is based on reliable data obtained from the General Organization for the Physical Planning (GOPP) database in Egypt. A comparative Geographic Information System (GIS)-discrete Multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method was adopted. This consisted of the following steps; 1) database layering and Geo-referencing maps were carried out using the GIS, 2) LEED credits' were used to populate the database to develop a weighted sum model (WSM) through a weighted-sum overlay technique, 3) a Land Suitability Index (LSI) was computed using GIS natural breaking classification to rank potential sites into 'Yes', 'Maybe' and 'No' scoring, 4) SSS raster maps were developed based on point-scoring contribution (PSC) of each city towards the environmental features described in each LEED credit. The result showed that Badr city (second generation) had more qualified sustainable sites compared to the 10th of Ramadan city (first generation). This was because the second generation of city planning guidelines provided more land plots with surrounding densities and diverse uses, access to quality transit, reduced parking footprint and more open spaces. Furthermore, land plots in both cities had more potential to obtain points under the SS category rather than the LT category due to missing sustainable local planning regulations. Also, the final weighted-sum overlay analysis showed that only 10% and 27% of total land areas in the 10th of Ramadan city and Badr city, respectively, were qualified to obtain points under both categories. The output interactive maps were made available for public use via a public domain website and the outcome of the study was tested among practitioners for validation. This showed major interest for planners and researchers, followed by investors and policymakers. Accordingly, this study can be replicated to create mapping criteria for sustainable sites in new development areas and consider it for a resilient urban planning policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]