759 results
Search Results
2. The Robert Mearns Yerkes papers.
- Author
-
Stark BP
- Subjects
- History, Modern 1601-, United States, Manuscripts as Topic history, Psychology history
- Published
- 1985
3. Purposeful Exploratory Learning with Video Using Analysis Categories
- Author
-
Colasante, Meg
- Abstract
There is still much to be learnt about best practices in leveraging digital resources for learning in higher education. Research on student interactions with online video indicates such practices are as minimal as setting passive-receptive viewing through to teacher-structured purposeful engagement. This position paper focuses on teacher-set analysis categories to guide student exploration of digital video content and to help novices to scaffold their thinking. Various uses of analysis categories within one Australian university in conjunction with a video annotation tool are reviewed. Then practice examples from other universities are reviewed to demonstrate the use of analysis categories in higher education settings without an annotation tool. The literature indicates that the use of categories to inform the design of digital video analysis needs to ensure that the learning challenge is retained. Analysis guided by teacher-set categories tends to be beneficial for performance evaluation in particular. Further research on university teacher practices with digital video is required. [For full proceedings, see ED571332.]
- Published
- 2016
4. Review Papers for Journal of Risk and Financial Management (JRFM).
- Author
-
McAleer, Michael
- Subjects
FINANCIAL risk management ,EFFICIENT market theory ,RISK premiums ,RATE of return ,CAPITAL requirements - Abstract
This paper evaluates an editorial and seven invaluable and interesting review papers for the Journal of Risk and Financial Management (JRFM). The topics covered include the rising complexity of bank regulatory capital requirements from global guidelines to their United States (US) implementation, connections among big data, computational science, economics, finance, marketing, management and psychology, factors, outcome, and the solutions of supply chain finance, with a review and future directions, time-varying price-volume relationship, adaptive market efficiency, and a survey of the empirical literature, improved covariance matrix estimation for portfolio risk measurement, stock investment and excess returns, with a critical review in the light of the efficient market hypothesis, and a cross section analysis of country equity returns, and a review of the empirical literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Two Cultures, Two Dialogists and Two Intersecting Theories
- Author
-
Ravenscroft, Lesley
- Abstract
This paper presents some possibilities for applying the linguistic and psychological theories of two dialogists, Mikhail Bakhtin and Jacques Lacan, to the classroom. There is a short summary of how the two theories may interact with each other and then a discussion of their two opposing views of identity formation. Bakhtin was a Russian, coming from the collectivist paradigm and Lacan's theories were arcane combinations of Freud's emphasis on the needs of the individual and French post-Revolutionary individualism. Lacan insisted that one could only become "whole" at the cost of incompleteness for another. Bakhtin opined that completeness could only be achieved within experiences shared and co-constructed by others. This paper concludes with the question of how teachers can ensure the positive experience of co-construction rather than one person paying a cost for the other's identity-formation and whether it is possible to fully implement insights from a collectivistic paradigm in an education system where the stated aim is to enable each individual to meet his/her potential. (Contains 1 figure and 1 footnote.)
- Published
- 2012
6. Sharing Ideas for Teaching Psychology through an International Translation Project
- Author
-
Smith, Joanna and Castro, Dana
- Abstract
A first time attender at the annual conference of the "National Institute on the Teaching of Psychology" (NITOP, 2014), Castro was impressed with how throughout, discussions were vivid and innovative; talks were warm and interactive, handouts and other resources were diverse and abundant, with all materials very well adjusted to various aspects of the teaching process. Castro discovered that support for excellence in the teaching of psychology is stronger in the US than perhaps anywhere else in the world. This convinced Castro of the need to try to import to her country (France) some of the United State's intense interest in the teaching of psychology. In this paper, Smith and Castro, describe the implementation and current status of the translation project as well as some of the ways in which it has led to further efforts to improve the teaching of psychological science in France.
- Published
- 2016
7. [Proceedings of the] International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM) (3rd, Pittsburgh, PA, July 11-13, 2010)
- Author
-
International Working Group on Educational Data Mining, Baker, Ryan S. J. d., Merceron, Agathe, and Pavlik, Philip I.
- Abstract
The Third International Conference on Data Mining (EDM 2010) was held in Pittsburgh, PA, USA. It follows the second conference at the University of Cordoba, Spain, on July 1-3, 2009 and the first edition of the conference held in Montreal in 2008, and a series of workshops within the AAAI, AIED, EC-TEL, ICALT, ITS, and UM conferences. EDM 2011 will be held in Eindhoven, Netherlands. EDM brings together researchers from computer science, education, psychology, psychometrics, and statistics to analyze large data sets to answer educational research questions. The increase in instrumented educational software and databases of student test scores, has created large repositories of data reflecting how students learn. The EDM conference focuses on computational approaches for analyzing the data to address important educational questions. The broad collection of research disciplines ensures cross fertilization of ideas, with the central questions of educational research serving as a unifying focus. This publication presents the following papers: (1) Effort-based Tutoring: An Empirical Approach to Intelligent Tutoring (Ivon Arroyo, Hasmik Mehranian and Beverly P. Woolf); (2) An Analysis of the Differences in the Frequency of Students' Disengagement in Urban, Rural, and Suburban High Schools (Ryan S.J.d. Baker and Sujith M. Gowda); (3) On the Faithfulness of Simulated Student Performance Data (Michel C. Desmarais and Ildiko Pelczer); (4) Mining Bodily Patterns of Affective Experience during Learning (Sidney D'Mello and Art Graesser); (5) Can We Get Better Assessment From A Tutoring System Compared to Traditional Paper Testing? Can We Have Our Cake (Better Assessment) and Eat It too (Student Learning During the Test)? (Mingyu Feng and Neil Heffernan); (6) Using Neural Imaging and Cognitive Modeling to Infer Mental States while Using an Intelligent Tutoring System (Jon M. Fincham, John R. Anderson, Shawn Betts and Jennifer Ferris); (7) Using multiple Dirichlet distributions to improve parameter plausibility (Yue Gong, Joseph E. Beck and Neil T. Heffernan); (8) Examining Learner Control in a Structured Inquiry Cycle Using Process Mining (Larry Howard, Julie Johnson and Carin Neitzel); (9) Analysis of Productive Learning Behaviors in a Structured Inquiry Cycle Using Hidden Markov Models (Hogyeong Jeong, Gautam Biswas, Julie Johnson and Larry Howard); (10) Data Mining for Generating Hints in a Python Tutor (Anna Katrina Dominguez, Kalina Yacef and James R. Curran); (11) Off Topic Conversation in Expert Tutoring: Waste of Time or Learning Opportunity (Blair Lehman, Whitney Cade and Andrew Olney); (12) Sentiment Analysis in Student Experiences of Learning (Sunghwan Mac Kim and Rafael A. Calvo); (13) Online Curriculum Planning Behavior of Teachers (Keith E. Maull, Manuel Gerardo Saldivar and Tamara Sumner); (14) A Data Model to Ease Analysis and Mining of Educational Data (Andre Kruger, Agathe Merceron and Benjamin Wolf); (15) Identifying Students' Inquiry Planning Using Machine Learning (Orlando Montalvo, Ryan S.J.d. Baker, Michael A. Sao Pedro, Adam Nakama and Janice D. Gobert); (16) Skill Set Profile Clustering: The Empty K-Means Algorithm with Automatic Specification of Starting Cluster Centers (Rebecca Nugent, Nema Dean and Elizabeth Ayers); (17) Navigating the parameter space of Bayesian Knowledge Tracing models: Visualizations of the convergence of the Expectation Maximization algorithm (Zachary Pardos and Neil Heffernan); (18) Mining Rare Association Rules from e-Learning Data (Cristobal Romero, Jose Raul Romero, Jose Maria Luna and Sebastian Ventura); (19) Using Text Replay Tagging to Produce Detectors of Systematic Experimentation Behavior Patterns (Michael Sao Pedro, Ryan S.J.d. Baker, Orlando Montalvo, Adam Nakama and Janice D. Gobert); (20) Identifying High-Level Student Behavior Using Sequence-based Motif Discovery (David H. Shanabrook, David G. Cooper, Beverly Park Woolf and Ivon Arroyo); (21) Unsupervised Discovery of Student Strategies (Benjamin Shih, Kenneth R. Koedinger and Richard Scheines); (22) Assessing Reviewer's Performance Based on Mining Problem Localization in Peer-Review Data (Wenting Xiong, Diane Litman and Christian Schunn); (23) Using Numeric Optimization To Refine Semantic User Model Integration Of Adaptive Educational Systems (Michael Yudelson, Peter Brusilovsky, Antonija Mitrovic and Moffat Mathews); (24) An