15,707 results
Search Results
2. Top 100 Most Cited Publications on CTLA-4 Molecule in Cancer Research: A Bibliometric Analysis.
- Author
-
El Idrissi, Hossam Hilal and Balar, Ibtissam
- Subjects
TUMOR treatment ,PROTEINS ,ONLINE information services ,SERIAL publications ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,CITATION analysis ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,T cells ,MEDLINE ,MEDICAL research ,IMMUNOTHERAPY - Abstract
The aim of this research is to use bibliometric analysis to investigate the status and patterns of the 100 most frequently cited publications regarding the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein (CTLA-4) research for cancer. The articles published on the topic were retrieved from the core collection database of Web of Science and PubMed using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) of "CTLA-4" from 1986 to December 6, 2020. The selected articles were examined and the bibliometric data compiled based on the number of citations, the author's name, journal, publication year, institution, country, and co-occurrence keywords. 4,874 eligible papers were returned from the Web of Science Core Collection Database and PubMed. The citation frequency ranged from 2372 to 205, with a median of 460, and the top cited paper had 2372 citations. The journals with the most papers were Cell (n = 8, 3541 citations, Impact Factor (IF) = 41.577) and Journal of Experimental Medicine (n = 7, 2716 citations, IF = 10.790). Most of the published papers were from the United States of America (USA) (41.8%). A total of 485 institutes and 29 countries were involved in these 100 articles. There were 1192 authors and the author with the highest number of papers was the Nobel Prize winner, Professor James P. Allison (17 papers; 8700 citations). CTLA-4 blockade was the most frequent keyword (42.1%), followed by metastatic melanoma (4.26%). This work presents an important bibliographic source and can be saved as a reference for future medical health research on the function of CTLA-4 in cancer immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Editorial: The interplay between endocrine and immune systems in metabolic diseases.
- Author
-
Lan Xiao, Weihao Wang, and Pingping Han
- Subjects
ENDOCRINE system ,T cells ,MEDICAL sciences ,MYELOID-derived suppressor cells ,REGULATORY T cells ,GERIATRICS - Abstract
This article explores the interplay between the endocrine and immune systems in metabolic diseases. It highlights the association between metabolic diseases and immune system dysfunctions, particularly chronic inflammation. The article includes research papers on the role of immune cells in thyroid diseases and diabetes, as well as clinical research on the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor cancer therapy in patients with preexisting type 1 diabetes mellitus. The review paper discusses how parasitic worms prevent diabetes by influencing macrophage and b-cell crosstalk. Overall, the article provides insights into the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases and potential therapeutic approaches. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Global hotspots and future prospects of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in cancer research: a bibliometric analysis.
- Author
-
Liu, Ming, Gao, Ya, Yuan, Yuan, Shi, Shuzhen, Yang, Kelu, Wu, Jiarui, Zhang, Junhua, and Tian, Jinhui
- Subjects
TUMOR treatment ,DATABASES ,IMMUNIZATION ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,T cells ,MEDICAL research - Abstract
Aim: Our study aimed to analyze the characteristics of papers published on CAR T-cell in the field of cancer and explore the existing hot topics and prospects. Materials & methods: We explored the global hotspots and future prospects regarding CAR T-cell therapy in cancer research. Papers of CAR T-cell research were retrieved from the Web of Science database. Analysis was performed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace and Excel software. Results: A total number of 1994 papers related to CAR T-cell research of cancer were included. Molecular Therapy published the most papers (n = 85, 4.26%). A total of 9792 authors participated in the publication of all papers. 62 countries and 2065 institutions have participated in the publication of all papers. Conclusion: Research trends are to improve the immunosuppressive microenvironment of cancer, optimize the structure of CAR T-cells and develop 'super CAR T-cell' by using gene-editing technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Wenyang-Tianjing-Jieyu Decoction Improves Depression Rats of Kidney Yang Deficiency Pattern by Regulating T Cell Homeostasis and Inflammation Level.
- Author
-
Zhang, Tian, Wang, Jiexin, Wang, Yi, He, Linxi, Lv, Shangbin, Wang, Yiran, and Li, Weihong
- Subjects
- *
T cells , *HOMEOSTASIS , *RATS , *JAK-STAT pathway , *MENTAL depression - Abstract
Purpose: Chronic inflammation is one of the key mechanisms of depression. Wenyang-Tianjin-Jie Decoction (WTJD) is an effective antidepressant found in the course of diagnosis and treatment, but the mechanism of therapeutic effect is not clear. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of WTJD in the kidney yang deficiency (KYD) type of depression rats and reveal its mechanisms. Materials and Methods: We selected forty 6-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats for the study. We established a KYD [Phellodendron amurense Rupr (Huangbai) solution oral gavage and 4°C environments; 8 weeks] type of depression (chronic unpredictable mild stimulus; 6 weeks) rat model first. After successful modeling, we used WTJD or fluoxetine on rats for 3 weeks. Then we evaluated the depression and KYD behavior. Finally, we observed the expression of key inflammatory factors and proteins in peripheral blood and hippocampus, and further investigated the immune balance of Th17/Treg and Th1/Th2 cells and the activity of their main regulatory pathways JAK2/STAT3 and TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB. Results: The imbalance of Th17/Treg and Th1/Th2 cells in rats were related to KYD and depressive symptoms. Through this study, we found that WTJD can inhibit the activity of JAK2/STAT3 and TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB pathways, balance Th17/Treg and Th1/Th2 cell homeostasis, regulate the levels of inflammatory factors in the hippocampus and peripheral blood, and reverse KYD and depression. Conclusion: This study confirmed that WTJD had a reliable effect on depression rats with KYD, and its mechanism was to regulate the immune homeostasis of hippocampal T cells and related inflammatory factors to improve KYD and depression symptoms in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. The Year in Review: The Top Five Papers of 2018.
- Author
-
Flotte, Terence R.
- Subjects
- *
GENE expression , *GENE therapy , *T cells , *GENETIC engineering , *GENOME editing - Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. T-Cell Engagers—The Structure and Functional Principle and Application in Hematological Malignancies.
- Author
-
Cech, Paweł, Skórka, Katarzyna, Dziki, Laura, and Giannopoulos, Krzysztof
- Subjects
ONCOLYTIC virotherapy ,HEMATOLOGIC malignancies ,T cells ,LYMPHOCYTIC leukemia ,ANTINEOPLASTIC agents ,IMMUNOTHERAPY ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS ,PROTEIN-tyrosine kinase inhibitors ,HEMATOLOGY ,MONOCLONAL antibodies ,CELL lines ,CANCER chemotherapy ,IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors ,MOLECULAR structure - Abstract
Simple Summary: Recent advancements in cancer research have proven immunotherapies to be a promising strategy for the treatment of hematological malignancies. The bispecific antibody (BsAb) format was developed to overcome the issues of monoclonal antibody-based therapies. T-cell engagers (TCEs) are BsAbs, which directly activate T-cells and their anti-tumor features, ultimately resulting in the lysis of the targeted tumor cells. In 2014, the FDA approved blinatumomab for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. As of November 2023, seven clinically approved TCE therapies are on the market. In this paper, we summarized the technical basis of the TCE technology, its application in hematology, and its current issues and prospects. Recent advancements in cancer immunotherapy have made directing the cellular immune response onto cancer cells a promising strategy for the treatment of hematological malignancies. The introduction of monoclonal antibody-based (mAbs) targeted therapy has significantly improved the prognosis for hematological patients. Facing the issues of mAb-based therapies, a novel bispecific antibody (BsAb) format was developed. T-cell engagers (TCEs) are BsAbs, which simultaneously target tumor-associated antigens on tumor cells and CD3 molecules present on T-cells. This mechanism allows for the direct activation of T-cells and their anti-tumor features, ultimately resulting in the lysis of tumor cells. In 2014, the FDA approved blinatumomab, a TCE directed to CD3 and CD19 for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Since then, numerous TCEs have been developed, allowing for treating different hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma. As of November 2023, seven clinically approved TCE therapies are on the market. TCE-based therapies still have their limitations; however, improving the properties of TCEs, as well as combining TCE-based therapies with other forms of treatment, give hope to find the cures for currently terminal diseases. In this paper, we summarized the technical basis of the TCE technology, its application in hematology, and its current issues and prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Accelerating development of engineered T cell therapies in the EU: current regulatory framework for studying multiple product versions and T2EVOLVE recommendations....
- Author
-
Ammar, Delphine, Schapitz, Inga, Luu, Maik, Hudecek, Michael, Meyer, Miriam, Taps, Timmothy, Schröder, Bernd, Ivics, Zoltán, Sanges, Carmen, Franz, Paul, Koehl, Ulrike, Negre, Helene, Johanna, Inez, and Awigena-Cook, Jacquelyn
- Subjects
T cells ,CELLULAR therapy ,KILLER cells ,PRODUCT attributes ,MANUFACTURING processes - Abstract
To accelerate the development of Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) for patients suffering from life-threatening cancer with limited therapeutic options, regulatory approaches need to be constantly reviewed, evaluated and adjusted, as necessary. This includes utilizing science and riskbased approaches to mitigate and balance potential risks associated with early clinical research and a more flexible manufacturing paradigm. In this paper, T2EVOLVE an Innovative Medicine Initiative (IMI) consortium explores opportunities to expedite the development of CAR and TCR engineered T cell therapies in the EU by leveraging tools within the existing EU regulatory framework to facilitate an iterative and adaptive learning approach across different product versions with similar design elements or based on the same platform technology. As understanding of the linkage between product quality attributes, manufacturing processes, clinical efficacy and safety evolves through development and post licensure, opportunities are emerging to streamline regulatory submissions, optimize clinical studies and extrapolate data across product versions reducing the need to perform duplicative studies. It is worth noting that this paper is focusing on CAR- and TCR-engineered T cell therapies but the concepts may be applied more broadly to engineered cell therapy products (e.g., CAR NK cell therapy products). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. The role of CD8+ T cells in endometriosis: a systematic review.
- Author
-
Kisovar, Ana, Becker, Christian M., Granne, Ingrid, and Southcombe, Jennifer H.
