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Digital Humanities research often provides opportunities for collaboration – but it just as often requires collaboration. The demands placed on DH projects in terms of technical skills and know-how are such that collaboration and a reliance on adequate research infrastructures become a necessity.

In this study, we are looking for early mentions of basic principles of sustainability in literary texts using machine learning. With a trained CRF-classifier we automatically annotated a corpus of about 70 novels from German romanticism and singled out passages with a high frequency of annotations, which we analysed in terms of a concept of sustainability. We thus test whether the application of machine learning used to operationalise high-frequency phenomena can also help uncover less frequent and highly interpretive aspects of narrative texts.

In contemporary humanities research, software plays a central role in the acquisition, enrichment, analysis, and publication of digital data. This paper aims at measuring the current practice of citation of software in DH conference abstracts and to foster the sustainable and scholarly use of software.

OPERAS Innovation Lab provides targeted guidance for scholars seeking to disseminate their outputs in an innovative way. This poster presents three case studies of workflows for innovative scholarly communication: 1) toolkit/anthology; 2) interdisciplinary online journal; 3) software services. The workflows will serve as blueprints for SSH scholars.

Based on comparative case studies of four digital humanities projects, this paper identifies six community-centric factors in the sustainability of digital scholarship: factors that transcend organizational, technical, or financial considerations, and which relate to and rely upon the communities that support and surround digital humanties projects.

Our Heritage, Our Stories is a collaboration between the University of Glasgow, University of Manchester, and The National Archives, changing how digital content amongst UK communities is collected and curated. This poster outlines project goals, methods, and progress, and showcases new humanities research stories that it will make possible.

