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Detecting vortices in neutral superfluids represents an outstanding experimental challenge. Using stochastic classical-field methods, we theoretically show that a quantum impurity repulsively coupled to a weakly-interacting Bose gas at finite temperature carries direct spectroscopic signatures of vortex proliferation. In two dimensions, we find that a low-energy (attractive) branch in the excitation spectrum becomes prominent when the temperature is tuned across the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition. We explain this red-shifted resonance as originating from the binding of the impurity to vortices, where the bosons density (and hence, the repulsive Hartree energy) is reduced. This mechanism could be exploited to spectroscopically estimate the BKT transition in excitonic insulators. In contrast, in three dimensions, the impurity spectra reflect the presence of vortex rings well below the condensation temperature, and herald the presence of a thermal gas above the Bose-Einstein condensation transition. Importantly, we expect our results to have impact on the understanding of Bose-polaron formation at finite temperatures., Comment: corrected affiliations

In this work we study a system of interacting fermions on a triangular lattice in the presence of an external magnetic field. We neglect spin and fix a density of one third, with one unit of magnetic flux per particle. The infinite density matrix renormalization group (iDMRG) algorithm is used to compute the ground state of this generalized Fermi-Hubbard model. Increasing the strength of the nearest-neighbor repulsion, we find a first order transition between an Integer Quantum Hall phase and a crystalline, generalized Wigner crystal state. The first-order nature of the phase transition is consistent with a Ginzburg-Landau argument. We expect our results to be relevant for moir\'e heterostructures of two-dimensional materials.

Rare-earth emitters in solids are well-suited for implementing efficient, long-lived quantum memory coupled to integrated photonics for scalable quantum technologies. They are typically introduced as dopants in a solid-state host, but this introduces disorder and limits the available density of emitters. Stoichiometric materials can offer high densities with narrow optical linewidths. The regular spacing of emitters also opens possibilities for quantum information processing and collective effects. Here we show narrow optical linewidths in a layered stoichiometric crystalline material, NaEu(IO$_3$)$_4$. We observed an inhomogeneous linewidth of 2.2(1) GHz and a homogeneous linewidth of 120(4) kHz. Using spectral hole-burning techniques, we observe a hyperfine spin lifetime of 1.9(4) s. Furthermore, we demonstrate an atomic frequency comb delay of up to 800 ns.

Attention guides our gaze to fixate the proper location of the scene and holds it in that location for the deserved amount of time given current processing demands, before shifting to the next one. As such, gaze deployment crucially is a temporal process. Existing computational models have made significant strides in predicting spatial aspects of observer's visual scanpaths (where to look), while often putting on the background the temporal facet of attention dynamics (when). In this paper we present TPP-Gaze, a novel and principled approach to model scanpath dynamics based on Neural Temporal Point Process (TPP), that jointly learns the temporal dynamics of fixations position and duration, integrating deep learning methodologies with point process theory. We conduct extensive experiments across five publicly available datasets. Our results show the overall superior performance of the proposed model compared to state-of-the-art approaches. Source code and trained models are publicly available at: https://github.com/phuselab/tppgaze., Comment: Accepted at WACV 2025

Interacting bosons on a single plaquette threaded by a $\pi$-flux can spontaneously break time-reversal symmetry, resulting in a chiral loop current. Connecting such bosonic $\pi$-flux plaquettes in a dispersive configuration was recently shown to lead to long-range chiral order. Here, instead, we design a chain of $\pi$-flux plaquettes that exhibits an all-flat-bands single-particle energy spectrum and an extensive set of local symmetries. Using Elitzur's theorem, we show that these local symmetries prevent the emergence of long-range chiral order. Moreover, projecting the dynamics to a Creutz ladder model with an effective intra-rung interaction allows one to derive simple spin Hamiltonians capturing the ground state degeneracy and the low-energy excitations, and to confirm the absence of chiral order. Nevertheless, we show how to obtain gauge-invariant information from a mean-field approach, which explicitly break gauge-invaraince. Finally, we observe an ``impurity self-pinning'' phenomenon, when an extra boson is added on top of a ground state at integer filling, resulting in a non-dispersive density peak. Exact diagonalization benchmarks are also provided, and experimental perspectives are discussed., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures

A mobile impurity immersed in a non-interacting Fermi sea is dressed by the gapless particle-hole excitations of the fermionic medium. This conventional Fermi-polaron setting is well described by the so-called ladder approximation, which consists in neglecting impurity-hole scattering processes. In this work, we analyze polaron formation in the context of insulating states of matter, considering increasing levels of correlation in the medium:~band insulators originating from external periodic potentials, spontaneously-formed charge density waves, and a Fermi-Hubbard system undergoing a metal-Mott insulator transition. The polaron spectral function is shown to exhibit striking signatures of the underlying fermionic background, such as the single-particle band gap, particle-hole symmetry and the transition to the Mott state. These signatures are identified within the framework of the Chevy ansatz, i.e. upon restricting the Hilbert space to single particle-hole excitations. Interestingly, we find that the ladder approximation is inaccurate in these band systems, due to the fact that the particle and hole scattering phase spaces are comparable. Our results provide a step forward in the understanding of polaron formation in correlated many-body media, which are relevant to both cold-atom and semiconductor experiments., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures

Immersing a mobile impurity in a quantum many-body environment can reveal fundamental properties of the background medium, hence providing a powerful probe of quantum matter. This approach is particularly intriguing when considering media with exotic properties, such as strongly-correlated phases and topological states of matter. In this work, we study the dressing of a mobile impurity interacting with a chiral mode, as provided by the edge of topological quantum matter. The resulting ''chiral polaron'' is characterized by an asymmetric spectral function, which reflects the chirality and group velocity of the topological edge mode and the drag experienced by the mobile impurity. We first build our theoretical understanding from an effective one-dimensional chiral model, which captures the hallmark signatures of the chiral polaron. We then demonstrate how this simple picture extends to realistic models of integer and fractional Chern insulator states, by adapting tensor-network methods to polaron spectroscopy. Injecting mobile impurities on the edge of topological quantum matter is shown to be a powerful tool to probe exotic edge properties, particularly suitable for cold-atom experiments., Comment: 28 pages, 7 Sections and 5 Appendices

X-ray computed microtomography ({\mu}-CT) is a non-destructive technique that can generate high-resolution 3D images of the internal anatomy of medical and biological samples. These images enable clinicians to examine internal anatomy and gain insights into the disease or anatomical morphology. However, extracting relevant information from 3D images requires semantic segmentation of the regions of interest, which is usually done manually and results time-consuming and tedious. In this work, we propose a novel framework that uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to automatically segment the full morphology of the heart of Carassius auratus. The framework employs an optimized 2D CNN architecture that can infer a 3D segmentation of the sample, avoiding the high computational cost of a 3D CNN architecture. We tackle the challenges of handling large and high-resoluted image data (over a thousand pixels in each dimension) and a small training database (only three samples) by proposing a standard protocol for data normalization and processing. Moreover, we investigate how the noise, contrast, and spatial resolution of the sample and the training of the architecture are affected by the reconstruction technique, which depends on the number of input images. Experiments show that our framework significantly reduces the time required to segment new samples, allowing a faster microtomography analysis of the Carassius auratus heart shape. Furthermore, our framework can work with any bio-image (biological and medical) from {\mu}-CT with high-resolution and small dataset size

We theoretically demonstrate that the hallmarks of correlation and fermionization in a one-dimensional exciton-polaritons gas can be observed with state-of-the-art technology. Our system consists of a chain of excitonic quantum dots coupled to a photonic waveguide, with a low filling of polaritons. We analytically identify the Tonks-Girardeau, Tavis-Cummings and mean-field limits and relate them to different regimes of the excitonic anharmonicity and photonic bandwidth. Using matrix-product states, we numerically calculate the ground-state energies, correlation functions and dynamic structure factor of the system. In particular, the latter has a finite weight in the Lieb-Liniger hole branch, and the density-density correlator displays Friedel-like oscillations for realistic parameters, which reveal the onset of fermionization close to the Tonks-Girardeau regime. Our work encourages future experiments aimed at observing, for the first time and in spite of the moderate excitonic anharmonicity, strongly correlated exciton-polariton physics., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, supplemental material: 2 pages, 4 figures

