Search

Vietnam's agricultural exports to China have remained strong, with the country maintaining its position as the top destination for Agri-products. This article primarily utilizes the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) Index, and Trade Complementarity (TC) index to examine the trade comparative advantage, and the complementary of twenty major agricultural products between China and Vietnam from 2012 to 2021. The study results showed that Vietnam and China frequently exchange agricultural products. Vietnam has more stronger competitiveness than China in terms of agricultural products. China's exports to Vietnam were highly complementary to Vietnam's imports in category 0 whiles Vietnam's exports to China showed strong complementarity with China's imports in category 2. This paper analyzes the complementarity and comparative advantages of agricultural trade between China and Vietnam, and proposes informed suggestions for policy-making to promote agricultural trade between the countries. The proposed suggestions aim to expand agricultural trade between the two countries, reduce the trade imbalance, and achieve mutual benefit and win-win results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In response to the quantitative demand for the practical deployment of applications and the need to enhance the detection accuracy of wildlife in complex field environments in southwest China and neighboring regions, we have refined the wildlife detection algorithm based on re-parameterized convolution. This refinement is specifically targeted at addressing the challenges posed by the low quality of wildlife images captured by camera traps and the limitations of traditional object detection algorithms in feature extraction capability. To address these issues, we have introduced a series of improvement schemes. As a result of these enhancements, there has been a noteworthy improvement in both the accuracy of wildlife detection and the speed of model inference. This advancement offers a convenient and efficient method for the preliminary detection in the context of automated wildlife monitoring. To autonomously detect wildlife images captured by camera traps on a platform with limited resources and address challenges such as filtering out photos without optimal objects, as well as classifying and localizing species in photos with objects, we introduce a specialized wildlife object detector tailored for camera traps. This detector is developed using a dataset acquired by the Saola Working Group (SWG) through camera traps deployed in Vietnam and Laos. Utilizing the YOLOv6-N object detection algorithm as its foundation, the detector is enhanced by a tailored optimizer for improved model performance. We deliberately introduce asymmetric convolutional branches to enhance the feature characterization capability of the Backbone network. Additionally, we streamline the Neck and use CIoU loss to improve detection performance. For quantitative deployment, we refine the RepOptimizer to train a pure VGG-style network. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method empowers the model to achieve an 88.3% detection accuracy on the wildlife dataset in this paper. This accuracy is 3.1% higher than YOLOv6-N, and surpasses YOLOv7-T and YOLOv8-N by 5.5% and 2.8%, respectively. The model consistently maintains its detection performance even after quantization to the INT8 precision, achieving an inference speed of only 6.15 ms for a single image on the NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX device. The improvements we introduce excel in tasks related to wildlife image recognition and object localization captured by camera traps, providing practical solutions to enhance wildlife monitoring and facilitate efficient data acquisition. Our current work represents a significant stride toward a fully automated animal observation system in real-time in-field applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Muzealnictwo is the property of Index Copernicus International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The surprising resilience of current communist states towards democratic opening and a mainstream neoliberal economic 'way-of-life' in the past did not hamper their economic performances and development perspectives as much as we would expect. In the countries that are one-party states, in which the institutions of the ruling party and the state have become intertwined, ostensibly arguing for political and economic equality, still maintaining a firm control over the economic resources, we could expect economic relationships that are au contraire modern economic trends. However, China for example, a supposedly communist economy, with its breathtaking socio-economic progress, elusively ignores mainstream economic vocation, progressively advancing towards establishing itself as a sacrosanct economic force. In that manner, the goal of this paper is to (1) evaluate the dynamics of relevant macroeconomic variables in three current communist states (China, Laos and Vietnam) in order to (2) expose possible deviations to modern capitalist trends as well as to (3) provide relevant information that can serve as a guideline for macro policies. For that purpose, we analyzed the relationship between the GDP, price, money and the exchange rate by using VAR modeling. Results revealed coherent macroeconomic dynamics with a causality that is in accordance to a common capitalist economic framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The situation of the COVID-19 outbreak in the border areas of China and Vietnam is complex, and its progress may affect the willingness of urban and rural residents to receive the vaccine. Objective: This study aims to understand the influence of the COVID-19 epidemic situation on the willingness of urban and rural residents in China-Vietnam border areas to get vaccinated and the factors that affect the vaccinations. