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Due to its impact on all human activity, the new virus has therefore aroused increased interest in research. A large number of medical papers related to COVID-19 have been published as a result of the scientific community response to this emerging infectious disease. All measures that combat the spread of the disease came at a cost and the people had to add one more hardship which contributed to the rise in social inequality. Moreover, the costs for internet access, proper equipment to support online education, private healthcare, facemasks, and disinfectants have become a burden for a segment of Romanian society. In this study, 18 Romanian universities a Medicine bachelor specialisation, both public and private, were analysed to determine the dataset query from Web of Science. Our research aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 papers written by authors affiliated with Romanian universities with a medicine specialisation, which are the factors that influence the likelihood of a paper being cited and how the number of citations varies by university type. The obtained results reveal that University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila" from Bucharest records the highest number of published papers, while "APOL-LONIA" University of Iași has the highest number of citations in both WOS Core Collection and in all WOS Databases per research. Furthermore, there is a significant difference in the number of citations between papers with and without a PUB MED ID. Logistic models show that neither the type of university nor the property type of the university (public or private) are determinants of the likelihood of an article being cited in the WOS core collection or in all WOS databases. As a consequence, a research paper with PUB MED ID and a higher number of pages, has a higher chance to be cited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper was to highlight the importance and relevance of the proactive approach of microscopic laboratory techniques for prevention and control of major silkworm diseases thus contributing to the improvement of silkworm health and to augmentation of the sericulture production. The examinations were carried out by direct microscopy and laboratory diagnostic methods for specific diseases (bacterial, parasitic, mycotic and viral) according to the methodology of the OIE Manual, adapted to the conditions of the Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Pathology of Silkworms of S.C.S. Baneasa, Bucharest. Direct microscopical and bacterioscopic examinations were carried out to exclude the risk of the presence of pathogens in future generations selected for the conservation of the genetic background. Samples collected from the 84 breeds under conservation were subjected to direct microscopy and bacterioscopic examinations on two developmental stages of silkworms - egg and larval stage (L3). The results of the laboratory examinations required the elimination of inappropriate biological material from the reproduction, that allowed obtaining disease-free reproductive material of the best quality. In the present research paper, we demonstrated the importance of the proactive approach of microscopic laboratory techniques for prevention and control of major silkworm diseases in order to select breeds, lines and hybrids of silkworms with resistance to diseases owned by S.C.S. Baneasa, Bucharest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Colloquium of Social Sciences and Communication ACUM (NOW) took place in Brasov in between 17th and 19th of October 2019, over three sunny autumn days. The event was organized by the Faculty of Sociology and Communication of the University Transylvania and by the Society of Sociologists of Romania. The keynote speakers were: Bogdan Voicu (R.I.Q.L.) with a communication about migration as a double osmosis, Robbie Gilligan (University of Dublin), with a paper about working with vulnerable young people, Sylvie Huet, (University of Clermond), who investigated the "glass ceilings", and Mihai Burlacu, from the Bucharest Polytechnic, with a reconsideration of the anthropological space as heterotopia. The colloquium organized by SSR is already part of a local university tradition of national and international openness. Slowly but steadily, a real international character of scientific manifestations in Romania is formed, much less cosmopolitan than similar conferences in the global West, but with a constant presence of foreign guests and participants who bring a much needed diversity of perspectives and research themes. During the works, we received a very careful reception from colleagues in sessions that put together various contributions, from long-term individual research topics to recent exploratory research.The event was one that confirmed its success over the years, thus strengthening Brasov's place on the map of social sciences in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the notions of urban sprawl and suburbanisation are introduced and discussed in the context of American and European cases. The drivers of urban sprawl are discussed along with the main typologies analysed in the literature about the issue. The debate regarding urban sprawl is discussed in the particular context of Eastern Europe, and a timeline of suburbanisation is presented from the socialist years until today. Then, the specific case of Bucharest is examined through the case of Popesti Leordeni, where the particularities of the city development and the stages of urban sprawl are compared with the typologies observed in the Romanian context. The paper concludes with the need for further research to identify different or diverging planning practices within the metropolitan area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on an overview of two programs applied to the residential building stock of Bucharest (Romania), namely, the seismic strengthening program and the thermal rehabilitation program. The methodology for seismic risk assessment given in the current generation of Romanian codes, as well as in previous regulations, is examined. A brief review of other seismic risk assessment methodologies currently applied in various seismically prone countries is also presented. Examples of high-rise buildings in Bucharest that suffered significant damage during the Vrancea 1977 earthquake and that were thermally rehabilitated without any strengthening works are shown in this paper. The consistent differences between the current outcomes of the two programs are presented and discussed. Finally, this review paper highlights the lack of coherence in terms of seismic risk assessments for the same class of buildings, inducing, in some situations, a false feeling of safety in the building inhabitants. In addition, a combined procedure for both seismic strengthening and thermal rehabilitation is mandatory, considering the seismicity of Romania, as well as ongoing climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As highlighted by Pop & Georgescu (2024), the Romanian academic literature concerning municipal bonds is sparse, while the investigations regarding the factors that can influence the sub-sovereign bond trading at Bucharest Stock Exchange is quasi non-existent, to the best of authors’ knowledge. The present paper continues the work of Pop & Georgescu (2024) by trying to identify which of the public available information regarding various interest rates and Bucharest Stock Exchange (henceforth BVB) indices returns influence the trading activity of municipal bond market segment. The correlations presented within this paper imply that the modest profile of municipal bond segment at BVB is related to a relative small number of individual investors that dominate the transactions, using mostly observed data to decided when to trade and what to trade. The scarce correlations that appear in relation with the trading volume and trading value point toward the idea that only a small portion of the listed municipal bonds are owned by individual investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate governance is gaining interest not only from investors but companies that want to operate in international markets, prompting a more thorough