Paper is one of the oldest commodities used by mankind, having helped record its history throughout the ages. However, to talk about paper today, is to talk about something that goes beyond the simple matrix of cellulose fibers used as a support for printing and writing. Due to its biodegradability, recyclability, renewable character, and properties in general, paper is currently exploited in a wide range of applications, such as sensors or diagnostic papers. Yet, one of its most important applications is as a packaging material. To do this, papers are usually coated with a polymer in order to improve their water and air barrier properties. Most coating formulations are still based on polymers obtained from non-renewable sources, such as poly(ethylene-vinyl alcohol) (PEVOH) and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC). In addition, these formulations rely on the use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as organic solvents (e.g. chloroform). With advances made in biomass refining, new biologically sourced and biodegradable polymers, such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(hydroxyalkanoates) (PHAs), have been used to replace traditional polymers. However, despite their "greener" characteristics, even these polymers rely on application techniques that require the use of VOCs as solvents. An expedient way to functionalize paper, and of easy industrialization, is the application of photopolymerizable coatings. This type of coatings can be formulated without the use of traditional organic solvents, and the curing process is initiated by the incidence of light (usually UV), which can occur in a few seconds. Many of the monomers and other components used in the formulation of this type of coatings can come from renewable sources, also helping to reduce the current dependence on non-renewable sources. Therefore, the goal of this PhD was the functionalization of paper through the application of photopolymerizable coatings that would give this substrate new functionalities such as hydrophobicity and cholesteric properties. In this context, this work focused on the development of solvent-free formulations, giving priority to the use of renewable raw materials. The study started with the development of a solvent-free photopolymerizable coating based on a copolymer of two acrylic monomers, namely 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and isobornyl methacrylate in a molar ratio of 0.64/0.36, in order to obtain a paper with hydrophobic properties. Two formulations consisting of 50 and 60 wt% copolymer, a mixture of the monomers (in the same molar proportion as the copolymer), and the photoinitiator (PI) darocur 1173 were studied. The application of these formulations resulted in a significant increase in the hydrophobicity of the paper (water contact angle values greater than 120°, and a decrease in water adsorption with Cobb values of 11 g/m2), while maintaining (if not improving) the other properties of the paper, namely the mechanical and air barrier properties. In the same vein, a second solvent-free formulation was developed with the aim of also improving the hydrophobicity of the paper. The formulation was based on tung oil (a highly unsaturated vegetable oil) and Darocur 1173 (PI). The coated papers had their hydrophobicity significantly improved, evidenced by an increase in the water contact angle values from about 71 ° (uncoated paper) to 127 ° and a significant decrease in water absorption, as determined by the Cobb test, from 108 to 17 g/m2 after a curing time of only 15 s. Moreover, with this short curing time, the paper's optical properties (namely whiteness, gloss and opacity) were maintained, and its mechanical properties (namely tensile and burst strength) improved. The last formulation developed is part of a preliminary study, in which the cholesteric properties of aqueous hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) mixtures were combined with a photopolymerizable system consisting of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA, monomer) and benzophenone (PI). The aim of these formulations was to develop paper-based moisture sensors capable of changing their color when exposed to atmospheric moisture. The concentration of HPC (65, 68, and 68 wt%) and the HEMA:water ratio (1:2, 1.4:1, 1:1, 1:1.4, 1:2), were adjusted to produce cholesteric papers capable of exhibiting homogeneous color and appropriate moisture response. Preliminary test of exposure of said papers to atmospheres of high relative humidity (95 %) revealed that the color change (ΔE) increased with exposure time, being the color change clearly perceptible (ΔE between 13 and 16). However, further studies are needed in order to better adjust the moisture response of the developed sensors. In summary, the work developed throughout this thesis highlights the possibility of using conventional solvent-free photopolymerizable coatings to manufacture paper-based products with new functionalities. Not only can the formulations developed be easily applied to paper, but the possibility of using renewable materials and short irradiation times allows paper functionalization in an efficient, scalable and environmentally friendly way. This is undoubtedly a promising strategy for developing new paper products with innovative properties. O papel é uma das mais antigas comodidades utilizadas pela humanidade, tendo ajudado a registar a sua História ao longo dos tempos. Contudo, falar de papel