Annotations Approach to Peer Tutoring (John Champaign and Robin Cohen); (25) Using Educational Data Mining Methods to Study the Impact of Virtual Classroom in E-Learning (Mohammad Hassan Falakmasir and Jafar Habibi); (26) Mining Students' Interaction Data from a System that Support Learning by Reflection (Rajibussalim); (27) Process Mining to Support Students' Collaborative Writing (Vilaythong Southavilay, Kalina Yacef and Rafael A. Callvo); (28) Automatic Rating of User-Generated Math Solutions (Turadg Aleahmad, Vincent Aleven and Robert Kraut); (29) Tracking Students' Inquiry Paths through Student Transition Analysis (Matt Bachmann, Janice Gobert and Joseph Beck); (30) DISCUSS: Enabling Detailed Characterization of Tutorial Interactions Through Dialogue Annotation (Lee Becker, Wayne H. Ward and Sarel vanVuuren); (31) Data Mining of both Right and Wrong Answers from a Mathematics and a Science M/C Test given Collectively to 11,228 Students from India [1] in years 4, 6 and 8 (James Bernauer and Jay Powell); (32) Mining information from tutor data to improve pedagogical content knowledge (Suchismita Srinivas, Muntaquim Bagadia and Anupriya Gupta); (33) Clustering Student Learning Activity Data (Haiyun Bian); (34) Analyzing Learning Styles using Behavioral Indicators in Web based Learning Environments (Nabila Bousbia, Jean-Marc Labat, Amar Balla and Issam Rebai); (35) Using Topic Models to Bridge Coding Schemes of Differing Granularity (Whitney L. Cade and Andrew Olney); (36) A Distillation Approach to Refining Learning Objects (John Champaign and Robin Cohen); (37) A Preliminary Investigation of Hierarchical Hidden Markov Models for Tutorial Planning (Kristy Elizabeth Boyer, Robert Phillips, Eun Young Ha, Michael D. Wallis, Mladen A. Vouk, and James C. Lester); (38) Higher Contributions Correlate with Higher Learning Gains (Carol Forsyth, Heather Butler, Arthur C. Graesser, Diane Halpern); (39) Pinpointing Learning Moments; A finer grain P(J) model (Adam Goldstein, Ryan S.J.d. Baker and Neil T. Heffernan); (40) Predicting Task Completion from Rich but Scarce Data (Jose P. Gonzalez-Brenes and Jack Mostow); (41) Hierarchical Structures of Content Items in LMS (Sharon Hardof-Jaffe, Arnon Hershkovitz, Ronit Azran and Rafi Nachmias); (42) Is Students' Activity in LMS Persistent? (Arnon Hershkovitz and Rafi Nachmias); (43) EDM Visualization Tool: Watching Students Learn (Matthew M. Johnson and Tiffany Barnes); (44) Inferring the Differential Student Model in a Probabilistic Domain Using Abduction inference in Bayesian networks (Nabila Khodeir, Nayer Wanas, Nevin Darwish and Nadia Hegazy); (45) Using LiMS (the Learner Interaction Monitoring System) to Track Online Learner Engagement and Evaluate Course Design (Leah P. Macfadyen and Peter Sorenson); (46) Observing Online Curriculum Planning Behavior of Teachers (Keith E. Maull, Manuel Gerardo Saldivar and Tamara Sumner); (47) When Data Exploration and Data Mining meet while Analysing Usage Data of a Course (Andre Kruger, Agathe Merceron and Benjamin Wolf); (48) AutoJoin: Generalizing an Example into an EDM query (Jack Mostow and Bao Hong (Lucas) Tan); (49) Conceptualizing Procedural Knowledge Targeted at Students with Different Skill Levels (Martin Mozina, Matej Guid, Aleksander Sadikov, Vida Groznik, Jana Krivec, and Ivan Bratko); (50) Data Reduction Methods Applied to Understanding Complex Learning Hypotheses (Philip I. Pavlik Jr.); (51) Analysis of a causal modeling approach: a case study with an educational intervention (Dovan Rai and Joseph E. Beck); (52) Peer Production of Online Learning Resources: A Social Network Analysis (Beijie Xu and Mimi M. Recker); (53) Class Association Rules Mining from Students' Test Data (Cristobal Romero, Sebastian Ventura, Ekaterina Vasilyeva and Mykola Pechenizkiy); (54) Modeling Learning Trajectories with Epistemic Network Analysis: A Simulation-based Investigation of a Novel Analytic Method for Epistemic Games (Andre A. Rupp, Shauna J. Sweet and Younyoung Choi); (55) Multiple Test Forms Construction based on Bees Algorithm (Pokpong Songmuang and Maomi Ueno); (56) Can Order of Access to Learning Resources Predict Success? (Hema Soundranayagam and Kalina Yacef); (57) A Data Driven Approach to the Discovery of Better Cognitive Models (Kenneth R. Koedinger and John C. Stamper); (58) Using a Bayesian Knowledge Base for Hint Selection on Domain Specific Problems (John C. Stamper, Tiffany Barnes and Marvin Croy); (59) A Review of Student Churn in the Light of Theories on Business Relationships (Jaan Ubi and Innar Liiv); (60) Towards EDM Framework for Personalization of Information Services in RPM Systems (Ekaterina Vasilyeva, Mykola Pechenizkiy, Aleksandra Tesanovic, Evgeny Knutov, Sicco Verwer and Paul De Bra); (61) A Case Study: Data Mining Applied to Student Enrollment (Cesar Vialardi, Jorge Chue, Alfredo Barrientos, Daniel Victoria, Jhonny Estrella, Juan Pablo Peche and Alvaro Ortigosa); (62) Representing Student Performance with Partial Credit (Yutao Wang, Neil T. Heffernan and Joseph E. Beck); (63) Where in the World? Demographic Patterns in Access Data (Mimi M. Recker, Beijie Xu, Sherry Hsi, and Christine Garrard); and (64) Pundit: Intelligent Recommender of Courses (Ankit Ranka, Faisal Anwar, Hui Soo Chae). Individual papers contain tables, figures, footnotes and references
- Published
- 2010
8. The Healthy Human: American and Japanese Conceptualizations of Mental Health.
- Author
-
Kobayashi, Futoshi
- Abstract
This article discusses three issues concerning the field of psychology: modern psychology and its definition of mental health; Japanese ideology and its definition of mental health; and applicability of Western methods of psychotherapy to other cultures. There are at least two different definitions of good mental health and most psychotherapies in use today have developed in response to a need to promote healthy adjustment. There are at least two main problems with the definition of good mental health in modern psychology. First, the definition diminishes the value of human relationships, and second, it is not healthy for everyone in the world to follow a pre-determined ideology housed within a specific culture. The Japanese definition of mental health also has its unique problems, and some traditions within the Japanese culture have a tremendous impact on an individual's mental health. In summary, every definition of mental health has its own particular strengths and weaknesses, just as each society has its own strengths and weaknesses. If psychology is going to move towards a more international approach, the most important thing may be to acknowledge the validity of each definition and each value system. (Contains 21 references.) (JDM)
- Published
- 1999
9. Navigating grey areas in HIV and mental health implementation science.
- Author
-
Harkness, Audrey, Giusto, Ali, Hamilton, Alison B., Hernandez‐Ramirez, Raul U., Spiegelman, Donna, Weiner, Bryan J., Beidas, Rinad S., Larson, Michaela E., Lippman, Sheri A., Wainberg, Milton L., and Smith, Justin D.
- Subjects
MALIGNANT hyperthermia ,HIV ,HIV infection transmission ,MENTAL health ,PSYCHOLOGY ,AIDS - Abstract
Introduction: Implementation science (IS) offers methods to systematically achieve the Ending the HIV Epidemic goals in the United States, as well as the global UNAIDS targets. Federal funders such as the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) have invested in implementation research to achieve these goals, including supporting the AIDS Research Centres (ARCs), which focus on high‐impact science in HIV and mental health (MH). To facilitate capacity building for the HIV/MH research workforce in IS, "grey areas," or areas of IS that are confusing, particularly for new investigators, should be addressed in the context of HIV/MH research. Discussion: A group of IS experts affiliated with NIMH‐funded ARCs convened to identify common and challenging grey areas. The group generated a preliminary list of 19 grey areas in HIV/MH‐related IS. From the list, the authors developed a survey which was distributed to all ARCs to prioritize grey areas to address in this paper. ARC members across the United States (N = 60) identified priority grey areas requiring clarification. This commentary discusses topics with 40% or more endorsement. The top grey areas that ARC members identified were: (1) Differentiating implementation strategies from interventions; (2) Determining when an intervention has sufficient evidence for adaptation; (3) Integrating recipient perspectives into HIV/MH implementation research; (4) Evaluating whether an implementation strategy is evidence‐based; (5) Identifying rigorous approaches for evaluating the impact of implementation strategies in the absence of a control group or randomization; and (6) Addressing innovation in HIV/MH IS grants. The commentary addresses each grey area by drawing from the existing literature (when available), providing expert guidance on addressing each in the context of HIV/MH research, and providing domestic and global HIV and HIV/MH case examples that address these grey areas. Conclusions: HIV/MH IS is key to achieving domestic and international goals for ending HIV transmission and mitigating its impact. Guidance offered in this paper can help to overcome challenges to rigorous and high‐impact HIV/MH implementation research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Giving Psychology Away: How George Miller's Vision Is Being Realised by Psychological Literacy
- Author
-
Banyard, Philip and Hulme, Julie A.