analysis of the field to prioritise stakeholder interests alongside shareholder value. By adopting a holistic approach that considers stakeholders' diverse needs and expectations, companies can build resilience, foster trust, and create sustainable value for all stakeholders, ensuring long-term success and societal impact. This paper analyses corporate governance principles applied at the international, European, and national levels, emphasising the importance of the field for the stakeholders. The practical approach of the paper analyses the application and compliance of the corporate governance code of 18 companies in the field of financial intermediation and insurance, which are listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange, underlining the crucial role of transparency of operations in instilling confidence and reassurance in stakeholders. The conclusions present proposals for measures to improve corporate governance practices at the level of companies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the time of technology and globalization, effective organizational communication is critical for a company success. In a continuous changing world, companies must take a strategic and effective approach to communicate with the employees, customers and third-party stakeholders. The objective of this paper focuses on the study of organizational communication in an international company, one of the largest providers of communication services in Romania, with office in Bucharest. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and evaluate the way the company manages internal organizational communication and to identify ways in which it can be improved, with the ultimate goal to contribute to increase the company performance and competitiveness in the market. The case study carried out within the analyzed company had as objective the evaluation of organizational communication from the employee perspective, for which purpose, we elaborated and applied a questionnaire with 10 questions, on a sample of 100 people, in which we captured both their perception of the relevance, the frequency or transparency of information received from managers, as well as their opinion regarding the level of communication within the company, respectively, the employees involvement in the communication process and in the improvement of the organizational communication. The satisfaction regarding organizational communication was evaluated positively by a majority of respondents (64%). The quality of information received regarding projects and changes in the company was positively assessed by the majority of employees (66%). Communication between departments was generally considered positively (59%), and communication between management and employees was considered adequate by most respondents (69%). Regarding the employees involvement in the process of improving the organizational communication, the majority of respondents (67%) stated that they were not actively involved in this process. The results of the study also provided a perspective of how internal communication may affect the employee performance and satisfaction, as well as potential problems or constraints that could be resolved to improve the effectiveness of organizational communication within the company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to analyze the labour resources a NUTS 2 level, between 2005 and 2020, by using the national databases regarding the Romanian workforce. We analyzed the employed population by total, residence environments and main economical national activities. The research revealed the increase in human resources in North-West of the country and in the areas surrounding the capital Bucharest, but the regions from North-East and South retain the higher shares in the structure of employed population. By observing the development pattern for 2005-2020 period we identified many challenges: the decrease of population and employment rate in the majority of the regions; the shift of employment from agriculture to industry and especially services sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents doctoral papers in medicine and surgery from the early twentieth century, within the Faculty of Medicine Bucharest and the Bucharest Military Medical Institute, supported by interns or former inmates of Bucharest Hospitals, Philanthropy Hospital, Military Hospital "Regina Elisabeta" or the Military Medical Institute. As Presidents and members of the commissions supporting these Doctorates were important personalities of the medical world at that time: Prof. Dr. N. Măldărescu, Prof. Dr. G. Stoicescu, Prof. Dr. I. Cantacuzino, Prof. Dr. Gr. Romniceanu, Prof. Dr. Victor Babeş, Prof. Dr. C. Parhon, Prof. Dr. G. Proca, Prof. Dr. G. Marinescu, Prof. Dr. C. Severeanu, Prof. Dr. N. Kalinderu, Prof. Dr. N.C. Thomescu, Prof. Dr. Paul Petrini and others. The paper aims to present the results of studies of high scientific standing, well located in the context of contemporary studies, moments of reference in the specialty. These studies represent an important step in the evolution and development of Romanian pneumophthisiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this presentation there will be exhibited doctoral papers in medicine and surgery of the "current or old" internal physicians of the Civil Hospitals in Bucharest, of a battalion doctor, of a student of the medical-military boarding house, of an intern of the Colentinain the 19th century, with respect and gratitude to the teachers of the weather. With approaches to important subjects in the specialty, then, but now too. Well-trained and informed physicians both from literature and from the specialist, native experience and important achievements of the time. The paper aims to present the significant contribution to the knowledge and medical experience of time, all of which are an important basis and contribution to what we are today in this specialty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reduction in GHG emissions has become one of the most important objectives in Europe. One of these clean technologies in the quest for large-scale decarbonisation is the blending of hydrogen and natural gas (H2NG). The significance of this article lies in conducting a technical–economic analysis that relies on simulating annual consumption patterns. This study focuses on the utilization of H2NG at different proportions within a distribution network in Bucharest, Romania's largest city. The paper is a fallow up of another paper and presents a case study for the injection through all four entry points in the city of different percentages of hydrogen and the dynamic of the mix through the gas distribution network. The study found that the variation in H2 in the network is high and depends on the entry point levels and consumption. An economic analysis was conducted on seasonal real consumption, which confirmed the investment's profitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the social conditions of women in the city of Bucharest, Romania. It reflects on the role of women in the social and political spaces of everyday life. It mentions the exploitation of gendered and sexed bodies in contemporary urban public space. It outlines the findings of the International Violence Against Women Survey which shows the prevalence of violence against women worldwide.

