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OBJETIVOS: investigar a prevalência e os fatores associados à ocorrência de anemia em mulheres indígenas Suruí com idade entre 15 e 49 anos. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal realizado a partir de levantamento censitário em 2005 na terra indígena Sete de Setembro, localizada em Rondônia, Brasil. A dosagem de hemoglobina (Hb) foi realizada pelo aparelho β-hemoglobinômetro portátil. Pontos de corte de anemia: Hb OBJECTIVES: to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with the occurrence of anemia in indigenous Surui women aged between 15 and 49 years. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was carried out based on the 2005 census of Sete de Setembro indigenous territory in the Brazilian State of Rondônia. Hemoglobin measurement (Hb) was carried out using a portable β-hemoglobinometer. The cut-off points for anemia were Hb

INTRODUÇÃO: Entre os Suruí de Rondônia foram registradas incidências médias de TB > 2.500/100.000 habitantes, entre 1991-2002. Aproximadamente 50% desses casos foram notificados em < 15 anos. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo clínico-epidemiológico que teve como objetivo descrever as características clínico-radiológicas em crianças e adolescentes identificados como contatos de doentes de TB. Além disto, aplicar o sistema de pontuação para o diagnóstico de TB na infância e verificar se as condutas adotadas no nível local foram concordantes com as diretrizes nacionais. RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 52 Rx de 37 indígenas. Deste conjunto, 48,1% foram normais e 51,9% anormais. Alguns dos Rx apresentaram duas ou mais alterações, totalizando 36 eventos independentes. Observou-se infiltrados (38,9%), calcificações (38,9%), cavitações (11,1%) e atelectasias/derrame pleural (11,1%). Nas imagens anormais, 22,2% eram TB provavelmente ativa e 33,3% sequelas. A confrontação com as diretrizes constatou 52,6% de condutas discordantes. CONCLUSÕES: A presença da infecção tuberculosa latente (ITBL) e TB ativa, entre crianças e adolescentes, são indicadores de transmissão ativa e continuada do Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Os Rx mostrando alta frequência de infiltrados e calcificações é compatível com primo-infecção em idade precoce. Entretanto, essas alterações não são diferentes daquelas observadas entre outros grupos, não sugerindo comprometimento imunológico. As discordâncias apontadas indicam que o momento ideal para o tratamento da ITBL passou despercebido. Conclui-se que é fundamental a utilização do sistema de pontuação para o correto diagnóstico de TB na infância, assim como a realização de baciloscopia e cultura de escarro em adolescentes capazes de expectorar.INTRODUCTION: The average incidence coefficient of tuberculosis in Suruí Indians from Rondônia was 2.500/100.000 inhabitants in 1991-2002. About 50% of these cases were reported in children < 15 years-old. METHODS: This study aimed to describe the clinical and radiological characteristics of children and adolescents identified as TB case contacts. A score system for the diagnosis of childhood TB was used and the procedures adopted by local health services were in accordance with national guidelines. RESULTS: 52 chest X-rays of 37 indigenous subjects were analyzed; of these, 51.9% were abnormal. Some X-rays showed more than two lesions, making a total of 36 independent events. Infiltrates (38.9%), calcifications (38.9%), cavitations (11.1%) and atelectasis/pleural effusion (11.1%) were observed. Among the abnormal images, 22.2% were probably indicated active TB and 33.3% showed sequelae. Confrontation with the guidelines revealed 52.6% of divergent procedures. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active TB between children and adolescents are indicators of active and progressive transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The X-rays showed high frequencies of infiltrates and calcifications, which are compatible with primary infection in early childhood. However, these lesions are not different from those observed among other groups and do not suggest immune deficiencies. The divergences presented show that the best moment for the treatment of LTBI went unnoticed by local personnel. In conclusion, the use of a score system is fundamental for the correct diagnosis of TB in childhood, as is conducting bacilloscopy and sputum culture in adolescents able to expectorate.

O povo Baniwa, grupo Aruak que vive no Noroeste amazônico, possui rica tradição mítica que influencia a expressão das dimensões políticas, éticas e práticas da vida social e orienta conhecimentos ancestrais que garantem a sobrevivência do grupo em condições ambientais adversas. O artigo analisa mitos e ritos estruturados em torno das fontes alimentares pesqueiras, em íntima interação com as explicações cosmológicas sobre a origem dos deuses, dos cursos d'água e dos micro-ecossistemas que favorecem a reprodução da fauna aquática. A mitologia Baniwa remete os processos reprodutivos dos peixes a um conjunto de relações sociais travadas entre sociedades humanas e não-humanas. Predação e comensalidade, noções subjacentes aos ritos alimentares, são concebidas como parte de um conjunto de práticas que visam à produção e manutenção das alianças de parentesco, à redução da periculosidade do alimento/presa e à manutenção do equilíbrio no balanço cósmico que garante a vida.The Baniwa people, a member of the Aruak group which lives in the northwestern Amazon, has a rich mythic tradition that influences how the political, ethical, and practical dimensions of their social life are expressed and that guides the ancestral knowledge that guarantees the group's survival under adverse environmental conditions. The article analyzes myths and rites built around fish as a food source; these have an intimate relationship with cosmological explanations of the origin of the gods, water bodies, and the micro-ecosystems that foster the reproduction of aquatic fauna. Baniwa mythology draws an association between the reproductive processes of fish and a set of social relations involving human and non-human societies. Predation and edibility - notions underlying food rites - are viewed as part of a set of practices meant to produce and maintain kinship alliances, ease the food/prey peril, and maintain the cosmic balance that sustains life.

Describe the distribution of bioelectrical measurements among the Kaingáng from Rio Grande do Sul (RS).Cross-sectional study conducted among students of the Indigenous Lands of RS (N= 3248). Height (H) was measured according to the OMS. Resistence (R) and reactance (Xc) were obtained through bioimpedance, and were adjusted by H. The phase angle (AF) was estimated by: arc-tangente (Xc/R)*180/π. Mean values (SD) and centiles of the variables were calculated by gender and age group. Means were compared using t Student and ANOVA tests (p <0.05). The age proportions (%) among the evaluated were: children (42.4), adolescents (56.0) and adults/elderly (1.6). In general, values of R and R/H were higher among younger individuals and females. Mean values of Xc and Xc/H changed among the different age groups, and in general, lower values of AF were observed in those younger groups and females. Despite the limited possibilities of comparisons, in general way, the tendencies of distribution of the bioelectrical values among the Kaingáng are in according with results found in other investigations. This study is a pioneer in the description of bioelectrical measures for a Brazilian indigenous population, and is intended to serve as a base for comparisons with future studies in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)