Word Ladders is a free mobile application for Android and iOS, developed for collecting linguistic data, specifically lists of words related to each other through semantic relations of categorical inclusion, within the Abstraction project (ERC-2021-STG-101039777). We hereby provide an overview of Word Ladders, explaining its game logic, motivation and expected results and applications to nlp tasks as well as to the investigation of cognitive scientific open questions

This paper introduces a novel annotation framework for the fine-grained modeling of Noun Phrases' (NPs) genericity in natural language. The framework is designed to be simple and intuitive, making it accessible to non-expert annotators and suitable for crowd-sourced tasks. Drawing from theoretical and cognitive literature on genericity, this framework is grounded in established linguistic theory. Through a pilot study, we created a small but crucial annotated dataset of 324 sentences, serving as a foundation for future research. To validate our approach, we conducted an evaluation comparing our continuous annotations with existing binary annotations on the same dataset, demonstrating the framework's effectiveness in capturing nuanced aspects of genericity. Our work offers a practical resource for linguists, providing a first annotated dataset and an annotation scheme designed to build real-language datasets that can be used in studies on the semantics of genericity, and NLP practitioners, contributing to the development of commonsense knowledge repositories valuable in enhancing various NLP applications., Comment: Accepted at LREC-COLING 2024

Human attention modelling has proven, in recent years, to be particularly useful not only for understanding the cognitive processes underlying visual exploration, but also for providing support to artificial intelligence models that aim to solve problems in various domains, including image and video processing, vision-and-language applications, and language modelling. This survey offers a reasoned overview of recent efforts to integrate human attention mechanisms into contemporary deep learning models and discusses future research directions and challenges. For a comprehensive overview on the ongoing research refer to our dedicated repository available at https://github.com/aimagelab/awesome-human-visual-attention., Comment: Accepted at IJCAI 2024 Survey Track

It is well-known that every sharply 2-transitive group of characteristic 3 splits. Here we construct the first examples of non-split sharply 2-transitive groups in odd positive characteristic $p$, for sufficiently large primes $p$. Furthermore, we show that any group without 2-torsion can be embedded into a non-split sharply 2-transitive group of characteristic $p$ for all sufficiently large primes $p$, yielding $2^{\aleph_0}$ many pairwise non-isomorphic countable non-split sharply 2-transitive groups in any sufficiently large characteristic., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1311.0855 by other authors

Immersing a mobile impurity into a many-body quantum system represents a theoretically intriguing and experimentally effective way of probing its properties.In this work, we study the polaron spectral function in various environments, within the framework of Fermi-Hubbard models. Inspired by possible realizations in cold atoms and semiconductor heterostructures, we consider different configurations for the background Fermi gas, including charge density waves, multiple Fermi seas and pair superfluids. While our calculations are performed using an exact-diagonalization approach, hence limiting our analysis to systems of few interacting Fermi particles, we identify robust spectral features supported by theoretical results. Our work provides a benchmark for computations based on mean-field approaches and reveal surprising features of polaron spectra, inspiring new theoretical investigations., Comment: Resubmission to SciPost

We show that lasing in flat band lattices can be stabilized by means of the geometrical properties of the Bloch states, in settings where the single-particle dispersion is flat in both its real and imaginary parts. We illustrate a general projection method and compute the collective excitations, which are shown to display a diffusive behavior ruled by quantum geometry through a peculiar coefficient involving gain, losses and interactions. Then, we analytically show that the phase dynamics display a surprising cancellation of the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang nonlinearity at the leading order. Because of the relevance of Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality in one-dimensional geometries, we focus our study on the diamond chain and provide confirmation of these results through full numerical simulations., Comment: Added Ref. 17,18,22