hoje em dia, é falar de algo que vai além da simples matriz de fibras de celulose utilizada como suporte para impressão e escrita. Devido à sua biodegradabilidade, reciclabilidade, caráter renovável e propriedades em geral, o papel é atualmente explorado numa vasta gama de aplicações, como por exemplo, em sensores ou papéis de diagnóstico. No entanto, uma da sua aplicação mais importante é como material de embalagem. Para tal, os papéis são normalmente revestidos com um polímero de modo a melhorar as suas propriedades de barreira à água e ao ar. A maioria das formulações de revestimento baseia-se ainda em polímeros obtidos de fontes não renováveis, tais como o poli(álcool etileno vinílico) (PEVOH) e o poli(cloreto de vinilideno) (PVDC). Além disso, estas formulações dependem da utilização de compostos orgânicos voláteis (COV) como solventes orgânicos (ex. clorofórmio). Com os avanços alcançados na refinação da biomassa, novos polímeros de origem biológica e biodegradáveis, como o poli(ácido láctico) (PLA) e os poli(hidroxialcanoatos) (PHAs), têm vindo a ser utilizados para substituir os polímeros tradicionais. No entanto, apesar das suas características "mais verdes", mesmo estes polímeros dependem de técnicas de aplicação que requerem a utilização de COVs como solventes. Uma forma expedita de funcionalização do papel, e de fácil industrialização, é a aplicação de revestimentos fotopolimerizáveis. Este tipo de revestimentos pode ser formulado sem o uso dos solventes orgânicos tradicionais, sendo o processo de cura iniciado pela incidência de luz (por norma UV), que pode ocorrer em poucos segundos. Muitos dos monómeros e demais componentes usados na formulação deste tipo de revestimentos podem provir de fontes renováveis, ajudando também a reduzir a atual dependência em fontes não-renováveis. Portanto, o objetivo deste doutoramento foi a funcionalização do papel através da aplicação de revestimentos fotopolimerizáveis que conferissem a este substrato novas funcionalidades como hidrofobicidade e propriedades colestéricas. Nesse contexto, este trabalho centrou-se no desenvolvimento de formulações sem solventes, dando prioridade à utilização de matérias-primas renováveis. O estudo começou com o desenvolvimento de um revestimento fotopolimerizável sem solventes baseado num copolímero de dois monómeros acrílicos, nomeadamente o acrilato de 2-etilhexilo e o metacrilato de isobornilo numa proporção molar de 0,64/0,36, no sentido de obter um papel com propriedades hidrofóbicas. Foram estudadas duas formulações que consistiam em 50 e 60 wt% de copolímero, uma mistura dos monómeros (na mesma proporção molar que o copolímero), e o fotoiniciador (PI) darocur 1173. A aplicação destas formulações resultou num aumento significativo da hidrofobicidade do papel (valores de ângulo de contacto com a água superiores a 120 °, e um decréscimo da adsorção de água com valores de Cobb de 11 g/m2), mantendo (se não melhorando) as outras propriedades do papel, nomeadamente as propriedades mecânicas e de barreira ao ar. Na mesma linha, foi desenvolvida uma segunda formulação sem solventes com o objetivo de melhorar também a hidrofobicidade do papel. A formulação foi baseada em óleo de tungue (um óleo vegetal altamente insaturado) e Darocur 1173 (PI). Os papéis revestidos tiveram a sua hidrofobicidade significativamente melhorada, evidenciada pelo aumento dos valores do ângulo de contacto com água de cerca de 71 ° (papel não revestido) para 127 ° e pela diminuição significativa da absorção de água, determinada pelo teste Cobb, de 108 para 17 g/m2, após um tempo de cura de apenas 15 s. Além disso, com este curto tempo de cura, as propriedades óticas do papel (nomeadamente brancura, brilho e opacidade) foram mantidas e as suas propriedades mecânicas (nomeadamente resistência à tração e à rutura) melhoradas. A última formulação desenvolvida faz parte de um estudo preliminar, em que as propriedades colestéricas de misturas aquosas de hidroxipropilcelulose (HPC) foram combinadas com um sistema fotopolimerizável constituído por 2-hidroxietil metacrilato (HEMA, monómero) e benzofenona (PI). O objetivo destas formulações visou o desenvolvimento de sensores de humidade baseados em papel capazes de alterar a sua cor quando expostos à humidade atmosférica. A concentração de HPC (65, 68, e 68 % em massa) e o rácio HEMA:água (1:2, 1.4:1, 1:1, 1:1.4, 1:2), foram ajustados para produzir papéis colestéricos capazes de exibir uma cor homogénea e uma resposta adequada à humidade. O teste preliminar de exposição dos referidos papéis a atmosferas de elevada humidade relativa (95 %) revelou que a mudança de cor (ΔE) aumentou com o tempo de exposição, sendo a mudança de cor claramente percetível (ΔE entre 13 e 16). Contudo, é necessário realizar mais estudos de forma a ajustar melhor a resposta à humidade dos sensores desenvolvidos. Em suma, o trabalho desenvolvido ao longo desta tese destaca a possibilidade de utilizar revestimentos fotopolimerizáveis sem solventes convencionais para fabricar produtos à base de papel com novas funcionalidades. Não só as formulações desenvolvidas podem ser facilmente aplicadas no papel, mas a possibilidade de utilizar materiais renováveis e tempos de irradiação curtos permite a funcionalização do papel de uma forma eficiente, escalável e amiga do ambiente. Esta é sem dúvida uma estratégia promissora para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos de papel com propriedades inovadoras. Programa Doutoral em Engenharia Química