- Subjects
PELVIC pain ,T cells ,ENDOMETRIOSIS ,CD8 antigen ,CHILDBEARING age ,ASCITIC fluids - Abstract
Background: Endometriosis is a chronic disease affecting 6-10% of women of reproductive age. It is an important cause of infertility and chronic pelvic pain with poorly understood aetiology. CD8+ T (CD8 T) cells were shown to be linked to infertility and chronic pain and play a significant role in lesion clearance in other pathologies, yet their function in endometriosis is unknown. We systematically evaluated the literature on the CD8 T in peripheral blood and endometriosis-associated tissues to determine the current understanding of their pathophysiological and clinical relevance in the disease and associated conditions (e.g. infertility and pelvic pain). Methods: Four databases were searched (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL), from database inception until September 2022, for papers written in the English language with database-specific relevant terms/free-text terms from two categories: CD8 T cells and endometriosis. We included peer-reviewed papers investigating CD8 T cells in peripheral blood and endometriosis-associated tissues of patients with surgically confirmed endometriosis between menarche and menopause, and animal models with oestrous cycles. Studies enrolling participants with other gynaecological pathologies (except uterine fibroids and tubal factor infertility used as controls), cancer, immune diseases, or taking immune or hormonal therapy were excluded. Results: 28 published case-control studies and gene set analyses investigating CD8 T cells in endometriosis were included. Data consistently indicate that CD8 T cells are enriched in endometriotic lesions in comparison to eutopic endometrium, with no differences in peripheral blood CD8 T populations between patients and healthy controls. Evidence on CD8 T cells in peritoneal fluid and eutopic endometrium is conflicting. CD8 T cell cytotoxicity was increased in the menstrual effluent of patients, and genomic analyses have shown a clear trend of enriched CD8 T effector memory cells in the eutopic endometrium of patients. Conclusion: Literature on CD8 T cells in endometriosis-associated tissues is inconsistent. Increased CD8 T levels are found in endometriotic lesions, however, their activation potential is understudied in all relevant tissues. Future research should focus on identifying clinically relevant phenotypes to support the development of non-invasive diagnostic and treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Macrophage barrier in the tumor microenvironment and potential clinical applications.
- Author
-
Ji, Shuai, Shi, Yuqing, and Yin, Bo
- Subjects
CLINICAL medicine ,TUMOR microenvironment ,MACROPHAGES ,CELL populations ,IMMUNOREGULATION ,T cells ,KILLER cells - Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) constitutes a complex microenvironment comprising a diverse array of immune cells and stromal components. Within this intricate context, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) exhibit notable spatial heterogeneity. This heterogeneity contributes to various facets of tumor behavior, including immune response modulation, angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, and metastatic potential. This review summarizes the spatial distribution of macrophages in both the physiological environment and the TME. Moreover, this paper explores the intricate interactions between TAMs and diverse immune cell populations (T cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and other immune cells) within the TME. These bidirectional exchanges form a complex network of immune interactions that influence tumor immune surveillance and evasion strategies. Investigating TAM heterogeneity and its intricate interactions with different immune cell populations offers potential avenues for therapeutic interventions. Additionally, this paper discusses therapeutic strategies targeting macrophages, aiming to uncover novel approaches for immunotherapy. EjPgUqH7NocL1u9xj7Aojm Video Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Forefronts and hotspots evolution of the nanomaterial application in anti-tumor immunotherapy: a scientometric analysis.
- Author
-
Cao, Wei, Jin, Mengyao, Zhou, Weiguo, Yang, Kang, Cheng, Yixian, Chen, Junjie, Cao, Guodong, Xiong, Maoming, and Chen, Bo
- Subjects
REGULATORY T cells ,IMMUNOLOGIC memory ,NANOSTRUCTURED materials ,IMMUNOTHERAPY ,DENDRITIC cells ,T cells - Abstract
Background: Tumor immunotherapy can not only eliminate the primary lesion, but also produce long-term immune memory, effectively inhibiting tumor metastasis and recurrence. However, immunotherapy also showed plenty of limitations in clinical practice. In recent years, the combination of nanomaterials and immunotherapy has brought new light for completely eliminating tumors with its fabulous anti-tumor effects and negligible side effects. Methods: The Core Collection of Web of Science (WOSCC) was used to retrieve and obtain relevant literatures on antitumor nano-immunotherapy since the establishment of the WOSCC. Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, GraphPad Prism, and Excel were adopted to perform statistical analysis and visualization. The annual output, active institutions, core journals, main authors, keywords, major countries, key documents, and impact factor of the included journals were evaluated. Results: A total of 443 related studies were enrolled from 2004 to 2022, and the annual growth rate of articles reached an astonishing 16.85%. The leading countries in terms of number of publications were China and the United States. Journal of Controlled Release, Biomaterials, Acta Biomaterialia, Theranostics, Advanced Materials, and ACS Nano were core journals publishing high-quality literature on the latest advances in the field. Articles focused on dendritic cells and drug delivery accounted for a large percentage in this field. Key words such as regulatory T cells, tumor microenvironment, immune checkpoint blockade, drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, tumor-associated macrophages were among the hottest themes with high maturity. Dendritic cells, vaccine, and T cells tend to become the popular and emerging research topics in the future. Conclusions: The combined treatment of nanomaterials and antitumor immunotherapy, namely antitumor nano-immunotherapy has been paid increasing attention. Antitumor nano-immunotherapy is undergoing a transition from simple to complex, from phenotype to mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Anti-Idiotypic mRNA Vaccine to Treat Autoimmune Disorders.
- Author
-
Niazi, Sarfaraz K.
- Subjects
AUTOIMMUNE diseases ,MESSENGER RNA ,AUTOANTIBODIES ,B cells ,T cells - Abstract
The 80+ existing autoimmune disorders (ADs) affect billions with little prevention or treatment options, except for temporary symptomatic management, leading to enormous human suffering and a monumental financial burden. The autoantibodies formed in most ADs have been identified, allowing the development of novel anti-idiotypic antibodies to mute the autoantibodies using vaccines. Nucleoside vaccines have been successfully tested as antigen-specific immunotherapies (ASI), with mRNA technology offering multi-epitope targeting to mute multiple autoantibodies. This paper proposes using mRNA technology to produce anti-idiotypic antibodies with broad effectiveness in preventing and treating them. This paper delves into the state-of-the-art mRNA design strategies used to develop novel ASIs by selecting appropriate T cell and B cell epitopes to generate anti-idiotypic antibodies. The low cost and fast development of mRNA vaccines make this technology the most affordable for the global control of ADs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Exosomes loaded with programmed death ligand-1 promote tumor growth by immunosuppression in osteosarcoma
- Author
-
Hongwei Ren, Qilong Wu, Lili Xue, Xiang Song, Yan-Juan Wu, and Lei Zhang
- Subjects
CD3 ,T cell ,Bioengineering ,Bone Neoplasms ,exosomes ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Jurkat cells ,B7-H1 Antigen ,Jurkat Cells ,Mice ,Immune system ,pd-l1 ,osteosarcoma ,medicine ,Immune Tolerance ,Intercellular connection ,Animals ,Humans ,t cells ,biology ,Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Microvesicles ,Neoplasm Proteins ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cell culture ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Research Article ,Research Paper ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant tumor commonly observed in adolescents, who experience relapse and metastasis (30% of the total cases). Its progression is attributed to immune escape mediated by immune checkpoints. However, the intercellular connection between tumor cells and T cells remain unclear. This study was conducted to explore the effects of PD-L1-loaded exosomes on the tumor growth of OS. The exosomes were extracted from cells and tissues through ultracentrifugation. IFN-γ production was determined to evaluate the activity of Jurkat cells. The in vivo growth of OS cells was examined using a C3H xenograft model in mice, tumor volumes were monitored, and the proportion of CD3 + T cells in tumor tissues was detected. Results revealed that PD-L1 was significantly upregulated in the OS cell lines. MG63 and Saos-2 cells were the most abundant in PD-L1, so they were selected as investigation targets. PD-L1 was found to be also highly expressed in the exosomes isolated from MG63 and Saos-2 cells. The exosomes elicited significant inhibitory effects on IFN-γ secretion in Jurkat cells, which were abolished by the PD-L1 antibody or siRNAs. The in vivo growth of C3H cells was significantly facilitated by the overexpression of mPD-L1 or by the administration of mPD-L1-overloaded exosomes. The infiltration of CD3 + T cells was also decreased. The exosomes extracted from clinical PD-L1-positive OS tissues showed a promising inhibitory property against activated T cells. Therefore, PD-L1-loaded exosomes extracted from OS cells aggravated OS progression by suppressing T cell activities., Graphical abstract
- Published
- 2021
14. A novel 6-gene signature derived from tumor-infiltrating T cells and neutrophils predicts survival of bladder urothelial carcinoma
- Author
-
Xuan Zou, Yong Wei, Tao Qi, Xiaping Wang, Wenren Zuo, Tongshan Wang, Wei Zhu, and Xin Zhou
- Subjects
bladder urothelial carcinoma ,Male ,Aging ,Neutrophils ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,T-Lymphocytes ,Urinary Bladder ,T cells ,Cell Biology ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,Prognosis ,survival ,Survival Analysis ,nomogram ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating ,Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Humans ,Female ,Urothelium ,Research Paper ,Aged - Abstract
Intratumoral immune cells were reported to be associated with prognosis of bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC). However, the role of immune cells related genes in BUC prognosis is less well defined. In the study, we analyzed data retrieved from the Cancer Genome Atlas database and found higher neutrophils and lower T cells infiltration in BUC tumor tissues were significantly correlated with patients' worse prognosis. Additionally, the expression levels of 164 genes were significantly correlated with T cells and neutrophils proportions. A Cox proportional-hazards model integrating 6 genes expression (EMP1, RASGRP4, HSPA1L, AHNAK, SLC1A6, and PRSS8) was identified. The 6-gene signature outperformed other clinical factors in risk prediction and was an independent prognostic factor for BUC. The findings were further conformed in three Gene Expression Omnibus datasets (n=331) and Jiangsu Province Hospital cohort (n = 46). Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the model was highly involved in some immune-related pathways. A comprehensive nomogram combining the model and other clinical parameters was finally constructed to facilitate clinical application. In conclusion, a T cell and neutrophil-associated 6-gene prognostic model was identified for the survival prediction of BUC patients.
