1,572 results
Search Results
2. Papers, please! The effect of birth registration on child labor and education in early 20th century USA.
- Author
-
Fagernäs, Sonja
- Subjects
- *
BIRTH certificate laws , *BIRTH certificates , *UNITED States education system , *CHILD labor , *EDUCATIONAL attainment , *HISTORY , *TWENTIETH century , *HISTORY of education ,HISTORY of the United States census - Abstract
A birth certificate establishes a child's legal identity and age, but few quantitative estimates of the significance of birth registration exist. Birth registration laws were enacted by U.S. states in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Using 1910-1930 census data, this study finds that minimum working age legislation was twice as effective in reducing under-aged employment if children had been born with a birth registration law, with positive implications for school attendance. There is some evidence that registration laws also improved the enforcement of schooling laws for younger children. A retrospective analysis with the 1960 census shows that the long-term effect of registration laws was to increase educational attainment by approximately 0.1 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. WHAT'S IN A RESOLUTION: State Arts Councils Offer Position Paper Regarding the Arts and Education in American Schools.
- Author
-
Olds, Jack E.
- Subjects
LEGISLATIVE resolutions ,ART commissions ,ARTS education ,ARTS & society ,UNITED States education system ,EDUCATION policy ,EDUCATIONAL quality ,SCHOOLS - Abstract
The article focuses on the resolution, submitted by the North American Assembly of State Arts Agencies, regarding arts and education in the U.S. The resolution aims to create a better learning environment for students and to support the teachers working toward better educational quality in American schools. The North American Assembly believes that arts are fundamental in American public education to encourage an open society and that they give way to the acceptance of cultural democracy. In addition, the committee considers an open teaching method in schools as a way to nurture students' capacities.
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Paper Recycling Reaches All-Time High.
- Author
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Ursery, Stephen
- Subjects
PAPER recycling ,WASTE recycling -- Social aspects ,UNITED States education system ,ENVIRONMENTALISM - Abstract
The article focuses on the increased paper recycling rate in the U.S. in 2010. It mentions the findings of the American Forest & Paper Association (AF&PA), which revealed that the paper recycling rate for 2010 reached 63.5 percent from 63.4 percent in 2009. It adds that the paper recycling increase in the U.S. can be caused by three factors, namely education, access, and the public's growing desire to be green.
- Published
- 2011
5. The Demand for Higher Education in the U.S.: A Survey and Some Additional Results.
- Author
-
Cohn, Elchanan
- Subjects
SURVEYS ,HIGHER education ,UNITED States education system ,WORKING papers ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,POSTSECONDARY education - Abstract
The article focuses on a survey on the demand for higher education in the U.S. A survey of studies on the demand for higher education circa 1975, made at the University of South Carolina, shows that two approaches have been taken in attempts to assess its magnitudes, one sociological and the other economic. In the investigation, a synthesis of the two approaches is presented and the information from the studies is supplemented by additional evidence from cross-section and time-series data for the U.S. and for South Carolina. The survey of some 18 studies, spanning the period 1965-75, is presented in chronological order, with the main results of the various studies provided in tabular form. The survey occupies the first section of Working Paper No. 76-6 of the Center for Studies in Human Resource Economics, College of Business Administration, University of South Carolina. The working paper gives a detailed report of the investigation. The second section of the paper examines additional cross-sectional data for all South Carolina counties and for the 50 states.
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Two Masters of the Sword: A Position Paper on Accountability.
- Author
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Conable, Daniel B.
- Subjects
UNITED States education system ,LEARNING ,REPORT cards ,SCHOOLS - Abstract
Discusses the education system in the United States. History of the education system of the U.S.; Purpose of schools in the U.S.; Emphasis on learning rather than teaching; Promotion of skills checklist form of report card; Alienation of people of the U.S. from teaching institutions.
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Three Reaction Papers: Realities and Remedies.
- Author
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Slavin, Robert E. and Bossert, Steven T.
- Subjects
UNITED States education system ,EDUCATIONAL standards ,EXECUTIVE advisory bodies ,EDUCATORS ,TEACHERS - Abstract
The article focuses on comments of some educators to the report "A Nation at Risk," issued by the National Commission Excellence in Education. The education system in the U.S. seems to be deteriorating. The report recommends to raise standards in educations by recruiting qualified teachers. It is felt by some educators that the report would be successful, if it generates public opinion against accepting mediocre education being provided in American schools.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Growing Income Inequality in the United States and Other Advanced Economies.