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Hani-Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Honghe, a border area between China and Vietnam, using online and paper questionnaires from April 1 to June 4, 2021. A total of 8849 valid questionnaires were surveyed to compare the differences in the willingness of urban and rural residents to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Single factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore the influence of the epidemic situation on the willingness to be vaccinated. Results: In the border areas between China and Vietnam in Yunnan Province, both urban and rural residents had a high willingness (> 90%) to receive the COVID-19 vaccination, with a higher level of willingness in urban than in rural areas and a higher willingness among residents aged ≥ 56 years. Rural residents mainly concerned about the vaccination were different from urban residents (p< 0.05). About 54.8% of urban respondents and 59.2% of rural respondents indicated that their willingness to get COVID-19 vaccine would be affected by new COVID-19 cases. Respondents who were divorced, had an occupation other than farming, had contraindications to vaccination, were concerned about the safety of vaccines and worried about virus mutation, thought that the epidemic situation would not affect their willingness to get vaccinated (p< 0.05). Conclusion: The prevention and control of epidemics in border areas is of considerable importance. It is necessary to conduct targeted health education and vaccine knowledge popularization among urban and rural residents to increase the vaccination rate and consolidate the epidemic prevention and control at the border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fourteen symphytognathid species belonging to three genera are examined, including the descriptions of eight new species and two new genera from China, Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar: Patu Marples, 1951: P. catba S. Li & Lin, sp. nov. (♂, Vietnam), P. dakou S. Li & Lin, sp. nov. (♂♀, China), P. damtao S. Li & Lin, sp. nov. (♂, Vietnam), P. jiangzhou S. Li & Lin, sp. nov. (♀, China), P. jidanweishi Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 (♂♀, China), P. nagarat S. Li & Lin, sp. nov. (♂♀, Thailand), P. nigeri Lin & S. Li, 2009 (♀, China), P. putao S. Li & Lin, sp. nov. (♀, Myanmar), P. qiqi Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 (♀, China) and P. xiaoxiao Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009 (♂♀, China); Kirinua S. Li & Lin, gen. nov.: K. maguai S. Li & Lin, sp. nov. (♂♀, China) and K. yangshuo S. Li & Lin, sp. nov. (♂♀, China); Swilda S. Li & Lin, gen. nov.: S. longtou (Miller, Griswold & Yin, 2009), comb. nov. (♂♀, China) is transferred from Crassignatha Wunderlich, 1995 and S. spinathoraxi (Lin & S. Li, 2009), comb. nov. (♂♀, China) is transferred from Patu. Diagnoses, descriptions and illustrations are provided for new taxa, as well as a distribution map. The males of P. xiaoxiao and S. longtou are described for the first time. Type specimens of P. jidanweishi, P. nigeri, P. qiqi, P. xiaoxiao, S. longtou and S. spinathoraxi are re-examined and photographed. All Asian Patu species are revised and two species, P. kishidai Shinkai, 2009 and P. bispina Lin, Pham & S. Li, 2009, are transferred to Crassignatha and proposed as new combinations: Crassignatha kishidai comb. nov. and C. bispina comb. nov. In addition, DNA barcodes and genetic distances of ten species treated in this paper were obtained to confirm identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changing population age structure has a significant influence on the economy, society, and numerous other aspects of a country. This paper has innovatively applied the method of compositional data forecasting for the prediction of population age changes of the young (aged 0–14), the middle-aged (aged 15–64), and the elderly (aged older than 65) in China, India, and Vietnam by 2030 based on data from 1960 to 2016. To select the best-suited forecasting model, an array of data transformation approaches and forecasting models have been extensively employed, and a large number of comparisons have been made between the aforementioned methods. The best-suited model for each country is identified considering the root mean squared error and mean absolute percent error values from the compositional data. As noted in this study, first and foremost, it is predicted that by the year 2030, China will witness the disappearance of population dividend and get mired in an aging problem far more severe than that of India or Vietnam. Second, Vietnam’s trend of change in population age structure resembles that of China, but the country will sustain its good health as a whole. Finally, the working population of India demonstrates a strong rising trend, indicating that the age structure of the Indian population still remains relatively “young”. Meanwhile, the continuous rise in the proportion of elderly population and the gradual leveling off growth of the young population have nevertheless become serious problems in the world. The present paper attempts to offer crucial insights into the Asian population size, labor market and urbanization, and, moreover, provides suggestions for a sustainable global demographic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The various possibilities that social media offers to language learners and teachers have long been recognized by researchers within the field of language instruction, and many studies have been carried out in an attempt to address and unpack its potential contributions. This paper aims to review such research on the use of mainstream social media in language teaching and learning published in "Computer Assisted Language Learning," a top tier (i.e., Q1) journal indexed in major citation index systems (e.g., Arts & Humanities Citation Index, the Social Sciences Citation Index and Scopus), between the years 2016-2020 inclusive. For the purposes of the study, a total of 23 articles that meet the selection criteria is reviewed and presented in five sections. The first section deals with the majority of the articles, which are found to be on the use of social networking in language teaching and learning. In the following sections, studies on the use of videoconferencing, wikis, blogging and forums are discussed. Collectively, the studies reviewed in this paper outline a critical role for the use of social media in language instruction and the study aims to provide valuable insights for researchers, teachers and learners.