We investigate the finite-size origin of the emission linewidth of a spatially-extended, one-dimensional non-equilibrium condensate. We show that the well-known Schawlow-Townes scaling of laser theory, possibly including the Henry broadening factor, only holds for small system sizes, while in larger systems the linewidth displays a novel scaling determined by Kardar-Parisi-Zhang physics. This is shown to lead to an opposite dependence of the linewidth on the optical nonlinearity in the two cases. We then study how sub-universal properties of the phase dynamics such as the higher moments of the phase-phase correlator are affected by the finite size and discuss the relation between the field coherence and the exponential of the phase-phase correlator. We finally identify a configuration with enhanced open boundary conditions, which supports a spatially uniform steady-state and facilitates experimental studies of the linewidth scaling., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures

Few elementary students in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) are scoring at grade level or higher on the ACT Aspire reading assessment. To better understand factors associated with the reading proficiency of CNMI grade 3 students, stakeholders there asked the Regional Educational Laboratory Pacific to examine the demographic characteristics and education experiences of students who demonstrated reading proficiency by grade 3. The study focused on grade 3 students who were enrolled in CNMI public schools from 2014/15 to 2018/19. It found that female students, students who did not receive free or reduced-priced lunch, students who were older at the time of kindergarten entry, Filipino students, and students who did not change schools were more likely to demonstrate reading proficiency in grade 3 than other students. There was no difference in grade 3 reading proficiency between students who had enrolled in Head Start and students who had not. This study brief to the full report presents: (1) Why this study was conducted; (2) What was studied and how; (3) Findings; and (4) Implications. [For the full report, see ED614905. For the Study Snapshot, see ED614908. For the appendixes, see ED614910.]

Few elementary students on the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) are scoring at grade level or higher on the ACT Aspire reading assessment. To better understand factors associated with the reading proficiency of CNMI grade 3 students, stakeholders there asked the Regional Educational Laboratory Pacific to examine the demographic characteristics and education experiences of students who demonstrated reading proficiency by grade 3. The study focused on grade 3 students who were enrolled in CNMI public schools from 2014/15 to 2018/19. It found that female students, students who did not receive free or reduced-priced lunch, students who were older at the time of kindergarten entry, Filipino students, and students who did not change schools were more likely to demonstrate reading proficiency in grade 3 than other students. There was no difference in grade 3 reading proficiency between students who had enrolled in Head Start and students who had not. [For the Study Snapshot, see ED614908. For the Study Brief, see ED614907. For the appendixes, see ED614910.]

Recent advances in fabrication of two dimensional materials and their moir\'e heterostructures have opened up new avenues for realization of ground-state excitonic insulators, where the structure spontaneously develops a finite interlayer electronic polarization. We propose and analyze a scheme where an optically generated intralayer exciton is screened by excitations out of the excitonic insulator to form interlayer polarons. Using Quantum Monte-Carlo calculations we first determine the binding energy of the biexciton state composed of inter- and intralayer excitons, which plays a central role in understanding polaron formation. We describe the excitations out of the ground-state condensate using BCS theory and use a single interacting-quasiparticle-pair excitation Ansatz to describe dynamical screening of optical excitations. Our predictions carry the hallmarks of the excitonic insulator excitation spectrum and show how changing the interlayer exciton binding energy by increasing the layer separation modifies the optical spectra.

Multidimensional spectroscopy is becoming an increasingly popular tool and there is an ongoing effort to access electronic transitions and many-body dynamics in correlated materials. We apply the protocol recently proposed by Wang to extract two-dimensional polaron spectra in a Fermi superfluid with an impurity. The bath is descibed by a BCS ansatz and it assumed that the impurity can scatter at most one quasiparticle pair. The spectral response contains a symmetric contribution, which carries the same information as Ramsey spectra, and an asymmetric one. While {\it a priori} it may seem promising to probe the quasiparticle gap from the asymmetric contribution, we show explicitly that this is not the case and, in the absence of incoherent processes, multidimensional spectroscopy does not bring much additional information. Our calculation is suitable for 3D ultracold gases, but we discuss implications for exciton-polarons in 2D materials.