Significance Most shape-morphing materials rely on nonrenewable fossil resources or finely extracted biomaterials, which need strict reaction control, elaborate processing equipment, or prefabricated templates to achieve controllable transformation. To circumvent these challenges, we developed an eco-friendly and scalable strategy for programmable shape evolution that integrates easy-to-process pollen biomass with cost-effective digital printing. Using this approach, specific geometrical features and architectures were customized to build complex materials with user-defined, shape-morphing abilities. These fabrication efforts were complemented by computational simulations to build quantitative and mechanistic insights into the biomaterial’s characteristics for creating complex shapes with methods that are suitable for scalable manufacturing., We demonstrate how programmable shape evolution and deformation can be induced in plant-based natural materials through standard digital printing technologies. With nonallergenic pollen paper as the substrate material, we show how specific geometrical features and architectures can be custom designed through digital printing of patterns to modulate hygrophobicity, geometry, and complex shapes. These autonomously hygromorphing configurations can be “frozen” by postprocessing coatings to meet the needs of a wide spectrum of uses and applications. Through computational simulations involving the finite element method and accompanying experiments, we develop quantitative insights and a general framework for creating complex shapes in eco-friendly natural materials with potential sustainable applications for scalable manufacturing.

Small companies encounter difficulties to adapt to new markets with a sustainable perspective. The subject of this article is a paper transformation company which has been eager to develop the organic farming market by developing a new plant support. Alternatives made from plant fibres or plastics exist, such as jute and polypropylene. The main difficulty of this project was to ecodesign a paper product with a multicriteria approach. The factors considered have been divided into two categories. Firstly, the environmental impacts calculated according to the Life Cycle Assessment methodology (on raw material extraction, manufacturing and end-of-life) are summarised. Secondly, the characteristics of the product are discussed in regards to these results and sustainability questions as part of the interpretation phase. Finally, ways of improvement of the LCA methodology to improve the study in terms of geographical representativeness and societal considerations are discussed.