- Author
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Hoffmann, Florian, Lee, David S., and Lemieux, Thomas
- Subjects
INCOME inequality ,UNITED States education system ,LABOR supply ,LABOR market ,WOMEN'S employment - Abstract
This paper studies the contribution of both labor and non-labor income in the growth in income inequality in the United States and large European economies. The paper first shows that the capital to labor income ratio disproportionately increased among high-earnings individuals, further contributing to the growth in overall income inequality. That said, the magnitude of this effect is modest, and the predominant driver of the growth in income inequality in recent decades is the growth in labor earnings inequality. Far more important than the distinction between total income and labor income, is the way in which educational factors account for the growth in US labor and capital income inequality. Growing income gaps among different education groups as well as composition effects linked to a growing fraction of highly educated workers have been driving these effects, with a noticeable role of occupational and locational factors for women. Findings for large European economies indicate that inequality has been growing fast in Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom, though not in France. Capital income and education don't play as much as a role in these countries as in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. RESEARCH GALORE!
- Subjects
UNITED States education system ,RESEARCH papers (Students) ,SCHOLARS ,COMPUTER network resources - Abstract
The article offers information on a website located at Academia.edu for academics in the U.S. to share research papers.
- Published
- 2015
10. happenings.
- Subjects
- *
UNITED States education system , *PAPER products , *CONSERVATION of natural resources , *EDUCATION software , *SCHOOL safety ,ENVIRONMENTAL aspects - Abstract
The article discusses developments in education and scheduled events, noting a paperless policy implemented in the school district of Anchorage, Alaska, management software from the Quest Software company, and upcoming meetings including the August 2010 20th Annual SRO/School Safety Conference in Louisville, Kentucky.
- Published
- 2010
11. From the Editor.
- Author
-
Bailey, James R.
- Subjects
PERIODICALS ,LEARNING ,UNITED States education system ,MANAGEMENT - Abstract
This article discusses matters concerning the U.S. periodical Academy of Management Learning & Education as of June 2005. Last year, the editorial board and the Academy of Management's board of governors approved a strategy for the periodical. The first challenge was to assemble an editorial board leadership team with the necessary breadth and experience, and an editorial board with increased practitioner and international representation. The second step was to implement an electronic submission and review process. In its short life, the periodical has stirred some healthy controversy and hopefully contributed to the dialogue about the life of professors and the management education endeavor. The periodical has palpable forward motion and notoriety upon which to capitalize. The first issue upheld the tradition of publishing watershed papers. In order to seed papers, the editorial board is exploring sponsoring an Academy of Management Doctoral Student and/or Junior Faculty Consortium designed to work through promising ideas with the assistance of a distinguished panel. Furthering this vein, the editorial board was asked to send a letter of introduction describing the periodical to at least ten colleagues, and to alert their school's librarians to the journal in the hopes of increased subscriptions.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Education and Chronically Ill Children: A Need-Based Policy Orientation.
- Author
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Ashcroft, S.C.
- Subjects
CHRONICALLY ill children ,UNITED States education system ,FAMILIES - Abstract
Introduces a series of articles related to chronically ill children, their families and educators in the U.S. Reflections on the life of chronically ill child; Educational provisions for chronically ill children; Identification of the school problems from the perspectives of medical and other supportive services.
- Published
- 1984
13. EDUCATION or INFLATION?
- Author
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Saba, Jennifer
- Subjects
NEWSPAPERS ,UNITED States education system ,EDITORS ,PUBLISHING - Abstract
Provides information on the Newspapers in Education (NIE) program of the newspaper industry in the U.S. and its impact on education as of January 2005. Concept of the program; Concerns regarding the program; Views of newspaper editors and publishers regarding the issue of newspaper circulation.
- Published
- 2005
14. Report of the Committee on Economic Education for 2011.
- Author
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Watts, Michael
- Subjects
COMMITTEE reports ,ECONOMICS education ,HIGHER education ,UNITED States education system - Abstract
The article presents the 2011 report of the Committee on Economic Education of the American Economic Association (AEA) given at the AEA's annual conference in 2012. The report discusses topics including the creation of a conference on teaching of economics, an ongoing teaching innovation program of the committee and information on the number of degrees in economics awarded at U.S. universities and colleges. Conferences and special events created by the committee for the 2012 AEA annual conference are discussed.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Writing in natural sciences: Understanding the effects of different types of reviewers on the writing process.
- Author
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Patchan, Melissa M., Schunn, Christian D., and Clark, Russell J.