- Published
- 2021
15. COVID Induced Functional Exhaustion and Persistently Reduced Lymphocytes as Vital Contributing Factors for Post-COVID Rhino-orbital and Cerebral Mucormycosis in Patients with Diabetes: Report from the Indian Sub-continent
- Author
-
Rajkumar Ahirwal, Ganesh Koneru, Ankit Pandey, Suyash Dubey, Preeti Gurjar, Sivakumar Beena, and Darpan Bhargava
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Lymphocyte ,T cell ,T cells ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Pandemic ,medicine ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Mucormycosis ,Humans ,Lymphocytes ,Respiratory system ,COVID ,Retrospective Studies ,Original Paper ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Public health ,COVID-19 ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,CD4 ,Coronavirus ,Oxygen ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Fungal ,Oncology ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Mycoses ,business ,Infection - Abstract
The current pandemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global, unanticipated public health crisis. Another emerging challenge is the prevalence of "black fungus", or mucormycosis, among patients who recovered from COVID-19 infection. A retrospective study was conducted on 12 patients in a post-COVID recovery phase who developed mucormycosis. The study parameters evaluated lymphocyte count, CD4+ T cell status, and associated systemic co-morbidities for the patient, namely diabetes. The interventions during the treatment for COVID were also recorded to include administration of oxygen, ventilator assistance (invasive and non-invasive)/oxygen support, and steroid use. The possible relationship between low lymphocyte and CD4+ counts with diabetes and fungal growth was evaluated. It was observed that the majority of the patients who had a positive history for diabetes with low lymphocyte and CD4+ counts were more susceptible to opportunistic fungal infections. Most of the patients, but not all, had a history of receiving oxygen or assisted ventilation, as well as steroids, during the treatment for COVID infection. These interventions may be considered as accessory contributing factors for fungal infection. Post-exposure to SARS-CoV-2, therapies should be targeted at prevention of functional exhaustion of lymphocytes and maintaining optimal lymphocyte and subset counts in susceptible hosts for the prevention of opportunistic fungal infections. The relationship between functional exhaustion of the lymphocyte, diabetes, and COVID mandates further research.
- Published
- 2021
16. BPI overexpression suppresses Treg differentiation and induces exosome-mediated inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus
- Author
-
Yi-Ru Ciou, Tse-Hua Tan, Ching-Yi Tsai, Huang-Yu Yang, Chia-Hsin Hsueh, Huai-Chia Chuang, Yi-Ming Chen, and Ming-Han Chen
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adoptive cell transfer ,T-Lymphocytes ,Population ,SLE ,T cells ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Gene Expression ,Inflammation ,Mice, Transgenic ,exosomes ,Lymphocyte Activation ,Exosome ,T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ,Mice ,Downregulation and upregulation ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ,education ,Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous) ,Aged ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Autoantibody ,Cell Differentiation ,Blood Proteins ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Microvesicles ,humanities ,Treg ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Gene Expression Regulation ,Immunology ,BPI ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Inflammation Mediators ,business ,Transcriptome ,Nephritis ,Research Paper ,Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides - Abstract
Background: Serum-derived exosomes are correlated with disease severity of human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The proteins in the T-cell-derived exosomes from SLE patients could contribute to inflammation. Methods: We characterized proteins of T cell-derived exosomes from SLE patients and healthy controls by proteomics. To study the potential pathogenic role of the identified exosomal protein, we generated and characterized T-cell-specific transgenic mice that overexpressed the identified protein in T cells using immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, and single-cell RNA sequencing. Results: We identified an overexpressed protein, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), in SLE T cells and T-cell-derived exosomes. T-cell-specific BPI transgenic (Lck-BPI Tg) mice showed multi-tissue inflammation with early induction of serum IL-1β levels, as well as serum triglyceride and creatinine levels. Interestingly, exosomes of Lck-BPI Tg T cells stimulated IL-1β expression of wild-type recipient macrophages. Remarkably, adoptive transfer of BPI-containing exosomes increased serum IL-1β and autoantibody levels in recipient mice. The transferred exosomes infiltrated into multiple tissues of recipient mice, resulting in hepatitis, nephritis, and arthritis. ScRNA-seq showed that Lck-BPI Tg T cells displayed a decrease of Treg population, which was concomitant with ZFP36L2 upregulation and Helios downregulation. Furthermore, in vitro Treg differentiation was reduced by BPI transgene and enhanced by BPI knockout. Conclusions: BPI is a negative regulator of Treg differentiation. BPI overexpression in T-cell-derived exosomes or peripheral blood T cells may be a biomarker and pathogenic factor for human SLE nephritis, hepatitis, and arthritis.
- Published
- 2021
17. A Case of Bullous Pemphigoid with Significant Infiltration of CD4-Positive T Cells during Treatment with Pembrolizumab, Accompanied by Pembrolizumab-Induced Multi-Organ Dysfunction.
- Author
-
Mima, Yoshihito, Ohtsuka, Tsutomu, Ebato, Ippei, Nakazato, Yoshimasa, and Norimatsu, Yuta
- Subjects
DRUG side effects ,T cells ,IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors ,EOSINOPHILS ,BASAL lamina ,BULLOUS pemphigoid - Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) activate T cells, causing immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Skin manifestations are common among irAEs, but ICI-associated bullous pemphigoid (BP) is rare. Inhibiting programmed death (PD)-1 signaling, in addition to causing epitope spreading, may disrupt B and T cell balance, causing excessive autoantibody production against the skin's basement membrane, leading to BP. A 70-year-old woman developed late-onset multi-organ irAEs, including diarrhea, thyroid dysfunction, and BP, while receiving pembrolizumab, a PD-1 inhibitor. This highlights the long-term risk of irAEs, which can occur 2–3 years after starting ICIs. In cases of multi-organ irAE, C-reactive protein levels and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio are often low. These characteristics were observed in our case. Few papers address multiple organ involvement, highlighting the need to consider irAEs in a multi-organ context. While it is known that drug-induced skin reactions worsen as blood eosinophil counts increase, in our case, the eosinophil count remained normal, suggesting that ICI-associated BP might have been controlled without discontinuing the ICI and through tapering of low-dose oral prednisone treatment. Additionally, in this case, significant CD4-positive T cell infiltration was observed in the immunostaining examination of the blisters, indicating that severe CD4-positive T cell infiltration induced by the ICI might have led to multi-organ involvement, including severe diarrhea. Few reports focus on blood eosinophil counts in BP cases or discuss CD4 and CD8 immunostaining in BP cases. Therefore, future research should explore the relationship between blood eosinophil counts, immunostaining results, and the prognosis of irAEs, including BP, in treatment courses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Dynamics of Activation and Regulation of the Immune Response to Attack by Viral Pathogens Using Mathematical Modeling.
- Author
-
Cuesta-Herrera, Ledyz, Pastenes, Luis, Arencibia, Ariel D., Córdova-Lepe, Fernando, and Montoya, Cristhian
- Subjects
REGULATORY T cells ,IMMUNOREGULATION ,CYTOTOXIC T cells ,B cells ,SARS-CoV-2 ,T cells ,HOMEOSTASIS - Abstract
In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to simulate the activation of regulatory T lymphocytes dynamics. The model considers the adaptive immune response and consists of epithelial cells, infected cells, free virus particles, helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and regulatory T lymphocytes. A mathematical analysis was carried out to discuss the conditions of existence and stability of equilibrium solutions in terms of the basic reproductive number. In addition, the definitions and properties necessary to preserve the positivity and stability of the model are shown. The precision of these mathematical models can be affected by numerous sources of uncertainty, partly due to the balance between the complexity of the model and its predictive capacity to depict the biological process accurately. Nevertheless, these models can provide remarkably perspectives on the dynamics of infection and assist in identification specific immunological traits that improve our comprehension of immune mechanisms. The theoretical results are validated by numerical simulations using data reported in the literature. The construction, analysis, and simulation of the developed models demonstrate that the increased induced regulatory T lymphocytes effectively suppress the inflammatory response in contrast to similar cells at lower contents, playing a key role in maintaining self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Raman Spectroscopy of Optically Trapped Living Human T Cell Subsets and Monocytes.
- Author
-
Nötzel, Martin, Mahamid, Maria, Kronstein-Wiedemann, Romy, Ziemssen, Tjalf, and Akgün, Katja
- Subjects
RAMAN spectroscopy ,DNA fingerprinting ,MONOCYTES ,CD8 antigen ,CLINICAL medicine - Abstract
In recent years, Raman spectroscopy has garnered growing interest in the field of biomedical research. It offers a non-invasive and label-free approach to defining the molecular fingerprint of immune cells. We utilized Raman spectroscopy on optically trapped immune cells to investigate their molecular compositions. While numerous immune cell types have been studied in the past, the characterization of living human CD3/CD28-stimulated T cell subsets remains incomplete. In this study, we demonstrate the capability of Raman spectroscopy to readily distinguish between naïve and stimulated CD4 and CD8 cells. Additionally, we compared these cells with monocytes and discovered remarkable similarities between stimulated T cells and monocytes. This paper contributes to expanding our knowledge of Raman spectroscopy of immune cells and serves as a launching point for future clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. CAR-T Cells in the Treatment of Nervous System Tumors.
- Author
-
Testa, Ugo, Castelli, Germana, and Pelosi, Elvira
- Subjects
CELL transplantation ,T cells ,GLIOMAS ,HEMATOLOGIC malignancies ,IMMUNOTHERAPY ,CELL physiology ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,NERVOUS system tumors ,TUMOR antigens ,CELL receptors ,BRAIN tumors ,NEUROBLASTOMA - Abstract
Simple Summary: This review explores the emerging area of the therapeutic use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells in nervous tissue tumors. Through a detailed analysis of the existing literature, this paper highlights the most recent applications of CAR-T cells to the therapy of pediatric and adult nervous system neoplasia. Furthermore, it discusses the potential mechanisms underlying sensitivity or resistance to CAR-T cell-based therapies. Overall, this review underscores the importance of CAR-T cell therapies to the treatment of some nervous system tumors. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts) have shown a remarkable efficacy in hematological malignancies but limited responses in solid tumors. Among solid tumors, CAR-T cell therapy has been particularly explored in brain tumors. CAR-T cells have shown a limited clinical efficacy in various types of brain tumors due to several factors that have hampered their activity, including tumor antigen heterogeneity, the limited access of CAR-T cells to brain tumor cells, limited CAR-T cell trafficking and in vivo persistence and the presence of a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Despite these considerations, some recent studies have shown promising antitumor activity of GD2-CAR-T cells on diffuse midline gliomas and neuroblastomas and of CARv3-TEAM-E cells in glioblastomas. However, strategies are required to improve the effect of CAR-T cells in brain tumors, including advanced CAR-T cell design with multiple antigenic targeting and incorporation of combination therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Adaptive post-COVID-19 immune response in female subjects of the Russian arctic region.
- Author
-
SHCHEGOLEVA, Lyubov S., KABBANI, Mohammad-Sohib, SHASHKOVA, Elizaveta Y., FILIPPOVA, Oksana E., POPOVSKAYA, Ekaterina V., SERGEEVA, Tatyana B., and MOROZOVA, Olga S.