This paper defines and reviews the Gonioctena subgeminata species group of the subgenus Asiphytodecta Chen, 1935. The group contains the following five species, including two new to science: G. subgeminata (Chen, 1934), G. tonkinensis (Chen, 1934), G. oudai Cho & Borowiec, 2016, G. allardi sp. nov., and G. mantillerii sp. nov. The species group restricted to China and Vietnam is characterized by a labrum without a tooth-like projection, elytral punctures arranged in discernible rows, and a setose aedeagus with a broad apical process. Gonioctena tonkinensis is newly reported as an ovoviviparous species. Habitus photographs, illustrations of diagnostic characters of each species, and a key to the species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Guihaia is the property of Guihaia Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background The rising incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has generated growing concern globally; yet there are no studies examining whether this incidence was followed by a rise in related mortality. We aimed to comprehensively quantify current trends and future projections of TC incidence and mortality, and to explore the association between the TC burden and socioeconomic inequality in different income strata. Methods We obtained incidence and mortality data on TC and population from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study and the United Nations' World Population Prospects 2022. We applied an age-period-cohort (APC) model to estimate the overall annual percentage change (net drift) and age, period, and cohort effects from 1990 to 2019, and also constructed a Bayesian APC model to predict the TC burden through 2030. Results Over a third of global TC cases belonged to the high-income group. From 1990 to 2019, net drifts of TC incidence were >0 in all income groups, while a modest reduction (net drift <0) in mortality was observed in most income groups, except for the lower-middle-income group. Unfavourable age, period, and cohort effects were most notable in Vietnam, China, and Korea. The age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) is predicted to increase whereas the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) is expected to decrease globally between 2020 and 2030, with geographic heterogeneity being detected across income groups. We observed a positive correlation between ASIR and universal health coverage index and health worker density, but a negative one between ASMR and the two indicators, primarily in upper-middle-income and high-income countries. Conclusions Opposite patterns in incidence and mortality of TC raise concerns about overdiagnosis, particularly in upper-middle-income and high-income countries. Discrepancies in the distribution of health service accessibility, including diagnostic techniques and therapeutic care, should be addressed by narrowing health inequalities in the TC burden across countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to illuminate change processes in Vietnam, China, and the USSR. Design/methodology/approach - "Policy ethnography" may be used to examine the emergence of policy rationalities that may or may not be locally, feasible. Through the use of a conceptual heuristics to interpret practice, this paper contrasts approaches in the development of "conservative" transition rationalities suited to the shift from plan to market whilst retaining a ruling Communist Party in power. Comparison is made between Vietnam, where a successful "conservative" transition occurred, and a failed policy experiment in the Soviet Union. The discussion extends to China, where, as in the case of Vietnam, a policy-oriented policy rationality of transition may be observed. Findings - Through the use of a conceptual heuristics to interpret practice this paper, contrasts approaches in the development of "conservative" transition rationalities suited to the shift from plan to. market whilst retaining a ruling Communist Party in power. Comparison is made between Vietnam, where a successful "conservative" transition occurred, and a failed policy experiment in the Soviet Union. The discussion extends to China, where, as in the case of Vietnam, a policy-oriented policy rationality of transition may be observed. Research limitations/implications - Further research into the development of conservative policy rationalities in other context is advised. Practical implications - The paper concludes that attaining a successful heuristics amongst policy consumers is likely a necessary condition of a managed conservative transition, and that, this heuristics does well to define system changes as a process, rather than a discrete step, in constructing a cognitive basis for policy rationality. Originality/value - The paper consistently avoids realist arguments about policy, which would suggest judgments as to whether policy is "correct" or "incorrect", and focuses upon the creation of policy rationalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) had been close-knit allies since the the formation of the two states. However, they gradually moved apart in approaches towards regional and international affairs in the late 1960s and 1970s. This paper offers an account for the deterioration of Sino-Vietnamese relations in the 1970s. It is original in the sense that it focuses on exploring the perceptions of Vietnam and China that led to the competition for alliances, which has not been fully addressed in existing literature. This research employs the balance of threat theory in international relations - which argues that states commonly pursue an alliance strategy to balance against perceived threats - as the primary analytical framework to analyse primary and secondary sources and historical documents in Sino-Vietnamese relations. This study's main finding is that the different perceptions of threats in China and Vietnam has led the two countries to pursue balancing strategies to counter these threats. Such balancing acts led to a situation of security dilemma and it eventually ended up with a period of turbulent bilateral relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China and Vietnam have achieved remarkable economic growth since the reforms and opening of their economies (China with its economic reform and opening in 1978 and Vietnam with its economic renovation in 1986). Through the reform process, until now, the two countries have achieved remarkable achievements in economic growth. It is thus necessary to mention the role and contribution of the private sector in each economy. This article aims to analyze and compare the Chinese and Vietnamese policies toward the private sector and