In Romania, influenza vaccination uptake among healthcare workers decreased over time despite access to the vaccine being constantly improved. The aim of this paper is to provide a comparative analysis of the knowledge and attitudes of Dental Medicine and Medicine students towards recommended vaccinations for healthcare workers, focusing on influenza vaccination. A cross-sectional study was conducted during the entire 2021–2022 academic year. Data were collected using 2 electronic questionnaires which were applied to the students from the Faculty of Medicine (n = 883) and, respectively, the Faculty of Dental Medicine of the Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. The questionnaires were offered to 1187 students and completed by 911 students (response rate = 77%). Out of these, 85% (n = 778) identified the influenza vaccine as recommended; 35% (n = 321) reported getting an annual influenza vaccination; and 37% (333) reported getting an influenza vaccination in the previous season. Overall, 45% (n = 222) of the respondents who completed the questionnaires from October 2021 to February 2022 reported that they intend to get vaccinated against influenza in the 2021–2022 season and approximately 8% (n = 39) reported that they had already been vaccinated. The multivariable analysis showed that the habit of getting annually vaccinated against influenza as well as the knowledge that influenza vaccine is recommended for all healthcare workers were associated with a higher probability of intending to get vaccinated. The current study emphasizes the need to raise awareness among medical students regarding influenza vaccination and to involve medical education institutions, public health authorities, and healthcare facilities in promoting this vaccination among students since the influenza vaccine uptake rate among medical students included in this study was suboptimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water bodies can offer local microclimates that have the potential to attenuate the effects of urban heat islands by reducing local temperature. This capability is shaded when the river is channelized. In such cases, the river temperature rises during hot periods, leading to negative impacts on the water quality. The main aim of this paper is to develop a local simple model to predict the temperature of the Dâmbovița River at its exit from Bucharest City, the capital of Romania. The location is chosen based on the historical critical impacts, in terms of extreme heatwaves that took place during hot summers, as well as future possible risks due to climate change. The water temperature prediction model is based on an artificial neural network that uses the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm, due to its stability and rapid convergence capabilities. The model forecasts, with an accuracy of ±1 °C, the water temperature in an ungauged, downstream location, as a function of measured air and upstream water temperatures. The proposed model represents a first attempt to provide water managers in Bucharest City with a useful tool that will allow them to take timely measures to counteract the unwanted effects that can be generated by high water temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of university education in Romania is to prepare specialists in their fields of study who, through the accumulated knowledge, can contribute to the development of society, the improvement of the way of life, innovation, research, and other aspects. These specialists, in addition to the theoretical and practical curricular knowledge that they acquire during the study program, also need other skills, knowledge, trainings, relationships in order to be prepared for integration into the labour market or to start an entrepreneurial path. In a society based on knowledge, the attitude, the competences and the abilities focused on a specific context have a decisive role. Moreover, employers follow very well-defined criteria in their recruitment process. This paper aims to analyse the perception of public and private employers regarding the evaluation criteria of University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Bucharest (USAMV from Bucharest) students and graduates. The Centre for Career Counselling and Guidance (CCOC) from USAMV Bucharest aims to acknowledge, study, clarify and implement the main requirements targeted by the employers regarding career orientation process. The research methodology involves an analysis of the specialized literature regarding the tendencies of skills needed for qualified personnel. The case study is composed of a questionnaire applied to commercial companies and institutions involved in an agribusiness field that contains 10 questions. The analysis of the resulting data was processed with the help of statistical methods, and the results obtained after their interpretation give us a clear picture of the HR criteria pursued by employers. We find that 80.4% of them consider theoretical knowledge to be important in the employment of graduates, 72.5% consider that specialized practice it is a must, 58.8% consider that graduates need internships and volunteer activities, but equally important are the digital skills that are underlined by 51% of company representatives. Also, 21.6% of the companies consider that the various personal development activities have an important role in the training of graduates. The challenges regarding a better integration on the labour market, the development of personal skills and their capitalization for added value in obtaining a job based both on generic and specific competences make the collaboration between universities and institutions in the field to be particularly important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobility is one of the aspects that define the current era, where distances are no longer a barrier both in terms of university studies and the possibilities of integration into the labour market or entrepreneurship. The skills acquired through extracurricular activities and digital skills are essential to have an easy path in professional development and access to a job focused on the field of university studies. The awareness of students and graduates regarding the accumulation of experiences from activities adjacent to the field of study and their sedimentation can bring them more personal and professional value. This paper aims to analyse the student perception and the importance of participation in extracurricular activities organized by The Centre for Career Counselling and Guidance (CCOC) for students and graduates of University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (USAMV) from Bucharest in accordance with the rigors of the labour market. The research methodology involves the analysis of specialized literature regarding the extracurricular training activities that must be considered for the consolidation of a career in the studied field. The case study is composed of a questionnaire that contains 13 questions applied to USAMV Bucharest students and graduates. The resulting data were processed and analysed by statistical methods and the results obtained after interpretation give us an overall picture regarding the students/graduate's awareness of the importance of extracurricular activities. However, the adaptation of activities must be a continuous process and the link between the university environment and the field companies should be strengthen for mutual benefits. Placing graduates in jobs that coincide with professional training remains a challenge. For this reason, a better understanding and application of the process of gaining professional experience during the higher education cycle is a key factor towards a successful career. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 15th edition of the NRDP, more than 12 billion Euro were allocated for the development of the rural environment in Romania, of which 3.68% went to Sub-measure 6.1 "Support for setting-up young farmers". The document shows the amount allocated to this section, the number of funding applications submitted and selected, funding contracts/decisions completed and terminated, and disbursements through January 26, 2023. At country level, the uptake of funds related to Sub-measure 6.1 was very good, with 434 million Euro disbursed out of an allocation of 467 million Euro, resulting an absorption rate of 92.98%. The purpose of the paper is to identify the projects that were implemented in Hunedoara county, through NRDP 2014-2020 and Transition 2021-2022, Submeasure 6.1. Hunedoara is located in the West Region and has a predominant mountainous area, suitable for the development of animal husbandry, but at the same time it is ranked second, following Bucharest, in terms of urbanization degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the impact of independent board members on the financial performance of companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange during the period 2016-2020. Different characteristics of the board of directors have been examined extensively in the literature and board independence was identified as one of the