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In this paper, an optimal reliability allocation (ORA) model of ±800 kV ultra-high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system is proposed. The model intends to provide the means to determine the availability requirements of components in the bidding process of ±800 kV ultra HVDC transmission projects. In this model, the component availability is optimized based on the prespecified system reliability. The objective function is composed of the component investment cost and the operation and maintenance cost. The ORA is formulated as a constrained nonlinear programming problem, and the genetic algorithm (GA) is used to find its solution. An improved dagger sampling (IDS) method is proposed to evaluate the reliability of ultra HVDC systems, and a bisection method is used to generate the initial population of the GA. An actual ultra HVDC project is used to conduct the case study. Results show that the proposed ORA model can minimize the component investment, operation, and maintenance costs, while achieving optimal allocation of the system reliability index to obtain the availability of components. In addition, the impact of the component spare on the ORA result is investigated. Performance comparison on the sampling efficiency of the IDS method and the direct Monte Carlo sampling method is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross-entropy (CE) method can accelerate power system reliability evaluation effectively. An importance sampling (IS) based iterative parameter updating algorithm is usually used in CE optimization. However, the efficiency in capturing the concerned samples for parameter updating may be unsatisfactory, especially for a system with intrinsic nature of rare failure events. Besides, the stopping criterion of this iterative algorithm is usually determined subjectively, incurring insufficient or excessive parameter updating and a resultant higher computational burden of the entire simulation. To address the above two problems, a CE method based on subset simulation and minimum computational burden criterion is proposed. In CE optimization, the subset simulation combined with M-H sampling is adopted as an alternative to IS to effectively improve the efficiency of capturing desired samples for parameter updating at each iteration. Moreover, a novel quantitative stopping criterion is presented in such a way that the computational burden for the entire simulation is estimated and compared after each parameter updating iteration, and the optimal parameters corresponding to the minimum computational burden can be determined. The computational performance of the proposed method is validated by comparing the proposed approach with existing methods under several numerical tests including a realistic power system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]