roles played by this sector in each economy since these two countries conducted reform and opened their economy until the present. From this comparison, we hope to find out the implications for Vietnam in developing the private sector. The findings of this paper are: (1) in general, China and Vietnam were similar in directions and policy toward private sector development since their launching of economic reform and renovation, respectively, (2) the private sector has contributed to the development of each economy, (3) the contribution of the private sector to the economy in China is much more than the case of Vietnam, especially in export, R&D and transformation of industrial structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Michelia balansae var. balansae (Aug. Candolle) Dandy is a timber and spices species in Magnoliaceae, native to China and Vietnam. In this paper, the complete chloroplast genome (cpDNA) and basic annotated information were reported and its phylogenetic relationship with other species in Magnoliaceae was analyzed. The size of chloroplast genome of M. balansae var. balansae is 160,134 bp, which exhibited a typical quadripartite structure comprising a large single-copy (LSC) region of 88,161 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,845 bp separated by a pair identical inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 26,564 bp each. The chloroplast genome contains 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and 8 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that M. balansae var. balansae is most affinal to M. montana and they form a nomophyletic group with other 14 Michelia species. This Michelia clade is sister to the Aromadendron clade with high support. All genera mentioned in this analysis are nomophyletic under the system of Magnoliaceae by Sima and Lu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecologists have generally concluded that species distributions are not random (e.g. aggregate), based on single‐species studies that applied single‐species–based statistical methods, like the negative binomial model. Although it is common knowledge that some specific species in an ecological community present aggregate distributions, this does not necessarily imply that the entire community presents an aggregate distribution. Studying community‐level distributional aggregation patterns requires different statistical methods.Herein, by utilizing a novel conspecific‐encounter index derived from a multiple species Markov transition model that accounts for the non‐independent sampling of consecutive individuals along line transects, we were able to show that tree assemblages in tropical forest ecosystems can present a strong signal of extensive distributional interspersion.This interesting result is not unexpected, given the fact that neighbouring tree individuals in highly diverse tropical forests are usually of different species, resulting in strong niche packing or interspersed patterns. In contrast, for the amphibian assemblages surveyed from southwestern China and central‐south Vietnam, the conspecific‐encounter index was found to be consistently high, implying that amphibian communities tend to be highly aggregate in space.Conclusively, using the conspecific‐encounter index derived from the Markov non‐independent sampling model, we provide a legible definition of community‐level distributional aggregation as an interspersed or cluster‐like distribution of different species. This definition is not idiosyncratic, as it is coincident with the definition of the contagion index used in landscape ecology. To this end, the model used in this paper establishes a framework explicitly linking community ecology and landscape ecology from a multi‐object perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The US-China Trade War has made relations between the two countries undergo the most difficult period in the past 40 years. It not only affects the growth of the world's two largest economies but also that of the world economy. The paper presents and analyzes shortterm, medium-term and long-term goals of the United States for China in line with China's response. Some initial conclusions are drawn thereby. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a vital artery of international trade, the South China Sea has raised severe conflicts, mainly due to China's geopolitical ambitions. This situation is posing several security problems in the South China Sea, not only among the countries directly involved in the dispute but also for the region and the world. Vietnam has emerged as China's main rival in the South China Sea, therefore the maritime security has become an important issue for the development of the nation. The paper mainly discusses some issues arising on Vietnam's current situation of maritime sovereignty and security in the South China Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primulina malipoensis, a new species from limestone areas around the Sino-Vietnamese border, is described and illustrated. This new species is morphologically similar to P. maguanensis and P. lungzhouensis, but obviously differs from the latter two species by its pale greenish-yellow flowers (vs. purple, with different colour patterns). The phylogenetic affinity, illustration and photographs of this new species are provided in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research capacity is scarce in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings. Social determinants of health research (SDH) is an area in which research capacity is lacking, particularly in Asian countries. SDH research can support health decision-makers, inform policy and thereby improve the overall health and wellbeing of the population. In order to continue building this capacity, we need to know to what extent training exists and how challenges could be addressed from the perspective of students and staff. This paper aims to describe the challenges involved in training scholars to undertake research on the SDH in four Asian countries - China, India, Oman and Vietnam.Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with research scholars, research supervisors and principal investigators (n = 13) at ARCADE partner institutions, which included eight universities and research institutes. In addition, structured questionnaires (n = 70) were used to collect quantitative data relating to the courses available, teaching and supervisory capacity, and related issues for students being trained in research on SDH. Simple descriptive statistics were calculated from the quantitative data and thematic analysis applied to the qualitative data.Results: We identified a general lack of training courses focusing on SDH. Added to this, PhD students studying related areas reported inadequate supervision, with limited time allocated to meetings and poor interpersonal communication. Supervisors cited interpersonal communication problems and student lack of skills to perform high quality research as challenges to research training. Further challenges reported included a lack of research funding to include SDH-related topics. Finally, it was suggested that there was a need for institutions to define clear and appropriate standards regarding admission and supervision of students to higher education programs awarding doctoral degrees.Conclusions: There are gaps in training for research on the SDH at the surveyed universities and research institutes, which are likely to also be present in other Asian countries and their higher education institutions. Some of the barriers to high quality research and research training can be addressed by improved training for supervisors, clearly defined standards of supervision, finances for student stipends, and increased use of information and communication technology to increase access to teaching materials. Increased opportunities for online learning could be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a less-powerful state threatened by a rising China in both security and economic domains irrespective of increasing economic cooperation and sharing a border and political affinity with China, Vietnam is expected to warmly welcome the United States (US) -led Indo-Pacific Strategy (IPS) The country, nonetheless, has remained low-key in responding to the IPS. The article argues that Hanoi is truly interested in a regional rules-based order promoted in the IPS, but it has proposed a hedging response to this strategy through cautious statements and limited engagement in into this strategy. Vietnam’s hedging response to the IPS is framed by its post-Doi Moi foreign policy of independence, self-reliance, multilateralisation, and diversification. The year 2023 marks a milestone in bilateral relations between the US and Vietnam as both states upgraded their diplomatic relations to comprehensive strategic partnership which is the highest level in Vietnamese diplomatic ranking. This may become a favourable catalyst for further cooperation between Washington and Hanoi under the IPS within the context of a rising China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the effects of the trade war on US wooden furniture imports by product category (kitchen, bedroom, other) and exporting source (e.g., China, European Union, Vietnam) using a two‐stage demand procedure and general nested demand framework. There were significant competitive relationships across exporting countries. However, when both trade creation and diversion were considered, competitive relationships either diminished or became complementary. Consequently, elimination of the trade‐war tariffs would increase imports from China but would also benefit countries like Vietnam. However, results indicate that imports from China would still be significantly less than pretrade war levels if the tariffs are eliminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Geological movements and climatic fluctuations stand as pivotal catalysts driving speciation and phylogenetic evolution. The genus Polyspora Sweet (Theaceae), prominently found across the Malay Archipelagos and Indochina Peninsula in tropical Asia, exhibits its northernmost distribution in China. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary and biogeographical history of the genus Polyspora in China, shedding light on the mechanisms by which these species respond to ancient geological and climatic fluctuations. Methods: Phylogenetic relationships of 32 representative species of Theaceae were reconstructed based on the chloroplast genome and ribosome 18-26 S rRNA datasets. Species divergence time was estimated using molecular clock and five fossil calibration. The phylogeography and population genetics in 379 individuals from 32 populations of eight species were analyzed using chloroplast gene sequences (trnH-psbA, rpoB-trnC and petN-psbM), revealing the glacial refugia of each species, and exploring the causes of the phylogeographic patterns. Results: We found that Chinese Polyspora species diverged in the middle Miocene, showing a tropical-subtropical divergence order. A total of 52 haplotypes were identified by the combined chloroplast sequences. Chinese Polyspora exhibited a distinct phylogeographical structure, which could be divided into two clades and eight genealogical subdivisions. The divergence between the two clades occurred approximately 20.67 Ma. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that the genetic variation mainly occurred between species (77.91%). At the species level, Polyspora axillaris consists of three lineages, while P. speciosa had two lineages. The major lineages of Chinese Polyspora diverged between 12 and 15 Ma during the middle to late Miocene. The peak period of haplotype differentiation in each species occurred around the transition from the last interglacial to the last glacial period, approximately 6 Ma ago. Conclusion: The primary geographical distribution pattern of Chinese Polyspora was established prior to the last glacial maximum, and the population historical dynamics were relatively stable. The geological and climatic turbulence during the Quaternary glacial period had minimal impact on the distribution pattern of the genus. The genus coped with Quaternary climate turbulence by glacial in situ survival in multiple refuges. The Sino-Vietnam border and Nanling corridor might be the genetic mixing center of Polyspora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environment & Urbanization is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper compares the changing strategies of women and their families during the economic transition in China and Vietnam. Employment strategies to improve the family's well-being have resulted in increased rural-urban migration by men and young women, while middle-aged, married women remain