Background Until now, environmental sustainability issues are almost entirely unsolved for packaging materials. With the final aim of finding materials with a single recycling channel, cellulose fiber/poly(vinyl)alcohol composites were investigated. Methods After extrusion and injection molding, samples of composite with different cellulose fiber content (30%, 50% and 70% w/w) were tested. Results Tensile mechanical tests exhibited an improvement in composite stiffness when the reinforcement content was increased together with a decrease in composite elongation. Solubility tests performed at room temperature and 45°C showed different behavior depending on the water-resistant film applied on the composite (50% cellulose fiber content). In particular, the uncoated composite showed complete solubility after 2 hours, whereas at the same time point, no solubility occurred when a non-water-soluble varnish was used. Conclusions The proposed composites, named Poly-paper, appear to warrant further investigation as highly sustainable packaging.

This review provides a historical overview of the inception and development of bioinformatics research in the Netherlands. Rooted in theoretical biology by foundational figures such as Paulien Hogeweg (at Utrecht University since the 1970s), the developments leading to organizational structures supporting a relatively large Dutch bioinformatics community will be reviewed. We will show that the most valuable resource that we have built over these years is the close-knit national expert community that is well engaged in basic and translational life science research programmes. The Dutch bioinformatics community is accustomed to facing the ever-changing landscape of data challenges and working towards solutions together. In addition, this community is the stable factor on the road towards sustainability, especially in times where existing funding models are challenged and change rapidly.