- Abstract
In George Miller's famous address to the American Psychological Association in 1969 he explored the aims and future direction of psychology. Psychology could develop as a professional elite that develops specialised knowledge that experts can hold on to or it could aim to "give psychology away" and to allow the general public access to psychological knowledge that will be of benefit to them. In so doing it will create "a new and different public conception of what is humanly possible and humanly desirable." This vision is being realised 50 years on by the wide dissemination of psychology knowledge through, for example, university school courses in the subject, and the growth of psychological literacy in the general public. This paper discusses issues raised by this and the implications for the profession of psychology and the perception of psychology in the general public are discussed.
- Published
- 2015
11. Students' Engagement with Learning Technologies
- Author
-
Larkin, Derek and Huett, Kim C.
- Abstract
This paper seeks to add to the discussion surrounding young adults' relationship and engagement with learning technologies, exploring whether they naturally engage with these technologies when the use of them is either compulsory or optional. We discuss our findings in relation to whether young people are truly engaging with technologies or whether they are simply passive consumers of some technology, and unenthusiastic innovators in others. Participants in the UK (N = 6, Mean Age 20.66, undergraduate psychology students) provided their responses to a short series of face-to-face interviews using open-ended questions designed to elicit a critical exploration of their learning experience with particular emphasis on learning technologies. Participants in the US (N = 26, Mean Age = 22.38, pre-service teachers) responded to a series of short open-ended questions submitted online using asynchronous video journals uploaded to a private classroom space on YouTube. We found that young people are generally unenthusiastic users of learning technologies, which has significant implications for the educational sector in the UK and the US, as many of our participants are pre-service teachers. At a time when great emphasis is being placed on increasing student access to technologies in the classroom to enrich the learning experience, and to offer greater opportunity for understanding and discovery of information, trainee educators seem reluctant to engage with many types of educational technologies.
- Published
- 2013
12. Using Empowerment Theory to Improve Understanding of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Haitian American Women.
- Author
-
Bivins, Balkys, Owusu, Brenda, Hershorin, Indra R., Umadhay, Tony, Joseph, Janet, and Singh, Arvinder
- Subjects
EVALUATION of medical care ,MEDICAL mistrust ,PSYCHOLOGY ,TYPE 2 diabetes ,SELF-efficacy ,PHENOMENOLOGY ,QUALITATIVE research ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,THEORY ,HEALTH attitudes ,THEMATIC analysis ,PATIENT compliance ,DATA analysis software ,HAITIAN Americans ,AFRICAN Americans ,DISEASE management ,WOMEN'S health ,CONTROL (Psychology) ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress - Abstract
Introduction: The CDC (2020) revealed that the age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the United States among the Black, non-Hispanic population is 16.8%. A study conducted by Bivins et al. (2021) revealed a 39% prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among Haitian Americans (HAs) living in several states. In the literature, HAs are often grouped with Black Americans, yet Haitian American women (HAW) have unique struggles with treatment and management of T2DM. No prior study used the empowerment theory to improve the management of T2DM in HAW. Purpose: To improve the understanding of T2DM in HAW using empowerment theory. This article is the second installment of a two-part series discussing findings from a 2017 hermeneutic phenomenological study conducted with 25 HAW living with T2DM in South Florida. Methods: This phenomenological study used Van Manen's six research techniques to guide this qualitative inquiry involving 25 HAW. Results: Several themes emerged from the data analysis. This paper discusses two themes that can be addressed through empowerment theory to improve health outcomes: (a) challenges to adhering to treatment regimen, with the subthemes of health beliefs, mistrust, and perceived powerlessness, and (b) recognizing the enemy--stress. Discussion: This paper will demonstrate how nurses are well positioned to educate HAW with T2DM to manage their condition better and increase adherence to treatment by using the empowerment theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. News editorial.
- Subjects
PSYCHOLOGY ,SYSTEM analysis ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,SYSTEMS theory ,CD-ROMs ,AWARDS - Abstract
Presents news briefs related to systems research and behavioral science in the U.S. as of May 1, 2004. Preview of the 48th Annual Meeting of the International Society for the Systems Sciences (ISSS), to be held at the Asilomar Conference Center in California from July 4 to 9, 2004; Publication of the ISSS 48th Annual Meeting on a CD-ROM format; Information on the Vickers Award for best student paper on systems research and behavioral science.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. A Call to the Profession: Cross-Cultural Competence and Learning from a Sister Profession.
- Author
-
Dieser, Rodney B.
- Subjects
PROFESSIONAL practice ,COUNSELING ,CODES of ethics ,TRANSCULTURAL medical care ,RECREATIONAL therapy ,CLINICAL psychology ,CULTURAL pluralism ,EVIDENCE-based medicine ,CULTURAL competence ,ETHNIC groups - Abstract
Cross-cultural competence has increased in applied professions, including occupational therapy, physical therapy, psychiatry, mental health counseling, and social work. Despite three decades of research and scholarship advocating the need for cross-cultural competence in TR/RT, it remains lacking. This paper is a call for the profession to do better. Based on (1) learning how the American Counseling Association and the National Board of Certified Counselors have positioned cross-cultural awareness, knowledge, and skills as core competence in national and international practice, (2) examining cross-cultural research and scholarship in TR/ RT, and (3) drawing from ATRA's Higher Education Task Force, this paper suggests specific recommendations to develop cross-cultural competence in TR/RT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Rationale, design, and protocol for a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation trial of a proactive smoking cessation electronic visit for scalable delivery via primary care: the E-STOP trial.
- Author
-
Fahey, Margaret C., Wahlquist, Amy E., Diaz, Vanessa A., Player, Marty S., Natale, Noelle, Sterba, Katherine R., Chen, Brian K., Hermes, Eric D. A., Carpenter, Mathew J., and Dahne, Jennifer
- Subjects
EVALUATION of human services programs ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,BIOCHEMISTRY ,SMOKING cessation ,CLINICAL trials ,COUNSELING ,CARBON monoxide ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,PHENOMENOLOGICAL biology ,PSYCHOLOGY ,DISEASES ,MEDICAL protocols ,PRIMARY health care ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,HARM reduction ,CONCEPTUAL models ,SMOKING ,ELECTRONIC health records ,MEDICAL appointments ,VARENICLINE ,ALGORITHMS ,TOBACCO - Abstract
Background: Cigarette smoking remains the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States. Primary care offers an ideal setting to reach adults who smoke cigarettes and improve uptake of evidence-based cessation treatment. Although U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Guidelines recommend the 5As model (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) in primary care, there are many barriers to its implementation. Automated, comprehensive, and proactive tools are needed to overcome barriers. Our team developed and preliminarily evaluated a proactive electronic visit (e-visit) delivered via the Electronic Health Record patient portal to facilitate evidence-based smoking cessation treatment uptake in primary care, with promising initial feasibility and efficacy. This paper describes the rationale, design, and protocol for an ongoing Hybrid Type I effectiveness-implementation trial that will simultaneously assess effectiveness of the e-visit intervention for smoking cessation as well as implementation potential across diverse primary care settings. Methods: The primary aim of this remote five-year study is to examine the effectiveness of the e-visit intervention vs. treatment as usual (TAU) for smoking cessation via a clinic-randomized clinical trial. Adults who smoke cigarettes are recruited across 18 primary care clinics. Clinics are stratified based on their number of primary care providers and randomized 2:1 to either e-visit or TAU. An initial baseline e-visit gathers information about patient smoking history and motivation to quit, and a clinical decision support algorithm determines the best evidence-based cessation treatment to prescribe. E-visit recommendations are evaluated by a patient's own provider, and a one-month follow-up e-visit assesses cessation progress. Main outcomes include: (1) cessation treatment utilization (medication, psychosocial cessation counseling), (2) reduction in cigarettes per day, and (3) biochemically verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence (PPA) at six-months. We hypothesize that patients randomized to the e-visit condition will have better cessation outcomes (vs. TAU). A secondary aim evaluates e-visit implementation potential at patient, provider, and organizational levels using a mixed-methods approach. Implementation outcomes include acceptability, adoption, fidelity, implementation cost, penetration, and sustainability. Discussion: This asynchronous, proactive e-visit intervention could provide substantial benefits for patients, providers, and primary care practices and has potential to widely improve reach of evidence-based cessation treatment. Trial registration: NCT05493254. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Dynamic resource‐acquisition strategies: Analysis of survivor betweenness centrality relationships after downsizing.
