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Many societies around the world are rapidly aging and this has implications for social and economic development. We collect data on NEEQ-listed enterprises from 2010 to 2021 in China and empirically test the effect of population aging on the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The findings show that population aging has a significant positive impact on SME digital transformation, and private enterprises and enterprises in eastern regions of China tend to benefit more than other regions. The mechanism studies find that population aging positively impacts SME digital transformation by increasing labor costs, facilitating human capital accumulation, and raising savings rates. Furthermore, the threshold effect analyses find that the marginal promotion effect of population aging will weaken with greater aging and will strengthen with a higher level of marketization. Finally, we provide policy recommendations for promoting digital transformation in SMEs against the background of population aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeClinically relevant pharmacokinetic interactions exist between gastric acid-reducing agents and certain weakly basic drugs that rely on acidic environments for optimal oral absorption. In this study, we examine whether the administration of betaine hydrochloride under fed conditions can enhance the absorption of atazanavir, an HIV-1 protease inhibitor, during pharmacologically-induced hypochlorhydria.MethodsIn this randomized, single-dose, 3 period, crossover study healthy volunteers received ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (atazanavir/ritonavir 300/100 mg) alone, following pretreatment with the proton pump inhibitor rabeprazole (20 mg twice daily), and with 1500 mg of betaine HCl after rabeprazole pretreatment. Atazanavir was administered with a light meal and gastric pH was monitored using the Heidelberg Capsule.ResultsPretreatment with rabeprazole resulted in significant reductions in atazanavir Cmax (p

DUF89 family proteins occur widely in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but their functions are unknown. Here we define three DUF89 subfamilies (I, II, and III), with subfamily II being split into stand-alone proteins and proteins fused to pantothenate kinase (PanK). We demonstrated that DUF89 proteins have metal-dependent phosphatase activity against reactive phosphoesters or their damaged forms, notably sugar phosphates (subfamilies II and III), phosphopantetheine and its S-sulfonate or sulfonate (subfamily II-PanK fusions), and nucleotides (subfamily I). Genetic and comparative genomic data strongly associated DUF89 genes with phosphoester metabolism. The crystal structure of the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) subfamily III protein YMR027W revealed a novel phosphatase active site with fructose 6-phosphate and Mg(2+) bound near conserved signature residues Asp254 and Asn255 that are critical for activity. These findings indicate that DUF89 proteins are previously unrecognized hydrolases whose characteristic in vivo function is to limit potentially harmful buildups of normal or damaged phosphometabolites.

The effects of the interaction between polygenes and the parent–child relationship on junior high school students' aggressive behaviors were explored through the frameworks of gene‐endophenotype‐behavior and neurophysiological basis. A total of 892 junior high school students participated in this study. They were asked to complete self‐reported questionnaires, and saliva samples were collected. Results showed that 5‐HTTLPR, MAOA‐uVNTR, COMT (rs4680), and Taq1 (rs1800497) of the DRD2 gene affected students' aggressive behaviors in an accumulative way. The polygenic risk score explained 3.4% of boys' aggression and 1.1% of girls' aggression. The interactions between polygenic risk score and parent–child conflict significantly affected the aggressive behaviors of male students, but did not show any significant effect on those of female students. The interactional effect of polygenic risk score and parent–child conflict on junior high school students' aggressive behaviors was completely mediated by frustration. However, the interaction effect of polygenic risk score and parent–child affinity on aggression was not affected by frustration. This study helps us better understand junior high school students' aggressive behaviors and promotes the prevention and correction of adolescents' problem behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).sup.1-3 are known for their specific interactions with gas molecules.sup.4,5; this, combined with their rich and ordered porosity, makes them promising candidates for the photocatalytic conversion of gas molecules to useful products.sup.6. However, attempts to use MOFs or MOF-based composites for CO.sub.2 photoreduction.sup.6-13 usually result in far lower CO.sub.2 conversion efficiency than that obtained from state-of-the-art solid-state or molecular catalysts.sup.14-18, even when facilitated by sacrificial reagents. Here we create 'molecular compartments' inside MOF crystals by growing TiO.sub.2 inside different pores of a chromium terephthalate-based MOF (MIL-101) and its derivatives. This allows for synergy between the light-absorbing/electron-generating TiO.sub.2 units and the catalytic metal clusters in the backbones of MOFs, and therefore facilitates photocatalytic CO.sub.2 reduction, concurrent with production of O.sub.2. An apparent quantum efficiency for CO.sub.2 photoreduction of 11.3 per cent at a wavelength of 350 nanometres is observed in a composite that consists of 42 per cent TiO.sub.2 in a MIL-101 derivative, namely, 42%-TiO.sub.2-in-MIL-101-Cr-NO.sub.2. TiO.sub.2 units in one type of compartment in this composite are estimated to be 44 times more active than those in the other type, underlining the role of precise positioning of TiO.sub.2 in this system. Investigation of a chromium-based metal-organic framework shows that the location of added TiO.sub.2 inside specific mesopores strongly affects the ability of the material to catalyse photoreduction of CO.sub.2., Author(s): Zhuo Jiang [sup.1] , Xiaohui Xu [sup.1] , Yanhang Ma [sup.2] , Hae Sung Cho [sup.2] , Deng Ding [sup.1] , Chao Wang [sup.1] , Jie Wu [sup.1] , [...]