- Subjects
IMMUNOCOMPETENT cells ,CELLULAR immunity ,COVID-19 ,COMMUNICABLE diseases ,T cells - Abstract
The Arctic region's unfavorable living conditions adversely affect the spread of infectious diseases, including COVID-19, This, in turn, can also lead to increased morbidity and mortality rates in the area due to a number of factors such as climate, environment, and high prevalence rate of pre-existing health issues like diabetes, obesity, and respiratory infections. These circumstances adversely affect maintaining the level of working capability. The aim of this paper is to investigate the ratio of immunocompetent cells involved in the adaptive post-COVID-19 immune response. The research includes an immunological assessment of 29 women aged 20-40 years residing in Arkhangelsk, Russia, six months after recovering from COVID-19. The count of leukocytes in the peripheral blood and their differ ential were evaluated using standard methods to assess the immunological status. To delve deeper into the immunological landscape, phenotypes of lymphocytes (CD5
+ , CD8+ , CD10+ , and CD95+ ) were evaluated using an indirect immunoperoxidase reaction with monoclonal antibodies on dried drop lymphocyte preparations. After incubating blood with latex molecules, the activity and quantity of phagocytes were assessed using a light microscope. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was found to be inverted in the female subjects under investigation. The high concentration of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CD8+ ) and lymphocytes with apoptotic receptors (CD95+ ) suggests a potential correlation with a concurrent reduction in the expression of the total T-cell marker (CD5+ ) across all cases. This association was further linked to a decrease in lymphoproliferative activity and a relative decline in phagocytic activity. These findings led us to posit that the total recovery time after COVID-19 might extend beyond six months, indicative of a prolonged impact on the body's protective capacity. Our observations prompt the hypothesis that cellular immunity plays a crucial role in determining the severity of COVID-19 infection. Specifically, individuals with initially robust phagocytic activity may be predisposed to experiencing a milder form of the infection. However, this assumption warrants further investigation and clarification in individuals with moderate and severe disease progression [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Immunological parameters associated with the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients
- Author
-
Nur Dilek Bakan, Alaattin Yildiz, Fusun Soysal, Halil Yazici, Nadir Alpay, Servet Alan, Emel Eksioglu-Demiralp, and Abdullah Ozkok
- Subjects
Adult ,Nephrology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Urology ,Lymphocyte ,T cells ,Serum albumin ,Pilot Projects ,Fibrinogen ,Gastroenterology ,Immunophenotyping ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Nephrology - Original Paper ,Lymphocyte Count ,Lymphocytes ,Flow cytometry ,Kidney transplantation ,biology ,business.industry ,Respiratory disease ,COVID-19 ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Kidney Transplantation ,Lymphocyte Subsets ,Transplant Recipients ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,biology.protein ,Natural killer cells ,business ,CD8 ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Purpose An outbreak of a novel respiratory disease due to coronavirus species was emerged in 2019 and named as Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Clinical and immunological factors affecting the course of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) are not well-known. Methods In this prospective observational study, we presented 20 KTR with COVID-19 pnemonia and examined the factors predicting the severity of COVID-19. A total of 10 KTR without COVID-19 was used as control group. Lymphocyte subsets were determined by flow cytometry. In 13/20 patients, immunophenotyping was repeated 1 week later. Results Mean age of the patients was 50 ± 9 years. Patients were classified as mild–moderate (oxygen saturation: SO2 > 90%) and severe disease groups (SO2 ≤ 90%). Serum albumin and hemoglobin were lower and CRP, fibrinogen and peak d-dimer were higher in severe group. Peak CRP was inversely associated with nadir SO2 (r = − 0.68, p = 0.001). Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was higher in severe group (p = 0.01). CD3 + and CD4 + cells were lower and NK cell percentage (CD16 + 56 +) was higher in severe group. Percentage of spontaneously activated CD8 cells (CD8 + CD69 +) was higher in severe group. In comparison of KTR with and without COVID-19, CD8 + cells were lower but NK cell percentage was higher in KTR with COVID-19. Conclusion In this pilot study, increased NK cells, activated CD8 + cells and decreased CD3 + and CD4 + cells were associated with severity of COVID-19 in KTR. Peripheral immunophenotyping of lymphocyte subtypes may provide prognostic information about the clinical course of COVID-19 in KTR. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11255-021-02947-y.
- Published
- 2021
23. Senescence-induced changes in CD4 T cell differentiation can be alleviated by treatment with senolytics
- Author
-
Erica C. Lorenzo, Blake L. Torrance, Spencer R. Keilich, Iman Al‐Naggar, Andrew Harrison, Ming Xu, Jenna M. Bartley, and Laura Haynes
- Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Original Paper ,senescence ,aging ,T cells ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell Biology ,Original Papers ,Mice ,Senotherapeutics ,senolytics ,Animals ,Humans ,influenza ,Cellular Senescence - Abstract
Aging and senescence impact CD4 T helper cell (Th) subset differentiation during influenza infection. In the lungs of infected aged mice, there were significantly greater percentages of Th cells expressing the transcription factor FoxP3, indicative of regulatory CD4 T cells (Treg), when compared to young. TGF‐beta levels, which drive FoxP3 expression, were also higher in the bronchoalveolar lavage of aged mice and blocking TGF‐beta reduced the percentage of FoxP3+ Th in aged lungs during influenza infection. Since TGF‐beta can be the product of senescent cells, these were targeted by treatment with senolytic drugs. Treatment of aged mice with senolytics prior to influenza infection restored the differentiation of Th cells in those aged mice to a more youthful phenotype with fewer Th cells expressing FoxP3. In addition, treatment with senolytic drugs induced differentiation of aged Th toward a healing Type 2 phenotype, which promotes a return to homeostasis. These results suggest that senescent cells, via production of cytokines such as TGF‐beta, have a significant impact on Th differentiation., In young mice, CD4 T cells differentiate appropriately in response to influenza infection, generating T helper subsets that participate in the anti‐viral response. This differentiation is aberrant in aged mice, but can be improved when aged mice are treated with senolytics.
- Published
- 2021
24. Licochalcone A improves the cognitive ability of mice by regulating T- and B-cell proliferation
- Author
-
Yating Wu, Haifeng Liu, Jianbo Zhu, and Hailiang Liu
- Subjects
Aging ,Licochalcone A ,T-Lymphocytes ,T cells ,Morris water navigation task ,Spleen ,Pharmacology ,Flow cytometry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,Immune system ,Chalcones ,Cognition ,cognitive ability ,medicine ,Animals ,Maze Learning ,Whole blood ,Cell Proliferation ,B cells ,B-Lymphocytes ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,licochalcone A ,Interleukin-17 ,Interleukin ,Cell Biology ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Cerebral blood flow ,Research Paper - Abstract
Licochalcone A (LA), a flavonoid found in licorice, has anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Here, we explored the effect of injecting LA into the tail vein of middle-aged C57BL/6 mice on their cognitive ability as measured by the Morris water maze (MWM) test and cerebral blood flow (CBF). The related mechanisms were assessed via RNA-seq, and T (CD3e+) and B (CD45R/B220+) cells in the spleen and whole blood were quantified via flow cytometry. LA improved the cognitive ability, according to the MWM test results, and upregulated the CBF level of treated mice. The RNA-seq results indicate that LA affected the interleukin (IL)-17 signaling pathway, which is related to T- and B-cell proliferation, and the flow cytometry data suggest that LA promoted T- and B-cell proliferation in the spleen and whole blood. We also performed immune reconstruction via a tail vein injection of lymphocytes into B-NDG (NOD-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1/Bcge) mice before treating them with LA. We tested cognitive ability by subjecting these animals to new object recognition tests and quantified the splenic and whole blood T and B cells. Cognitive ability improved after immune reconstruction and LA treatment, and LA promoted T- and B-cell proliferation in the spleen and whole blood. This study demonstrates that LA, by activating the IL-17 signaling pathway, promotes T- and B-cell proliferation in the spleen and whole blood of mice and improves cognitive ability. Thus, LA may have immune-modulating therapeutic potential for improving cognition.
- Published
- 2021
25. Cytokines and apoptosis in atopic dermatitis
- Author
-
Ukasz Szymański, Martyna Ciepielak, Aleksandra Cios, and Wanda Stankiewicz
- Subjects
t cells ,T cells ,Dermatology ,Immunoglobulin E ,Atopy ,Pathogenesis ,Immune system ,Antigen ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Internal medicine ,Asthma ,Review Paper ,biology ,atopic dermatitis ,business.industry ,apoptosis ,Atopic dermatitis ,medicine.disease ,RC31-1245 ,cytokines ,RL1-803 ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. AD affects 10–20% of children worldwide and persists into adulthood in a minority of cases, affecting approximately 2–3% of the adult population, with an increased prevalence over the past decades in developed countries. Atopy is a genetic tendency to overproduce IgE class antibodies in response to common antigens found in the environment. Concurrence of different atopy such as allergic rhinitis or asthma in children with AD is estimated at 80%. AD is characterized by a vicious cycle of an allergic immune response. The emerging picture of the AD is a complex disorder with barrier dysfunction, immunological, genetic and environmental factors all playing key roles. Patients with severe or persistent disease and their families experience significant impairment in their quality of life, and in addition, AD places a heavy economic burden on society as a whole. Pathogenesis, the role of the epidermal barrier, mechanisms of cells apoptosis, the role of T cells and cytokines in AD are discussed in this article.
