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This article discusses a case of erythema elevatum diutinum (EED) associated with peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) in a 61-year-old Chinese man. The patient presented with painful skin lesions on various parts of his body, which worsened in cold weather. He also experienced recurrent ocular symptoms, including hyperemia and blurred vision. The diagnosis of EED with PUK was established based on clinical and histopathological features. Erythema elevatum diutinum is a rare condition characterized by neutrophilic infiltration in the skin and other organs. [Extracted from the article]

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) integrated Heterogeneous Network (HetNet) is currently considered as one of the promising technologies. This technology helps in fulfilling high demands of bandwidth, volume, and range as per user needs. In this paper, the work is carried out by authors to assure high security for the users in such a network by incorporating an authentication‐based security known as Identity based Scheme (IBA). The IBA based implemented networks improve the confidentiality of data and the authenticity of the users. Privacy and reliability come through the entity's capacity to authenticate, sign and transact authenticated data without central directory interference. Therefore,the primary scope of this research project is to create an identity‐based authentication mechanism in HetNets that are assisted by UAVs and to secure communication against potential intruder threats. In this way, the security assurance is increased and dreadful intruder attacks are minimized. Moreover, in this research work, the implementing zones would be areas of defence for observation of a region to locate an enemy or as certain strategic features. The security rules are formulated in the coded language known as High Level Protocol Specification Language (HLPSL) and outcomes are verified through Automated Validation Internet Security Protocols and Applications (AVISPA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, have rapidly gained popularity due to their widely employed applications in various industries and fields, including search and rescue, agriculture, industry, military operations, safety, and more. Additionally, drones assist with tasks such as search and rescue efforts, pandemic virus containment, crisis management, and other critical operations. Due to their unique capabilities in image, video, and information collection, a multi-UAV system plays a crucial role in these activities. However, such images and video data involve individual privacy. Therefore, such multi-UAV applications have an indigenous tradeoff of privacy preservation. We have proposed a Federated Learning (FL) based approach for ensuring privacy in multi-UAV applications. The proposed methodology utilizes a synchronous FL approach and the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to ensure security. The model parameters are protected by using a secure aggregation. Results demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms existing techniques in terms of accuracy and precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Market research companies collect extensive data on purchasing, travel, and app and media usage behaviors of consumers, prescriptions written by physicians, and so forth. Although the companies provide assurances of anonymity to the study participants, there is a significant concern about the vulnerability of these data. Could a motivated intruder match the pattern of purchases with the name and other personal and potentially sensitive details of an individual? We find that 17% to 94% of market research panelists in 15 frequently bought consumer goods categories are subject to high risk of reidentification through a potential record linkage attack based on their unique purchasing histories even when their identities are anonymized. We also demonstrate that the risk of reidentification in such data are vastly understated by the conventional measure, unicity, and propose a new measure, termed "sno-unicity." To protect the privacy of panelists, we consider the well-known privacy notion of k-anonymity and develop a new approach called "graph-based minimum movement k-anonymization" that is designed especially for retaining the usefulness of panel data. We show that our approach works well in protecting participants' privacy without substantially altering the information that marketers need for sound marketing decisions. We consider the risk of reidentification of panelists in marketing research data that are widely used to obtain insights into buyer behavior and to develop marketing strategy. We find that 17%–94% of the panelists in 15 frequently bought consumer goods categories are subject to high risk of reidentification through a potential record linkage attack based on their unique purchasing histories even when their identities are anonymized. We first demonstrate that the risk of reidentification is vastly understated by unicity, the conventional measure. Instead, we propose a new measure of reidentification risk, termed