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Background and Objectives : Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused several cardiovascular complications, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in infected patients. This study aims to understand the overall trends of AMI among COVID-19 patients during the first two years of the pandemic and the disparities and outcomes between the first and second years. Materials and Methods : The retrospective analysis was conducted via the 2020 and 2021 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for hospitalizations between April 2020 and December 2021 being analyzed for adults with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 who experienced events of AMI. A comparison of month-to-month events of AMI and mortality of AMI patients with concomitant COVID-19 was made alongside their respective patient characteristics. Results : Out of 2,541,992 COVID-19 hospitalized patients, 3.55% experienced AMI. The highest rate of AMI was in December 2021 (4.35%). No statistical differences in trends of AMI mortality were noted over the 21 months. AMI cases in 2021 had higher odds of undergoing PCI (aOR 1.627, p < 0.01). They experienced higher risks of acute kidney injury (aOR 1.078, p < 0.01), acute ischemic stroke (aOR 1.215, p < 0.01), cardiac arrest (aOR 1.106, p < 0.01), need for mechanical ventilation (aOR 1.133, p < 0.01), and all-cause mortality (aOR 1.032, 95% CI 1.001-1.064, p = 0.043). Conclusions : The incidence of AMI among COVID-19 patients fluctuated over the 21 months of this study, with a peak in December 2021. COVID-19 patients reporting AMI in 2021 experienced higher overall odds of multiple complications, which could relate to the exhaustive burden of the pandemic in 2021 on healthcare, the changing impact of the virus variants, and the hesitancy of infected patients to seek care.

Background and Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused several cardiovascular complications, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in infected patients. This study aims to understand the overall trends of AMI among COVID-19 patients during the first two years of the pandemic and the disparities and outcomes between the first and second years. Materials and Methods: The retrospective analysis was conducted via the 2020 and 2021 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for hospitalizations between April 2020 and December 2021 being analyzed for adults with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 who experienced events of AMI. A comparison of month-to-month events of AMI and mortality of AMI patients with concomitant COVID-19 was made alongside their respective patient characteristics. Results: Out of 2,541,992 COVID-19 hospitalized patients, 3.55% experienced AMI. The highest rate of AMI was in December 2021 (4.35%). No statistical differences in trends of AMI mortality were noted over the 21 months. AMI cases in 2021 had higher odds of undergoing PCI (aOR 1.627, p < 0.01). They experienced higher risks of acute kidney injury (aOR 1.078, p < 0.01), acute ischemic stroke (aOR 1.215, p < 0.01), cardiac arrest (aOR 1.106, p < 0.01), need for mechanical ventilation (aOR 1.133, p < 0.01), and all-cause mortality (aOR 1.032, 95% CI 1.001-1.064, p = 0.043). Conclusions: The incidence of AMI among COVID-19 patients fluctuated over the 21 months of this study, with a peak in December 2021. COVID-19 patients reporting AMI in 2021 experienced higher overall odds of multiple complications, which could relate to the exhaustive burden of the pandemic in 2021 on healthcare, the changing impact of the virus variants, and the hesitancy of infected patients to seek care.

INTRODUCTION: Cannabis is increasingly becoming a socially acceptable substance, with multiple countries having legalised its consumption. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between cannabis use and an increased risk of developing coronary artery disease. However, there is a lack of studies about the influence of cannabis consumption on the outcomes following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analysed hospitalised patients with a primary diagnosis of AMI from the 2001 to 2020 National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Pearsons χ2 tests were applied to categorical variables, and t-tests for continuous variables. We conducted a 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM). Multivariate regression models were deployed on the PSM sample to estimate the differences in several events and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A total of 9,930,007 AMI patients were studied, of whom 117,641 (1.2%) reported cannabis use. Cannabis users had lower odds of atrial fibrillation (aOR = 0.902, p < 0.01), ventricular fibrillation (aOR = 0.919, p < 0.01), cardiogenic shock (aOR = 0.730, p < 0.01), acute ischaemic stroke (aOR = 0.825, p < 0.01), cardiac arrest (aOR = 0.936, p = 0.010), undergoing PCI (aOR = 0.826, p < 0.01), using IABP (aOR = 0.835, p < 0.01), and all-cause mortality (aOR = 0.640, p < 0.01), but with higher odds of supraventricular tachycardia (aOR = 1.104, p < 0.01), ventricular tachycardia (aOR = 1.054, p < 0.01), CABG use (aOR = 1.040, p = 0.010), and acute kidney injury (aOR = 1.103, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients aged 18-80 years admitted to hospital with AMI between 2001 and 2020 in the United States, cannabis use was associated with lower risks of cardiogenic shock, acute ischaemic stroke, cardiac arrest, PCI use, and in-hospital mortality.