- Subjects
UNDERGRADUATES ,COMPOSITION (Language arts) ,WRITING processes ,TEACHERS' assistants ,NATURAL history education ,UNITED States education system - Abstract
In undergraduate natural science courses, two types of evaluators are commonly used to assess student writing: graduate-student teaching assistants (TAs) or peers. The current study examines how well these approaches to evaluation support student writing. These differences between the two possible evaluators are likely to affect multiple aspects of the writing process: first draft quality, amount and types of feedback provided, amount and types of revisions, and final draft quality. Therefore, we examined how these aspects of the writing process were affected when undergraduate students wrote papers to be evaluated by a group of peers versus their TA. Several interesting results were found. First, the quality of the students' first draft was greater when they were writing for their peers than when writing for their TA. In terms of feedback, students provided longer comments, and they also focused more on the prose than the TAs. Finally, more revisions were made if the students received feedback from their peers-especially prose revisions. Despite all of the benefits seen with peers as evaluators, there was only a moderate difference in final draft quality. This result indicates that while peer-review is helpful, there continues to be a need for research regarding how to enhance the benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
16. Can the Federal Government Improve Education Research?
- Author
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Boruch, Robert
- Subjects
EDUCATION research ,UNITED States education system ,METHODOLOGY ,GOVERNMENT agencies - Abstract
Comments on the paper "Can the Federal Government Improve Education Research," by Brian Jacob and Jens Ludwig. Suggestions for emphasizing the points presented by the paper; U.S. federal agencies that can support methodological studies on education; Views on the important features of the study.
- Published
- 2005
17. Test-Based Accountability: The Promise and the Perils.
- Author
-
Cuban, Larry
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL accountability ,EDUCATIONAL standards ,UNITED States education system - Abstract
Comments on the paper "Test-Based Accountability: The Promise and the Perils," by Tom Loveless. Need for research in order to dissolve opposition to test-based accountability; Views regarding the positive effects of coercive accountability and research stressed by Loveless; Reluctance of Loveless to examine assumptions that have influenced the standards and accountability movement in the U.S. since the 1980s.
- Published
- 2005
18. Introduction.
- Author
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Ravitch, Diane
- Subjects
UNITED States education system ,SCHOOLS - Abstract
Introduces the papers on American education and American schools featured in the issue.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Discussion of University Cost Structure and Behavior: An Empirical Study.
- Author
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ROBINSON, DANIEL D.
- Subjects
UNITED States education system ,HIGHER education ,COST ,TUITION tax credits ,FUNDRAISING - Abstract
This article presents comments of the author on the paper by Peter E. Firmin,"University Cost Structure and Behavior: An Empirical Study," related to the examination of the university cost structure and behavior in the United States. The author states that ever since the close of World War II the demands placed upon the system of higher education have grown at a quickly increasing rate. He explains that for the most part both the administration and the faculty have been known to continue what they have done in the past, using the same techniques, only on a larger scale.
- Published
- 1968
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Scientific Information Exchange Surrounding the 1968 Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.
- Author
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Nelson, Carnot E., Garvey, William D., and Nan Lin
- Subjects
EDUCATION research ,COMMUNICATION in education ,EDUCATION associations ,SCIENTIFIC communication ,INFORMATION sharing ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,UNITED States education system - Abstract
This article cites a study, which deals with the scientific communication associated with the 1968 Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (AERA). The study reported here is the first in this series for educational research. Presentations at the 1968 annual meeting of AERA constituted a set of core events in relation to which communication was assessed. Three groups of persons having contact with these presentations were included in the study: authors, those who made presentations at the meeting; attendants, those who heard these presentations; and requesters, those who requested copies of the presentations from the authors. All 349 authors who presented papers were sent questionnaires. The questionnaire concerned the inception, nature, and previous as well as planned dissemination of the work they reported; the authors' current activities in those subject areas discussed in their presentations; and the effect upon these activities of scientific information exchanged at the meeting. The study assessed: how much of the program material had been submitted for journal publication during the ensuing year; which journals had been selected; and how many authors had neither submitted nor planned to submit manuscripts to journals based on their meeting presentations.
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Hope and Persistence: The Legacy of Ferguson.
- Author
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Castro, Antonio J.
- Subjects
CITIZENSHIP ,BLACK Lives Matter movement ,CIVIL rights demonstrations ,UNITED States education system - Abstract
This special issue of Critical Education, entitled "The Legacy of Ferguson: A Referendum on Citizenship Denied," presents papers about Ferguson, several of which were presented as part of a panel on Ferguson held at the College and University Faculty Assembly (CUFA) conference of the National Council for the Social Studies in 2015. We have added articles were to address issues in Baltimore and to reflect back on Ferguson two years later. Alex Cuenca and I worked as co-editors on this project. As we arranged these pieces, we felt struck with an overwhelming sense of purpose. We have to keep this conversation real and alive. So with hope in our hearts and hands ready to toil with patience and persistence, we invite you to join the struggle, because Black Lives Matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
22. Realizing the Promise of Brand-Name Schools.
- Author
-
Mathews, Jay
- Subjects
PROPRIETARY schools ,UNITED States education system ,SCHOOL principals - Abstract
Comments on the paper "Realizing the Promise of Brand-Name Schools," by Steve Wilson. Opinion on Edison Schools based on an experience of observing a class in one of its schools; Portrayal of the power of principal selection process; Suggestion for Wilson in improving the paper.