sno-unicity, which accounts for the longitudinal nature of panel data, and show that it is much larger than unicity. To protect the privacy of panelists, we consider the well-known privacy notion of k-anonymity and develop a new approach called graph-based minimum movement k-anonymization (k-MM) that is designed especially for panel data. The proposed k-MM approach can be formulated as an optimization problem in which the objective is to minimally distort variables in the original data based on weights that users prespecify corresponding to their use case. We further show how our approach can be extended to achieve l-diversity. We apply the k-MM approach to two different panel data sets that are widely used in marketing research. To achieve a given privacy level, compared with several benchmark protection methods, the protected data from our method result in the least distortion in inferences about key marketing metrics, such as brand market shares, share of category requirements, brand switching rates, and marketing-mix parameters estimated from a hierarchical Bayesian brand choice model. History: Param Singh, Senior Editor and Associate Editor. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2022.1169. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Infection‐triggered encephalopathy syndromes (ITES) are potentially devastating neuroinflammatory conditions. Although some ITES syndromes have recognisable MRI neuroimaging phenotypes, there are otherwise few biomarkers of disease. Early detection to enable immune modulatory treatments could improve outcomes. Methods: We measured CSF neopterin, quinolinic acid, kynurenine and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio using a liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) system. The CSF of 18 children with ITES were compared with acute encephalitis (n = 20), and three control groups, namely epilepsy (n = 20), status epilepticus (n = 18) and neurogenetic controls (n = 20). Results: The main ITES phenotypes in 18 patients were acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late restricted diffusion (AESD, n = 4), febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES n = 4) and other ITES phenotypes. Influenza A was the most common infectious trigger (n = 5), and 50% of patients had a preceding notable neurodevelopmental or family history. CSF neopterin, quinolinic acid and kynurenine were elevated in ITES group compared to the three control groups (all p < 0.0002). The ROC (area under curve) for CSF neopterin (99.3%, CI 98.1–100) was significantly better than CSF pleocytosis (87.3% CI 76.4–98.2) (p = 0.028). Elevated CSF neopterin could discriminate ITES from other causes of seizures, status epilepticus and febrile status epilepticus (all p < 0.0002). The elevated CSF metabolites normalised during longitudinal testing in two patients with FIRES. Interpretation: CSF neopterin and quinolinic acid are neuroinflammatory and excitotoxic metabolites. This CSF metabolomic inflammatory panel can discriminate ITES from other causes of new onset seizures or status epilepticus, and rapid results (4 h) may facilitate early immune modulatory therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maternal hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy increases offspring susceptibility to atherosclerosis by an oxidation-dependent mechanism. The present studies investigated whether maternal immunization with oxidized LDL (OxLDL) before pregnancy protects the fetus from atherogenic in utero programming by maternal hypercholesterolemia. Maternal immunization of NZW rabbits and LDL receptor-deficient mice indeed reduced atherosclerosis in adult offspring by up to 56%, but the protective effect could not be attributed to a reduction of fetal exposure to hypercholesterolemia alone, and even nonspecific immune stimulation with adjuvant only provided some protection. Unexpectedly, offspring of immunized mothers developed increased IgM antibodies to selective OxLDL epitopes and increased IgM-LDL immune complexes, compared with offspring of nonimmunized controls. Even naïve offspring of OxLDL-immunized mothers never exposed to postnatal hypercholesterolemia responded to a one-time OxLDL and KLH challenge with greater OxLDL-specific IgM responses, increased OxLDL-specific IgM-secreting B cells, and more IgM-LDL immune complexes. In contrast, maternal immunization with KLH, a T cell-dependent nonmammalian antigen, did not influence postnatal immune responses. Effects of maternal OxLDL-immunization on offspring B cells and selective antibodies were independent of transplacental passage of maternal immunoglobulins. Results show that maternal immunization with antigens prevalent in atherosclerotic lesions reduces atherogenesis in their offspring by mechanisms that include, but are not limited to, reduced fetal exposure to maternal hypercholesterolemia and lipid peroxidation. More importantly, they demonstrate in principle that maternal adaptive immunity to selective antigens influences postnatal B cell and antibody responses in offspring, and that modulation of in utero immune programming may influence immune-modulated diseases later in life.