- Published
- 2021
26. ILT4 inhibition prevents TAM- and dysfunctional T cell-mediated immunosuppression and enhances the efficacy of anti-PD-L1 therapy in NSCLC with EGFR activation
- Author
-
Yan Zheng, Juan Li, Aiqin Gao, Wenjing Shi, Fang Zhang, Shuyun Wang, Yuying Fang, Zijiang Yang, Linlin Wang, Jingnan Wang, Yuping Sun, and Xiaozheng Chen
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Lung Neoplasms ,Carcinogenesis ,T-Lymphocytes ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,EGFR activation ,B7-H1 Antigen ,Carcinoma, Lewis Lung ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cell Movement ,Epidermal growth factor ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Tumor-Associated Macrophages ,RNA, Small Interfering ,Receptors, Immunologic ,Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous) ,Membrane Glycoproteins ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Chemistry ,Tumor Burden ,ErbB Receptors ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,ILT4 ,Female ,immunotherapy ,Signal Transduction ,Research Paper ,T cell ,T cells ,Mice, Nude ,Flow cytometry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immune system ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,non-small cell lung cancer ,Cell Proliferation ,Lewis lung carcinoma ,Immunotherapy ,Antibodies, Neutralizing ,030104 developmental biology ,Tumor progression ,Cancer research ,Tumor promotion - Abstract
Rationale: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) against the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway showed limited success in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, especially in those with activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying EGFR-mediated tumor immune escape and the development of effective immune therapeutics are urgently needed. Immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT) 4, a crucial immunosuppressive molecule initially identified in myeloid cells, is enriched in solid tumor cells and promotes the malignant behavior of NSCLC. However, the upstream regulation of ILT4 overexpression and its function in tumor immunity of NSCLC with EGFR activation remains unclear. Methods: ILT4 expression and EGFR phosphorylation in human NSCLC tissues and cell lines were analyzed using immunohistochemistry (IHC), real-time PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry. The molecular signaling for EGFR-regulated ILT4 expression was investigated using mRNA microarray and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database analyses and then confirmed by Western blotting. The regulation of tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis by ILT4 was examined by CCK8 proliferation and apoptosis assays. The impact of ILT4 and PD-L1 on tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) recruitment and polarization was evaluated using Transwell migration assay, flow cytometry, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real-time PCR, while their impact on T cell survival and cytotoxicity was analyzed by CFSE proliferation assay, apoptotic assay, flow cytometry, ELISA and cytolytic assay. Tumor immunotherapy models targeting at paired Ig-like receptor B (PIR-B, an ortholog of ILT4 in mouse)/ILT4 and/or PD-L1 were established in C57BL/6 mice inoculated with stable EGFR- overexpressing Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells and in humanized NSG mice inoculated with EGFR mutant, gefitinib-resistant PC9 (PC9-GR) or EGFR-overexpressing wild type H1299 cells. PIR-B and ILT4 inhibition was implemented by infection of specific knockdown lentivirus and PD-L1 was blocked using human/mouse neutralizing antibodies. The tumor growth model was established in NSG mice injected with PIR-B-downregulated LLC cells to evaluate the effect of PIR-B on tumor proliferation. The frequencies and phenotypes of macrophages and T cells in mouse spleens and blood were detected by flow cytometry while those in tumor tissues were determined by IHC and immunofluorescence. Results: We found that ILT4 expression in tumor cells was positively correlated with EGFR phosphorylation in human NSCLC tissues. Using NSCLC cell lines, we demonstrated that ILT4 was upregulated by both tyrosine kinase mutation-induced and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent EGFR activation and subsequent AKT/ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Overexpressed ILT4 in EGFR-activated tumor cells induced TAM recruitment and M2-like polarization, which impaired T cell function. ILT4 also directly inhibited T cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and IFN-γ expression and secretion. In EGFR-activated cell lines in vitro and in wild-type EGFR-activated C57BL/6 and humanized NSG immunotherapy models in vivo, either ILT4 (PIR-B) or PD-L1 inhibition enhanced anti-tumor immunity and suppressed tumor progression by counteracting TAM- and dysfunctional T cell- induced immuno-suppressive TME; the combined inhibition of both molecules showed the most dramatic tumor retraction. Surprisingly, in EGFR mutant, TKI resistant humanized NSG immunotherapy model, ILT4 inhibition alone rather than in combination with a PD-L1 inhibitor suppressed tumor growth and immune evasion. Conclusions: ILT4 was induced by activation of EGFR-AKT and ERK1/2 signaling in NSCLC cells. Overexpressed ILT4 suppressed tumor immunity by recruiting M2-like TAMs and impairing T cell response, while ILT4 inhibition prevented immunosuppression and tumor promotion. Furthermore, ILT4 inhibition enhanced the efficacy of PD-L1 inhibitor in EGFR wild-type but not in EGFR mutant NSCLC. Our study identified novel mechanisms for EGFR-mediated tumor immune escape, and provided promising immunotherapeutic strategies for patients with EGFR-activated NSCLC.
- Published
- 2021
27. First person - Fabrizia Zevolini.
- Subjects
CAREER development ,CYTOTOXIC T cells ,T cells - Abstract
This document is a first-person interview with Fabrizia Zevolini, the first author of a paper titled "Polo-like kinase 1 regulates immune synapse assembly and cytotoxic T cell function by driving microtubule dynamics." The paper discusses the role of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) in the assembly of the immune synapse, a cell-cell contact that cytotoxic T cells establish with their targets for effective killing. The study found that inhibiting PLK1 suppressed cytotoxic T cell function, highlighting a potential drawback of PLK1-targeted therapies. The author also discusses the challenges faced during the project and their motivation to pursue a career in science. The paper was published in the Journal of Cell Science, a prestigious journal that reaches a broad scientific community. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Different doses of ovalbumin exposure on dendritic cells determine their genetic/epigenetic regulation and T cell differentiation
- Author
-
Ying Wang, Pei Gao, Jinhui Wang, Yue Zhou, Shan Chen, Seong H. Cho, Wanting Zhu, Jianjun Chen, Junmei Fu, Yang Yuan, Zizhong Yu, Qing Cheng, Yun Zhu, Wenting Yu, Yanjun Wang, and Weijia Kong
- Subjects
Aging ,Ovalbumin ,T-Lymphocytes ,T cells ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,Mice ,Immune system ,Animals ,Epigenetics ,Gene ,signal pathway ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,biology ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Antigen processing ,Chemistry ,Cell Differentiation ,Cell Biology ,Dendritic Cells ,DNA Methylation ,allergy ,Coculture Techniques ,Cell biology ,Gene Expression Regulation ,T cell differentiation ,DNA methylation ,biology.protein ,Female ,Signal transduction ,RNA-seq ,Research Paper ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
It has been reported that allergen dosage can impact the differentiation of dendritic cells (DCs)-mediated T cells. However, the mechanisms of such dose-dependent differentiation are poorly understood. In this study, bone marrow-derived immature DCs stimulated with Ovalbumin (OVA) of different concentrations (0, 10, 100, 1000, 10000μg/ml, respectively). DCs were then co-cultured with naive T cells. RNA-sequencing detection and DNA methylation of DCs were performed. We show that when DCs were stimulated with low-dose (10μg/ml), 77 genes were up-regulated and 87 genes down-regulated. Most activated genes were related to ribosome synthesis and ion channel inhibition. At the medium-dose (100μg/ml), 339 genes were up-regulated and 168 genes down-regulated. Most activated genes involved cytokine synthesis and regulation of immune responses. At high-dose (10000μg/ml), 2497 genes were up-regulated and 1156 genes down-regulated. TNF signaling pathway, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, antigen processing and presentation signaling pathway were mostly up-regulated. The related co-stimulators, co-inhibitory molecules, inhibitory cytokines, negative regulating enzymes were highly expressed. The monocarbate, coenzyme, fatty acid, glucolipid, starch, sucrose and other metabolism-related signaling pathways were down-regulated. The profiles of DNA methylation and RNA synthesis of DCs varied with different doses of OVA, which serves to induce T cells to differentiate in various directions.
- Published
- 2020
29. Chlamydial Type III Secretion System Needle Protein Induces Protective Immunity against Chlamydia muridarum Intravaginal Infection.
- Author
-
Koroleva, Ekaterina A., Kobets, Natalie V., Shcherbinin, Dmitrii N., Zigangirova, Naylia A., Shmarov, Maxim M., Tukhvatulin, Amir I., Logunov, Denis Y., Naroditsky, Boris S., and Gintsburg, Alexander L.
- Subjects
INTRANASAL medication ,ANIMAL experimentation ,BACTERIAL antigens ,BACTERIAL vaccines ,CHLAMYDIA infections ,CHLAMYDIA trachomatis ,IMMUNE system ,IMMUNIZATION ,MICE ,NATURAL immunity ,PAPER chromatography ,PROTEINS ,RESEARCH funding ,T cells ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,SEROTYPES ,BACTERIAL antibodies ,TOLL-like receptors ,SEQUENCE analysis - Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis imposes serious health problems and causes infertility. Because of asymptomatic onset, it often escapes antibiotic treatment. Therefore, vaccines offer a better option for the prevention of unwanted inflammatory sequelae. The existence of serologically distinct serovars of C. trachomatis suggests that a vaccine will need to provide protection against multiple serovars. Chlamydia spp. use a highly conserved type III secretion system (T3SS) composed of structural and effector proteins which is an essential virulence factor. In this study, we expressed the T3SS needle protein of Chlamydia muridarum, TC_0037, an ortholog of C. trachomatis CdsF, in a replication-defective adenoviral vector (AdTC_0037) and evaluated its protective efficacy in an intravaginal Chlamydia muridarum model. For better immune responses, we employed a heterologous prime-boost immunization protocol in which mice were intranasally primed with AdTC_0037 and subcutaneously boosted with recombinant TC_0037 and Toll-like receptor 4 agonist monophosphoryl lipid A mixed in a squalene nanoscale emulsion. We found that immunization with TC_0037 antigen induced specific humoral and T cell responses, decreased Chlamydia loads in the genital tract, and abrogated pathology of upper genital organs. Together, our results suggest that TC_0037, a highly conserved chlamydial T3SS protein, is a good candidate for inclusion in a Chlamydia vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Influencing factors and solution strategies of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR--T) cell immunotherapy.
- Author
-
ZHENGYI WANG, LIANG ZHOU, and XIAOYING WU
- Subjects
CHIMERIC antigen receptors ,TUMOR antigens ,CANCER treatment ,T cells ,TUMOR microenvironment - Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cesll therapy (CAR--T) has achieved groundbreaking advancements in clinical application, ushering in a new era for innovative cancer treatment. However, the challenges associated with implementing this novel targeted cell therapy are increasingly significant. Particularly in the clinical management of solid tumors, obstacles such as the immunosuppressive effects of the tumor microenvironment, limited local tumor infiltration capability of CAR--T cells, heterogeneity of tumor targeting antigens, uncertainties surrounding CAR--T quality, control, and clinical adverse reactions have contributed to increased drug resistance and decreased compliance in tumor therapy. These factors have significantly impeded the widespread adoption and utilization of this therapeutic approach. In this paper, we comprehensively analyze recent preclinical and clinical reports on CAR--T therapy while summarizing crucial factors influencing its efficacy. Furthermore, we aim to identify existing solution strategies and explore their current research status. Through this review article, our objective is to broaden perspectives for further exploration into CAR--T therapy strategies and their clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. The role of long-lived plasma cells in viral clearance.
