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Objective: To assess the impact of oral contraceptives on lower urinary tract dysfunction in premenopausal women., Design: Nationwide cohort study., Setting: National registry., Patient(s): A total of 10,791 women (born 1959-1985) from the population- based Swedish Twin Registry who participated in a web-based survey of common diseases., Intervention(s): None., Main Outcome Measure(s): Symptoms of urinary incontinence., Result(s): For users of oral contraception there was a significantly reduced risk for symptoms of stress urinary incontinence, mixed urinary incontinence, and urgency urinary incontinence. The reduction remained significant when adjusting for age, body mass index, and pregnancy history. A reduced prevalence of symptoms of overactive bladder in oral contraceptive users was also observed although the association was nonsignificant. There were no significant associations between lower urinary tract symptoms and women using a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device compared with noncontraceptive users, with the exception of nocturia., Conclusion(s): Oral contraceptive use reduces the overall risk for symptoms of urinary incontinence.

OBJECTIVE -- To determine the diabetes- and obesity-related risks for surgically managed stress urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-- This twin cohort study used the Swedish Twin Register to identify 8,443 female twin pairs born from 1926 through 1958. The association between diabetes and pelvic floor surgery was estimated while taking into account the correlated (twin) structure of the data. RESULTS-- For type 1 and type 2 diabetes, no significant associations were observed for stress urinary incontinence (odds ratio [OR] 1.0 [95% CI 0.1-9.2] and 2.0 [1.0-4.0], respectively). There were no cases of prolapse surgery in type 1 diabetic subjects, and for type 2 diabetes the risk estimate was nonsignificant (1.6 [1.0-2.71). BMI >25 kg/m², age ≥60 years, and childbirth were the strongest risk factors for having incontinence surgery. CONCLUSIONS-- Out data suggest that diabetes is not associated with stress urinary incontinence or pelvic organ prolapse surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]