- Author
-
Moore, Ozias A., Susskind, Alex M., and Margolin, Drew
- Subjects
EMPLOYEE psychology ,WORK environment ,EMPLOYEE attitudes ,SOCIAL networks ,SOCIAL capital ,DOWNSIZING of organizations ,PSYCHOLOGY ,T-test (Statistics) ,COMMUNICATION ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,INDUSTRIAL psychology ,THEORY ,QUESTIONNAIRES ,EMPLOYMENT ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
This paper investigates dynamic changes in instrumental (i.e., work‐related) tie‐seeking patterns and the structure of a communication network following a downsizing event—whereby many employees are simultaneously eliminated from a network. Our analysis spans a two‐year period and applies a resource‐ and network‐change approach to examine how survivors develop revised resource‐acquisition strategies while repositioning themselves after a downsizing. Our results demonstrate that two temporary logics of tie formation—a suspension of within‐unit homophily and a preference for seeking ties with long‐tenured employees—help employees acquire betweenness centrality during the disruption period. Specifically, we find that disruption initiates a transitional period after downsizing in which new tie‐making logics are employed, including seeking out ties with long‐tenured employees and employees outside of one's department. We observed post‐disruption, during the stabilization period after downsizing, where logics used for tie‐making in the disruption period were abandoned, pre‐disruption tie‐making logics were resumed, and betweenness centrality remained relatively constant. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of these results and suggest future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Heterogeneous Beliefs and Momentum Profits.
- Author
-
Verardo, Michela
- Subjects
RATE of return on stocks ,INVESTORS ,BELIEF & doubt ,HETEROGENEITY ,STOCKS (Finance) ,INFORMATION sharing ,EARNINGS forecasting ,ECONOMICS ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Recent theoretical models derive return continuation in a setting where investors have heterogeneous beliefs or receive heterogeneous information. This paper tests the link between heterogeneity of beliefs and return continuation in the cross-section of U.S. stock returns. Heterogeneity of beliefs about a firm's fundamentals is measured by the dispersion in analyst forecasts of earnings. The results show that momentum profits are significantly larger for portfolios characterized by higher heterogeneity of beliefs. Predictive cross-sectional regressions show that heterogeneity of beliefs has a positive effect on return continuation after controlling for a stock's visibility, the speed of information diffusion, uncertainty about fundamentals, information precision, and volatility. The results in this paper are robust to the potential presence of short-sale constraints and are not explained by arbitrage risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. The Psychology of Newspapers: Five Tentative Laws.
- Author
-
Allport, Gordon W. and Faden, Janet M.
- Subjects
NEWSPAPERS ,JOURNALISM ,INTERNATIONAL law ,MASS media ,JOURNALISTS ,NEUTRALITY ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
The article presents information on the psychology of newspapers along with an exhaustive study of the treatment, which Boston newspapers accorded to revision of the Neutrality Act that gripped the attention of the U.S. in the fall of 1939. This investigation is based upon a complete sample of weekday and Sunday editions of English-language newspapers published in Boston, Massachusetts. The extent to which this simplification of the story took place in the Boston papers was estimated as carefully as possible. The evidence indicates that editors and newswriters attempt to give as comprehensive and adequate a representation of events as they dare; while the readers insist upon selecting, sharpening, and pointing the issue still further to suit their desire for simplification and definiteness. Newspapers must dramatize and select in order to produce in their readers the emotional integration required for a good fight. A newspaper's pattern of influence is built around its editorial policy. Most papers do to a certain extent select news items favoring the editorial policy of the paper, and reject those that are opposed. In summary, the evidence reported in this study is interpreted as supporting five generalizations which are offered here as tentative laws in the new field of the psychology of newspapers: (1) issues are skeletonized; (2) any given newspaper's field of influence is well-patterned; (3) readers are more emotional than editors; (4)public interest as reflected in newspapers is variable in time; (5) public interest rapidly fatigues and presses for an early closure.
- Published
- 1940
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Stability and Longevity in the Publication Careers of U.S. Doctorate Recipients.
- Author
-
Waaijer, Cathelijn J. F., Macaluso, Benoît, Sugimoto, Cassidy R., and Larivière, Vincent
- Subjects
VOCATIONAL guidance ,DOCTORAL degree ,ASTROPHYSICS ,PUBLICATIONS ,WEB databases - Abstract
Since the 1950s, the number of doctorate recipients has risen dramatically in the United States. In this paper, we investigate whether the longevity of doctorate recipients’ publication careers has changed. This is achieved by matching 1951–2010 doctorate recipients with rare names in astrophysics, chemistry, economics, genetics and psychology in the dissertation database ProQuest to their publications in the publication database Web of Science. Our study shows that pre-PhD publication careers have changed: the median year of first publication has shifted from after the PhD to several years before PhD in most of the studied fields. In contrast, post-PhD publication career spans have not changed much in most fields. The share of doctorate recipients who have published for more than twenty years has remained stable over time; the shares of doctorate recipients publishing for shorter periods also remained almost unchanged. Thus, though there have been changes in pre-PhD publication careers, post-PhD career spans remained quite stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. AUTHORITARIANISM AND AFFECTIVE POLARIZATION: A NEW VIEW ON THE ORIGINS OF PARTISAN EXTREMISM.
- Author
-
LUTTIG, MATTHEW D.
- Subjects
AUTHORITARIANISM ,POLARIZATION (Social sciences) ,RADICALISM ,PARTISANSHIP ,DEMOCRATS (United States) ,REPUBLICANS ,IDEOLOGICAL conflict ,WORLDVIEW ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
What drives affective polarization in American politics? One common argument is that Democrats and Republicans are deeply polarized today because they are psychologically different--motivated by diametrically opposed and clashing worldviews. This paper argues that the same psychological motivation--authoritarianism--is positively related to partisan extremism among both Republicans and Democrats. Across four studies, this paper shows that authoritarianism is associated with strong partisanship and heightened affective polarization among both Republicans and Democrats. Thus, strong Republicans and Democrats are psychologically similar, at least with respect to authoritarianism. As authoritarianism provides an indicator of underlying needs to belong, these findings support a view of mass polarization as nonsubstantive and group-centric, not driven by competing ideological values or clashing psychological worldviews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. DARK PERSONALITY TRAITS AND THE USE OF SOURCES OF GUIDANCE AT WORK: A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND BRAZIL.
- Author
-
Mendes Athayde, André Luiz, Torres, Claudio Vaz, and Thomason, Stephanie J.
- Subjects
PERSONALITY ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,EMPLOYEE attitudes ,UNIVERSITY & college employees ,MULTICULTURAL education ,HUMAN resources departments - Abstract
Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Management / Revista de Administração da UFSM is the property of Brazilian Journal of Management / Revista de Administracao da UFSM and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Mindfulness-based stress reduction in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.
- Author
-
McLean, G., Lawrence, M., Simpson, R., and Mercer, S. W.
- Subjects
PREVENTION of psychological stress ,ALZHEIMER'S disease ,MINDFULNESS ,META-analysis ,QUALITY of life ,MENTAL depression ,PARKINSON'S disease treatment ,PARKINSON'S disease ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Background: Mindfulness based stress reduction (MBSR) is increasingly being used to improve outcomes such as stress and depression in a range of long-term conditions (LTCs). While systematic reviews on MBSR have taken place for a number of conditions there remains limited information on its impact on individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods: Medline, Central, Embase, Amed, CINAHAL were searched in March 2016. These databases were searched using a combination of MeSH subject headings where available and keywords in the title and abstracts. We also searched the reference lists of related reviews. Study quality was assessed based on questions from the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool.Results: Two interventions and three papers with a total of 66 participants were included. The interventions were undertaken in Belgium (n = 27) and the USA (n = 39). One study reported significantly increased grey matter density (GMD) in the brains of the MBSR group compared to the usual care group. Significant improvements were reported in one study for a number of outcomes including PD outcomes, depression, mindfulness, and quality of life indicators. Only one intervention was of reasonable quality and both interventions failed to control for potential confounders in the analysis. Adverse events and reasons for drop-outs were not reported. There was also no reporting on the costs/benefits of the intervention or how they affected health service utilisation.Conclusion: This systematic review found limited and inconclusive evidence of the effectiveness of MBSR for PD patients. Both of the included interventions claimed positive effects for PD patients but significant outcomes were often contradicted by other results. Further trials with larger sample sizes, control groups and longer follow-ups are needed before the evidence for MBSR in PD can be conclusively judged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Subjective Impressions Do Not Mirror Online Reading Effort: Concurrent EEG-Eyetracking Evidence from the Reading of Books and Digital Media.
