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This paper examines the current supply chain network model (SCNM) in order to effectively apply cost accounting information to strengthen supply chain management and solve the problem of low overall efficiency of the model. This paper constructs the SCNM of cost accounting, analyses the characteristics of the model and designs the variables of the model. In order to optimise enterprise cost accounting, the corresponding mathematical model is constructed, and the preconditions and constraints for solving the model are set up. In addition, particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithm is used to solve the model, and the moving speed of particle swarm is updated by dynamic relaxation factor. Finally, the validity of the model and the accounting cost are simulated. The results show that the model can effectively solve the optimisation problem of SCN in accounting cost.

Background: Abnormal osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation is an essential pathological process in osteoporosis. As an important deubiquitinase enzyme, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 7 (USP7) participates in various disease processes through posttranslational modification. However, the mechanism by which USP7 regulates osteoporosis remains unknown. Herein, we aimed to investigate whether USP7 regulates abnormal osteoclast differentiation in osteoporosis. Methods: The gene expression profiles of blood monocytes were preprocessed to analyze the differential expression of USP genes. CD14+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from whole blood collected from osteoporosis patients (OPs) and healthy donors (HDs), and the expression pattern of USP7 during the differentiation of CD14+ PBMCs into osteoclasts was detected by western blotting. The role of USP7 in the osteoclast differentiation of PBMCs treated with USP7 siRNA or exogenous rUSP7 was further investigated by the F-actin assay, TRAP staining and western blotting. Moreover, the interaction between high-mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) and USP7 was investigated by coimmunoprecipitation, and the regulation of the USP7-HMGB1 axis in osteoclast differentiation was further verified. Osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) mice was then studied using the USP7-specific inhibitor P5091 to identify the role of USP7 in osteoporosis. Results: The bioinformatic analyses and CD14+ PBMCs from osteoporosis patients confirmed that the upregulation of USP7 was associated with osteoporosis. USP7 positively regulates the osteoclast differentiation of CD14+ PBMCs in vitro. Mechanistically, USP7 promoted osteoclast formation by binding to and deubiquitination of HMGB1. In vivo, P5091 effectively attenuates bone loss in OVX mice. Conclusion: We demonstrate that USP7 promotes the differentiation of CD14+ PBMCs into osteoclasts via HMGB1 deubiquitination and that inhibition of USP7 effectively attenuates bone loss in osteoporosis in vivo.The translational potential of this article:The study reveals novel insights into the role of USP7 in the progression of osteoporosis and provides a new therapeutic target for the treatment of osteoporosis.

This paper aims to conduct a systematic study on the career development and planning system of counselors in private colleges and universities in the new era. This study analyzes counselors’ cognition of career development with the help of Schober’s career development theory, analyzes counselors’ career planning through career choice theory, explores the influencing factors of college counselors’ careers based on the division of career development stages, and analyzes the degree of influence of different factors on counselors’ career development based on the ecological position model. When counselors make career planning, their factors are the most important, which are 4.5%, 9.06%, 22.46%, and 32.48%, higher than school factors, social factors, family factors, and role orientation, respectively. In terms of the degree of influence, the promotion policy and management system of private colleges and universities have the greatest influence on the career development of counselors, followed by the professional background and subjective will of counselors. Counselors in private colleges and universities should strengthen their career autonomy, improve planning techniques and methods to turn passivity into initiative and win career development opportunities, prepare career growth manuals, and strengthen career planning awareness.

Two studies were conducted to examine the relationships among university students' academic self-concept, perceptions of the learning environment, engagement, and learning outcomes (academic achievement, generic skills development, and learning satisfaction). Study 1 (N = 1,502) adopted a cross-sectional design and supported a model showing that engagement mediated the effects of academic self-concept and perceptions of the learning environment on generic skills development and learning satisfaction. It was also found that academic self-concept directly predicted academic achievement and generic skills and that perceptions of the learning environment directly predicted learning satisfaction. Study 2 (N = 2,069) adopted a longitudinal design involving three waves of data collection with a 1-year interval (freshman, sophomore, junior). The results of study 2 replicated the findings of study 1 and supported a reciprocal effects model showing that prior academic achievement predicted subsequent self-concept which in turn determined future achievement even with prior achievement partialed out. These findings contribute to developing a finer-grained model of higher education student learning.

Abstract At present, most studies of anchorage techniques for earthen architecture ruins are conducted so as to improve the anchor force, however, the damage caused to the ruins by anchor reinforcement has not been fully considered in practice and no special anchor technique has been applied to reinforce the small sliding mass. This paper summarizes the application and R&D of anchor rod techniques as applied to the protection of the Gaochang Ruins, Turpan, in China. Based on the reinforcement of the small sliding mass of the earthen historical ramparts, a new type of Geotechnical Filament Anchor (GFA) is designed. By changing six parameters, including anchorage length (L), GF thickness (H), bore diameter (D), slurry strength (S), GFA surface state (R) and inclination Angle (A), the tensile strength, failure mode, load displacement (P-S) relationship and strain (ζ-L) distribution characteristics are studied, and corresponding analysis is performed on the test data and phenomena. (1) A formula for the design value of the anchorage force N is presented. (2) Combining the data on the strain distribution at the GF-slurry interface under the action of N, the shear stress distribution model of the anchorage system is obtained. (3) Taking into account the soil mechanical properties of the above-mentioned ruins, the shear stress diffusion coefficient (α) is conceptualized, the formula for the shear strength of the grouting material is obtained, and the allowable ranges of L, D, H, R, and S determined. A new design is proposed for the application of anchorage techniques to earthen ruins in the context of protection of cultural relics, which promotes the design and calculation method described in this paper.