in the countryside taking care of the farms and children. Although women have been able to take advantage of new opportunities for employment in nonstate firms and their own entrepreneurial endeavors, their employment strategies are limited by increasing discrimination in hiring and layoffs. Moreover, the policy problems play out within the family in changing bargaining power, including decisions about education and health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Nam Xe REE deposit is of hydrothermal origin. • Nam Xe REE deposit has two episodes of REE mineralization at 45–44 Ma and 35–31 Ma. • Two episodes of REE mineralization coincide with the main- and late-collisional periods of the India-Asia convergence, respectively. Carbonatite-related rare-earth element (REE) deposits are developed in large areas of southwestern China and northwestern Vietnam on the SW margin of the South China block. The ages of REE deposits and their host carbonatite-alkaline rocks in southwestern China have been tightly constrained in the 35–10 Ma interval, but those in northwestern Vietnam remain poorly understood. In this paper, we present new Th–Pb dating results to constrain the timing of mineralization of the Nam Xe REE deposit in northwestern Vietnam, and to reveal its possible relationship to the well-studied REE deposits in southwestern China. The Nam Xe deposit consists of three types of REE ores: Type 1, fine-grained disseminated ores; Type 2, coarse-grained, taxitic ores; and Type 3, REE veinlets. The mineral assemblages and their close relations to hydrothermal alteration, combined with the trace element patterns of the ore minerals, indicate a hydrothermal origin for all the three ore types. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry Th–Pb dating of monazite yielded weighted-mean Th–Pb ages of 45–44 Ma for type 1 ores and 35–32 Ma for type 2 and 3 varieties, whereas the LA-ICPMS dating of bastnäsite has ages of 35–31 Ma for types 2 and 3, revealing two REE mineralization events at 45–44 and 35–31 Ma in the Nam Xe deposit. The age of type 1 ores overlaps the main-collision period of India-Asia collisional orogeny (65–41 Ma) which confirms carbonatite-related REE mineralization could form in the main-collisional geological setting. The ages of types 2 and 3 ores are consistent with those of the Mianning–Dechang REE metallogenic belt in southwestern China that formed under a late-collision extensional setting (40–26 Ma). Combined with existing geochronological data, results presented here suggest that the Nam Xe REE deposit formed both in the main- and late-collisional settings and represents the southern extension of the Mianning–Dechang REE metallogenic belt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cao vit gibbon (Nomascus nasutus) is one of the rarest primates on Earth and now only survives in a single forest patch of less than 5000 ha on the Vietnam–China border. Accurate monitoring of the last remaining population is critical to inform ongoing conservation interventions and track conservation success over time. However, traditional methods for monitoring gibbons, involving triangulation of groups from their songs, are inherently subjective and likely subject to considerable measurement errors. To overcome this, we aimed to use 'vocal fingerprinting' to distinguish the different singing males in the population. During the 2021 population survey, we complemented the traditional observations made by survey teams with a concurrent passive acoustic monitoring array. Counts of gibbon group sizes were also assisted with a UAV-mounted thermal camera. After identifying eight family groups in the acoustic data and incorporating long-term data, we estimate that the population was comprised of 74 individuals in 11 family groups, which is 38% smaller than previously thought. We have no evidence that the population has declined—indeed it appears to be growing, with new groups having formed in recent years—and the difference is instead due to double-counting of groups in previous surveys employing the triangulation method. Indeed, using spatially explicit capture-recapture modelling, we uncovered substantial measurement error in the bearings and distances from field teams. We also applied semi- and fully-automatic approaches to clustering the male calls into groups, finding no evidence that we had missed any males with the manual approach. Given the very small size of the population, conservation actions are now even more urgent, in particular habitat restoration to allow the population to expand. Our new population estimate now serves as a more robust basis for informing management actions and tracking conservation success over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of the relationships between industry and academia is stressed by strategists, politicians, Vocational Education Training (VET) policy makers, and industrial planners. Industry without knowledge surely dies, and knowledge without application of that knowledge is valueless. This paper focuses on the relationships between the VET providers and industries. More specifically, the purpose of this paper is (1) to discuss the factors which enhance or constrain the strategic partnership, (2) to present the experiences of this relationship in the developing and developed countries, (3) to propose a model that links the two institutions, the VET providers and industries, in the Vietnamese context.

In the past few decades, with the rapid economic development of China and Vietnam, the marine ecological environment of Beibu Gulf is facing increasing pressure. To understand the impact of anthropogenic inputs on marine ecology, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to study phytoplankton in this paper. We examined the influence of anthropogenic inputs on phytoplankton biomass and community structure in a subtropical estuary. Anthropogenic inputs had significantly increased the nutrient concentration in the estuary between 2010 and 2015. We observed that phosphorus limitation has been greatly relieved in 2015. However, the biomass of dominant phytoplankton was lower in 2015 than in 2010, possibly due to the expansion of oyster farming in the estuary. The coverage of oyster rafts was estimated to be 26.3 km2. The presence of dense oysters may significantly reduce the phytoplankton biomass. The proportion of Diatoms decreased while some nano- and