- Author
-
Kretzschmar, Franziska, Pleimling, Dominique, Hosemann, Jana, Füssel, Stephan, Bornkessel-Schlesewsky, Ina, and Schlesewsky, Matthias
- Subjects
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY ,DIGITAL media ,ONLINE reading programs ,ELECTRONIC books ,COGNITIVE neuroscience ,COGNITIVE psychology ,SHORT-term memory - Abstract
In the rapidly changing circumstances of our increasingly digital world, reading is also becoming an increasingly digital experience: electronic books (e-books) are now outselling print books in the United States and the United Kingdom. Nevertheless, many readers still view e-books as less readable than print books. The present study thus used combined EEG and eyetracking measures in order to test whether reading from digital media requires higher cognitive effort than reading conventional books. Young and elderly adults read short texts on three different reading devices: a paper page, an e-reader and a tablet computer and answered comprehension questions about them while their eye movements and EEG were recorded. The results of a debriefing questionnaire replicated previous findings in that participants overwhelmingly chose the paper page over the two electronic devices as their preferred reading medium. Online measures, by contrast, showed shorter mean fixation durations and lower EEG theta band voltage density – known to covary with memory encoding and retrieval – for the older adults when reading from a tablet computer in comparison to the other two devices. Young adults showed comparable fixation durations and theta activity for all three devices. Comprehension accuracy did not differ across the three media for either group. We argue that these results can be explained in terms of the better text discriminability (higher contrast) produced by the backlit display of the tablet computer. Contrast sensitivity decreases with age and degraded contrast conditions lead to longer reading times, thus supporting the conclusion that older readers may benefit particularly from the enhanced contrast of the tablet. Our findings thus indicate that people's subjective evaluation of digital reading media must be dissociated from the cognitive and neural effort expended in online information processing while reading from such devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The Design Help Desk: A collaborative approach to design education for scientists and engineers.
- Author
-
O’Mahony, Timothy, Petz, Jason, Cook, Jonathan, Cheng, Karen, and Rolandi, Marco
- Subjects
ENGINEERING education ,DESIGN education ,DESIGN science ,SOCIAL interaction ,SCIENTIFIC visualization - Abstract
Visual design, learning sciences, and nanotechnology may be strange bedfellows; yet, as this paper highlights, peer interaction between a designer and a scientist is an effective method for helping scientists acquire visual design skills. We describe our findings from observing twelve sessions at the Design Help Desk, a tutoring center at the University of Washington. At each session, a scientist (who is expert in his own domain but a novice in design) consulted a designer (who is expert in design but a novice in science) in order to receive advice and guidance on how to improve a scientific visualization. At the Design Help Desk, this pairing consistently produced a momentary disequilibrium in the scientist’s thought process: a disequilibrium that led to agency (where the scientist gained ownership of his/her own learning) and conceptual change in the scientist’s understanding of visual design. Scientists who visited the Design Help Desk were satisfied with their experience, and their published work demonstrated an improved ability to visually communicate research findings—a skill critical to the advancement of science. To our knowledge, the Design Help Desk is a unique effort to educate scientists in visual design; we are not aware of any other design-advice/tutoring centers at public or private universities in the United States or abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Rosser Reeves And The 1952 Eisenhower TV Spot Blitz.
- Author
-
Griese, Noel L.
- Subjects
POLITICAL advertising ,UNITED States presidential election, 1952 ,POLITICAL campaigns ,TELEVISION advertising ,MARKET saturation ,EFFECTIVE frequency of advertising ,GOVERNMENT policy ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
The 1952 presidential campaign was the first in which TV spots were used by a White House hopeful. Rosser Reeves of Ted Bates and Company prepared the TV spot blitz for Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower. The rival Democratic Volunteers for Stevenson organization tried to scuttle the proposed broadcast blitz by releasing a copy of the master plan for the TV campaign, charging that the Republican, planned to fill the airwaves with political soap suds and bubble gum and by asking the FCC to bar the campaign. The Republicans were undaunted. The spot blitz aired in the final weeks before the election. Saturation levels were attained in 11 states, and heavy to light schedules were aired in another 29 states. Scholarly studies of the effects of television on the outcome of the election by and large find that the TV spots had no effect on the landslide Eisenhower victory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1975
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. THE EFFECTS OF LARGE BANK FAILURES UPON INVESTORS' RISK COGNIZANCE IN THE COMMERCIAL BANKING INDUSTRY.
- Author
-
Pettway, Richard H.
- Subjects
BANK failures ,RISK perception ,INVESTORS ,NATIONAL banks (U.S.) ,RATE of return ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
It is the objective of this paper to catalogue the effects of the recent large bank failures of the U. S. National Bank of San Diego, the first billion dollar bank to fail, and of the Franklin National, the largest bank to ever fail, upon the returns required by investors in large bank common securities. If these bank failures affected the perceived risk of equity investment in large banks, significantly larger returns must be given to investors to obtain new equity capital for commercial banks. On the other hand, if there has been little change in risk cognizance, perhaps the regulators have overemphasized the significance of bank failures upon the risks in the banking industry and bank managers have overdramatized the difficulty in raising new bank equity capital. The methodology employed in this study is the market model first suggested by Sharpe and later refined and expanded by Sharpe, Lintner, and Fama. The market model of an asset portfolio asserts that (1) &Rtilde;[sub p,t] = a[sub p] + β[sub p]&Rtilde;[sub m,t] + ũ[sub p,t] where &Rtilde;[sub p,t] is the return on portfolio p in time t and where the tilde indicates a random variable. &Rtilde;[sub m,t] is a market factor common to all assets. a[sub p] and β[sub p] are the parameters to be measured and u[sub p,t] is the error term associated with the linear model. This paper will attempt to determine if there has been a significant structural change in investor's cognizance of risk in the large commercial banking industry after the failures of the U. S. National Bank of San Diego on October 18, 1973, and the Franklin National Bank on October 9, 1974. The specific approach will consist of tests on the stability of each of the parameters in the market model over time; namely the intercept value, â, a measure of systematic risk, &bcirc;, and the measure of the unsystematic risk, σu[sub p,t]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. A measure of knowledge flow between specific fields: Implications of interdisciplinarity for impact and funding.
- Author
-
Kwon, Seokbeom, Solomon, Gregg E. A., Youtie, Jan, and Porter, Alan L.
- Subjects
GOVERNMENT aid to research ,SCIENCE & state ,RESEARCH grants ,COGNITIVE science ,CITATION analysis - Abstract
Encouraging knowledge flow between mutually relevant disciplines is a worthy aim of research policy makers. Yet, it is less clear what types of research promote cross-disciplinary knowledge flow and whether such research generates particularly influential knowledge. Empirical questions remain as to how to identify knowledge-flow mediating research and how to provide support for this research. This study contributes to addressing these gaps by proposing a new way to identify knowledge-flow mediating research at the individual research article level, instead of at more aggregated levels. We identify journal articles that link two mutually relevant disciplines in three ways—aggregating, bridging, and diffusing. We then examine the likelihood that these papers receive subsequent citations or have funding acknowledgments. Our case study of cognitive science and educational research knowledge flow suggests that articles that aggregate knowledge from multiple disciplines are cited significantly more often than are those whose references are drawn primarily from a single discipline. Interestingly, the articles that meet the criteria for being considered knowledge-flow mediators are less likely to reflect funding, based on reported acknowledgements, than were those that did not meet these criteria. Based on these findings, we draw implications for research policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The Psychology Underlying Biased Forecasts of COVID-19 Cases and Deaths in the United States.
- Author
-
Shefrin, Hersh
- Subjects
COVID-19 ,FORECASTING ,DEATH forecasting ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
This paper discusses the impact of a series of psychological phenomena on the U.S. response to COVID-19, focusing on forecasts of cases and deaths. The specific phenomena comprise unrealistic optimism bias, overconfidence, anchoring and adjustment, representativeness, motivated reasoning, and groupthink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Transgender Reproductive Choice and Fertility Preservation.