- Author
-
Mingran Zhang, Meili Li, and Junling Ma
- Subjects
BASIC reproduction number ,IMMUNOLOGIC memory ,PLASMA cells ,IMMUNE system ,T cells - Abstract
The adaptive immune system has two types of plasma cells (PC), long-lived plasma cells (LLPC) and short-lived plasma cells (SLPC), that differ in their lifespan. In this paper, we propose that LLPC is crucial to the clearance of viral particles in addition to reducing the viral basic reproduction number in secondary infections. We use a sequence of within-host mathematical models to show that, CD8 T cells, SLPC and memory B cells cannot achieve full viral clearance, and the viral load will reach a low positive equilibrium level because of a continuous replenishment of target cells. However, the presence of LLPC is crucial for viral clearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Molecular imaging reveals biodistribution of P-cadherin LP-DART bispecific and trafficking of adoptively transferred T cells in mouse xenograft model
- Author
-
Timothy Scott Fisher, Tracey Clark, Rand Norberg, Vijay Gupta, Chad May, Anand Giddabasappa, Justin Cohen, John David, and Adam Root
- Subjects
Biodistribution ,Bispecific antibody ,biology ,tumor targeting ,Chemistry ,CD3 ,T cells ,molecular imaging ,In vitro ,bispecific antibody ,Oncology ,Mouse xenograft ,In vivo ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Molecular imaging ,biodistribution ,human activities ,Research Paper - Abstract
P-cadherin-LP-DART is a bispecific antibody targeting P-cadherin expressed on the tumor cells and CD3 on the T-cells. Previously we demonstrated the development and efficacy of P-cadherin-LP-DART in in vitro and in vivo models. Here, we evaluated the three pillars: exposure, targeting specificity and pharmacodynamic modulation for P-cadherin-LP-DART using fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT). Bispecific antibodies and T-cells were conjugated with a near-infrared fluorophores: VivoTag®680XL (VT680) and CellVue®NIR815 (CV815), respectively. In vitro binding and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte assay demonstrated that P-cadherin-LP-DART significantly retained its properties after VT680 conjugation. In vivo FMT imaging was performed to determine the bispecific biodistribution and T-cell trafficking in HCT-116 xenograft model. Peak tumor exposure (2.71%ID) was observed at 96 hr post-injection with measurable quantity even at 240 hr (1.46%ID) (Pillar 1). P-cadherin-LP-DART accumulation in tumor was 20-25 fold higher compared to Control-LP-DART demonstrating the targeting specificity (Pillar 2). Imaging after engraftment of CV815 labeled T-cells showed P-cadherin-LP-DART mediated T-cell trafficking in tumors (Pillar 3). This study harnessed the multichannel capability of FMT and demonstrated the targeting of drug and trafficking of T cells to tumors, simultaneously. Our results show the impact of molecular imaging in demonstrating three pillars of pharmacology, longitudinally and non-invasively.
- Published
- 2020
33. T cell infiltration in both human multiple system atrophy and a novel mouse model of the disease
- Author
-
Ashley S. Harms, Woong-Jai Won, David G. Standaert, David J. Marmion, Jeffrey H. Kordower, Asta Jurkuvenaite, Gregory P. Williams, and Aubrey M Schonhoff
- Subjects
Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,T-Lymphocytes ,T cell ,Central nervous system ,T cells ,Biology ,Monocytes ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Alpha-synuclein ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Immune system ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Neuroinflammation ,Neurons ,Original Paper ,Microglia ,Oligodendrocytes ,Neurodegeneration ,Brain ,Parkinson Disease ,Multiple system atrophy ,medicine.disease ,Oligodendrocyte ,nervous system diseases ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,Oligodendroglia ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Demyelination ,CD8 - Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in oligodendrocytes accompanied by inflammation, demyelination, and subsequent synapse and neuronal loss. Little is known about the mechanisms of neurodegeneration in MSA. However, recent work has highlighted the important role of the immune system to the pathophysiology of other synuclein-related diseases such as Parkinson’s disease. In this study, we investigated postmortem brain tissue from MSA patients and control subjects for evidence of immune activation in the brain. We found a significant increase of HLA-DR+ microglia in the putamen and substantia nigra of MSA patient tissue compared to controls, as well as significant increases in CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells in these same brain regions. To model MSA in vivo, we utilized a viral vector that selectively overexpresses α-syn in oligodendrocytes (Olig001-SYN) with > 95% tropism in the dorsal striatum of mice, resulting in demyelination and neuroinflammation similar to that observed in human MSA. Oligodendrocyte transduction with this vector resulted in a robust inflammatory response, which included increased MHCII expression on central nervous system (CNS) resident microglia, and infiltration of pro-inflammatory monocytes into the CNS. We also observed robust infiltration of CD4 T cells into the CNS and antigen-experienced CD4 T cells in the draining cervical lymph nodes. Importantly, genetic deletion of TCR-β or CD4 T cells attenuated α-syn-induced inflammation and demyelination in vivo. These results suggest that T cell priming and infiltration into the CNS are key mechanisms of disease pathogenesis in MSA, and therapeutics targeting T cells may be disease modifying. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00401-020-02126-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2020
34. Autophagy-lysosome inhibitor chloroquine prevents CTLA-4 degradation of T cells and attenuates acute rejection in murine skin and heart transplantation
- Author
-
Lang Jiang, Hao Zhang, Jikai Cui, Yanqiang Zou, Jiahong Xia, Jing Zhao, Shanshan Chen, Jie Wu, Jizhang Yu, Sheng Le, and Heng Xu
- Subjects
Graft Rejection ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,T cell ,medicine.medical_treatment ,T cells ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Mice, Transgenic ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,030230 surgery ,Protein degradation ,Lymphocyte Activation ,Cell Line ,Interferon-gamma ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Autophagy ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Cytotoxic T cell ,CTLA-4 Antigen ,Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous) ,Heart transplantation ,business.industry ,Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 ,Graft Survival ,Chloroquine ,Skin Transplantation ,medicine.disease ,Immune checkpoint ,Transplant rejection ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,CTLA-4 ,Proteolysis ,Cancer research ,Heart Transplantation ,Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ,Lysosomes ,business ,CD8 ,Research Paper - Abstract
Background: The immune checkpoint cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), induced upon T cell activation but degraded quickly, has been targeted in the clinical therapy of advanced cancers and autoimmune diseases. However, whether inhibiting CTLA-4 degradation ameliorates transplant rejection remains unknown. Methods: The CTLA-4 expression in activated murine T cells treated with the inhibitors mediating protein degradation was detected by flow cytometry (FCM). CD45.1 mice, which received TEa T cells and underwent heart transplantation, were administrated with the inhibitor. Subsequently, CTLA-4 expression of TEa T cells was analyzed. Murine skin and heart transplantation models were built, then the survival and histopathology of the allografts, and T cell subsets in the spleens of each group were compared. Results: Chloroquine (CQ) was identified as an inhibitor of CTLA-4 degradation, which augmented both surface and total CTLA-4 expression in T cells. It considerably prolonged the skin and heart allograft survival time and reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells in allografts. Besides decreasing the frequencies of the CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells, especially IFN-γ producing T cells, CQ also increased the proportion of regulatory T cells in the spleen. The CTLA-4 blockade abrogated the benefits of CQ on the survival of heart allografts. Moreover, CQ enhanced CTLA-4 expression in activated human T cells and reduced the secretion of IFN-γ in human mixed lymphocyte reaction. Conclusion: Targeting CTLA-4 degradation provides a novel means to prevent transplant rejection and induce transplant tolerance.
- Published
- 2020
35. Practice parameters for diagnosing and managing iodinated contrast media hypersensitivity
- Author
-
Francesco Gaeta, Esther Moreno, Ingrid Böhm, Kathrin Scherer, Sevim Bavbek, María José Torres, Josefina Cernadas, Hye Ryun Kang, Anca Mirela Chiriac, Annick Barbaud, Patrizia Bonadonna, Knut Brockow, Ana Giménez-Arnau, and Axel Trautmann
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Drug ,Hypersensitivity, Immediate ,Allergy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,diagnosis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Immunology ,Provocation test ,T cells ,Iodine Compounds ,Contrast Media ,610 Medicine & health ,Iodinated contrast media ,Drug Hypersensitivity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,Hypersensitivity, Delayed ,Intensive care medicine ,media_common ,Skin Tests ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,allergy ,030104 developmental biology ,030228 respiratory system ,Tolerability ,Position paper ,Premedication ,IgE ,hypersensitivity ,business ,management - Abstract
Immediate and non-immediate hypersensitivity reactions to iodinated contrast media (ICM) have been reported to occur in a frequency of about 0.5-3% of patients receiving non-ionic ICM. The diagnosis and management of these patients varies among guidelines published by various national and international scientific societies, with recommendations ranging from avoidance or premedication to drug provocation test. This position paper aims to give recommendations for the management of patients with ICM hypersensitivity reactions and analyze controversies in this area. Skin tests are recommended as the initial step for diagnosing patients with immediate and non-immediate hypersensitivity reactions; besides, they may also help guide on tolerability of alternatives. Reexposition or drug provocation test should only be done with skin test-negative ICMs.The decision for performing either reexposition or drug provocation test needs to be taken based on a risk-benefit analysis. The role of in vitro tests for diagnosis and pretreatment for preventing reactions remains controversial.
- Published
- 2021
36. T cells and immune functions of plasma extracellular vesicles are differentially modulated from adults to centenarians
- Author
-
Ainhoa Alberro, Ander Matheu, Adolfo López de Munain, Maider Muñoz-Culla, Lucía Sepúlveda, Gorka Fernández-Eulate, David Otaegui, Iñaki Osorio-Querejeta, Susana Carregal-Romero, Matías Sáenz-Cuesta, Maider Mateo-Abad, and Itziar Vergara
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,T cell ,T-Lymphocytes ,T cells ,Stimulation ,Biology ,Lymphocyte Activation ,Peripheral blood mononuclear cell ,Extracellular Vesicles ,Immune system ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,immunosenescence ,Aged, 80 and over ,aging ,Cell Biology ,Immunosenescence ,Middle Aged ,Cell biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cytokine secretion ,Female ,centenarians ,extracellular vesicles (EVs) ,Cell activation ,CD8 ,Research Paper - Abstract
Aging is a universal and complex process that affects all tissues and cells types, including immune cells, in a process known as immunosenescence. However, many aspects of immunosenescence are not completely understood, as the characteristics of the immune cells of nonagenarians and centenarians or the features and implications of extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study, we analyzed blood samples from 51 individuals aged 20-49 and 70-104 years. We found that senescent CD8 cells accumulate with age, while there is a partial reduction of senescent CD4 cells in nonagenarians and centenarians. Moreover, plasma EVs carry T cell specific markers, but no accumulation of "senescent-like EVs" was found within any of analyzed age groups. Our functional studies of cocultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and EVs showed that EVs enhance T cell viability and, under phytohemagglutinin stimulation, they influence cytokine secretion and cell activation in an age-dependent manner. These results underline the importance of EVs on the immune system functioning, and open new perspectives to further study their implication in human aging.