pico-phytoplankton (like Cryptophytes and Prasinophytes) increased, which indicated that oysters changed not only the biomass but also the size of phytoplankton communities. This study improved our understanding of anthropogenic inputs on phytoplankton communities in subtropical estuary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of People & Nature is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the supplier selection criteria, relationship quality and level of collaboration in Asian food businesses, while also examining the link between these practices and business performance. The research focusses on food manufacturing and exporting companies in two emerging economies, China and Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach: Food manufacturing and exporting companies in two emerging economies – China and Vietnam were surveyed and analysed to extract factors that reflect supplier management and business performance along with their relationship by factor analysis and hierarchical regression. Then, a two-step cluster analysis was applied to identify clusters based on supplier management and explore how different business performance groups manage their suppliers. Findings: Four clusters that are distinct sets of food firms with detailed references about their typical characteristics revealing their business performance and supplier management practices. Also, the study confirms that certificates, reliability and inspection results constitute the factor of quality-related criteria for food firms. It is an interesting insight into what firms prioritise in selecting and maintaining collaboration and relationships with suppliers that reflect actual demanding specifications for supplier conformity. Research limitations/implications: The study reveals the business status of the studied companies and each group's specific references, such as the criteria they prefer to select suppliers, the relationship quality and the level of collaboration. Originality/value: The study is a useful reference for both researchers and practitioners to have a comprehensive view of supplier management in the food industry based on the viewpoint of Asian food manufacturers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new species of the family Liocranidae are described from China and Vietnam. The new genus Sinocranum gen. nov., is erected to accommodate S. menghai sp. nov. (♂♀) from China. Further new species described include Koppe ninger sp. nov. (♀) from China, Xantharia baizilongi sp. nov. (♂♀) from China and X. cucphuong sp. nov. (♂) from Vietnam. In addition, Xantharia is transferred from Miturgidae to Liocranidae. Koppe and Xantharia are reported from China and Vietnam, respectively, for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Data on recent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis prevalence among drug users in the Southwest China are sparse despite the high burden of drug use. This study aims at assessing the prevalence trends and related factors of HIV, HCV and syphilis infection among different drug users in the China–Vietnam border area. Methods: A continuous cross-sectional survey was conducted among drug users from 2010 to 2020 in the China–Vietnam border area. Chi-square trend tests were used to assess the trend of HIV, HCV and syphilis prevalence and the proportion for drug type used by drug users. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify associated factors of HIV, HCV and syphilis infection in different drug users. Results: In this study, a total of 28,951 drug users were included, of which 27,893 (96.45%) male, 15,660 (54.09%) aged 13–34 years, 24,543 (84.77%) heroin-only users, 2062 (7.12%) synthetic drug-only (SD-only) users and 2346 (8.10%) poly-drug users. From 2010 to 2020, the proportion of heroin-only users decreased from 87.79% to 75.46%, whereas SD-only users and poly-drug users increased from 5.16% to 16.03%, and from 7.05% to 8.52%, respectively. The prevalence of HIV, HCV, and syphilis during the study period declined from 12.76%, 60.37% and 5.72% to 4.35%, 53.29% and 4.53%, respectively, among heroin-only users and declined from 18.30%, 66.67% and 15.69% to 6.95%, 27.81% and 5.35%, respectively, among poly-drug users; however, the prevalence of HIV and HCV among SD-only users increased from 0.89% and 8.93% to 2.84% and 18.75%, respectively. Having ever injected drugs and needle sharing were common associated factors for both HIV and HCV infection among poly-drug users and heroin-only users. Aged ≥ 35 years old was an associated factor for HIV, HCV and syphilis infection among the SD-only users. Female drug users were at high risk of contracting syphilis among three different drug users. Conclusions: The prevalence of HIV, HCV and syphilis among heroin-only users and poly-drug users decreased during the study period. However, the prevalence of HIV and HCV among SD-only users increased. Comprehensive intervention strategies, particularly focusing on the SD-only users are needed in order to bring down the disease burden in this population in the China–Vietnam border areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 19th century, a multifaceted dynamic unfolded among China, Vietnam, and France. France's ambitions to extend colonial control over Vietnam posed a potential threat to China's security and regional stability. This article delves into the historical context, exploring China's diplomatic and military strategies aimed at safeguarding Vietnam from French colonization. By analyzing historical accounts and scholarly sources, the study illuminates China's efforts to preserve Vietnam's sovereignty. Focusing on pivotal events, diplomatic initiatives, and military campaigns undertaken by China, the research sheds light on the perspectives of notable Chinese diplomats, including Zeng Jize, Tang Yanggeng, Chen Baozhen, and Zhang Peilun. The essay underscores China's pivotal role in protecting Vietnam and maintaining regional security concerns. It highlights the intricate nature of managing diplomatic relations with both Vietnam and France, necessitating a delicate balance. Through a comprehensive examination of historical dynamics, this article enriches our understanding of the intricate connections between China, Vietnam, and France during this critical period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Pseudophoraspis Kirby, 1903 with three