- Published
- 2005
23. Floating Boats.
- Author
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Waugh, Michael
- Subjects
SCIENTIFIC experimentation ,DENSITY ,SCIENCE education (Secondary) ,ACTIVITY programs in education ,CURRICULUM frameworks ,UNITED States education system - Abstract
The article presents a laboratory exploration of floating, sinking, and density using an activity in which students collect a series of measurements and analyze them to determine the relationship between an object's mass and the volume of water it displaces. The author explains the U.S. National Science Education Standards for grades 9-12 met by the activity, background knowledge needed by participating students, equipment needs, and the activity's procedures and data analysis.
- Published
- 2007
24. Test-Based Accountability: The Promise and the Perils.
- Author
-
Costrell, Robert M.
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL accountability ,EDUCATIONAL standards ,ACADEMIC achievement ,UNITED States education system ,SCHOOL failure ,OUTCOME-based education - Abstract
Comments on the paper "Test-Based Accountability: The Promises and the Perils," by Tom Loveless. Effects of standards on student achievement; Impact of exit exams on students at risk of failing; Factors that make a difference in establishing and maintaining accountability, based on experiences in Massachusetts.
- Published
- 2005
25. Do Faculty Serve as Role Models? The Impact of Instructor Gender on Female Students.
- Author
-
Bettinger, Eric P. and Long, Bridget Terry
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL psychology ,GENDER ,UNIVERSITY faculty ,STUDENTS ,WOMEN teachers ,LONGITUDINAL method ,UNITED States education system - Abstract
This article examines if the presence of faculty members of the same gender impact student interest in a subject. The paper explores this subject by estimating how having a female faculty member in an initial course affects the likelihood that a female student will take additional credit hours or major in a particular subject. If students choose their courses and major based on their experiences during their initial exposure to a subject, then the instructors they face early in a discipline could influence these decisions. Such an analysis is difficult because few data sets allow researchers to link student outcomes to faculty characteristics. However, using a comprehensive, longitudinal data set of nearly 54,000 students in the U.S., this paper is among the first, large-scale studies to estimate the impact of faculty on the outcomes of students.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Long-Term Effects Of School Desegregation And School Quality.
- Author
-
Gorman, Linda
- Subjects
SEGREGATION ,EDUCATIONAL quality ,EDUCATION research ,UNITED States education system ,EDUCATION of African Americans - Abstract
The article discusses the working paper "Long-run Impacts of School Desegregation and School Quality on Adult Attainments," by Rucker Johnson. The author found that the returns to education and the benefits of desegregation in school were underestimated and that court-ordered school desegregation improved the adult attainment of African Americans born between 1950 and 1975. These benefits include increased earnings among African Americans by 5% and improvements in health.
- Published
- 2011
27. Evaluating educational system designs.
- Author
-
Jenks, C. Lynn
- Subjects
UNITED States education system ,ORGANIZATIONAL structure ,STUDENTS ,SCHOOL districts ,ORGANIZATIONAL change ,SOCIAL systems - Abstract
In reaction to claims that educational systems in the USA are not responding well to the needs of learners, school districts have responded with a highly diverse set of ‘reform activities’ ranging from increased focus on incremental improvements in programs to a variety of structural changes. A few educators began to ‘think systemically’, that is, they began to take systems principles into account as change efforts were designed and planned. Such educators have been able to obtain both guidance and encouragement from system philosophers, designers, and practitioners who are spearheading the emergence of a new technology concerned with the design of social systems. But, the challenge of rethinking how systems that redesign themselves might be evaluated has received too little attention. Like the mismatch believed to exist between current educational practice and the needs of learners, there is also a mismatch between traditional evaluation theory and practice and the need for new theory, models, and methodology for evaluating new system designs. This paper addresses this issue by proposing a framework for evaluating educational system designs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Guidelines for facilitating systemic change in school districts.