- Author
-
Mitu, Khadija
- Subjects
HEALTH services accessibility ,HORMONE therapy ,HUMAN rights ,REPRODUCTIVE health ,TRANSGENDER people ,FERTILITY preservation ,PATIENT decision making ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Increasing numbers of young transgender people are now using medical technologies to achieve a physical gender transition. However, the procedures of physical gender transition might cause temporary or permanent sterility. Thus many transgender people are now using fertility preservation technologies. Nonetheless, they can experience dilemmas in making reproductive and family-building decisions and face challenges in gaining access to and utilizing fertility preservation services. Based on qualitative research conducted with transgender men and women who used reproductive technologies for preserving their fertility before or during their physical transition, this paper contributes to the discourse of reproductive choice by the inclusion of transgender people's experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. DISPOSITIONAL SOURCES OF ECONOMIC PROTECTIONISM.
- Author
-
JOHNSTON, CHRISTOPHER D.
- Subjects
PROTECTIONISM ,PUBLIC opinion ,ECONOMICS & psychology ,SECURITY (Psychology) ,CERTAINTY ,PERSONALITY & politics ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Despite the increasing salience of issues related to free trade, research on citizen preferences over trade is sparse, and largely limited to economic explanations related to objective exposure. The present paper extends this literature by examining the psychological sources of the protectionist impulse. More specifically, I theoretically and empirically examine how citizens' chronic needs for security and certainty, key traits identified by recent work in the political realm, influence their preferences for protectionism. Examining data from three different national surveys in the U.S. context, I find strong support for the role of these dispositions. In addition to extending our understanding of the antecedents of trade preferences, the present paper has implications for the study of personality and politics, suggesting heterogeneity in the relationship of dispositions to ideology across issue domains. I also discuss the broader implications for American politics, arguing that these findings suggest latent tensions within contemporary party coalitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Accuracy and Bias in Perceptions of Political Knowledge.
- Author
-
Ryan, John
- Subjects
POLITICAL knowledge ,POLITICAL participation ,SOCIAL networks ,PREJUDICES ,INFLUENCE ,POLITICAL communication ,POLITICAL campaigns ,POLITICS & culture ,SOCIAL learning ,EXPERTISE ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Learning through social communication is promoted when citizens are able to identify which of their associates is likely to possess the necessary political information. This paper examines the factors that influence individuals' evaluations of political expertise. Actual political expertise plays a large role in perceived expertise, but mistakes are made. These are largely the result of assuming that those engaged in politics must also be knowledgeable about politics. This paper uses the 1996 Indianapolis-St. Louis Study and the 2000 National Election Study to identify factors that bias levels of perceived political knowledge. The paper concludes by demonstrating that perceived expertise plays a larger role than actual expertise in the social influence process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Ambition and Jealousy: Income Interactions in the ‘Old’ Europe versus the ‘New’ Europe and the United States.
- Author
-
SENIK, CLAUDIA
- Subjects
WELL-being ,INCOME ,JEALOUSY ,AMBITION ,SOCIAL conditions in the United States, 1980- ,SOCIAL conditions in Europe ,ECONOMICS ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Using individual-level data from a large number of countries, this paper examines how self-reported subjective well-being depends on own income and reference income, where reference income is defined as the income of one's professional peers. It uncovers a divide between ‘old’—low-mobility—European countries on the one hand, and ‘new’ European post-Transition countries and the United States on the other. The relative importance of comparisons (‘jealousy’) versus information (‘ambition’) seems to depend on the degree of mobility and uncertainty in the considered countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. The relevance of U.S. Strategic Highway Safety Plans in a future context.
- Author
-
Hughes, Brett P., Falkmer, Torbjorn, Anund, Anna, and Black, Melissa H.
- Subjects
TRAFFIC safety ,HIGHWAY planning ,ROAD safety measures ,SYSTEMS theory ,CIVIL engineering - Abstract
While road safety in the United States (U.S.) has been continually improving since the 1970's, there are indications that these improvements are becoming increasingly difficult to sustain. Strategic Highway Safety Plans (SHSPs) are prepared by States to guide road safety management, however assessing the appropriateness of these plans remains a significant challenge, especially for the future in which they are to be applied. This study developed a new methodology to assess SHSPs from the perspectives of comprehensive system-based safety management and relevant future issues that can be applied before SHSPs are implemented, thereby avoiding long periods after implementation before assessing the appropriateness of the plans. A rating scale was developed and applied to assess 48 U.S. SHSPs against two key criteria: 1. a comprehensive framework for road safety, and 2. the anticipated changing, difficult and unpredictable nature of future transport and its context. The analysis concluded that current SHSPs have good national oversight with several strengths but were weak in some areas of content and did not address future challenges. Improvements are suggested to strengthen the plans’ thoroughness by being consistent with systems theory and practice, as well as ways that these SHSPs can be more resilient to future circumstances. Implementing the recommendations in this paper provides the opportunity to adopt a system-based safety management practice that has been successful in other hazardous industries. Doing so is expected to most efficiently and effectively continue the recent improvements to road safety, which is likely to be increasingly difficult otherwise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Multi-disciplinary interventions for chronic pain involving education: A systematic review.
- Author
-
Joypaul, Shirdhya, Kelly, Fiona, McMillan, Sara S., and King, Michelle A.
- Subjects
CHRONIC pain ,PAIN management ,SELF-efficacy ,META-analysis ,MEDICAL personnel ,DATABASE searching - Abstract
Background: There have been growing recommendations to include education in multi-disciplinary interventions targeting chronic pain management. However, effects of this strategy on short- and long-term self-management of chronic pain, remain largely unexplored. Objectives: 1. To provide an updated overview of studies that report on the impact of patient education in multi-disciplinary interventions, on self-management of chronic pain; 2. To explore associations between education and chronic pain self-management techniques; and 3. To identify the format and duration of suitable chronic pain interventions targeted at patient self-management. Methods: Design: Narrative systematic literature review of randomised or controlled study designs. Data Sources: PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO. Participants: Adult patients with chronic pain of any aetiology participating in multi-disciplinary programs that included education. Main outcome measures: Assessments of level of pain, function, quality of life, self-efficacy, self-management, and any other relevant assessments. Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods: PRISMA guidelines, Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and TIDieR model. Results: Database searching identified 485 potential papers. After removal of duplicates, and irrelevant articles by title and abstract, 120 full-text articles were reviewed and 27 studies were included in this systematic review. Studies were predominantly from the United States (n = 8; 29.6%). Over one hundred outcome measures were identified across all studies, with significant variation also observed in terms of how chronic pain duration was defined, and how education was delivered to participants. Overall, positive benefits of education were reported. Conclusions: Education, as part of multi-disciplinary programs, is likely to improve self-management and self-efficacy in people with chronic pain of any aetiology. Heterogeneity in terms of: chronic pain duration; educational resources; healthcare professionals; and outcome measures, were identified as limitations. Further research, in the form of Randomised Controlled Trials addressing these limitations, is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. HOW IMPORTANT IS U.S. LOCATION FOR RESEARCH IN SCIENCE?
- Author
-
Kahn, Shulamit and MacGarvie, Megan J.
- Subjects
INCOME inequality ,PER capita ,VISAS ,NONCITIZENS ,ECONOMIC development ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
This paper asks whether being located outside the United States lowers research productivity in a data set of foreign-born, U.S.- educated scientists. Instrumenting location with visa status that requires return to home countries, we find a large negative relationship between non-U.S. location and research output for countries with low income per capita but none for countries with high income per capita. This suggests that a scientist exogenously located in a country at the top of the income distribution can expect to be as productive in research as he or she would be in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Cohabitation and reproductive behavior in the U.S.
- Author
-
Bachrach, Christine A. and Bachrach, C A
- Subjects
UNMARRIED couples ,WOMEN'S health ,CONTRACEPTIVES ,MARRIED people ,SEXUAL intercourse ,HUMAN fertility ,AGE distribution ,COMPARATIVE studies ,CONTRACEPTION ,HUMAN reproduction ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,HUMAN sexuality ,EVALUATION research ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,LIFESTYLES ,ACQUISITION of data ,SEXUAL partners ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
This paper examines the relation between unmarried cohabitation and three important determinants of fertility-frequency of sexual intercourse, contraceptive practice, and the expectation to have a child within five years. Analyses based on data from the 1982 National Survey of Family Growth show that formerly married cohabitants are similar to married women with respect to these fertility determinants, but that never married cohabitants may have lower fertility in the short run because of extremely high levels of contraceptive practice. The paper also compares self-reported data on cohabitation with an inferred measure based on household composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Guest Editorial.