most effective corporate governance tools. In this context, the present study contributes to the relevant literature by examining recent data for Romania and investigating alternative performance indicators such as return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE) and Tobin's Q. The correlation analysis, scatter plots, and regression results document that a higher share of the independent board members was associated with higher returns on equity ratio. Specifically, a 10% rise in the share of independent members was associated with an approximately 0.9%-point increase in ROE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The renewable energy that also includes bioenergy represents the viable alternative of improving the environment quality and at the same time, protecting the natural fossil fuel reserves globally diminished in the last period. Having biological origins, the burning of biofuels for energy purposes is a non-conventional process accepted on the global scale as a solution to replace polluting fossil fuels. The work aims to test the conditions of using glycerol together with ethanol as biofuels in an original oxy-fuel combustion process. All oxy-liquid biofuel burners designed and experimentally tested in the world are intended for internal combustion engines, while the burner presented in this paper is designed for heating boilers and furnaces, the difference in the constructive and functional principle determining the paper originality. The experiment carried out on the burners testing stand in the Metallurgical Research Institute of Bucharest allowed establishing the optimal characteristics of the process for the nominal heat power of 60 kW under the conditions of obtaining a stable flame, with high temperature (1781-1846 °C) and moderate emissions of carbon dioxide (below 0.13 vol. %) and nitrogen oxides (152-210 mg/m³N). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes the university autonomy as a fundamental principle of action in Romanian higher education system with examples from the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest (UASVMB). The research is based on four major dimensions proposed by European University Association: staffing autonomy, organizational autonomy, academic autonomy and financial autonomy. The paper employed qualitative analyses of the measurement indicators for each dimension involving a comparative approach at an international level, based on the information collected from 47 countries, in order to underline the current tendencies in relation with the international implementation of university autonomy principle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To adapt to the business environment, organisations adhere to management strategies capable of removing the effects of negative events, transforming themselves into resilient organisations. Physical and mental difficulties are the consequences of recent corporate developments, and protecting these organisations is a significant concern for managers. Using regression analysis of panel data, we evaluate the effectiveness and performance of 34 tourism and transport companies listed on the BSE in the 2005–2022 period by testing the effect of leverage on financial performance. Then, we focus on identifying the effects of recent crises (the global financial crisis of 2007–2008 and the COVID-19 pandemic) on financial performance and, implicitly, on organisational resilience. The findings suggest that the research hypotheses were partially validated, noting that the indicators included in the study registered significant decreases for the COVID-19 crisis period compared to the global financial crisis period. The paper provides information on measuring the resilience of companies through their ability to withstand the global financial crisis and the crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is also among the first to examine the role of financial crises in the leverage and financial performance relationship in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The participation of university students in workplace learning programs, which aims to develop their socioprofessional skills, is a fundamental activity for their proper insertion into the labor field, after their graduation. A practical approach to all the theoretical knowledge accumulated over the years of study will contribute significantly to the sedimentation, respectively to the acquisition of pragmatic skills, anchored in reality, and frequently requested by every nowadays employer. Traineeships aim to facilitate a context for the application of theoretical knowledge in a professional setting, giving each student the experience of work, responsibility, accountability, and the satisfaction to be able to perform certain tasks by themselves. Carried out to complement the study program, they represent a real springboard for the student in finding a job in a highly challenging economic environment. The traineeship can be carried out in many industries and services, being a mandatory activity, included in the curricula of the bachelor's and master's programs. This paper aims to present a webpage-type application which was created to present and promote the traineeship opportunities within the specialization Engineering and Management in Public Food and Agritourism of the Faculty of Management and Rural Development, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania (UASVM). All the information and pictures presented on the web page are related to a full license cycle of 4 years, which took place before the 2019 Covid pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Romania, kiwi is a new fruit specie and the creation, testing and introduction of winter hardy genotypes, adapted to the local harsh climate conditions represent a priority. The first kiwifruit orchards with A. deliciosa and A. arguta were planted in Romania in 1993, at Ostrov (Constanța County), on the border of the Danube River. In the same year, a common Italian-Romanian kiwifruit breeding program was initiated at the Faculty of Horticulture within the University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest. Since 1993, research has been carried out to determine the best methods of propagation, growing and kiwifruit orchard management. Genotypes phenology was studied every year in comparison with the climatic data. In parallel, physical and biochemical fruit characteristics were evaluated after ripening and during the storage. After some years of observations and tests, three kiwiberry elites were selected: ‘Vip Green’ (R8P23), ‘Vip Red’ (R8P20) and ‘Green Delight’ (R8P1). Other intra and interspecific crossings using A. deliciosa and A. chinensis were made and from the initial hybrids, some selected genotypes as R0P13, R1P9, R1P8 and R1P12, have good fruit characteristics and yield. The new selections have to be registered as cultivars and can be successfully cultivated on commercial orchards and in private gardens. This paper presents few results of the Actinidia spp. Romanian breeding program. Some fruit quality characteristics of the new kiwi selections and hybrids as average weight, fruit shape index, soluble solids content, dry matter, acidity and ascorbic acid are detailed. After more than two decades of research, it was demonstrated that A. deliciosa and A. chinensis can be grown in Romania in peach favorable areas, while A. arguta (kiwiberry or baby kiwi) can cover larger areas, suitable for plum cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is the most important species of Rhamnaceae family and is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees in the world. In Romania it was introduced for the first time in Dobrogea region, close to the Black Sea, some 2000 years ago. The first cultivated varieties, more than 20 genotypes, were introduced after 1997 at the Didactic Experimental Field, within the Faculty of Horticulture in Bucharest, from Shanxi Province, China. The purpose of this paper is to present the sensory evaluation of some fresh jujube fruits cultivars and customers’ perception on some innovative products. The results were obtained during the international workshop “Prospective of Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) cultivation in