Submitted by Nivaldo Melo (nivaldo.melo@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2019-11-21T17:39:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) lucas_ethiene_silva_moreira.pdf: 4994980 bytes, checksum: b6dcf57f9dbe075b257ad8627779ec55 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2019-11-26T19:12:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) lucas_ethiene_silva_moreira.pdf: 4994980 bytes, checksum: b6dcf57f9dbe075b257ad8627779ec55 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-26T19:12:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) lucas_ethiene_silva_moreira.pdf: 4994980 bytes, checksum: b6dcf57f9dbe075b257ad8627779ec55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019 A preocupa??o das pessoas com o mundo socioambiental vem ganhando for?a, principalmente diante de evid?ncias como aquecimento solar, altera??es clim?ticas, redu??o dos recursos h?dricos, desertifica??o do solo e extin??o de esp?cies da fauna e flora. Tudo isso mostra que ? preciso cuidar do futuro do planeta. No entanto, devido ao crescimento da popula??o e das cidades, aumenta o consumo dos recursos naturais que deve ocorrer de forma equilibrada e consciente. Com o papel n?o ? diferente, principalmente por ser um material que est? presente em diversas situa??es rotineiras da sociedade, sendo o principal suporte para registro e comunica??o. Por mais que a tecnologia digital tenha sido implementada nas ?ltimas d?cadas e contribu?do para a redu??o do consumo do papel em algumas situa??es, o uso e a produ??o de papel vem crescendo mundialmente. O Brasil possui a maior ?rea reflorestada em eucalipto do mundo e diversas f?bricas de celulose e papel, gerando renda, empregos e exporta??o para o pa?s. Em contrapartida, a pesquisa buscou verificar os impactos causados nos aspectos sa?de, sociedade e meio ambiente, durante o ciclo de vida do papel: produ??o de mat?ria-prima, fabrica??o, uso e destina??o final. Por meio de registros fotogr?ficos, realizados em regi?es de Minas Gerais que possuem extensos monocultivos de eucalipto e f?bricas de celulose, foram evidenciadas situa??es demostrando os impactos causados em regi?es que possuem extensas ?reas de reflorestamentos em eucaliptos e fabrica??o de celulose e papel. Foram registrados a proximidade dos monocultivos de eucalipto com a popula??o e os recursos naturais que puderam contribuir para apresentar as principais vulnerabilidades e danos ambientais que esta aproxima??o pode ocasionar, principalmente para aqueles que necessitam do meio ambiente para proporcionar o seu modo de vida. Por fim, diante dos resultados apurados, foi elaborado o projeto de extens?o ?Papel Social: valorando as associa??es de catadores de papel em Diamantina (MG) e regi?o? que proporciona ? comunidade conscientiza??o quanto ao uso e ? destina??o mais sustent?vel do papel visando ? preserva??o dos recursos naturais que s?o afetados durante o ciclo de vida do papel. Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2019. The concern of people with the socio-environmental world has been gaining strength, mainly in the face of evidence such as solar heating, climate change, reduction of water resources, desertification of the soil and extinction of species of fauna and flora. All of this shows that we need to take care of the planet's future. However, due to the growth of the population and cities, it increases the consumption of natural resources that should occur in a balanced and conscious way. With the role it is not different, mainly because it is a material that is present in several routine situations of society, being the main support for registering R and communication. Although digital technology has been implemented in recent decades and contributed to the reduction of paper consumption in some situations, the use and production of paper has been growing globally. Brazil has the largest reforested area in eucalyptus in the world and several pulp and paper mills, generating income, jobs and export to the country. On the other hand, the research sought to verify the impacts caused in the health, society and environment aspects during the life cycle of the paper: raw material production, manufacturing, use and final destination. By means of photographic records, carried out in regions of Minas Gerais that have extensive monocultives of eucalyptus and pulp mills, we evidenced situations showing the impacts caused in regions that have extensive areas of Eucalyptus reforestation and pulp and paper manufacturing. The proximity of Eucalyptus monocultives with the population and natural resources that could contribute to present the main vulnerabilities and environmental damage that this approach can cause, especially for those who Need the environment to provide their way of life. Finally, in view of the results obtained, the extension project "Social role: Valuing the associations of paper collectors in Diamantina (MG) and region" that provides the community with awareness of the use and the most sustainable destination of the The preservation of natural resources that are affected during the life cycle of the paper. La preocupaci?n de las personas con el mundo socioambiental ha ido ganando fuerza, principalmente ante evidencias como la calefacci?n solar, el cambio clim?tico, la reducci?n de los recursos h?dricos, la desertificaci?n del suelo y la extinci?n de especies de fauna y flora. Todo esto demuestra que tenemos que cuidar el futuro del planeta. Sin embargo, debido al crecimiento de la poblaci?n y de las ciudades, aumenta el consumo de recursos naturales que deben ocurrir de manera equilibrada y consciente. Con el papel no es diferente, principalmente porque es un material que est? presente en varias situaciones rutinarias de la sociedad, siendo el principal apoyo para el registro de R y comunicaci?n. Aunque la tecnolog?a digital se ha implementado en las ?ltimas d?cadas y ha contribuido a la reducci?n del consumo de papel en algunas situaciones, el uso y la producci?n de papel ha ido creciendo a nivel mundial. Brasil tiene la mayor ?rea reforestada en eucalipto en el mundo y varias f?bricas de pulpa y papel, generando ingresos, empleos y exportaci?n al pa?s. Por otro lado, la investigaci?n busc? verificar los impactos causados en los aspectos de salud, sociedad y medio ambiente durante el ciclo de vida del papel: producci?n, fabricaci?n, uso y destino final de materias primas. Mediante registros fotogr?ficos, realizados en regiones de Minas Gerais que cuentan con extensas monocultivas de eucaliptos y f?bricas de pulpa, evidenciamos situaciones que muestran los impactos causados en regiones que tienen extensas ?reas de Reforestaci?n de eucalipto y fabricaci?n de pulpa y papel. La proximidad de los monocultivos del eucalipto con la poblaci?n y los recursos naturales que podr?an contribuir a presentar las principales vulnerabilidades y da?os ambientales que este enfoque puede causar, especialmente para aquellos que Necesita el medio ambiente para proporcionar su forma de vida. Por ?ltimo, en vista de los resultados obtenidos, el proyecto de extensi?n "Funci?n social: Valorar las asociaciones de coleccionistas de papel en Diamantina (MG) y regi?n" que proporciona a la comunidad la conciencia del uso y el destino m?s sostenible de la La preservaci?n de los recursos naturales que se ven afectados durante el ciclo de vida del papel.

Demand for training life scientists in bioinformatics methods, tools and resources and computational approaches is urgent and growing. To meet this demand, new trainers must be prepared with effective teaching practices for delivering short hands-on training sessions—a specific type of education that is not typically part of professional preparation of life scientists in many countries. A new Train-the-Trainer (TtT) programme was created by adapting existing models, using input from experienced trainers and experts in bioinformatics, and from educational and cognitive sciences. This programme was piloted across Europe from May 2016 to January 2017. Preparation included drafting the training materials, organizing sessions to pilot them and studying this paradigm for its potential to support the development and delivery of future bioinformatics training by participants. Seven pilot TtT sessions were carried out, and this manuscript describes the results of the pilot year. Lessons learned include (i) support is required for logistics, so that new instructors can focus on their teaching; (ii) institutions must provide incentives to include training opportunities for those who want/need to become new or better instructors; (iii) formal evaluation of the TtT materials is now a priority; (iv) a strategy is needed to recruit, train and certify new instructor trainers (faculty); and (v) future evaluations must assess utility. Additionally, defining a flexible but rigorous and reliable process of TtT ‘certification’ may incentivize participants and will be considered in future.

