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Copyright of Revista Espanola de Antropologia Americana is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Geograficando is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Memoria Americana is the property of Memoria Americana, Cuadernos de Etnohistoria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Intersecciones en Antropología is the property of Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this paper is to analyze, based on a local experience, the tensions arising from the interaction between educational practices, access to rights, and the bureaucratic dynamics of penitentiary institutions, disciplinary administration, and punishment. The methodology employed was based on a qualitative and interdisciplinary approach, primarily involving active and participatory observation, emphasizing the concept of 'being there' in the field of study. Additionally, in-depth interviews were conducted with local agents, and documentary analysis was used to enhance the understanding of the dynamics under study. The results highlight the numerous challenges involved in the development of this practice in penitentiary environments for both students and teachers. This practice is hindered by institutional violence and the prioritization of security over rights, despite the rhetoric of regulations and even the penitentiary authorities acknowledging the rights of detainees. In this context, self-management and activism have become essential tools to facilitate access to education. In conclusion, educational practices in penitentiary contexts as a human right constitute a complex experience riddled with conflicts and contradictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the role of tourist movement in defining Salta (Argentina) as a tourist place. To achieve that goal, specific practices of displacement by tourists who hire guided tours were observed. As a preliminary study, the paper discusses traditional approaches to guided tours as highly standardized and prescribed experiences. Likewise, it highlights the active participation of the different actors taking part in these tours. In a broader sense, the paper aims at contributing to the understanding of tourist places considering tourist movement and to acknowledge the practices that shape it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Geografia: Revista Colombiana de Geografía is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to analyze the female images and representations outlined in "Mi niñez", an autobiography by the Salta artist Carmen Rosa San Miguel de Aranda. We will account for the values that the writer attributes to the women in her narrative and the relationship of this moral repertoire with the context of production of her work. We start from the premise that this life story contributes to the definition of the writer's identity, while highlighting the agreements and tensions between the latter and the canonized female models that constituted the Salta culture of the early twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of H-Industria: Revista de Historia de la Industria Argentina y Latinoamericana is the property of H-Industria, Revista de Historia de la Industria Argentina y Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Indias is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The energy retrofit of historic buildings requires identifying the materials and thermal properties of the building fabric. This information is essential for building energy simulation, conservation, and restoration, but, unfortunately, it is usually scarce or even non-existent in documentary sources or historical studies. This paper presents the non-destructive thermal characterization of the façade walls of the historic Cabildo of Salta, Argentina. The interdisciplinary methodology includes preliminary historical and morphological studies, identification of the masonry patterns through infrared thermography, characterization of the material thermal properties through non-destructive measurements and novel dynamical computational methods, and the integrated analysis of the results based on a cross-referencing of masonry pattern, materials, and historical data. The obtained results provide scientific support for decision making in future energy retrofit strategies and building restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista del Museo de Antropología is the property of Museo de Antropologia - IDACOR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although mostly forgotten, malaria was once widespread in Argentina's Northwest region and had a dramatic impact on public health and social development. This paper explores the malaria problem in the social, demographic, and environmental context of Argentina in the early 1900s, when prevalence of the disease was at its height. Using a diverse range of sources and a mixture of historical demographic, spatial analytical, and qualitative methods, the geographical distribution of malaria and its association with social and environmental factors is analyzed. Examination of the general epidemiology of malaria in the Northwest is complemented by case studies that demonstrate the complex dynamics of malaria in the city of Salta and the agricultural hinterland of Tucumán province. Although malaria was a widespread and commonplace illness in the region, and garnered much political attention, it was neither a leading cause of mortality not a cause of demographic stagnation. Improvements in sanitary infrastructure and drainage helped