- Author
-
Jenlink, Patrick M., Reigeluth, Charles M., Carr, Alison A., and Nelson, Laurie Miller
- Subjects
ORGANIZATIONAL change ,SCHOOL districts ,UNITED States education system ,ORGANIZATIONAL structure ,STRATEGIC planning - Abstract
This paper opens by addressing the emerging need for systemic change in K-12 school systems, with consideration given to requirements for new mindsets on educational change. Given the history of less than successful attempts at educational change, the need exists for a guidance system which helps change facilitators to guide school districts and communities through a systemic change process. The paper describes the characteristics and elements of a systemic change guidance system which builds on the principles of process facilitation and systems design. It examines in detail the integral values or beliefs related to facilitation and systemic change, the types of events (sets of activities) typically needed, and the processes which form the guidance system. Also discussed is the process used to create the guidance system. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Improving Education Indicators and Economic Indicators: The Same Problems?
- Author
-
Murnane, Richard J.
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL indicators ,SOCIAL indicators ,UNITED States education system ,EDUCATION statistics ,EDUCATIONAL accountability - Abstract
Attempts to improve indicators of the performance of the educational system encounter three core problems: How to measure performance? How to report the results? and How to interpret the results? This paper explores these problems by comparing the U.S. experience in developing educational indicators with the experience in developing indicators ofthe performance of the economy in providing jobs. Central questions that run through the paper concern the extent to which the problems faced in improving indicators ofthe performances of the two sectors are the same, and the reasons for the differences that are present. One theme is that many ofthe problems in improving social indicators are generic; that is, they are not restricted to particular sectors. A second theme is that some of the problems in improving educational indicators stem from the nature of the governance of American public education, and for that reason, differ from the problems in improving economic indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Current Versus Perceived-Ideal Procedures for Determining Educational Program-evaluation Budgets: A Survey of School Evaluators .
- Author
-
Drezek, Stan, Monkowski, Paul G., and Higgins, Paul S.
- Subjects
UNITED States education system ,EDUCATIONAL evaluation ,PUBLIC schools ,STATE boards of education ,SCHOOL districts - Abstract
The article cites two recent surveys of evaluation activities in U.S. public education. Concern about inadequate funding for evaluation of public-education programs--as well as concern about other aspects of educational evaluation--prompted the American Educational Research Association's (AERA) division on School Evaluation and Program Development (Division H) to organize five task forces or committees in 1978. Each task force was asked to prepare a position paper on a particular issue in evaluation by 1980. The present paper represents part of the work prerequisite to the position paper of the AERA Division H task force on resource allocation and budgeting for public school evaluation. This paper reports results of a 1979 survey of heads of evaluation units in public school districts (hereafter referred to as local education agencies, or LEAs) and state departments of education (state education agencies, or SEAs). This survey primarily concerned current versus ideal procedures for determining program evaluation budgets in LEAs, and to a lesser extent, in SEAs.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Papers.
- Subjects
RESEARCH ,HIGHER education ,UNITED States education system ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
The article reports on the deadlines for submission of research papers in higher education. These include proposals on the theme "Integrative thinking: Building learning communities" for possible presentation at the annual Midwest-Central region conference of the National Association of Academic Affairs administrators in Livonia, Michigan and abstracts of papers for the annual conference of the Continuing Education Association of New York.
- Published
- 1987
32. DISCUSSION.
- Author
-
Bond, Floyd A. and McConnell, Campbell R.
- Subjects
ECONOMICS ,ECONOMICS education ,EDUCATION ,UNITED States education system ,TASK forces ,ECONOMISTS ,PERFORMANCE - Abstract
This article presents discussion regarding understanding of economics by the whole population. American Economic Association has organized a meeting concerning this issue. According to the author, the far-reaching significance of this development is still only dimly realized. The authors of these three stimulating and instructive papers have referred repeatedly to the National Task Force on Economic Education. members of the American Economic Association realize how much the economics profession owes to the Committee for Economic Development and the Joint Council on Economic Education for initiating this frontal attack on economic ignorance, for putting this Association in the forefront in this nation-wide effort, and for giving the economics profession full academic freedom, for the content of these several programs. Although it is only right that the economists themselves should receive full credit for their professional performances. But without the stimulation, encouragement, and financial support from National Task Force report, Material Evaluation Committee report, and television series it would not have been possible to discuss the merits and limitations of the report of the National Task Force here.
- Published
- 1963
33. MEASURING COLLEGE THOUGHT.
- Author
-
Belden, Joe
- Subjects
COLLEGE students ,UNITED States education system ,SOCIAL perception ,NEWSPAPERS ,MASS media - Abstract
Student Opinion Surveys of America, with headquarters at the University of Texas, was established in December 1938 to provide a scientific sampling referendum for the U.S. colleges. College newspapers were chosen in strategic locations from lists of top-notchers in the annual competitions sponsored by collegiate press associations. A cross-section determined from figures of the U.S. Office of Education and other sources called for an accurate geographical distribution according to student concentrations; so invitations to a selected number of key papers were sent out last fall. In six months the Surveys have conducted studies of the average college man and woman on thirty-two separate questions, many of them in related series. The Surveys definitely show that there is truth in the familiar statement that young people are more liberal in their attitudes than older persons. On social questions students would class themselves as liberal thinkers. Over three-fourths oppose the return of prohibition, only one third think collegians drink too much, and six out of every ten admit they do drink. If they had their way, a blood test before marriage to detect venereal disease would be required by law. And they would make sex education compulsory in colleges.
