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Background: Bovine papillomatosis (BP) is considered the most common health problem in large cattle farms. Aim: This study attempts to confirm clinically suspected BP in cattle by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, histopathology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and genotyping analysis of local isolates. Methods: According to morphological appearance and lesion features, a cross sectional study of 54 clinically diagnosed BP cattle was assigned to this current investigation from May to August (2021) in Al-Kut district (Wasit Province, Iraq) private veterinary clinics using purposive sampling technique based on set criteria. The cattle were diagnosed clinically, and the tissues were collected and some fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and other stored frozen and examined by histopathological technique, IHC, and PCR assays. Results: Using PCR assay, all cattle were positive for the BPV L1 gene. According to detect the L1 gene, analysis of the phylogenetic tree showed that local BPV cattle isolates were closely related to the NCBI-BLAST BPV type-1 and type-2 of the Polish equine isolate (KF284133.1) and BPV Brazilian Bostaurus isolate (MH187961.1), respectively. Histological detection showed there were acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, epidermal thickening, severe infiltration of mononuclear cells, massive hemorrhage, dermal fibroplasias, multifocal spongiosis, moderate neovascularization, moderate to severe elongation of the retention ridge towards the dermis, parakeratosis, rings of calcification, and necrosis with nuclear pyknosis of some spinosum cells. Immunohistochemical findings of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, epidermal growth factor receptor and Fascin showed a significant variation in values of immunoreaction in the dermis and epidermis. These results ranged from negative (0) to mild positive (+1) to moderate positive (+2) reactions. Conclusion: The study provided essential molecular and genotyping data to improve our knowledge by emphasizing the crucial of IHC as an elegant diagnostic method to detect cellular alterations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed for the molecular diagnosis and assessment of histopathological changes of ORF infection in sheep and goats in Basra governorate in Iraq. The virus was detected by using -polymerase chain reaction. The samples were taken from the skin of the lips of animals infected with contiguous ecthema. Hundred samples taken from the sheep and 100 samples from goats of suspected animals, the results of the molecular diagnosis showed that 76 (76%) of sheep were infected and 71 (71%) of goats were infected by diagnosing the partial of ORFV037 gene (173bp), and ORFV039 (703bp), the sequences were determined and recorded in the NCBI and drawn the phylogenetic tree. The results of histopathological study showed presented various changes in cutaneous tissues in sheep include hyperplasia of hair follicles, sebaceous gland and sweet gland, parakeratosis, hyalinization of keratin Also to a picture of tumores, inflammation appear clearly in dermis also to hyperplasia of epidermis towered dermis. In goat showed prolifration of epidermis layer and papillae projection, Highly proliferation structures spinosum, sebaceous gland, sweet gland, and proliferation hair follicles with thickening it wall, hyperkeratosis of epidermis, infiltration of inflammatory cells and ulceration with necrotizing of epidermis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study dealt with anatomical characters of 11 plant species that belong two genera Bellevalia Layper and Ornithogalum L. from Asparagaceae family growing in middle and north of Iraq B.kurdistanica, B.longipes, B.macrobotrys, B.parva, B.pycnantha, B.saviczii, O.brachystachys, O.neurostegium, O.pyrenaicum. The prevalence of Aleuron grains and Starch grains in addition to studying the aerial stem epidermal cells or the Scapeous and the leaves. When the cross section was made to the aerial stem, it was clear that all of them were circular except B.chrisii it was ovate for the aerial stem. It was noticed also that there are crystals within the cross section of the aerial stem of these species, but the species B.saviczii had different type of crystals which are Druses crystals at the epidermis layer of the aerial stem section. Also, there was a difference in the vascular bands spread, which were in the shape of two rows arranged similar to the arrangement of the vascular bands in Dicotyledons. Anatomy results of the leaves cross-section showed that they consist of simple epidermis with one row of Uniseriate cells, consisting of upper, lower epidermis and Mesophylla as well as the spread vascular bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to confirm the clinically diagnosed cattle with lumpy skin disease (LSD) at Baghdad Province/Iraq from October 2018 to March 2019. Materials and Methods: Molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and histopathology were applied for the detection of LSD among 71 infected cattle issued for slaughter. Results: Pre-slaughter clinical examination showed significant increases (p<0.05) in values of temperature (39.7±0.74°C), pulse (96.42±3.51), and respiratory (33.54±0.63) rates. Enlargement of lymph nodes (prescapular, supramammary, and prefemoral), lacrimation, mucopurulent nasal discharge, salivation, edema in limbs and head among severe infected cases, and marked fall in milk production was seen. An association of LSD to risk factors (age, gender, and areas) showed that there is significant elevation in prevalence of disease in >2-5 years (54.93%) rather than other age groups (>5 and <2 years) in females (73.24%) than males (26.76%); and in sub-rural (42.25%) and rural (39.44%) compared to urban (18.31%) areas. Postmortem examination appeared nodular lesions in upper parts of the digestive system (9.86%), rumen (2.82%), upper respiratory tracts (7.04%), and lung (4.23%). The PCR examination of P32 and thymidine kinase antigenic genes showed 90.14% and 60.56% positive samples, respectively. Histopathological analysis of nodular skin biopsies showed edema, hyperemia, acanthosis, severe hydropic degeneration, and hyperkeratosis in epidermis; whereas, mononuclear cell infiltration, inclusion bodies, and vasculitis seen in the dermis. Conclusion: PCR and histopathology assay could be a potential method to confirm the LSD infection concomitant with clinical examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to study the morphological anatomical characteristics and geographical distribution of the species Horwoodia dicksoniae (Turrill) belong to Brassicaceae family in Iraq. The results were revealed the morphological characteristics of the root, stem, leaves, fruits and seeds, abaxial surface of the leaf characterized by covered with simple hairs. The fruits were circular in shape with wide wing and have one seed. The seeds were conical shape and pustular surface configuration. The anatomical characteristics of the root, stem, and leaf were studied and the cross-section of the root was characterized by thick periderm layer and cortex layer consisting primarily of parenchyma cells, stem cross section was characterized by thick layer of cuticle, as well as epidermis layer that followed the cuticle layer was double epidermis, but the layer of phloem is composed of rectangular cells and arranged in a continuous ring. Cross section of leaf was bifacial , leaf contains palisade cells in the form of a rectangle at the top surface of the leaf and irregular spongy cells at the low surface and distinguish the middle vein of the leaf as a circular shape. The epidermis was characterized by an Anisocytic type. The study of geographical distribution has been shown that the species is widespread in the desert region of Iraq. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retrospective quantitative analysis of epidemiological data of sheep and goat pox from the Duhok area revealed important scientific information. In the state, 308 lambs and kids from two flocks were affected by pox outbreaks and the disease was reported during the winter season. The study clearly showed that disease incidence was the highest in December and the percentage of affected animals was 30% in lambs, 40% in kids. Clinically severe systemic reaction characterised by nasal discharge accompanied by intense coughing, dyspnea, conjunctivitis and lacrimal discharge were observed. Gross and histopathological findings showed presence of pox lesions in different stages especially in areas with less wool and hair with clearly changes in the epidermis and the dermis of the skin layers. This study characterised the sheep and goat pox according to epidemiological, clinical and pathological events in Duhok area of Iraq. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]