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The article reports on the workshop "Visual Humanities: Typisierungen des Menschen um 1900" (Typologies of Human Beings Around 1900), held in Frankfurt, Germany, on February 18-19, 2011. The presentations addressed various aspects of stereotyping and the construction of social types in late 19th- and early 20th-century Europe, including illustrations for the works of German adventure story author Karl May, discourses about physiognomy in late Victorian literature, and antisemitism.

At present, the term iTV is disperse and is indistinctly applied to technologies, programs and services. This polysemy, however, prevents any efficient identification of interactive contents which, in turn, delays the formulation of regulatory and market strategies that can promote the development of more complete television consumption. This study proposes a practical and accurate classification of iTV content by type of service and programs, which could be of use to academics, industrialists and regulators. The functional typology proposed is generated on the basis of a detailed observation of the technological and audiovisual reality in Europe. This study is offered as a guide for dealing with the creation, study and regulation of advanced television programs in a context of technological mutation and convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co-productions have been a usual formula in most of the European film industries since the mid 1950s (40% of films produced annually). Going beyond the mere cooperation, co-productions demand a difficult balance between financial strategies and multicultural implications. Some authors have offered different typologies of international films, trying to combine both aspects. This article analyzes 251 Spanish international co-productions made between 2000 and 2005 and proposes a new typology aimed at clarifying the hybrid nature of this formula of cooperation. At the same time it determines how much Spanish co-productions rely on economic strategies rather than on multicultural ties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on case studies from the STAGE research network, this article explores a possible new 'European mode' of scientific governance associated with participation and deliberation. The article presents a typology of governance styles: discretionary, corporatist, educational, market, agonistic and deliberative. Despite a widespread interest in deliberative forms of governance, the article argues that there are no clear patterns of convergence. Rather, European scientific governance is characterised by a coexistence of diverse forms. The article subsequently explores the deliberative mode in European practice and identifies a number of differences in relation to the purpose, the actual conduct and the outcome of deliberative engagement. A crucial conclusion is that deliberation is not a shortcut to the creation of social consensus. The case studies instead suggest a partiality within the conduct of deliberation across Europe, a persisting conflict in the case stories, and a fragility in the institutionalisation of initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]