- Published
- 1939
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The Administrative Transformation of American Education: School District Consolidation, 1938-1980.
- Author
-
Strang, David
- Subjects
UNITED States education system ,SCHOOL districts ,SCHOOL centralization ,ORGANIZATIONAL structure ,BUREAUCRACY ,EDUCATION policy ,SCHOOL administration ,HISTORY of education ,BUREAUCRATIZATION ,ORGANIZATIONAL change ,FORMALIZATION (Philosophy) - Abstract
Over the period 1938-1980, the local administrative units of American education were transformed from small and informal community arrangements into large, professionally run bureaucratic organizations. This paper explores the causes of this structural change in American education by analyzing variation among states in the speed and extent of school district consolidation. It argues that the growth and formalization of district organizations through consolidation stemmed in large part from the expanding role of state bureaucracies. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of the numbers of school districts per state support this argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Discussion of University Cost Structure and Behavior: An Empirical Study.
- Author
-
BELL, HAROLD E.
- Subjects
UNITED States education system ,HIGHER education ,COST ,POSTSECONDARY education ,TUITION tax credits - Abstract
The article presents comments of the author regarding the paper by Peter E. Firmin, "University Cost Structure and Behavior: An Empirical Study," related to the examination of the university cost structure and behavior in the United States. The author states that the study was conducted to help bring about improved management to higher education and they explain that it was assumed that university administrators had inadequate cost information to efficiently and intelligently carry out their administrative functions.
- Published
- 1968
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Handheld Devices are Ready-at-Hand.
- Author
-
Soloway, Elliot, Norris, Cathleen, Blumenfeld, Phyllis, Fishman, Barry, Krajcik, Joseph, and Marx, Ron
- Subjects
COMPUTERS & children ,COMPUTERS in education ,UNITED States education system ,PORTABLE computers - Abstract
This article discusses the impact of computer accessibility on K-12 education in the U.S. In a 1998 survey, professor Henry Becker of the University of California attempts to assess the density of computers in schools. He reports that fewer than 20% of the schools meet the following criteria: having at least one computer of any kind for every four students enrolled; one Pentium or Power Macintosh computer for every six students; one CD-ROM-equipped computer for every six students; and having at least half of all instructional rooms connected to the Internet by a high-speed, direct connection. The Detroit Public Schools administration is not going to buy a $1,000 computer for each of its 167,000 students nor is the Plankinton, South Dakota administration going to buy for each of its 604 students. Each of 1,700 students and 65 teachers in three high schools in the Consolidated High School District in Illinois uses handheld devices made by Palm Computing Inc. Eminence Middle School in Kentucky has all 50 of its 12- and 13 year old students use pocket computers for schoolwork. PicoMap is a concept mapping tool for handheld devices. It goes beyond paper-and-pencil concept maps. Children can print out their PicoMaps, allowing teacher to track the activities of children and give feedback.
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. An Analysis of Teacher for America's Research Page.
- Author
-
Kovacs, Philip and Slate-Young, Erica
- Subjects
UNITED States education system ,SOCIAL services ,TEACHER education ,SCHOOL employees - Abstract
On paper, Teach for America (TFA) has all the markings of an excellent program with real potential for social service and change. Given a hard to staff school in a poverty stricken city, allowing enthusiastic college graduates with some training to go in and put their hearts and souls into classrooms that would otherwise be staffed with less-prepared or unprepared individuals may seem like a good idea. Upon further examination, TFA becomes more problematic as its claims to success do not stand up to close scrutiny, and the program has evolved from placing its "corps members" (TFA's language) in hard to staff schools to replacing certified teachers. This paper analyzes TFA's claims to "success" through analysis of the organization's "research" page. While TFA has some data in support of its assertions, analysis of the data and the interpretations drawn from it softens TFA's assertions considerably, if it does not outright contradict them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
38. The Intergenerational Transmission of Education: New Evidence from Adoptions in the USA.
- Author
-
Silles, Mary A.