- Author
-
Hill, John P.
- Subjects
DEVELOPMENTAL psychology ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Editorial. Provides information on developmental psychology in the U.S. Status of research related to developmental psychology; Examples of journals that are devoted to studies of adolescents; Factors that indicate the improvement of child development in disciplines other than psychology.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Solid waste recovery: A review of behavioral programs to increase recycling.
- Author
-
Porter, Bryan E. and Leeming, Frank C.
- Subjects
WASTE recycling ,ENVIRONMENTAL engineering ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Studies the use of recycling with behavior change programs in solid waste recovery in the United States. Encouragement of proenvironmental behavior; Review of behavioral interventions to promote recycling; Manipulation of antecedent conditions; Prompting strategies; Commitment; Environmental alteration; Manipulations of consequence conditions.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Analysis of survival for lung cancer resections cases with fuzzy and soft set theory in surgical decision making.
- Author
-
Alcantud, José Carlos R., Varela, Gonzalo, Santos-Buitrago, Beatriz, Santos-García, Gustavo, and Jiménez, Marcelo F.
- Subjects
SOFT sets ,LUNG cancer ,NON-small-cell lung carcinoma ,DECISION theory ,DECISION making ,SURVIVAL analysis (Biometry) - Abstract
Objective: Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer around the world, and it represents the main cause of death in the USA. Surgical treatment is the optimal therapeutic strategy for resectable non-small cell lung cancer. The principal factor for long-term survival after complete resection is the anatomic extension of the neoplasm. However, other factors also have adverse effects on operative mortality, and influence long-term outcome. In this paper we propose an algorithmic solution for the estimation of 5-years survival rate in lung cancer patients undertaking pulmonary resection. Materials and methods: We address the issue of survival analysis through decision-making techniques based on fuzzy and soft set theories. We develop an expert system based on clinical and functional data of lung cancer resections in patients with cancer that can be used to predict the survival of patients. Results: The evaluation of surgical risk in patients undertaking pulmonary resection is a primary target for thoracic surgeons. Lung cancer survival is influenced by many factors. The computational performance of our algorithm is critically analyzed by an experimental study. The correct survival classification is achieved with an accuracy of 79.0%. Our novel soft-set based criterion is an effective and precise diagnosis application for the determination of the survival rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Migration-related detention centers: the challenges of an ecological perspective with a focus on justice.
- Author
-
Esposito, Francesca, Ornelas, José, and Arcidiacono, Caterina
- Subjects
IMMIGRANTS ,ADAPTABILITY (Personality) ,ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc. ,COMMUNITIES ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,CORRECTIONAL institutions ,ECOLOGY ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,MENTAL health ,PSYCHOLOGY ,SOCIAL justice ,SOCIAL context - Abstract
Background: In recent years, border control and migration-related detention have become increasingly widespread practices affecting the lives of undocumented migrants, their families, and communities at large. In spite of the concern within academia, few studies have directly witnessed the life and experiences of people confined to migration-related detention centers. In the medical and psychological fields, a considerable body of research has demonstrated the pathogenic nature of detention in terms of mental health, showing an association between length of detention and severity of distress. Nevertheless, it was limited to the assessment of individuals' clinical consequences, mainly focusing on asylum seekers. There currently exists a need to adopt an ecological perspective from which to study detained migrants' experiences as context-dependent, and influenced by power inequalities. This paper addresses this gap. Discussion: Drawing upon advances in community psychology, we illustrate an ecological framework for the study of migration-related detention contexts, and their effects on the lives of detained migrants and all people exposed to them. Making use of existing literature, Kelly's four principles (interdependence, cycling of resources, adaptation, succession) are analyzed at multiple ecological levels (personal, interpersonal, organizational, communal), highlighting implications for future research in this field. A focus on justice, as a key-dimension of analysis, is also discussed. Wellbeing is acknowledged as a multilevel, dynamic, and value-dependent phenomenon. Summary: In presenting this alternative framework, the potential for studying migration-related detention through an ecological lens is highlighted, pointing the way for future fields of study. We argue that ecological multilevel analyses, conceptualized in terms of interdependent systems and with a focus on justice, can enhance the comprehension of the dynamics at play in migration-related detention centers, providing an effective tool to address the multi-level challenges of doing research within them. Furthermore, they can contribute to the development of policies and practices concerned with health, equality, and human rights of all people exposed to migration-related detention. Consistent with these assumptions, empirical studies adopting such a framework are strongly encouraged. These studies should use mixed and multi-method culturally situated designs, based on the development of collaborative and empowering relationships with participants. Ethnographic approaches are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Introducing Mother Baby Connections: a model of intensive perinatal mental health outpatient programming.
- Author
-
Geller, Pamela A., Posmontier, Bobbie, Horowitz, June Andrews, Bonacquisti, Alexa, and Chiarello, Lisa A.
- Subjects
ATTACHMENT behavior ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,MENTAL depression ,EMOTIONS ,HEALTH care teams ,OUTPATIENT services in hospitals ,INTENSIVE care units ,MATHEMATICAL models ,EVALUATION of medical care ,MENTAL health ,MOTHER-infant relationship ,PREGNANCY ,PSYCHOLOGY ,PUBLIC health ,RESEARCH evaluation ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,PSYCHOLOGY of women ,WOUNDS & injuries ,RULES ,EFFECT sizes (Statistics) ,DISCHARGE planning ,ATTITUDES of mothers ,SEVERITY of illness index - Abstract
Perinatal mental health problems, experienced by 15-20% of women, are a significant public health issue associated with adverse effects among childbearing women; yet only 20-25% receive adequate treatment. There has been a recent proliferation of intensive perinatal day treatment programs in the United States. To meet this need in the greater Philadelphia area, we introduce Mother Baby Connections (MBC), an innovative interdisciplinary, attachment-focused, intensive, outpatient perinatal mental health program recently launched at Drexel University. The purpose of this paper is to (1) present an overview of MBC, its theoretical framework for services, and its evidence-based components, highlighting the unique factors that differentiate this program from traditional outpatient treatment, and (2) present clinical outcome data utilizing scores from reliable and valid scales, including enrollment to discharge outcomes from 20 months of MBC operation. In sum, outcomes for 20 predominantly minority women with complete measures showed significant improvements in maternal depression symptom severity, maternal functioning, birth trauma symptoms, perceived stress, parenting stress, and emotional regulation. Effect sizes were medium to large (i.e., 0.42-2.00). We conclude that MBC is a viable model for tailored intensive outpatient treatment to foster maternal mental health and functioning during the perinatal period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. A Preliminary Theory of Interorganizational Network Effectiveness: A Comparative Study of Four Community Mental Health Systems.
- Author
-
Provan, Keith G. and Milward, H. Brinton
- Subjects
MENTAL health services ,INTERORGANIZATIONAL relations ,INTERORGANIZATIONAL networks ,ORGANIZATIONAL effectiveness ,MENTAL health ,PSYCHOLOGY ,PSYCHIATRY ,PERFORMANCE standards ,COMPARATIVE studies ,PUBLIC health ,ORGANIZATIONAL sociology - Abstract
This paper presents the results of a comparative study of interorganizational networks, or systems, of mental health delivery in four U.S. cities, leading to a preliminary theory of network effectiveness. Extensive data were collected from surveys, interviews, documents, and observations. Network effectiveness was assessed by collecting and aggregating data on outcomes from samples of clients, their families, and their case managers at each site. Results of analyses of both quantitative and qualitative data collected at the individual, organizational, and network levels of analysis showed that network effectiveness could be explained by various structural and contextual factors, specifically, network integration, external control, system stability, and environmental resource munificence. Based on the findings, we develop testable propositions to guide theory development and future research on network effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Self or Group? Cultural Effects of Training on Self-efficacy and Performance.
- Author
-
Earley, P. Christopher
- Subjects
TRAINING ,SELF-efficacy ,INDIVIDUALISM ,PERFORMANCE ,CROSS-cultural studies ,COLLECTIVISM (Social psychology) ,TRAINING of executives ,ORGANIZATIONAL sociology ,METHODOLOGY ,TASK performance ,EMPLOYEE training ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
This paper examines the theoretical and empirical relationship of training and individualism-collectivism to self-efficacy (a person's estimate of his or her ability to perform a task) and performance in studies of managers from Hong Kong, the People's Republic of China, and the United States. A laboratory experiment and a six-month field experiment were used to test hypotheses predicting that for individualists, self-focused training would have a stronger impact on self-efficacy and performance than would group-focused training and, for collectivists, group-focused training would have a stronger impact on self-efficacy and performance than would individual-focused training. The results show consistent support for the hypotheses at both a cultural and an individual level of analysis. A general model of self-efficacy and culture in an organizational environment is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Intense Loyalty in Organizations: A Case Study of College Athletics.