Romania” organized in 2nd of October 2020, at the USAMV Bucharest. Among the most common jujube cultivated in Romania, only the ones that arrived at the ripening stage: Jun Zao, Hu Ping Zao, Hu Ping AA and Early Hu Ping Zao, were tasted. The fruit size and shape, fruit colour, firmness and juiciness, taste and flavour were noticed with grades from 1 to 5, five being the highest value. The jujube tested products were: dehydrated jujube (simple, with walnuts or almonds), jujube liqueur (with honey, with rose petals, with plums and honey, with plums and rose petals), jujube tea, jujube compote and jujube tart. The consumers’ panel for sensory evaluation was represented by farmers, researchers, professors, specialists and ordinary people. The results showed that, fresh fruits and processed jujube products, was being positively appreciated by most of the participants and varied with the age, gender and origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents data related to the evolution during 2021-2022, of three chokeberry Aronia varieties, grown organically in the farm belonging to FRDS Băneasa, located in N-E of Bucharest in Afumați, Ilfov County, in the Vlasiei Plain, a subunit of the Roman Plain. Aronia melanocarpa, is a crop that issuitable for organic system, and the importance of fruits is given by the fact that it has special nutraceutical qualities, mainly due to the high contain of anthocyanins and flavonoids among other important substances that can reduce the risk of serious illness. The study was continued on a plantation established in 2020. The chokeberry varieties under observations were: 'Melrom', 'Nero' and 'Galicjanka'. Planting distances 1.5 m/3 m, in 2 variants, plants canopy conducted as bush. In 2022, number of shoots and inflorescences per plant, shoots length and the number of fruits per inflorescence were counted. Also, fruit weight, size, sugar content, pH and citric acid for each variety was determined and compared to the 2021 results. The study will continue in order to gather more data for the organic cropping system of Aronia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hotel groups listed on various security exchanges have the tendency to be representative for their respective country and/or to be emblematic worldwide. They expand and evolved from an owner-operator business model, still dominant in the 1980s, toward a sophisticated combination of the owner-operator model and asset-light business model. In the case of Romania, the owner-operator business model is dominant and is the common ground for the hotel companies listed at Bucharest Stock Exchange. The present paper has the following objectives: a) to investigate which of the former hotel companies listed on Rasdaq were chosen to be transferred on the new alternative trading system; b) if new hotel companies were willing to become publicly traded on BVB or in AeRO; c) to identify the portfolio of hotels for the listed companies, and d) to investigated the trading frequency, volume and value, and extract potential patterns. The period under scrutiny is May 2015 - May 2023. Based on the findings of the present paper the Romanian listed hotel companies do not attract the investors' attention since they do not offer too much. Some of the problems might be generated by the low free-float and controlling shareholders/groups. Though, the main problems seem to be related to the companies' lack of proper transparency regarding their activities (and profit centers), hotel/lodging portfolios, and the absence of (at least) domestic known brand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the pathway towards building a unique research infrastructure and the key requirements set by ESFRI in order to enter ESFRI Roadmap and to gain its support along the lifecycle of a research infrastructure. It focuses on the financial matters requested by ESFRI throughout the all phases that METROFOOD-RI has passed through so far, underlining that not only the scientific case and its positioning in the European RIs' landscape are important while evaluating a future RI, but also how the RI will ensure its long-term financial sustainability. METROFOOD-RI is a distributed pan-European research infrastructure of global interest, in which IBA Bucharest has been an essential partner since its conception in 2015. The document showcases an overview of the architecture and organisation of METROFOOD-RI, its core services, the work performed in preparing a sound cost book, financial plan, cash-flow and business model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PEFC is one of the most common certification schemes in forestry worldwide. The aim of this paper was to highlight the profile of the PEFC Chain of Custody certified companies from Romania. Data available in December 2018 on the official website of PEFC were taken into consideration. Until present, 43 PEFC CoC certified companies were recorded in Romania, more than half holding an individual certificate. The certified companies are located in fifteen counties plus Bucharest, one quarter of them being based in the capital city. 60% of the valid CoC certificates in Romania were issued only by two certification bodies. As regards the product category, the number of the companies involved in paper-related activities is almost equal with the companies acting in wood industry. Even though Romania is a country well known for its forest resources and its wood industry, PEFC certification is not very well represented. But, by taking into account that PEFC national certification system was endorsed in midsummer 2018, it might happen very soon that PEFC (both FM and CoC) will gain more interest in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Petru Sebeşanu Aurelian was born in Slatina on December 13, 1833 and he died in Bucharest on January 24, 1909. He is one of the most prominent people in the 19th century Romania. Agricultural engineer, politician, and one of the greatest Romanian economists, Petru Sebeşanu Aurelian was a strong supporter of Romania's progress and independence, both in practice, through his professional and political activity, and in theory, through the ideas he put across in his writings. Petru Sebeşanu Aurelian was an advocate of mercantilism and economic nationalism. He was especially concerned with the possible ways to reduce the economic gap between Romania and the more developed countries and considered that Romania's economy had to rely upon agriculture, and yet not neglect industry. In this paper we will try to identify the main coordinates of the paradigm within which Aurelian laid down the solutions for Romanian's modernization in his times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dumitru Bagdasar, who is indisputably considered as the founder of neurosurgery on the Romanian territory during the interwar period, was born in Roșiești, the former Fălciu County, in 1893. In 1913, after having completed his primary and secondary education, he enrolled at the Faculty of Medicine of Bucharest and, in the summer of 1916, at the end of his third university year, he transferred to the Medical Military Institute. From 1916 to 1918, D. Bagdasar dealt with the whole array of illnesses arising from the world conflict, including firearm-related injuries to the nervous system. After the war, he was transferred to the Neurology Clinic of the Colentina Hospital where, under the supervision of Professor Gheorghe Marinescu, he elaborated and completed his doctoral dissertation entitled: Contribuțiuni la studiul Sindromului Parkinsonian-postencefalitic (Contributions to the Study of Postencephalitic Parkinsonism), which he defended in 1922. From 1922 to 1926, at the Military Hospital of Bucharest, he completed his neurology internship under the guidance of the eminent neurologist Dumitru Noica and his initiation to surgery under Professor Mihail Butoianu. In 1927, after giving up his military contract, he was transferred to the Jimbolia Hospital by the Ministry of Health to work as an attending neuropsychiatrist. At the end of the same year, with a recommendation from Professor Nicolae Paulescu, he earned a neurosurgery specialisation scholarship under Professor Harvey Cushing in Boston. There, under the guidance of Professor Cushing and Doctor