Background Racial disparities in cardiovascular conditions are well documented. Whether similar race-based discrepancies in health outcomes also exist among elderly patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for aortic stenosis remains understudied. Methods We abstracted data from the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample over a 20-year period from 2001 to 2020 using specific ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. We included patients aged ≥ 60 and ≤ 80 years with races recorded as White, African American, or Hispanic at the time of their hospitalization for surgery. We analyzed and reported the baseline characteristics, risk-adjusted inhospital mortality, and complications stratified by race. Results Of 420,181 patients studied, 90.0% identified as White, 4.0% as African American and 6.0% as Hispanic. Despite a decrease in overall in-hospital mortality rates from 3.8% between 2001-2005 to 1.8% between 2016-2020, African Americans had higher odds of all-cause in-hospital deaths compared to Whites (aOR = 1.390, P < 0.001). Additionally, they were more likely to experience cardiogenic shock (aOR = 1.241, P < 0.001) and acute kidney injury (aOR = 1.314, P < 0.001) as well as more likely to require organ support such as IABP use (aOR = 1.336, P < 0.001) or invasive mechanical ventilation (aOR = 1.342, P < 0.001). Interestingly, African Americans were less likely to report events of acute ischemic stroke compared to Whites (aOR = 0.852, P < 0.001). Conclusions Despite a reassuring reduction in overall in-hospital mortality rates of geriatric patients undergoing SAVR for aortic stenosis, racial disparities in health outcomes remain pervasive with minorities more likely to report higher in-hospital morbidity and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is a lack of data on the characteristics of teenagers admitted with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Recent studies have hinted that with changes in lifestyle and easier access to substances of abuse, people may be prone to several cardiovascular complications at an earlier age. Material and methods: Our analysis was based on the 2016-2020 National Inpatient Samples. Logistic models allowed us to investigate the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of AMI among teenagers. We explored outcomes and complications such as cardiogenic shock, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and mortality in these patients. Results: A total of 2170 cases of AMI were recorded between 2016 and 2020 (53.3 cases per 100,000 admissions among teenagers). Weekend admissions (26.3% vs. 20.9%, aOR = 1.298, p < 0.001), smokers (15.9% vs. 10.1%, aOR = 1.198, p = 0.007), cannabis users (18.9% vs. 8.4%, aOR = 1.558, p < 0.001), or cocaine users (5.3% vs. 0.6%, aOR = 4.84, p < 0.001) showed increased odds of recording a diagnosis of AMI. Females showed lower odds than males (32.7% vs. 65%, aOR = 0.264, 95% CI: 0.24-0.291, p < 0.001). Admissions were more likely among teenagers with hypertension (9.9% vs. 2.5%, aOR = 3.382, p < 0.001). Those not covered by Medicaid or private insurances were more likely to be admitted for AMI than Medicaid beneficiaries (12.4% vs. 8.2%, aOR = 1.278, p < 0.001). Finally, teenagers classified as Blacks showed higher odds than whites of being admitted for AMI (aOR = 1.37, p < 0.001). A total of 270 (12.5%) deaths were also noted. Conclusions: Various characteristics among teenagers influence their risk for AMI. Further studies and campaigns on educating teenagers about risk factors may provide long-term benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]