Groundwater resources are important sources of drinking water in Africa, and they are hugely important in sustaining urban livelihoods and supporting a diverse range of commercial and agricultural activities. Groundwater has an important role in improving health in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). An estimated 250 million people (40% of the total) live in urban centres across SSA. SSA has experienced a rapid expansion in urban populations since the 1950s, with increased population densities as well as expanding geographical coverage. Estimates suggest that the urban population in SSA will double between 2000 and 2030. The quality status of shallow urban groundwater resources is often very poor due to inadequate waste management and source protection, and poses a significant health risk to users, while deeper borehole sources often provide an important source of good quality drinking water. Given the growth in future demand from this finite resource, as well as potential changes in future climate in this region, a detailed understanding of both water quantity and quality is required to use this resource sustainably. This paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the water quality status, both microbial and chemical, of urban groundwater in SSA across a range of hydrogeological terrains and different groundwater point types. Lower storage basement terrains, which underlie a significant proportion of urban centres in SSA, are particularly vulnerable to contamination. The relationship between mean nitrate concentration and intrinsic aquifer pollution risk is assessed for urban centres across SSA. Current knowledge gaps are identified and future research needs highlighted.Les ressources en eaux souterraines sont des sources importantes d’eau potable en Afrique, et elles sont d’une énorme importance pour les êtres vivants en milieu urbain et pour le soutien d’une gamme diversifiée d’activités commerciales et agricoles. Les eaux souterraines jouent un rôle important en améliorant la santé en Afrique sub-saharienne (ASS). 250 millions de personnes environ (40% du total) vivent dans des centres urbains à travers l’ASS. L’ASS a connu une expansion rapide de ses populations urbaines depuis les années 1950, avec une augmentation à la fois des densités de population et de leur extension géographique. Les estimations prévoient un doublement de la population urbaine de l’ASS entre 2000 et 2030. L’état qualitatif des ressources en eau souterraine urbaines peu profondes est souvent très pauvre du fait de l’insuffisance de la gestion des déchets et de la protection de la ressource, et pose un risque sanitaire significatif pour les utilisateurs, alors que des ressources plus profondes captées par forage fournissent souvent une source importante d’eau potable de bonne qualité. Etant donné la croissance de la demande future de cette ressource limitée, ainsi que le changement climatique potentiel dans cette région dans le futur, une compréhension détaillée de la quantité et la qualité de cette ressource est exigée pour son utilisation durable. Cet article fournit une évaluation complète de l’état qualitatif, à la fois microbien et chimique, des eaux souterraines urbaines en ASS à travers une gamme de contextes hydrogéologiques et de différents types de point d’eaux souterraines. Les terrains du sous-sol de faible emmagasinement, qui sont situés sous une proportion significative de centres urbains en ASS, sont particulièrement vulnérables à la contamination. Le rapport entre la concentration moyenne en nitrate et le risque intrinsèque de pollution des aquifères est évalué pour les centres urbains de l’ASS. Des lacunes actuelles en matière de connaissances sont identifiées et les besoins de recherches futurs sont mis en évidence.Los recursos hídricos subterráneos son una fuente importante de agua potable en África y son sumamente importantes para mantener los medios de subsistencia urbanos y para apoyar una amplia gama de actividades comerciales y agrícolas. El agua subterránea tiene un papel importante en la mejora de la salud en el África Subsahariana (SSA). Se calcula que 250 millones de personas (40% del total) viven en centros urbanos en el África Subsahariana. El SSA ha experimentado una rápida expansión en las poblaciones urbanas desde la década de 1950, con el aumento de la densidad de población, así como la ampliación de la cobertura geográfica. Las estimaciones sugieren que la población urbana en África Subsahariana se duplicará entre 2000 y 2030. El estado de calidad del agua subterránea somera es a menudo muy pobre debido a la gestión inadecuada de los desechos y de la protección de las fuentes, representando un riesgo significativo para los usuarios, mientras que los pozos más profundos proporcionan una fuente importante de agua potable de buena calidad. Dado el crecimiento de la demanda futura de este recurso finito, así como los cambios potenciales en el clima futuro en esta región, una comprensión detallada de su cantidad y calidad es necesaria para utilizar este recurso de manera sostenible. Este artículo ofrece una evaluación integral del estado de la calidad del agua, tanto microbiana como química, del agua subterránea urbana en el SSA a lo largo de una serie de terrenos hidrogeológicos y diferentes tipos de puntos de agua subterránea. Los basamentos de bajo almacenamiento, que subyacen a una proporción significativa de los centros urbanos del África Subsahariana, son particularmente vulnerables a la contaminación. Se evalúa la relación entre la concentración media de nitratos y el riesgo intrínseco de contaminación acuífera para los centros urbanos a través de la SSA. Se identifican las deficiencias actuales de conocimientos y se destacan las necesidades de futuras investigaciones.地下水资源是非洲重要的饮用水源,在维系城市生计和支撑各种商业和农业活动中至关重要。地下水在改善撒哈拉以南非洲民众健康方面发挥着重要作用。在撒哈拉以南非洲,预计有2.5亿人居住在城市地区(占总数的40 %)。自从上世纪50年代,本区域城市人口快速膨胀,密度不断增加,面积不断扩大。估测结果显示,撒哈拉以南非洲的城市人口在2000年至2030年间将翻一番。由于废物管理不当及水源污染,城市浅层地下水源水质常常非常差,对用水者产生很大的健康风险,而较深钻井水源常常提供重要的高质量饮水水源。考虑到此有限水源的基础上将来需求的增长以及本地区将来的气候潜在变化,需要详细了解水量和水质状况,以便可持续利用水源。本文从微生物和化学上综合评价了撒哈拉以南非洲各种水质状况地形及不同地下水水点类型的水质状况。在撒哈拉以南非洲,水存储量低的基岩地形在城市中心占有很大的比例,特别容易受到污染。对整个撒哈拉以南非洲的城市中心平均硝酸盐含量和固有的含水层污染风险之间的关系进行了评价。明确了目前的认识空白,并强调了将来的研究需求。.As águas subterrâneas são fontes importantes de água para consumo na África, e são amplamente importantes para sustentar o modo de vida urbano e dar suporte a uma amplitude diversa de atividades comerciais e agrícolas. As águas subterrâneas têm um papel importante no desenvolvimento da saúde na África subsaariana (ASS). São estimadas 250 milhões de pessoas (40% do total) vivendo nos centros urbanos na ASS. ASS tem vivenciado uma rápida expansão na população urbana desde os anos 50, com aumento das densidades populacionais assim como expansão da cobertura geográfica. As estimativas sugerem que a população urbana na ASS dobrará entre 2000 e 2030. As condições de qualidade dos aquíferos livres em áreas urbanas estão frequentemente muito pobres por causa do gerenciamento de perdas e proteção das fontes inadequados, e apresenta um risco significativo à saúde dos usuários, enquanto poços mais profundos frequentemente fornecem fontes importantes de água potável de boa qualidade. Dado o crescimento na demanda futura desse recurso finito, assim como mudanças potenciais no clima futuro da região, um entendimento detalhado da sua quantidade e qualidade é necessário para o uso sustentável deste recurso. Esse estudo fornece uma avaliação compreensiva das condições de qualidade da água, tanto microbiológica quanto química, das águas subterrâneas urbanas na ASS por uma gama de terrenos hidrogeológicos e diferentes tipos pontuais de águas subterrâneas. Terrenos de menor armazenamento de base, que fundamentam uma porção significante dos centros urbanos da ASS, são particularmente vulneráveis a contaminação. A relação entre a concentração média de nitrato e o risco intrínseco de poluição do aquífero é avaliado para os centros urbanos na ASS. Lacunas do conhecimento atual foram identificadas e destaca-se a necessidade de pesquisas futuras.