Bailey, he wrote two papers: Le traitement Chirurgical des gommes cérébrales and Intracranial Chordoblastoma, which were published in prestigious medical journals. In 1929, he returned to the Jimbolia Hospital where, in 1930, he performed his first neurosurgical procedures. At the end of 1931, he transferred to the Cernăuți Hospital, again as a neuropsychiatrist, and in the following two years he performed a number of 149 operations on the central nervous system, which are described in the surgical reports written by Doctor Bagdasar himself. In 1934, he transferred to Bucharest, where he performed neurosurgical procedures in two hospitals (Emergency Hospital and Central Hospital) and, at the end of the same year, he was tenured as an attending neurosurgeon at the Central Hospital, following a contest organised by the Ministry of Health. From 1935, he worked primarily in the aforementioned hospital but he also performed operations in other hospitals (Emergency, Colțea, Military etc.). Alongside his surgical activity, he was also interested in the histopathology of the operated tumours, he wrote scientific papers based on his own case reports, participated in medical congresses (Bucharest, Bern, Chisinau etc.) and became interested in the social-political issues of the time..., joining the Communist Party in 1943. In 1940, just before the outburst of World War II, he wrote Acute craniocerebral trauma and published it in Probleme de Medicină de Războiu (War Medicine Issues). During the war, due to his over a decade long experience in neurosurgical procedures, he assisted the injured (both militaries and civilians), while also managing common neurosurgical cases in Romania and the adjacent countries and even in Palestine, as a member of the so-called "golden team" (C. Arseni, I. Ionescu, Irina Ogrezeanu-Ionescu). In 1945, he was appointed Minister of Health and at the end of the same year, he became the first professor of neurosurgery in Romania. Unfortunately, his life came to an abrupt end on 16 July 1946 because of a metastatic brain tumour probably caused by primary lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a relatively rare collagenosis manifested as microvasculopathy, excessive cutaneous and visceral fibrosis in a background of autoimmune alteration. Autoimmune vasculopathy in SSc occurs early and begins with endothelial cell activation followed by blood vessel intimal proliferation in a context of defective angiogenesis. The alteration of peripheral micro and macrocirculation in SSc is evident through vascular lesions, such as Raynaud's phenomenon, telangiectasias, acrocyanosis, digital ulcers, gangrene, peripheral pulse deficiency. Our paper details the results of the study on the association between telangiectasias and other types of immune-mediated peripheral vascular lesions that can be identified in SSc. The presence of these peripheral vascular lesions can provide information about the magnitude of the peripheral vasculopathy.Patients and Methods: A total of 37 patients diagnosed with SSc, recruited from a university clinic in Bucharest between February 2019 and March 2020, were enrolled in an observational study. We evaluated the presence of telangiectasias, as a stigma of autoimmune microvasculopathy, and their association with other immune-mediated peripheral vascular lesions that may be present in SSc.Results: The presence of telangiectasias was identified in the absence, but especially in the presence of acrocyanosis and digital ulcerations, and patients with peripheral pulse deficiency almost always had telangiectasias. Less than a quarter of the patients with digital ulcers progressed unfavorably to gangrene, and only one required amputation, telangiectasias being present not only in the patient with amputation but in all patients with gangrene.Conclusion: We appreciate that telangiectasias may be the clinical expression of peripheral vasculopathy characteristic of SSc, they can often be present in association with other peripheral vascular lesions and may represent a valuable indicator for the gangrene risk of digital ulcerations in SSc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper aims to bring to the fore some training methods and equipment that can improve sports performance in swimmers aged 12-14 years. The research, conducted at two swimming centres in Bucharest and Bacău, involved 32 athletes who were divided into two groups as follows: 16 in the experimental group and 16 in the control group. They were elite athletes practising swimming from the age of 5-6 years, 6 to 8 times a week. All of them performed the same in-water training for 14 weeks, but those in the experimental group also used a device to train their respiratory muscles before and after each workout, 3 x 30 inhalations. The research methods used were: literature review, pedagogical observation, experiment, mathematical statistics, and graphical method. The efficiency of the inspiratory muscles was measured using the PowerBreathe K-Series device, which recorded the values of lung capacity, inspiratory muscle strength and power, inspiratory pressure and breathing energy. The obtained results confirm the research hypotheses according to which there is a significant difference (of 36.7%) between the improved times of the two groups in favour of the experimental group, meaning 0.67 hundredths of a second for every 50 m swum in their preferred event after 14 weeks of using the device to train their respiratory muscles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enormous amount of data generated by sensors and other data sources in modern grid management systems requires new infrastructures, such as IoT (Internet of Things) and Big Data architectures. This, in combination with Data Mining techniques, allows the management and processing of all these heterogeneous massive data in order to discover new insights that can help to reduce the energy consumption of the building. In this paper, we describe a developed methodology for an Internet of Things (IoT) system based on a robust big data architecture. This innovative approach, combined with the power of Spark algorithms, has been proven to uncover rules representing hidden connections and patterns in the data extracted from a building in Bucharest. These uncovered patterns were essential for improving the building's energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomass is abundantly present in diverse ecosystems, and is considered to be a highly valuable energy source worldwide due to its high diversity. Agricultural residues contribute substantially to the overall biomass potential. Although all agricultural residues can be used as fuel, their range is limited in practice by the possibilities of production, compaction, transport and use. The present paper presents a technology and the associated technical equipment developed and tested by INMA Bucharest for processing Miscanthus biomass that can be used for various energy purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban landscaping such as green squares, flowerbeds and green pills are the most common, most numerous and most exposed to traffic. Cities in the European community and major cities worldwide are increasingly using perennial flowering plants in urban landscaping and investing in research into the adaptability of these types of plants to harsh urban conditions. Bucharest is only at the beginning of introducing perennial flowering plants in the design of these types of green spaces, as there are no studies on species that are resistant to the level of pollution and environmental conditions of this city. This paper discusses the impact of perennial flowering plants in urban landscaping in Bucharest, in heavily trafficked road and pedestrian areas, presenting both the problems encountered and the good things about the landscaping choices made by the municipality. At the same time, the paper aims to demonstrate the need for the involvement of the municipality and the specialist community in carrying out comprehensive studies on the resilience of perennial flowering plants in the current urban space of Bucharest, as on their use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to make a financial analysis of the Romanian agricultural