- Subjects
EDUCATION of parents ,AMERICAN Community Survey ,SCHOOLS ,UNITED States education system ,RACIAL differences - Abstract
This paper examines the influence of parental education on children's grade-for-age using a large sample of adoptees drawn from the American Community Survey between 2008 and 2014. The results show that mother's education is not an important determinant of the education of adopted children, despite statistically significant effects for own-birth children. The results for fathers are different. Among adopted white children, the effect of father's education is shown to be a statistically significant determinant of grade retention. However, among black children, adoptive father's education does not appear to have any discernible effect on children's education. A range of sensitivity tests are undertaken to check the validity of these results. The differences in these patterns between white and black students suggest the presence of racial differences in the intergenerational transmission of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Improved Access to Government Papers.
- Author
-
Boffey, Philip M.
- Subjects
FREEDOM of information ,ACCESS to information ,ACADEMIC freedom ,UNITED States education system ,HIGHER education - Abstract
The article reports on the dispute over the federal Freedom of Information Act in the academic community. According to the article, the law is helping scholars and institutions access government documents that had previously been denied them. On the other hand, the law and the Federal Advisory Committee Act allow the public to access documents and meetings that academic leaders would prefer to keep.
- Published
- 1975
40. Reading the World: Supporting Teachers' Professional Development Using Community- Based Critical Literacy Practices.
- Author
-
Stribling, Stacia M., DeMulder, Elizabeth K., and Day, Monimalika
- Subjects
PROFESSIONAL education ,TEACHERS & community ,TEACHER development ,COMMUNITY-school relationships ,EDUCATIONAL sociology ,SCHOOL involvement ,UNITED States education system - Abstract
This paper shares the findings from a study that assessed the impact of a graduate level curriculum that engaged fifty-seven k-12 teachers in community-based critical literacy practices. The findings from the participants' written critical reflections following two community exploration activities showed that they gained enhanced awareness of social inequalities. In addition, some of the participants made connections between the observed community disparities and their civic responsibilities to work towards social justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Personal Efficacy and Factors of Effective Learning Environment in Higher Education: Croatian and American Students.
- Author
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Vidaèek-Hainš, Violeta, Prats, Harry, and Appatova, Victoria
- Subjects
HIGHER education ,UNITED States education system ,STUDENT attitudes ,UNDERGRADUATES ,AMERICAN students ,CROATS ,SELF-efficacy in students ,SUPPORT services (Education) ,PERSONALITY development - Abstract
Successful learning in higher education incorporates various factors related to knowledge, skills, habits, and motivation. Additionally, students' personalities and self-efficacy may contribute to their adjustment, planning of activities, and achieving success. The objective of this paper is to analyze students' needs for support services, which enhance the effectiveness of their learning environment at higher education institutions. Answers received from a sample of undergraduate freshmen at one American University and one Croatian University were analyzed and compared. The students from both countries agree that there is a need for developing self-reliance and personal responsibility in using support services, as well as for the timely and accurate information on availability of these services. Students' suggestions and their desire to enhance effectiveness of their learning environment may be used in creating and improving support services in higher education institutions as well as training their staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
42. Community Colleges and Economic Mobility.
- Author
-
Kolesnikova, Natalia A.
- Subjects
HIGHER education ,UNITED States education system ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges ,SOCIAL policy - Abstract
This paper examines the role of community colleges in the U.S. higher education system and their advantages and shortcomings. In particular, it discusses the population of community college students and economic returns to community college education for various demographic groups. It offers new evidence on the returns to an associate's degree. Furthermore, the paper uses data from the National Survey of College Graduates to compare educational objectives, progress, and labor market outcomes of individuals who start their postsecondary education at community colleges with those who start at four-year colleges. Particular attention is paid to the Federal Reserve's Eighth District, the geographic area served by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Federalism Revised: The Promise and Challenge of the No Child Left Behind Act.
- Author
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Wong, Kenneth K.
- Subjects
FEDERAL government ,NO Child Left Behind Act of 2001 ,EDUCATION policy ,UNITED States education system ,POLITICAL science ,EDUCATION accountability laws ,PUBLIC administration - Abstract
Federalism in education has undergone significant changes since the Winter Commission. During the early 1990s, federal policy makers faced the challenge of organizational fragmentation and policy incoherence in public education. In the last 15 years, the intergovernmental system has evolved from one that is predominantly compliance-driven to one that is performance based, as suggested by the congressional adoption of the No Child Left Behind Act in 2001. While the former is often characterized by images of “picket fence” federalism and administrative silos, the latter remains very much a work in progress, with the promise of raising academic proficiency. This paper first examines the paradigm shift and then considers emerging politics in intergovernmental relations. The author explores the ways in which state and local policy makers are altering the rules governing education service provision in response to performance-based federal expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Curriculum and Case Notes.