new species, Pseudophoraspis clavellata sp. n., Pseudophoraspis recurvata sp. n. and Pseudophoraspis incurvata sp. n., are reported from China for the first time. This extends the range of this genus northward from Vietnam. Species studied in the present paper are illustrated and described, and a key to these species based on males is provided [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines generalized trust and trust in institutions in Confucian Asia, covering six countries namely, China, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan and Vietnam, and one dependent region, Hong Kong. Using data from the 2006 AsiaBarometer Survey, our study affirms the reliability and validity of using a two-item scale to measure generalized trust. Our analysis suggests that due to demographic differences, there are variations in the level of generalized trust of countries in Confucian Asia, despite the fact that these societies share a similar background in Confucian philosophy. The relationships between generalized trust and political trust, and between generalized trust and trust in public institutions, are weak but positive. The positive relationship between generalized trust and trust in economic institutions is only significant for some of the economies, while trust in international institutions has the weakest relationship with generalized trust for all societies. We conclude the paper with research implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This commentary on the papers collected in this special issue identifies certain recurring themes from the papers and examines these in light of the urban transitions now being experienced by Vietnam and China, as elsewhere in Asia. These include: tensions in state-society relations as expressed in processes of periurbanization; the effects of the expansion of market relations in land and urban development; the persistence of the discursive categories traditional and modern in the analysis of periurbanization; and a consideration of what the periurban might imply vis-à-vis conventional notions of urban and rural, now and into the future. This discussion of recurring themes from the papers is prefaced by some reflections on how our choices of terminology may influence our theoretical understanding of a situation, event or condition. The specific question here is what is the difference between periurbanization and suburbanization, and it is argued that the distinction between the two may derive more from who is using the terms and the contexts within which they are situated than from specific denotative meanings of the words. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this paper is to emphasize that procedural justice has a contribution to parent-subsidiary links within multinational enterprises (MNEs). Design/methodology/approach -- A mailed survey is adopted in this study. A total of 152 valid and complete questionnaires were returned from the respondents. Structural equation modeling and Chow test are used in this research paper. Findings -- Based on structural equation modeling, three significant dimensions of the parent-subsidiary links are found to contribute to the financial performance of the subsidiaries (resource commitment, information flow, and control flexibility). Based on Chow test, these dimensions can lead to better financial performance under greater procedural justice in the decision-making processes of MNEs. Research limitations/implications -- This study only collected information from Taiwanese multinational firms in East Asia and the Pacific countries, including China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. Generally, these regions are the emerging market, with structurally volatile but fast-growing economies. In addition, further studies can extend the research to other countries, Environmental interferences, such as culture and legal rules, were not considered in this study. Practical implications -- In reality, although the due process is sometimes neglected because of time limitations or lack of patience, superior managers still should pay more attention to the processes of strategic decision making to keep the procedure fair and transparent. Originality/value -- This paper underlines the importance and value of the procedural justice in MNE management. The exercise of the procedural justice motivated subsidiary managers to aim for better financial performance with voluntary effort and their best ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus is a special and crucial taxonomic rank compared with others above the species level, because a species has to be placed in a certain genus instead of any other higher ranks. With more and more new species being described, the placements of their generic position are sometimes incorrect due to the simple phylogenies resulting from inappropriate sampling. Here, we focus on the taxonomy of a small wood-inhabiting fungal genus Hyphodermella. With the most comprehensive sampling to date, the phylogenetic position of Hyphodermella within Phanerochaetaceae is rearranged by employing the same ITS and nLSU regions as in previous studies and also the ITS, nLSU, rpb1, rpb2 and tef1α regions. Three species are excluded from Hyphodermella: H. poroides is placed in a newly introduced monotypic genus Pseudohyphodermella, while H. aurantiaca and H. zixishanensis are transferred to Roseograndinia. Hyphodermella suiae is described as a new species from South China and Vietnam. Keys to eight species in Hyphodermella and five in Roseograndinia are provided. Beyond solving the taxonomic issue of Hyphodermella itself, the current study also aims to suggest that all fungal taxonomists especially beginners should keep in mind to sample as many comprehensive taxa as possible in phylogenetic analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baiyuerius gen. nov., a new genus of the subfamily Coelotinae F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1893 is described, including five new species: B. daxi sp. nov. (1), B. pindong sp. nov. (1), B. tamdao sp. nov. (1), B. zhuping sp. nov. (1) and B. zuojiang sp. nov. (2), from southern China and northern Vietnam. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses support Baiyuerius gen. nov. as monophyletic and as a sister group of the newly established genus Yunguirius Li, Zhao & Li, 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]