facilitate the decline of malaria in urban centers, although the relationship of the disease with wetland hazards remains unclear. In rural areas, the tenuous and impoverished conditions of agricultural laborers helped to sustain malaria transmission, bur permanent workers in sugar mills enjoyed better health conditions, generally. Overall, this paper demonstrates the utility, of historical statistical and spatial analysis, complemented by more fine-grained qualitative research, in drawing out the social and environmental dimensions of past disease complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Espanola de Antropologia Americana is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Probabilistic associations make language processing efficient and are honed through experience. However, it is unclear what language experience factors explain the non-monolingual processing behaviors typical of L2 learners and heritage speakers (HSs). We investigated whether AoO, language proficiency, and language use affect the recognition of Spanish stress-tense suffix associations involving a stressed syllable that cues a present suffix (SALta “s/he jumps”) and an unstressed syllable that cues a past suffix (SALtó “s/he jumped”). Adult SpanishEnglish HSs, English-Spanish L2 learners, and Spanish monolinguals saw a paroxytone verb (stressed initial syllable) and an oxytone verb (unstressed initial syllable), listened to a sentence containing one of the verbs, and chose the one they heard. Spanish proficiency measured grammatical and lexical knowledge, and Spanish use assessed percentage of current usage. Both bilingual groups were comparable in Spanish proficiency and use. Eye-tracking data showed that all groups fixated on target verbs above chance before hearing the syllable containing the suffix, except the HSs in the oxytones. Monolinguals fixated on targets more and earlier, although at a slower rate, than HSs and L2 learners; in turn, HSs fixated on targets more and earlier than L2 learners, except in oxytones. Higher proficiency increased target fixations in HSs (oxytones) and L2 learners (paroxytones), but greater use only increased target fixations in HSs (oxytones). Taken together, our data show that HSs’ lexical access depends more on number of lexical competitors (co-activation of two L1 lexica) and type (phonotactic) frequency than token (lexical) frequency or AoO. We discuss the contribution of these findings to models in phonology, lexical access, language processing, language prediction, and human cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Relaciones de la Sociedad Argentina de Antropología is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Antropologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of water safety plans (WSPs) has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2004 as a highly effective means of improving water safety management. Experience with the implementation of WSPs is increasing worldwide, but there is no unified or standardized methodology for how the verification of a WSP should be conducted. In this article, we present a thorough evaluation of a specific WSP five years after its initial implementation. We reviewed the risk assessment methodology used by a water utility in Salta, Argentina, and assessed the implementation of control measures. To objectively evaluate the effectiveness of the WSP, we evaluated water quality parameters and customer complaints using a time-series analysis. We show that although some control measures were implemented, and a reduction in risk values was observed, it was not possible to improve long-standing problems in the water supply of the city of Salta, such as the number of consumer complaints or high turbidity levels in the water during the rainy season. We discuss the role of rigorous scientific assessments and the importance of legislation and regulatory bodies in implementing the WSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ánfora is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Manizales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Gran Chaco, Latin America's second largest forest after the Amazon, has one of the highest deforestation rates worldwide. In the province of Salta, Argentina, the deforestation rate is particularly high, with substantial environmental and social impacts. The province is characterized by the presence of various actors (large-scale producers, small-scale farmers, indigenous peoples, governmental actors, civil society), who are differently exposed to the impacts of deforestation. To better understand this unequal exposure, the paper looks at deforestation from a perspective of environmental justice. As justice is strongly dependent on the local context, we focus on capturing the perceptions of stakeholders on deforestation. We use Q-method, which combines qualitative and quantitative methods to study perceptions. Our results point to the existence of three significant perspectives. The first one, labelled "Development" perspective ranks distribution as the most important dimension. The second one labelled "Family agriculture" perspective stresses the significance of procedural issues. The third one labelled "Subsistence" perspective elaborates mainly on matters of recognition. We conclude that, in order to slow down deforestation, it would be essential to create conditions where marginalized actors are given priority, to facilitate their participation and grant their rights with respect to land use. • We use Q-method to capture different aspects of Environmental Justice in the