- Author
-
Reingold, David
- Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions ,PROFESSIONAL education ,CURRICULUM ,UNITED States education system - Abstract
Information about several papers and discussion reports on professional education for public service presented at the 2006 Park City APPAM Spring Conference in Utah on is presented. The managerial challenges of running a policy school was examined by Sandra Archibald, Dean of the Evans School at the University of Washington. Angela Evans' paper tried to assist those who lead schools of public policy and administration in assessing their pedagogies and curricula
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. A prolegomena to any future Post Keynesian education policy.
- Author
-
Pressman, Steven
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL law & legislation ,KEYNESIAN economics ,UNITED States education system ,INCOME ,POOR children ,EDUCATIONAL vouchers ,GOVERNMENT aid to education ,EDUCATIONAL finance ,EDUCATION - Abstract
This paper sets forth some Post Keynesian policy proposals concerning education. It first reviews U.S. education problems and the neoclassical solution to them, which relies on increasing competition and consumer choice. The paper then reviews the empirical literature on these topics, and concludes by setting forth a Post Keynesian approach to the U.S. education problems that is supported by these empirical findings. This approach would focus more on providing sufficient income to children of low-income households as well as additional educational spending. It would reject tracking students, and support standards and funding at larger levels of government than the local level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. NAMING RACISM: A CONCEPTUAL LOOK AT INTERNALIZED RACISM IN U.S. SCHOOLS.
- Author
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Huber, Lindsay Perez, Johnson, Robin N., and Kohli, Rita
- Subjects
RACISM in education ,UNITED States education system ,MINORITY students ,PEOPLE of color ,RACE awareness ,GROUP identity - Abstract
Internalized racism describes the conscious and unconscious acceptance of a racial hierarchy where whites are consistently ranked above People of Color Although scholars across multiple disciplines have discussed this concept, the role of schools in instilling and perpetuating internalized racism within Students of Color has very rarely been examined. This paper is a conceptual piece that utilizes a Critical Race Theory framework to acknowledge the racialized experiences within classroom pedagogy, curriculum, and unequal school resources. We examine how these factors can negatively affect racial group-identity and contribute to internalized racism for Students of Color. Because internalized racism works to sustain educational and social inequity, this paper also explores ways that schools can function to break this cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
47. Evidence-Based Reading Policy in the United States: How Scientific Research Informs Instructional Practices.
- Author
-
Adams, Marilyn Jager
- Subjects
READING ,LANGUAGE experience approach in education ,TEACHING methods ,READING disability ,UNITED States education system ,EDUCATION policy - Abstract
Comments on the paper "Evidence-Based Reading Policy in the United States: How Scientific Research Informs Instructional Practices," by Reid Lyon, Sally Shaywitz, Bennett Shaywitz and Vinita Chhabra. Discussion of the whole-language theory proposed by Frank Smith with regards to reading instruction; Developments in the actions taken by the U.S. Congress in response to the high incidence of reading disability among students; Issues surrounding reading education that deserve priority.
- Published
- 2005
48. Education Reform and Content: The Long View.
- Author
-
Rochester, J. Martin
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL change ,CURRICULUM ,EQUALITY ,CURRICULUM change ,UNITED States education system - Abstract
Comments on the paper "Education Reform and Content: The Long View," E. D. Hirsch Jr. Difference between K-12 education and higher education in the U.S. in terms of change; Factors being blamed for the failure of American education; Role of the political-ideological agenda of equality in curriculum reform; Comment on the educational reforms in the U.S.
- Published
- 2005
49. Education Reform and Content: The Long View.
- Author
-
Apple, Michael W.
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL change ,CURRICULUM ,SCHOOLS ,UNITED States education system ,EDUCATION policy ,EDUCATIONAL law & legislation - Abstract
Comments on the paper "Education Reform and Content: The Long View," by E. D. Hirsch Jr. Views on the educational reforms that have come out of the No Child Left Behind Act; Lack of curricular coherence in schools; Description of the situation during the 1960s and its implications on education and schools during the period; Emphasis on the belief that the education of children in a collective responsibility.
- Published
- 2005
50. School Choice: How an Abstract Idea Became a Political Reality.
- Author
-
Wolf, Patrick J.
- Subjects
SCHOOL choice ,SCHOOL closings ,MARKETS ,EDUCATION research ,TEST scoring ,SOCIAL justice ,EDUCATION policy ,UNITED States education system - Abstract
Comments on the paper "School Choice: How an Abstract Idea Became a Political Reality," by Joseph Viteritti. Education markets and the closing of schools; Inevitability of markets in education; Reaction to the assertion that school choice research is obsessed with test scores results; Basis for a social justice defense of school choice.
- Published
- 2005
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