companies that initiated the listing process at the Bucharest Stock Exchange. The analysis is based on the financial data of the listed companies, covering the period 2020-2022, years subject to the shocks of the pandemic crisis caused by COVID-19. At the same time, an analysis was carried out on the stock market where companies with an agricultural profile are increasingly present. In this paper, a qualitative analysis of the decisions of the companies that initiated this procedure and the impact of these decisions was carried out. Based on our findings, we identify several recipes for success that may be useful to decision makers in the context of other financing or investment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a large body of research showcasing the enormous potential of digitalization in adressing several challanges public sector faces, such as bureacracy, transparency, efficiency, a better interaction with citizens, providing successfull examples and best practices. However, empirical research focusing on the user experience is not so well represented in the literature, despite the fact that one the key goals of e-services is to fit the needs and expectations of the citizens. In this paper we focus on digitalisation from the perspective of the beneficiaries, who from a total quality management approach should be the first to inform digitalization initiatives, but who in most cases are just passive receivers of the digitalization outcomes. We place our attention on urban mobility services offered by Sector 4 Bucharest Municipality because both before and during the pandemic they proved to be highly digital. Our findings reveal both the users', as well as the public services providers' perspective, suggesting that although the perceived levels of digitalization and satisfaction with e-services are quite high, there is plenty of room for improving the quality of e-services by involving both citizens and employees in the design process and by boosting their level of digital skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemp is not a crop prohibited or restricted by law, only that such a plantation must be authorized and monitored by the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development. Beyond the impediment to authorization and monitoring, hemp cultivation brings more than profitable gains to those who invest in it. It is grown for its relatively high natural fiber content and for its seeds rich in drying oil. Hemp fibers are longer than flax, very durable and quite resistant. They are used to make a wide range of rot-resistant textiles, even in water. Short fibers (tows) are used in the manufacture of mattresses as well as as an insulating material. Lately, the market demand for green hemp inflorescence has increased. The paper will present the partial results obtained in a research project in which a piece of equipment for harvesting green hemp stems was grounded and made in order to process these stems to obtain fibers. However, there are factors in the agro-industrial chain that limit the large-scale marketing of these crops and their products. From an agronomic point of view, some of the problems are associated with technological gaps in harvesting technologies, which prevent the full exploitation of some crops. For example, the production of high-quality textile fibers depends primarily on the quality of the raw material, which in turn is linked, inter alia, to the efficiency of the harvesting system adopted. In most cases, these systems have been developed locally, based on available solutions related to specific local agricultural practice. The purpose of this paper is to present a review of existing mechanical harvesting systems for hemp fiber crops with special reference to hemp. In addition, the paper will provide a description of the innovations that have been adopted in recent years to improve harvesting processes to increase the value of these crops and their products, made by INMA Bucharest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims at describing two dimensions of acquirers' behaviour when purchasing minority shares in Romanian listed target companies, based on a sample of 710 Romanian minority acquisitions. The first dimension regards the acquirer's decision to invest a certain amount, being influenced by the profitability of the target company The relationship was found to be positive and significant. To test the model further, a sample of 308 transactions was used, after excluding the transactions involving primary sector and blue-chip target companies. The second dimension focuses on the amount of purchased stake, which leads to either financial gains or the takeover intention, under the influence of the target company's operational profit. The results show a positive and significant relationship for the small stakes and a non-significant one for the high stakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to delve deeply into the current understanding of the ways in which the transition from a central-based economy to an economy relying on free competition has led to changes in the big urban centers, bringing about a change in the relationships with the suburban areas. The authors take into account the high population density, the lack of space, and the elevated price of land within the big cities, which leads to urban functions migrating beyond the administrative boundaries, thus favoring the process of suburbanization. Given the context, commercial forces shift, migrating from the center to the urban peripheries or even outside them. This research is based on a comprehensive process of participative investigation (2012–2022) in Bucharest, Romania's capital city. The research relies on field investigation, statistical and quantitative analyses and bibliographical sources. The conclusions rely primarily on the idea that political changes cannot be separated from economic, cultural and environmental ones, highlighting globalizing flows and the development of big cities. Industrial activities, strongly developed within a central-based economy, have significantly declined, which is partly compensated for by the development of the tertiary sector and, in particular, of commercial services leading to a functional reconversion of the urban peripheries and of suburban areas. The conclusions suggest that it is very important to be highly careful regarding the dilemmas and challenges ensuing from uncontrolled urban growth; therefore, several measures of urban planning should be taken with a view to achieving a better cooperation between urban stakeholders and those from the metropolitan areas so as to attain some common objectives in infrastructure in order to reach an integrated regional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various studies have revealed a revival of the cooperation projects of Central and Eastern European countries. This reality has been materialised by the emergence of projects such as the Three Seas Initiative or the Bucharest Format. The thesis of the present research is that the main cohesive factor of the "inter-seas" states is the Russian aggression in Ukraine together with the aggressive policy undertaken by the Russian state. The investigative approach of the research followed the missions, goals, or media reports of the mentioned programs. The objective of the investigation is to capture the link between Russian aggression in Ukraine and the stimulation of regional cooperation. As will be revealed throughout the paper, the subject is gaining an increasing attention. In this aspect the significance of the research grows. Various hypotheses have appeared regarding the emergence and purposes of TSI or B9. The present research attempts to clarify the main reason for the collaboration of the mentioned states. It captures an important dimension of the projects by confirming a major general reason for their existence. The results of the present investigation reveal that Russian aggression in Ukraine and the aggressive nature of the Russian Federation's foreign policy have been a real leitmotiv in the formation and development of joint projects in the Intermarium area. Both TSI and B9 emerged from the desire of the Balto- Pontic Isthmus states to ensure the security and resilience of the Eastern flank of the Western World. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work is inspired by the concerns of biologist and botanist Traian Săvulescu (1889-1963), founder of the Romanian School of Phytopathology, who in 1928 founded the annual publication Phytosanitary condition in Romania, which presented the manifestation of various diseases in many host plant species, the first publication of this type in the world, followed by similar publications in the United States, Germany, and the Netherlands. Later, the entomologist Constantin Manolache (1906-1977), together with various collaborators, began to publish the situation of animal pests of plants grown in Romania. Both Traian Săvulescu and Constantin Manolache were teachers at the "Nicolae Bălcescu" Agronomic Institute in Bucharest. Fruit tree biodiversity is crucial for nutrition and ecosystem resilience around the world. Phytopathogenic and entomological biodiversity is of particular importance because diseases and pests of fruit trees cause significant loss of quality and quantity. Phytosanitary control plays an important role in reducing these losses. This paper presents the diseases and pests detected in fruit tree species in the experimental field of the Faculty of Horticulture-UASVM Bucharest, during the vegetation period of 2020 and 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pawpaw (Asimina triloba Dunal) is a native North American fruit species that belongs to the Annonaceae family. In Romania, it was introduced for the first time in 1926, by Suciu family from Alba County, but for many decades remained unknown. Extended studies on the plant and new varieties are made at the Experimental Field, within the Faculty of Horticulture in Bucharest, starting with 2000. The purpose of this paper is to present the sensory evaluation of some pawpaw processed products: pawpaw ice cream; pawpaw yoghurt; pawpaw with sweet cottage cheese; pawpaw chocolate bar. Customers’ perception consisted on the evaluation of general appearance, colour, texture, taste and flavour, noticed with grades from 1 to 7. The results showed that most of analysed products have been positively appreciated by consumers and their preferences varied with gender, age and origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the Faculty of Horticulture in Bucharest, an important collection of fig (Ficus carica L.) genotypes found in Romania and some introduced from Italy, was started in 2015 and since then its evaluation is in process. The paper presents the results regarding the behaviour of some fig genotypes grown in the climatic conditions of Northern area of Bucharest, using an organic crop technology. Fruits measurements in accordance with IPGRI descriptors are presented. Fruit biochemical characteristics as soluble solids, total solids, acidity, glucose and fructose content are also presented. All the analyzed parameters were influenced by the genotype. The results showed that some of the local and foreign genotypes had a late harvesting or very small fruits. The genotypes that produced good results concerning fruit quality, such as: size, biochemical composition and cracking resistance, will be studied in the next years in order to observe their productivity, earliness and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper presents the main features on the trading of financial instruments rated on the Unlisted market. The purpose of this paper is to give a general framework to study modalities of stock analysis of unlisted tools on the Bucharest Stock Exchange. In the introduction of the study elements referring to the objectives, research methodology, innovations of this research are presented, specialized literature being also reviewed. The first paragraph summarizes the main stock markets in Romania pursuing that in the following paragraphs it will focus strictly on the market of the instruments listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange, for which a case study in ALBAPAM JS. has been conducted by performing stock analysis and, after the main legislation is presented, which discusses Rasdaq dismantling, finally, after submitting all the information found in the content of the paper, the findings for each paragraph were presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to analyze the regional level trends of the rural population, in the period 2010-2018. We used the following demographic indicators: rural population, rural internal migration, natural population growth in rural areas, rural female population, rural female fertile contingent, rural elderly population, rural young female population and labor force indicators: female labor renewal in rural areas, rural employed population, rural employment rate, unemployment in rural areas, rural unemployment rate, rural employed population by activity sectors. If in the period 2005-2010 there are trends of deruralization, starting with 2010 a reversal of trend is identified: in all development regions we identify a sharp increase in the percentage of rural population. The accentuated increase of rurality is mainly due to the internal migration of the population, with a positive balance in the rural environment. On the other hand, the analysis of the data regarding the fertile female quota shows that the share of the fertile female population decreased in all development regions, hence the negative values of the natural population growth, all in the context of the constant accentuated increase of the elderly population. From the perspective of the structure by sectors of activity of the employed population, the following are highlighted: predominantly agrarian areas: North-East Region, South-West Oltenia Region and South-East Region - areas dominated by industry and constructions, Central Region and West Region, areas dominated by services Bucharest- Ilfov Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is based on the study of various reports and different type of articles regarding the EU sheep meat production and sheep meat's quality. In order to determine the Romanian consumers' perception regarding the quality of sheep meat, a questionnaire was prepared which was completed during April-June 2020 by 118 students from Sibiu and Bucharest. Sheep meat is consumed throughout the year in the families of the young people investigated (27.9). It is purchased mainly fresh (85.6%) and comes from their own farm or from other farmers (77.2%).The most well-known and consumed sheep meat preparations are lamb steak (75.4%) and pastrami (67.8). Sheep is cooked at home, in the family (85%). The young generation believes that the most effective way to promote the consumption of sheep meat is the advertising made from person to person. The data on the composition of sheep meat are generally known. The biggest influence on the consumption of sheep meat had on the respondents their family (74.6%). Promoting the consumption of sheep meat among young people contributes to the development of the sheep sector in particular and to sustainable rural development in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Statistics show that by 2050 there will be a doubling of the population of the globe, as the earth's surface undergoes numerous transformations that risk reducing the surface of living areas more and more (recent fire in Australia, melting glaciers, desertification, etc.). Under these conditions, the need to find intelligent solutions that contribute to solving the problems related to less and less available resources, to the needs of environmental protection, to ensuring comfort in urban agglomerations, to ensuring safety in these environments is becoming stronger, which requires ensuring an integrated management that responds to the modern demands of humanity, as well as solving these problems. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between demography and the development of smart cities. In this sense, the methodology consisted in the analysis of the specialized literature, as well as of the statistical data presented in different databases, which were the basis for the formulation of opinions and conclusions on how to modernize the cities that could thus become intelligent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]