- Published
- 2019
37. Retinal drusen in patients with chronic myeloproliferative blood cancers are associated with an increased proportion of senescent T cells and signs of an aging immune system
- Author
-
Charlotte Liisborg, Vibe Skov, Lasse Kjær, Hans Carl Hasselbalch, and Torben Lykke Sørensen
- Subjects
Male ,immunosenescence ,Aging ,Myeloproliferative Disorders ,genetic structures ,chronic low-grade inflammation ,drusen ,T cells ,Cell Differentiation ,Retinal Drusen ,Cell Biology ,eye diseases ,myeloproliferative neoplasms ,Macular Degeneration ,Memory T Cells ,Immune System ,Neoplasms ,Humans ,Female ,sense organs ,age-related macular degeneration ,Biomarkers ,Cellular Senescence ,Aged ,Research Paper - Abstract
The cause of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is unknown, but evidence indicates that both innate and adaptive immunity play a role in the pathogenesis. Our recent work has investigated AMD in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) since they have increased drusen and AMD prevalence. We have previously found increased levels of chronic low-grade inflammation (CLI) in MPN patients with drusen (MPNd) compared to MPN patients with normal retinas (MPNn). CLI and AMD are both associated with aging, and we, therefore, wanted to study immunosenescence markers in MPNd, MPNn, and AMD. The purpose was to identify differences between MPNd and MPNn, which might reveal novel information relevant to drusen pathophysiology and thereby the AMD pathogenesis. Our results suggest that MPNd have a T cell differentiation profile resembling AMD and more effector memory T cells than MPNn. The senescence-associated-secretory-phenotype (SASP) is associated with effector T cells. SASP is thought to play a role in driving CLI seen with advancing age. Senescent cells with SASP may damage healthy tissue, including the eye tissues affected in AMD. The finding of increased effector cells in MPNd could implicate a role for adaptive immunity and senescent T cells together with increased CLI in drusen pathophysiology.
- Published
- 2021
38. Peritumoral CD90+CD73+ cells possess immunosuppressive features in human non-small cell lung cancer
- Author
-
Ralph A. Schmid, Carlos Wotzkow, Wolfgang Sommergruber, Nathalie Harrer, Thomas M. Marti, Haitang Yang, Ren-Wang Peng, Sabina Berezowska, Sean Hall, Fabian Blank, Patrick Dorn, Gregor J. Kocher, and Limei Wang
- Subjects
Medicine (General) ,Research paper ,Lung Neoplasms ,Stroma ,T-Lymphocyte Subsets ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Databases, Genetic ,Tumor Microenvironment ,610 Medicine & health ,5'-Nucleotidase ,General Medicine ,Immunohistochemistry ,Extracellular Matrix ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Medicine ,Lung cancer ,PD-L1 ,Stromal cell ,T cell ,T cells ,Biology ,GPI-Linked Proteins ,Models, Biological ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Immunophenotyping ,Immunomodulation ,R5-920 ,Immune system ,medicine ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Humans ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,TGFβ1 ,Cancer ,Computational Biology ,Gene signature ,medicine.disease ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,Thy-1 Antigens ,Stromal Cells ,Transcriptome ,Immunosuppression ,Biomarkers - Abstract
BACKGROUND Although T cell abundance in solid tumours is associated with better outcomes, it also correlates with a stroma-mediated source of immune suppression driven by TGF��1 and poor overall survival. Whether this also is observed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unknown. METHODS We utilized molecular analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) NSLCC cohort to correlate immune activation (IA) gene expression and extracellular matrix/stromal (ECM/stromal) gene expression with patient survival. In an independent cohort of NSCLC samples, we used flow cytometry to identify mesenchymal subsets and ex vivo functional studies to characterize their immune regulatory function. FINDINGS We observed a high enrichment in a core set of genes defining an IA gene expression signature in NSCLC across TCGA Pan-cancer cohort. High IA signature score correlates with enrichment of ECM/stromal gene signature across TCGA NSCLC datasets. Importantly, a higher ratio of ECM/stromal to IA gene signature score was associated with shorter overall survival. In tumours resected from a separate cohort of NSCLC patients, we identified CD90+CD73+ peritumoral cells that were enriched in the ECM/stromal gene signature, which was amplified by TGF��1. IFN�� and TNF��-primed peritumoral CD90+CD73+ cells upregulate immune checkpoint molecules PD-L1 and IDO1 and secrete an array of cytokines/chemokines including TGF��1. Finally, immune primed peritumoral CD90+CD73+ cells suppress T cell function, which was relieved following combined blockade of PD-L1 and TGF��1 with IDO1 inhibition but not PD-L1 or anti-CD73 alone. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that targeting PD-L1 together with independent biological features of the stroma may enhance host antitumor immunity in NSCLC. FUNDING LW and HY are supported by a 4-year China Scholarship Council award. This work was funded, in part, by a grant from the Cancer League of Bern, Switzerland to SRRH. Laser scanning microscopy imaging was funded by the R'Equip grant from the Swiss National Science Foundation Nr. 316030_145003.
- Published
- 2021
39. TB and HIV induced immunosenescence: where do vaccines play a role?
- Author
-
Singh, Mona, Patel, Bhumika, Seo, Michael, Ahn, Phillip, Wais, Nejma, Shen, Haley, Nakka, SriHarsha, Kishore, Priya, and Venketaraman, Vishwanath
- Subjects
HIV infection complications ,TUBERCULOSIS complications ,T cells ,MICROBIAL virulence ,ANTIRETROVIRAL agents ,BCG vaccines ,HIV-positive persons ,DNA ,DNA methylation ,AGING ,DRUG efficacy ,INFLAMMATION ,MIXED infections ,BIOMARKERS - Abstract
This paper tackles the complex interplay between Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infections, particularly their contribution to immunosenescence, the age-related decline in immune function. Using the current literature, we discuss the immunological mechanisms behind TB and HIV-induced immunosenescence and critically evaluate the BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine's role. Both HIV-1 and M. tuberculosis demonstrably accelerate immunosenescence: M. tuberculosis through DNA modification and heightened inflammation, and HIV-1 through chronic immune activation and T cell production compromise. HIV-1 and M. tuberculosis co-infection further hastens immunosenescence by affecting T cell differentiation, underscoring the need for prevention and treatment. Furthermore, the use of the BCG tuberculosis vaccine is contraindicated in patients who are HIV positive and there is a lack of investigation regarding the use of this vaccine in patients who develop HIV co-infection with possible immunosenescence. As HIV does not currently have a vaccine, we focus our review more so on the BCG vaccine response as a result of immunosenescence. We found that there are overall limitations with the BCG vaccine, one of which is that it cannot necessarily prevent re-occurrence of infection due to effects of immunosenescence or protect the elderly due to this reason. Overall, there is conflicting evidence to show the vaccine's usage due to factors involving its production and administration. Further research into developing a vaccine for HIV and improving the BCG vaccine is warranted to expand scientific understanding for public health and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Investigating the effects of radiation, T cell depletion, and bone marrow transplantation on murine gut microbiota.
- Author
-
Kreisinger, Jakub, Dooley, James, Singh, Kailash, Čížková, Dagmar, Schmiedová, Lucie, Bendová, Barbora, Liston, Adrian, and Moudra, Alena
- Subjects
BONE marrow transplantation ,T cells ,GUT microbiome ,BACTEROIDES fragilis ,RADIATION ,CECUM - Abstract
Microbiome research has gained much attention in recent years as the importance of gut microbiota in regulating host health becomes increasingly evident. However, the impact of radiation on the microbiota in the murine bone marrow transplantation model is still poorly understood. In this paper, we present key findings from our study on how radiation, followed by bone marrow transplantation with or without T cell depletion, impacts the microbiota in the ileum and caecum. Our findings show that radiation has different effects on the microbiota of the two intestinal regions, with the caecum showing increased interindividual variation, suggesting an impaired ability of the host to regulate microbial symbionts, consistent with the Anna Karenina principle. Additionally, we observed changes in the ileum composition, including an increase in bacterial taxa that are important modulators of host health, such as Akkermansia and Faecalibaculum. In contrast, radiation in the caecum was associated with an increased abundance of several common commensal taxa in the gut, including Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroides. Finally, we found that high doses of radiation had more substantial effects on the caecal microbiota of the T-cell-depleted group than that of the non-T-cell-depleted group. Overall, our results contribute to a better understanding of the complex relationship between radiation and the gut microbiota in the context of bone marrow transplantation and highlight the importance of considering different intestinal regions when studying microbiome responses to environmental stressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. A Review of CAR-T Combination Therapies for Treatment of Gynecological Cancers.
- Author
-
Olifirenko, Valentina and Barlev, Nikolai A.
- Subjects
T cells ,T-cell exhaustion ,CANCER treatment ,ONCOLYTIC virotherapy ,TUMOR treatment ,CANCER remission - Abstract
CAR-T cell therapy offers a promising way for prolonged cancer remission, specifically in the case of blood cancers. However, its application in the treatment of solid tumors still faces many limitations. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges and strategies associated with CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors, with a focus on gynecological cancer. This study discusses the limitations of CAR-T therapy for solid tumor treatment, such as T cell exhaustion, stromal barrier, and antigen shedding. Additionally, it addresses possible approaches to increase CAR-T efficacy in solid tumors, including combination therapies with checkpoint inhibitors and chemotherapy, as well as the novel approach of combining CAR-T with oncolytic virotherapy. Given the lack of comprehensive research on CAR-T combination therapies for treating gynecological cancers, this review aims to provide insights into the current landscape of combination therapies for solid tumors and highlight the potential of such an approach in gynecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Bi-specific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) in prostate cancer and strategies to enhance development: hope for a BiTE-r future.
- Author
-
Lampe, Harriet, Tam, Laura, and Hansen, Aaron R.
- Subjects
PROSTATE cancer ,T cells ,TUMOR microenvironment ,SNAKEBITES ,BISPECIFIC antibodies ,ANTIBODY titer ,SURVIVAL rate - Abstract
Metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) continues to have poor survival rates due to limited treatment options. Bi-specific T cell engagers (BiTEs) are a promising class of novel immunotherapies with demonstrated success in haematological malignancies and melanoma. BiTEs developed for tumour associated antigens in prostate cancer have entered clinical testing. These trials have been hampered by high rates of treatment related adverse events, minimal or transient anti-tumour efficacy and generation of high titres of anti-drug antibodies. This paper aims to analyse the challenges faced by the different BiTE therapy constructs and the mCRPC tumour microenvironment that result in therapeutic resistance and identify possible strategies to overcome these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Epstein-Barr Virus Lytic Transcripts Correlate with the Degree of Myocardial Inflammation in Heart Failure Patients.
