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Pathogenesis Primary brain stem injury is the result of the direct effect of the trauma which results in its distortion and displacement. Kalyanaraman and Ramamurthi (1969) reported 42 cases of brain stem injury among 1100 cases of head injury patients admitted to their head injury unit in 18 months.[[1]] As late at 2007, Shukla et al. stated, "Several autopsy studies of head injury are available, but pathology of brain stem and hypothalamus injury are addressed in very few of them. "In many general surgical works today the diagnosis of primary brain stem injury amounts to pronouncement of death sentence" (Kalyanaraman and Ramamurthi 1969) It is interesting that around the same time as the above statement on ominous saying in some centers in Delhi acquired a similar predicament, "Yeh to brain stem ho gaya ab iska kuch nahi ho sakta" (He has become brain stem, now nothing can be done about it). While brain stem hemorrhage is more common in the secondary group of brain stem lesions, these are not uncommon in the primary injury especially in the lateral part of the mid-brain, the superior cerebellar peduncle, and rostral pons. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents the biography of S. Sriramachari, founder neuropathologist. It mentions that he obtained his degrees from Andhra University. In 1954, he was deputed for training in neuropathology at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) at Washington, DC. It mentions that he did under-graduation at Andhra Medical College.

The article presents the author's views regarding the contribution of neuroscientist Acharya Jagdish Chandra Bose. Topics mention including the study about electromagnetic waves and their effect on the inorganic matter, publication of scientific papers and monographs and measuring the action potentials in 1970.

The article provides information on Krishna Prasad Bhargava, a professor who is considered as founder of Indian Neurosciences. Topics discussed include his childhood and education in Alwar, India and graduation from King George's Medical College; establishment of Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR); and his research on cardiovascular functions.

The article talks about Bimal Kumar Bachhawat, Indian neurochemist and glycobiologist, known for his discovery of HMG-CoA lyase, which is an intermediate in mevalonate and ketogenesis pathway, and for elucidation of molecular cause of Metachromatic leukodystrophy, a hereditary disease of the brain. Professor Bal Krishan Anand, Indian Physiologist and Pharmacologistis credited for the discovery of feeding center in Hypothalamus in 1951.

The nearly absent ability of the neurons to regenerate or multiply has prompted neuroscientists to search for the mean to replace damaged or dead cells. The failed attempts using adult tissue, initiated nearly a century ago, ultimately brought rays of hope when developing fetal neurons were used for transplantation in 1970s. The initial excitement was tempered by limited success and ethical issues. But these efforts unequivocally established the feasibility of successful neural transplantation provided appropriate tissue was available. The ability to derive embryonic stem cells with their totipotent potential by Thomson in 1998 rekindled the interest in their use for replacement therapy for damaged brain tissue. The present review surveys the current status of this promising field of stem cell research especially in respect to their therapeutic potentials for purposes of neural transplantation. A brief account is provided of the ongoing Indian efforts in this direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]