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Copyright of Acta Sedimentologica Sinica is the property of Acta Sedimentologica Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Research of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Institute of Soil & Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Command Control & Simulation / Zhihui Kongzhi yu Fangzhen is the property of Command Control & Simulation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Zhejiang Electric Power is the property of Zhejiang Electric Power Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective · To investigate whether vitamin E could reverse the disruptive effects of bisphenol A (BPA) on steroidogenesis and to explore the optimal vitamin E concentration. Methods · Rat primary granulosa cells were extracted and exposed to BPA (0, 0.01, 0.1,1,10,100 μmol/L). After 48 h of incubation, culture medium was collected and estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) were measured using ELISA kits. Then, granulosa cells were incubated with 5 μmol/L(average concentration in follicular fluid) or 25 μmol/L (high concentration in follicular fluid) vitamin E (α-tocopherol) or vitamin E (5 μmol/L or 25 μmol/L) plus BPA (10 μmol/L or 100 μmol/L) for 48 h, E2 and P4 were measured. Results · BPA at 10 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L suppressed E2 and P4 production in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Vitamin E at 25 μmol/L significantly increased E2 and P4 levels by (44.89±15.18) % and (43.33±8.82) % (P<0.05), respectively. Coincubation of the granulosa cells with BPA and vitamin E (5 μmol/L or 25 μmol/L) restored the productions of E2 and P4, which were not significantly different from the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion · Vitamin E (5 μmol/L/25 μmol/L) could reverse BPA-induced reduction in steroid hormone production in rat ovary granulosa cells, and the antagonistic effect of 25 μmol/L vitamin E was more obvious than that of 5 μmol/L vitamin E. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the critiques of the Taiji Tushuo《太極圖說》， one of the most important classics of Shushigaku 朱子學 in the history of Japanese ConfUcianism， that were advanced by Ito Jinsai 伊藤仁齋 and Ito Togai 伊藤東涯. Jinsai and Togai were famous for their anti-Shushigaku thought. Although there are some misunderstandings present in their critiques of the Taiji Tushuo and Zhu Xi 朱熹， it is argued here that their interpretations still have value because they shed light on a different perspective regarding the Yijing and the Taiji Tushuo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective · To investigate the effects of maternal vitamin D deficiency and supplementation on the immunomodulatory function of Th1/Th2 in offspring rats. Methods · Forty-eight female SD (8-week-old) rats were randomly assigned to three groups, i.e control group (C group, n=16), vitamin D deficiency group (VDD group, n=16), and vitamin D supplementation group (VDS group, n=16). C group was fed a normal diet and VDD and VDS groups were fed a vitamin D deficiency diet. After four weeks, females and males were housed in a 2∶1 ratio. After gestation, C group and VDS group were fed a normal diet and VDD group was still fed a vitamin D deficiency diet. The vitamin D level in female rats was measured using LC-MS/MS at gestational day 10 (second trimester). The vitamin D level, the ratio of Th1/Th2, and expressions of serum IFN-γ and IL-4 in offspring were measured using LC-MS/MS, flow cytometry, and ELISA 4 weeks after birth, respectively. Results · For C group, VDD group, and VDS group, the 25(OH)D levels in female rats were (23.23±2.08), (5.52±2.36), and (11.35±1.84) ng/mL, respectively, while the 25(OH)D levels in offspring were (7.15±1.30), (0.93±0.22), and (6.82±1.37) ng/mL, respectively. The 25(OH)D levels in female rats and their offspring of VDD group were significantly lower than those of C group and VDS group (P<0.05). The Th1/Th2 ratios in offspring of C group, VDD group, and VDS group were 0.90±0.35, 0.24±0.08, and 0.94±0.26, respectively. The Th1/Th2 ratio in VDD group was significantly polarized toward Th2 and polarization of Th2 in VDS group was remarkably improved compared with C group. The IFN-γ levels in C group, VDD group, and VDS group were (18.72±5.66), (8.27±3.86), and (19.31±5.68) pg/ml, and the IL-4 levels were (3.49±0.52), (4.14±0.55), and (3.52±0.52) pg/ml. The IFN-γ level significantly decreased and the IL-4 level significantly increased in VDD group compared with C group and VDS group (P<0.05). Conclusion · Vitamin D deficiency in pregnant rats caused the imbalance of Th1/Th2 (Th2 polarization) and IFN-γ/IL-4 (drifting toward IL-4) in offspring. Vitamin D supplementation significantly improved the imbalance of Th1/Th2 and IFN-γ/IL-4 in offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]