- Author
-
Adler, Patricia A. and Adler, Peter
- Subjects
LOYALTY ,ORGANIZATIONAL commitment ,COLLEGE basketball ,COLLEGE athletes ,ORGANIZATIONAL behavior ,LEADERSHIP ,SOCIAL acceptance ,GROUP identity ,SUBORDINATION (Psychology) ,SOCIAL groups ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
In this paper we examine a type of organizational loyalty, intense loyalty, that is more profound than the type of organizational loyalty traditionally portrayed as a rather mild attachment of individuals to a group, based on their satisfaction with their economic rewards, authority relations, or occupational self-fulfillment. Using data gathered over a five-year participant-observation study, we use the case of college athletics to illustrate this previously undiscussed form of organizational loyalty. We suggest that there are five elements essential to the development of intense loyalty in organizations: domination, identification, commitment, integration, and alignment. Through their experiences with each of these organizational dimensions, athletes develop feelings that lead to the development of intense loyalty. We conclude by contrasting the structural characteristics of organizations that generate intense loyalty with those of more ordinary work organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. EFFECTS OF TWO KINDS OF ALCOHOL ADVERTISING ON SUBSEQUENT CONSUMPTION.
- Author
-
Kohn, Paul M., Smart, Reginald G., and Ogborne, Alan C.
- Subjects
ALCOHOLIC beverage advertising ,ALCOHOL drinking ,ALCOHOLIC beverages ,DRINKING behavior ,COMMUNICATION in marketing ,ADVERTISING ,ADVERTISING laws ,HUMAN behavior ,ALCOHOLIC beverage advertising laws ,ALCOHOLIC beverage industry ,LIQUOR laws ,PSYCHOLOGY ,MARKETING - Abstract
This paper reports an experiment on the effects of two kinds of alcohol advertising on subsequent consumption. Male passersby in a shopping mall, ascertained to be drinkers aged 19 to 45, each underwent one of three procedures: evaluation of five "lifestyle" advertisements for an imported beer; evaluation of five "tombstone" advertisements for that beer; and an interview about their evaluation of the shopping mall. As payment, they received a $5.00 voucher for immediate use at dinner in a licensed restaurant whose management provided data on subjects' alcohol consumption (n = 163). Six to twelve weeks later, 84 subjects were reached-by telephone for an ostensibly independent survey about beverage consumption, non-alcoholic and alcoholic. No evidence was found that either lifestyle or tombstone advertising had any impact, immediate or delayed, on any category of alcohol consumption. Nor did subjects' evaluations of the types of advertisements differ significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Social networks, market transactions, and reputation as a central resource. The Mercado del Mar, a fish market in central Mexico.
- Author
-
Pedroza-Gutiérrez, Carmen and Hernández, Juan M.
- Subjects
FISH industry ,VERTICAL distribution of fish ,SOCIAL networks ,SOCIAL capital ,DISTRIBUTORS (Commerce) - Abstract
Fish consumption in Mexico is considered low (around 12 kg per person per year) and non-homogeneously distributed across the country. One of the reasons for this situation is the scarcity of wholesale selling sites. In this context, the Mercado del Mar (MM), located in Guadalajara city, Jalisco, is the second biggest wholesale fish market in Mexico, with a distribution of about 500 tons per day and a variety of about 350 different species of fish. In this paper, we argue that MM has accumulated social capital, which is formed from two main resources: buyer and seller relationships, and reputation. Specifically, the MM manages a broad and intensive interaction among business actors and the already achieved reputation allows the MM to adapt to market changes. To validate our hypotheses, an empirical study was conducted in 2015 by means of interviews to fish wholesalers in the MM and a sample of their suppliers and buyers. For simplicity we have only considered fresh water fish. We have followed snow-ball sampling as the survey strategy. Results show that the MM has responded to fish market dynamics organizing a complex network of buyers and suppliers whose relationships can be explained in the form of strong and weak ties. At the same time, reputation has been the central resource to build this social capital and also gives place to market transactions. Additionally, the strategic position of Guadalajara city and the well-connected routes have facilitated fish bulking and distribution in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. The impact of nutritional supplement intake on diet behavior and obesity outcomes.
- Author
-
Anders, Sven and Schroeter, Christiane
- Subjects
DIETARY supplements ,OBESITY ,CONSUMERS ,HEALTH & Nutrition Examination Survey ,BODY weight ,BODY mass index - Abstract
After decades-old efforts to nudge consumers towards healthier lifestyles through dietary guidelines, diet-related diseases are on the rise. In addition, a growing share of U.S. consumers proactively chooses nutritional supplements as an alternative preventative way of maintaining good health, a $25.5 billion industry in the United States. This paper investigates possible linkages between the economics of consumer supplement choices and the relationship to important dietary and health outcomes. We use National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data to estimate the impact of nutritional supplements intake on respondent’s body weight outcomes, controlling for diet quality.: The focus of this article is to determine whether nutritional supplements takers differ from non-takers with regard to their health outcomes when controlling for differences in diet quality, based on individual Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2010) score. The analysis applies treatment effects estimators that account for the selection bias and endogeneity of self-reported behavior and diet-health outcomes. The analysis demonstrates a negative association between supplement intake and BMI but no significant effect on an individual’s diet quality. Our findings suggest that individuals proactively invest into their health by taking nutritional supplements instead of improving diet quality through more nutritious food choices. Our results provide important contributions to the literature on a key food policy issue. Knowledge of the determinants of supplement demand in the context of strong diet-health trends should also be helpful to stakeholders in the U.S. produce sector in their competition over consumer market share. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. The Market Outlook.
- Author
-
Lurie, Sidney B.
- Subjects
STOCK exchanges ,INVESTOR confidence ,BUSINESS cycles ,FOOD prices ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
The article looks at trends and developments at stock markets in the United States as of October 1, 1973, focusing on the impact of investors' confidence and attitudes on stock prices. Topics include changes in food prices in the U.S., business cycles in the country, and expectations for industries such as aluminum, chemicals, and paper production. Also reviewed are food processing company Esmark and chemical and biotechnology producer Monsanto.
- Published
- 1973
49. The Origins & Meaning of Liberal/Conservative Self-Identifications Revisited.
- Author
-
Zschirnt, Simon
- Subjects
POLITICAL attitudes ,POLITICAL philosophy ,CONSERVATISM ,LIBERALISM ,LIBERALS ,CONSERVATIVES ,HEGEMONY ,POLITICAL doctrines ,SYMBOLISM ,POLITICAL science research ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
This paper examines the permanence of differences in the psychological underpinnings of ideological self-identifications. Previous research has suggested that conservatives differ from liberals insofar as their self-identifications as such are best explained as the product of a negative reaction (both to liberalism generally and to the groups associated with it in particular) rather than a positive embrace. However, this paper demonstrates that the dynamics underlying the formation of ideological self-identifications are not static reflections of inherent differences in liberal and conservative psychologies but rather evolve in response to changes in the political environment. Whereas feelings (positive or negative) toward liberalism played a decisive role in shaping individuals' ideological self-identifications during the New Deal/Great Society era of liberal and Democratic political hegemony, the subsequent resurgence of political conservatism produced a decisive shift in the bases of liberal and conservative self-identifications. In particular, just as conservative self-identifications once primarily represented a reaction against liberalism and its associated symbols, hostility toward conservatism and its associated symbols has in recent years become an increasingly important source of liberal self-identifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Joint geriatric and psychiatric wards: a review of the literature.
- Author
-
George, Jim, Adamson, John, and Woodford, Henry
- Subjects
MENTAL illness prevention ,HOSPITAL care of older people ,CINAHL database ,HEALTH care teams ,HOSPITAL wards ,MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,MEDLINE ,PSYCHIATRIC hospitals ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,OLD age ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Joint geriatric/psychiatric wards are a potential solution to improving care of older patients with both psychiatric and medical illnesses in acute hospitals. A literature search using Medline, PsycINFO, Embase and CINAHL between 1980 and 2010 was carried out for information about joint wards for older people. Thirteen relevant papers were identified. These wards share common characteristics and there is evidence that they may reduce length of stay and be cost-effective, but there are no high-quality randomised controlled trials. Further research is needed, particularly regarding cost-effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.