- Author
-
Baumeier, Christian, Harms, Dominik, Altmann, Britta, Aleshcheva, Ganna, Wiegleb, Gordon, Bock, Thomas, Escher, Felicitas, and Schultheiss, Heinz-Peter
- Subjects
EPSTEIN-Barr virus ,HEART failure patients ,T cells ,INFLAMMATION ,NUCLEOTIDE sequencing ,IMMUNOSTAINING ,GENETIC transcription - Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is frequently found in endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) from patients with heart failure, but the detection of EBV-specific DNA has not been associated with progressive hemodynamic deterioration. In this paper, we investigate the use of targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) to detect EBV transcripts and their correlation with myocardial inflammation in EBV-positive patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Forty-four HFrEF patients with positive EBV DNA detection and varying degrees of myocardial inflammation were selected. EBV-specific transcripts from EMBs were enriched using a custom hybridization capture-based workflow and, subsequently, sequenced by NGS. The short-read sequencing revealed the presence of EBV-specific transcripts in 17 patients, of which 11 had only latent EBV genes and 6 presented with lytic transcription. The immunohistochemical staining for CD3
+ T lymphocytes showed a significant increase in the degree of myocardial inflammation in the presence of EBV lytic transcripts, suggesting a possible influence on the clinical course. These results imply the important role of EBV lytic transcripts in the pathogenesis of inflammatory heart disease and emphasize the applicability of targeted NGS in EMB diagnostics as a basis for specific treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The Role of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis.
- Author
-
Bakinowska, Estera, Bratborska, Aleksandra Wiktoria, Kiełbowski, Kajetan, Ćmil, Maciej, Biniek, Wojciech Jerzy, and Pawlik, Andrzej
- Subjects
STROMAL cells ,RHEUMATOID arthritis ,JOINT diseases ,T cells ,INFLAMMATION ,CARTILAGE cells ,OSTEOCLASTOGENESIS - Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease characterised by the formation of a hyperplastic pannus, as well as cartilage and bone damage. The pathogenesis of RA is complex and involves broad interactions between various cells present in the inflamed synovium, including fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), macrophages, and T cells, among others. Under inflammatory conditions, these cells are activated, further enhancing inflammatory responses and angiogenesis and promoting bone and cartilage degradation. Novel treatment methods for RA are greatly needed, and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been suggested as a promising new regenerative and immunomodulatory treatment. In this paper, we present the interactions between MSCs and RA-FLSs, and macrophages and T cells, and summarise studies examining the use of MSCs in preclinical and clinical RA studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Seasonal changes and sex differences in peripheral blood γδ T and iNKT cells in healthy Polish adults.
- Author
-
Karamus, Kornelia, Szychta, Pawel, Lehman, Natalia, Kowalska, Wioleta, Bojarska-Junak, Agnieszka, and Zarobkiewicz, Michal Konrad
- Subjects
T cells ,POLISH people ,VITAMIN D receptors ,SEASONS ,CELL populations - Abstract
Vitamin D regulates not only bone metabolism but also many other processes, including the functioning of lymphocytes. Human T cells have a nuclear receptor for vitamin D (VDR). Studies to date have shown significant seasonal variations in conventional T cell populations in humans living in temperate climates. Objectives. The aim of the current paper was an assessment of seasonal changes of γδ T and iNKT cells in healthy individuals. Material and methods. Peripheral blood was drawn from healthy volunteers – approx. 20 a month – and an additional cohort of 20 volunteers donated blood four times, once every four months. Percentages of γδ T and iNKT cells was assessed with flow cytometry. Results. A pronounced accumulation of iNKT cells was noted in spring, the differences in γδ T cells were less notable. Vitamin D significantly hampers γδ T proliferation in vitro. Conclusions. In the presented article, we show seasonal variability within two populations of unconventional T lymphocytes – γδ T and iNKT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Advances in research on factors affecting chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell efficacy.
- Author
-
Zhou, Delian, Zhu, Xiaojian, and Xiao, Yi
- Subjects
CHIMERIC antigen receptors ,T cells ,CANCER invasiveness ,TUMOR microenvironment ,CELL anatomy - Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy is becoming an effective technique for the treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies. After analyzing patients with tumor progression and sustained remission after CAR‐T cell therapy, many factors were found to be associated with the efficacy of CAR‐T therapy. This paper reviews the factors affecting the effect of CAR‐T such as tumor characteristics, tumor microenvironment and immune function of patients, CAR‐T cell structure, construction method and in vivo expansion values, lymphodepletion chemotherapy, and previous treatment, and provides a preliminary outlook on the corresponding therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Pericytes Are Immunoregulatory Cells in Glioma Genesis and Progression.
- Author
-
Martinez-Morga, Marta, Garrigos, Daniel, Rodriguez-Montero, Elena, Pombero, Ana, Garcia-Lopez, Raquel, and Martinez, Salvador
- Subjects
PERICYTES ,GLIOMAS ,IMMUNOCOMPETENT cells ,TUMOR growth ,GLIOBLASTOMA multiforme ,T cells - Abstract
Vascular co-option is a consequence of the direct interaction between perivascular cells, known as pericytes (PCs), and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells (GBMcs). This process is essential for inducing changes in the pericytes' anti-tumoral and immunoreactive phenotypes. Starting from the initial stages of carcinogenesis in GBM, PCs conditioned by GBMcs undergo proliferation, acquire a pro-tumoral and immunosuppressive phenotype by expressing and secreting immunosuppressive molecules, and significantly hinder the activation of T cells, thereby facilitating tumor growth. Inhibiting the pericyte (PC) conditioning mechanisms in the GBM tumor microenvironment (TME) results in immunological activation and tumor disappearance. This underscores the pivotal role of PCs as a key cell in the TME, responsible for tumor-induced immunosuppression and enabling GBM cells to evade the immune system. Other cells within the TME, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and microglia, have also been identified as contributors to this immunomodulation. In this paper, we will review the role of these three cell types in the immunosuppressive properties of the TME. Our conclusion is that the cellular heterogeneity of immunocompetent cells within the TME may lead to the misinterpretation of cellular lineage identification due to different reactive stages and the identification of PCs as TAMs. Consequently, novel therapies could be developed to disrupt GBM-PC interactions and/or PC conditioning through vascular co-option, thereby exposing GBMcs to the immune system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Bibliometric analysis on the structure and function of IL17.
- Author
-
Yan, Wenxia, Li, Minglu, and Zhang, Liyun
- Subjects
T cells ,RESEARCH funding ,CELLULAR signal transduction ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,MEDICAL research ,CYTOKINES ,DATA analysis software ,INTERLEUKINS - Abstract
Background: Interleukin17 (IL17) is an important cytokine in host defense at mucosal surfaces and also mediates many autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In recent years, many types of research relevant to the structure and function of IL17 have been identified. However, there is no bibliometric analysis in this research field. This study aims to explore the history, research hotspots, and emerging trends of IL17 from the perspective of the structure and function dynamics. Methods: Articles relevant to IL17 in the last two decades were retrieved through the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. The bibliometric analysis was performed by VOSview. Results: A total of 882 papers in this research were analyzed from 65 countries, and the rate of published articles has increased from 2008 annually, with the USA, China, and Germany leading the research effort. Frontiers in Immunology has significantly impacted research in this field and the University of Pittsburgh was the leading institution. Gaffen, Sarah L. from the University of Pittsburgh was the most productive researcher in this field and Papp Ka from the Probity Medical Research Incorporate of Canada is the most co-cited author. The analysis of keywords showed that inflammation, expression, Th17 cells, and cytokines were the main hotspots and frontier directions of IL17. The trend of clinical application in the future is the development of new therapy drugs based on the structure of IL17 or IL17 signaling pathway molecular. Conclusions: Our research summarized the developments and research trends of IL17 and would help researchers understand the research status of IL17 and provide a reference for future researchers as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in cancer: therapeutic targets to overcome tumor immune evasion.
- Author
-
Lu, Junli, Luo, Yiming, Rao, Dean, Wang, Tiantian, Lei, Zhen, Chen, Xiaoping, Zhang, Bixiang, Li, Yiwei, Liu, Bifeng, Xia, Limin, and Huang, Wenjie
- Subjects
MYELOID-derived suppressor cells ,MYELOID cells ,DRUG target ,T cells ,ANIMAL experimentation - Abstract
Paradoxically, tumor development and progression can be inhibited and promoted by the immune system. After three stages of immune editing, namely, elimination, homeostasis and escape, tumor cells are no longer restricted by immune surveillance and thus develop into clinical tumors. The mechanisms of immune escape include abnormalities in antitumor-associated immune cells, selection for immune resistance to tumor cells, impaired transport of T cells, and the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. A population of distinct immature myeloid cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), mediate immune escape primarily by exerting immunosuppressive effects and participating in the constitution of an immunosuppressive microtumor environment. Clinical trials have found that the levels of MDSCs in the peripheral blood of cancer patients are strongly correlated with tumor stage, metastasis and prognosis. Moreover, animal experiments have confirmed that elimination of MDSCs inhibits tumor growth and metastasis to some extent. Therefore, MDSCs may become the target of immunotherapy for many cancers, and eliminating MDSCs can help improve the response rate to cancer treatment and patient survival. However, a clear definition of MDSCs and the specific mechanism involved in immune escape are lacking. In this paper, we review the role of the MDSCs population in tumor development and the mechanisms involved in immune escape in different tumor contexts. In addition, we discuss the use of these cells as targets for tumor immunotherapy. This review not only contributes to a systematic and comprehensive understanding of the essential role of MDSCs in immune system reactions against tumors but also provides information to guide the development of cancer therapies targeting MDSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Dynamic analysis and optimal control of a fractional order HIV/HTLV co-infection model with HIV-specific antibody immune response.
- Author
-
Ruiqing Shi and Yihong Zhang
- Subjects
PONTRYAGIN'S minimum principle ,T cells ,ANTIBODY formation ,MIXED infections ,HTLV ,IMMUNE response ,HIV - Abstract
In this paper, a fractional order HIV/HTLV co-infection model with HIV-specific antibody immune response is established. Two cases are considered: constant control and optimal control. For the constant control system, the existence and uniqueness of the positive solutions are proved, and then the sufficient conditions for the existence and stability of five equilibriums are obtained. For the second case, the Pontryagin's Maximum Principle is used to analyze the optimal control, and the formula of the optimal solution are derived. After that, some numerical simulations are performed to validate the theoretical prediction. Numerical simulations indicate that in the case of HIV/HTLV co-infection, the concentration of CD4
+ T cells is no longer suitable as an effective reference data for understanding the development process of the disease. On the contrary, the number of HIV virus particles should be used as an important indicator for reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.