Chaco. • The results point to the existence of three different perspectives on deforestation. • In the development perspective, distributional justice is prominent. • In the family agriculture perspective, procedural justice matters most. • In the subsistence perspective, issues of recognition are dominant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The architecture of lacustrine systems is the result of the complex interaction between tectonics, climate and environmental parameters, and constitute the main forcing parameters on the lake dynamics. Field analogue studies have been performed to better assess such interactions, and their impact on the facies distribution and the stratigraphic architecture of lacustrine systems. The Yacoraite Formation (Late Cretaceous/Early Palaeocene), deposited during the sag phase of the Salta rift basin in Argentina, is exposed in world‐class outcrops that allowed the dynamics of this lacustrine system to be studied through facies analysis and stratigraphic evolution. On the scale of the Alemania‐Metán‐El Rey Basin, the Yacoraite Formation is organized with a siliciclastic‐dominated margin to the west, and a carbonate‐dominated margin to the east. The Yacoraite can be subdivided into four main 'mid‐term' sequences and further subdivided into 'short‐term' sequences recording high frequency climate fluctuations. Furthermore, the depositional profiles and identified system tracts have been grouped into two end‐members at basin scale: (a) a balanced 'perennial' depositional system for the lower part of the Yacoraite Formation and (b) a highly alternating 'ephemeral' depositional system for the upper part of the Yacoraite Formation. The transition from a perennial system to an ephemeral system indicates a change in the sedimentary dynamics of the basin, which was probably linked with the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary that induced a temporary shutdown of carbonate production and an increase in siliciclastic supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ensayos de Economia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Several studies have shown an association between vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular risk. Vitamin D status is assessed by determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in serum. Methods: We assessed the prognostic utility of 25(OH)D in 982 chest-pain patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) from Salta, Northern Argentina. 2-year follow-up data including all-cause mortality, cardiac death and sudden cardiac death were analyzed in quartiles of 25(OH)D, applying univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: There were statistically significant changes in seasonal 25(OH)D levels. At follow-up, 119 patients had died. The mean 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower among patients dying than in long-term survivors, both in the total population and in patients with a troponin T (TnT) release (n = 388). When comparing 25(OH)D in the highest quartile to the lowest quartile in a multivariable Cox regression model for all-cause mortality, the hazard ratio (HR) for cardiac death and sudden cardiac death in the total population was 0.37 (95% CI, 0.19-0.73), p = 0.004, 0.23 (95% CI, 0.08-0.67), p = 0.007, and 0.32 (95% CI, 0.11-0.94), p = 0.038, respectively. In patients with TnT release, the respective HR was 0.24 (95% CI, 0.10-0.54), p = 0.001, 0.18 (95% CI, 0.05-0.60), p = 0.006 and 0.25 (95% CI, 0.07-0.89), p = 0.033. 25(OH)D had no prognostic value in patients with no TnT release. Conclusion: Vitamin D was shown to be a useful biomarker for prediction of mortality when obtained at admission in chest pain patients with suspected ACS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The life cycle of Australapatemon magnacetabulum Dubois, 1988 was resolved experimentally. Planorbid snails Biomphalaria tenagophila (d'Orbigny, 1835) collected in a small pond at the confluence of the San Lorenzo and Arias Rivers, near Salta City, Province of Salta, Argentina, were found to be shedding furcocercous cercariae possessing 4 pairs of penetration glands, 1 pair of unpigmented eyespots, 6 pairs of flame cells in the body, and 1 pair in the tail stem. Metacercariae were found encysted in naturally, and experimentally, exposed leeches Helobdella adiastola Ringuelet, 1972, Helobdella triserialis (Blanchard, 1849), Haementeria eichhorniae Ringuelet 1978, and Haementeria sp., and within their sporocysts in naturally infected planorbid intermediate hosts. Sexually mature adults were recovered from domestic chicks and a duck 8 28 days postexposure by metacercariae from leeches. The identification of the species was based upon the characteristic large ventral sucker and a genital cone, crossed by a hermaphroditic duct with internal folds, occupying approximately a 1/4 to 1/5 of the hindbody. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Callistoe vincei Babot et al., 2002 is a Paleogene borhyaenoid known from exceptionally complete postcranial elements, which provides rare information about the anatomy and evolutionary history of metatherian predators during the South American Cenozoic. The axial skeleton of Callistoe is characterized by the peculiar transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae emphasizing lateral instead of sagittal traction. There is no clavicle and eighteen thoracolumbar vertebrae, of which only five are lumbars. The shoulder and elbow joints suggest movements restricted to parasagittal flexion/extension that are consistent with primarily terrestrial locomotion, as is also emphasized in Borhyaena tuberata and Lycopsis longirostrus. On the manus, the pollex is not reduced and the ungual phalanges indicate very long claws, similar to those observed in some extant digging taxa. This feature is unique to C. vincei among borhyaenoids. The knee joint is characterized by the presence of ossified patellae but shallow femoral trochleae. This joint suggests that the leg was nearly parasagittal, a position also inferred for Borhyaena. The astragalus shape is consistent with parasagittal flexion/extension, as in all Miocene-Pliocene borhyaenoids. The hind foot is characterized by reduced claws in comparison with the manus as well as the slenderness of the first and fifth digits, another peculiarity of C. vincei. The habitat of Callistoe was a temperate humid forest and according to the known fossil record, Callistoe was the largest mammalian predator of its time, sharing the predator ecological niche with crocodiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The seasonal diet of Pampas foxes (Lycalopex gymnocercus) was examined from 431 scat samples collected during 1 year in the dry Chaco woodland of Salta Province, northwestern Argentina. Fleshy fruits dominated the diet during the dry and wet seasons, representing 69% of the total frequency and comprising 91% of the total volume. Most of the fruit diet was contributed by 5 woody plant species. Mistol (Ziziphus mistol, Rhamnaceae), was the most important fruit resource throughout the year. Arthropods (particularly beetles and scorpions) and small mammals (mainly rodents and marmosets) were the most frequently consumed animal prey. Seasonal shifts in the frequency of the main food items in the diet were not significant, but there was considerable seasonal variation in the frequency of fruit species. Diversity of prey in the diet was highest in the wet season. The Pampas fox is a generalist feeder that can alter its diet to changes in food availability. However, its diet in the Chaco, which is dominated by fruit, differs from its diet in Pampas grassland habitat, where it consumes mostly meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Scours is the most common disease in dairy calves, and it is a multifactorial syndrome complex. Cryptosporidium sp., rotavirus group A, and bovine coronavirus are the three main pathogens associated with scours. The objective of this study was to identify potential factors associated with scours and these three pathogens in preweaned dairy calves. The results of this study indicated that scours is a prevalent disease in farms of Salta, Argentina, and that rotavirus and Cryptosporidium sp. infections, along with specific farm management practices, might be important contributing factors that could increase the chance of scours in dairy farms. Scours is the most common disease in dairy calves, and it is a multifactorial syndrome complex. Cryptosporidium sp. (C. sp.), rotavirus group A (RVA), and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) are the three main pathogens associated with scours. The objective of this study was to identify potential factors associated with scours, C. sp., RVA, and BCoV infections in preweaned dairy calves from Lerma Valley in Salta Province, Argentina. A total of 488 preweaned calves from 19 dairy farms located in the Lerma Valley were enrolled in this observational study. One fecal sample was collected from each calf between one week and two months of age for assessment of C. sp., RVA, and BCoV infection status. Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts and RVA and BCoV antigens in fecal samples were assessed using microscopic observation and indirect enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (iELISA), respectively. A voluntary questionnaire was developed and used to collect data regarding management practices from the participants' farms. The data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models. Scours incidence was 35.4%, and a greater proportion of calves younger than 20 days were affected. Of the fecal samples, 18% and 9.5% tested were positives for C. sp. and RVA, respectively, while BCoV was detected only in two calves. Furthermore, 84.2% and 63.1% of the farms tested positive for Cryptosporidium sp. and RVA, respectively. In addition, the following variables were associated with higher odds of having scours: (1) herd size (>300 milking cows; OR = 1.7), (2) calf age (<20 days of age; OR = 2.2), (3) RVA and C. sp. test (positive test; RVA OR = 2.6; C. sp. OR = 3), calf feeding practices (feeding milk replacer; OR = 1.81), and newborn calf management practices (calf moved from maternity pen <6 h after calving; OR = 1.7). Concerning RVA infection, calves less than 20 days of age (OR = 2.6) had a higher chance of testing positive for RVA, while calves that remained in the calving pen for less than 6 h after calving had a lower chance (OR = 0.3). On the other hand, for C. sp. infection, large farm size (>300 milking cows; OR = 1.2) and young calf age (<20 days of age; OR = 4.4) indicated a higher chance of testing positive for C. sp., while calves belonging to farms that fed frozen colostrum (OR = 0.2) had a lower chance of becoming infected with C. sp. The result of this study indicated that scours is a prevalent disease in farms of the Lerma Valley, Salta, Argentina, and that RVA and C. sp. infections, along with specific farm management practices, might be important contributing factors that could increase the chance of NCS in dairy farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]