Pulp and paper companies all over the world certify their environmental management systems assuming public commitments for the continuous improvement of their relationship with the environment. Once certified, they consider themselves having done their part. But is this enough? This work has been carried out with the clear intention of provoking the professionals who can give the much needed answers for the construction of environmental sustainability in the pulp and paper sector.

Taiwan's EPA has implemented a new guideline called the “Plastic Products Restriction Policy”, prohibiting some industries to use plastics as packaging materials for the sake of sustainable use of resources. The significant effect resulting from this policy is the substitution of plastic products with paper products. Is this policy beneficial to achieve future sustainability? I attempt to analyze the resource choice between renewable resources and exhaustible resources for production of final products and services in case of exhaustion of natural resources. In this paper, I develop a framework to examine the dynamic responsiveness of a socio-economical system in facing a continual depletion of natural resources provided by an environmental system. In this framework, the status of an environmental system in terms of carrying capacity is affected by the cumulative impacts caused from human activities, including environmental pollution and resource exploitation. Conversely, it also affects the growth of renewable resources. This framework can serve as a guideline to construct indicators to measure the status of the environmental system and the socio-economical system in order to support a policy planner that formulates an appropriate environmental policy. Based on this framework, I also develop a mathematical model to determine the optimal ratio of resources choice between renewable resources and exhaustible resources. Keywords: Renewable resources, Exhaustible resources, Carrying capacity, Resilience

Les systèmes de stockage pour les œuvres d'art grand-format sur papier sont examinés en ce qui concerne la protection de l'objet, la satisfaction de l'utilisateur et la durabilité par la voie d’une analyse de cycle de vie des matériaux de fabrication des meubles et une enquête portant sur l’expérience d’une centaine d’institutions dans le monde en matière de stockage des œuvres grands formats. Des recommandations générales en sont tirées ainsi qu’une liste simple de contrôle pour faciliter les achats de meubles grands formats par les professionnels des musées.Storage systems for oversized works of art on paper are examined regarding object protection, user satisfaction and sustainability by way of a life cycle assessment of furniture materials/construction features and a survey of about 100 institutions worldwide on their experience with oversize storage. General recommendations are derived and a simple checklist is developed to facilitate oversize purchase by museum professionals.

Solid waste management (SWM) is one of the most challenging issues faced by developing countries that suffer from serious pollution problems caused by the generation of large waste quantities. This paper presents the case study of SWM in the Nablus district - Palestine. Surveys for household residents' and SWM program operators, field investigations, on-site waste measurements and characterizations were conducted. Per capita waste generation rates varied between different localities although trends were similar. Overall, the majority of waste was organic (65.1% by weight), suggesting a strong resource recovery potential in terms of animal feed or compost. Recyclable waste (plastic, paper and card) made up 16.7% by weight the waste composition suggesting an incentive to introduce source separation. Household attitudes complemented the waste characterization study, revealing the main problems faced. SWM operators quoted on the current status, highlighting problems with disposing in unsanitary landfills, ineffective solid waste fees system, increasing solid waste quantities and lacking equipment and experienced personnel. To enhance sustainable SWM, public awareness, funding, expertise, equipment and facilities and other provisions currently lacking or inappropriate must be provided.

This paper discusses the relationship between environmental and economic performance and the influence of corporate strategies with regard to sustainability and the environment. After formulating a theoretical model, results are reported from an empirical analysis of the European paper manufacturing industry. New data are used to test hypotheses derived from the theoretical model, using environmental performance indices representing different corporate environmental strategy orientations. In particular, an emissions-based index largely reflecting end-of-pipe strategies and an inputs-based index reflecting integrated pollution prevention are distinguished. For the emissions-based index, a predominantly negative relationship between environmental and economic performance is found, whereas for the inputs-based index no significant link is found. This is consistent with the theoretical model, which predicts the possibility of different relationships. The results also show that for firms with pollution prevention-oriented corporate environmental strategies, the relationship between environmental and economic performance is more positive, thus making improvements in corporate sustainability more likely. Based on this last insight, managerial implications of this are discussed with regard to strategy choices, investment decisions and operations management.

The approach used to track the flow of carbon sequestered in the forest through harvest, processing into products, and final disposition of products is described. The methodology is broadly flexible and applicable to forest-based carbon balance assessments. A carbon balance is computed across all forestland ownerships for the production facility of interest. The balance considers forest uptake, harvest, combustion of fuels, emissions from process steps and losses from product use, disposition and recycling. The method also allows for sensitivity and marginal assessments of a variety of real and hypothetical situations using variable assumptions. Example results for a vertically integrated pulp and paper mill are presented. Results suggest that integrated forest products facilities drawing their raw material from sustainably managed forests can achieve a net positive carbon balance over the product cycle. The amount of net carbon sequestration attributable to such facilities depends upon a number of factors. The most critical of these include net forest growth, the method for allocating the growth in forest carbon among all of those harvesting from the drain area of a given facility, and the use and disposal patterns for the paper or wood products manufactured.