20 results on '"Acharki, Siham"'
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2. Use of gene expression programming to predict reference evapotranspiration in different climatic conditions
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Raza, Ali, Vishwakarma, Dinesh Kumar, Acharki, Siham, Al-Ansari, Nadhir, Alshehri, Fahad, and Elbeltagi, Ahmed
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- 2024
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3. Land use/land change detection and determination of land surface temperature variation in green belt (Nasirabad) district of Balochistan, Pakistan
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Raza, Ali, Syed, Neyha Rubab, Fahmeed, Romana, Acharki, Siham, Hussain, Sajjad, Zubair, Muhammad, Almohamad, Hussein, Alao, Joseph Omeiza, Rahman, Md. Naimur, and Abdo, Hazem Ghassan
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- 2023
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4. Land cover and crop types mapping using different spatial resolution imagery in a Mediterranean irrigated area
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Acharki, Siham, Frison, Pierre-Louis, Veettil, Bijeesh Kozhikkodan, Pham, Quoc Bao, Singh, Sudhir Kumar, Amharref, Mina, and Bernoussi, Abdes Samed
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- 2023
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5. Hydrological modeling of spatial and temporal variations in streamflow due to multiple climate change scenarios in northwestern Morocco
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Acharki, Siham, Taia, Soufiane, Arjdal, Youssef, and Hack, Jochen
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- 2023
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6. Coastal environmental changes in Ninh Thuan Province, South-Central Vietnam.
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Kozhikkodan Veettil, Bijeesh, Acharki, Siham, Puri, Vikram, and Teck, Vanna
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INTEGRATED coastal zone management , *COASTAL changes , *CLIMATE change mitigation , *SOIL salinity , *ENVIRONMENTAL degradation , *MANGROVE ecology , *SHORELINES - Abstract
Vietnam's coastal regions are highly vulnerable to natural hazards and human-induced changes, posing significant challenges to their ecological and socio-economic systems. The country's mangrove vegetation spans its entire coastline and has been depleted for decades in many regions. Notably, Vietnam's proactive stance on climate change mitigation received significant recognition during the 26th Conference of the Parties (COP26) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. This study investigated five critical coastal environmental features (shoreline dynamics, drought conditions, soil salinity trends, mangrove deforestation, and reforestation, as well as spatiotemporal variations in aquaculture and salt farming areas) using satellite data and geospatial analysis. Findings revealed a 58% decline in mangrove areas between 1989 and 2023, with a sharp decline between 1989 and 2001, followed by a gradual recovery. Furthermore, soil salinity along the Ninh Thuan coast indicated a continuous increase, except during the strong La Niña period in 2001. Additionally, aquaculture and salt marshes have expanded significantly, changing land use patterns. These findings highlight the urgent need for integrated coastal zone management to mitigate environmental degradation and enhance ecosystem resilience. Future studies should investigate the socio-economic implications of these changes and evaluate restoration strategies for sustainable coastal development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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7. Projection analysis of future drought characteristics in Upper Draa Catchment (Southern Morocco)
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El Qorchi Fadoua, Khebiza Mohammed Yacoubi, Omondi Onyango Augustine, Karmaoui Ahmed, and Acharki Siham
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Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
The consequences of global warming will aggravate the impacts of droughts. Future drought patterns are important for planning and policy formulation to mitigate the adverse effect of climate change. Consequently, this study aims at examining the projected the drought characteristics in seven meteorological stations in the Upper Draa Catchment (UDC) during the period from 1980 to 2016 using standardized precipitation index. The future climate scenarios were predicted by the model CNRM-ALADIN63 for three periods (2025–2049, 2050–2074, and 2075–2099). The changes were examined based on two Representative Concentration Pathways scenarios, namely: RCP4.5and RCP8.5. The findings indicated that increasingly extreme droughts are anticipated to occur during (2050-2074) followed by (2025-2049) than (2075-2099) under both scenarios. The results reveal a contrast in drought event frequency between historical data and projections with a noticeable variation of patterns of droughts characteristics across stations and time periods. This accentuates how urgent it is for the Upper Draa Catchment to implement proactive water resource management and adaptive strategies.
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- 2024
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8. Meteorological drought forecasting via soft computing models in Gharb perimeter (Northwest Morocco)
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Acharki Siham, Arjdal Youssef, and El Mansouri Bouabid
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Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Drought forecasting has implications for managing water and irrigation. Currently, with improved technology like artificial intelligence, forecasting can be more accurate. In this research, we chose standardized potential evapotranspiration index (SPEI) to characterize drought pattern. To achieve this, the data used was acquired from five meteorological stations in an irrigated Moroccan perimeter from 1976 to 2015. Besides, we predict SPEI at two scales (SPEI-3 and SPEI-6) with two inputs combination by exploring the capabilities of M5 pruned (M5P) and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), along with their hybrid model (LightGBM-M5P). To assess their effectiveness, we employed three statistical metrics (R2, MAE and RMSE). The findings indicated that using a larger time scale for analysis enhances the ability to forecast SPEI values more accurately. Moreover, the forecasting analysis revealed that M5P model demonstrated superior performance compared to the other studied models.
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- 2024
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9. Long-term spatiotemporal surface water dynamics using Google Earth Engine in southeastern Morocco
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Acharki Siham, Arjdal Youssef, Taia Soufiane, and El Mansouri Bouabid
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Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Monitoring changes in water areas within arid regions is vital for directing water resource development and ensuring efficient use, and addressing the impacts of drought and climate change. Thus, in this research, we examined the annual changes in surface water at the El Mansour Eddahbi (EME) dam (southeastern Morocco) from 1984 to 2023. To achieve this, we exploited the Google Earth Engine’s potential and applied four water indices – MNDWI, EWI, NWI, and AWEI – to Landsat satellite images. Subsequently, for each year, a supervised classification utilizing random forest was implemented to accurately extract and identify water areas. The findings revealed that the EME dam’s water surface area fluctuates substantially on an inter-annual basis. Besides, Pearson’s analysis demonstrates that the EME dam’s water surface area has a strong positive correlation with drought indices such as SPI-12 and SPEI-12. This highlights the link between changing surface water, drought, and the need for adaptive water management under climate change.
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- 2024
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10. Crop classification in Google Earth Engine: leveraging Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, European CAP data, and object-based machine-learning approaches
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Vizzari, Marco, primary, Lesti, Giacomo, additional, and Acharki, Siham, additional
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- 2024
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11. Land Use/Land Cover Change Detection and NDVI Estimation in Pakistan’s Southern Punjab Province
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Hu, Yongguang, primary, Raza, Ali, additional, Syed, Neyha Rubab, additional, Acharki, Siham, additional, Ray, Ram L., additional, Hussain, Sajjad, additional, Dehghanisanij, Hossein, additional, Zubair, Muhammad, additional, and Elbeltagi, Ahmed, additional
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- 2023
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12. Analyzing Temporal Patterns of Temperature, Precipitation, and Drought Incidents: A Comprehensive Study of Environmental Trends in the Upper Draa Basin, Morocco.
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El Qorchi, Fadoua, Yacoubi Khebiza, Mohammed, Omondi, Onyango Augustine, Karmaoui, Ahmed, Pham, Quoc Bao, and Acharki, Siham
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DROUGHT management ,ENVIRONMENTAL sciences ,DROUGHTS ,TEMPERATURE - Abstract
Quantifying variation in precipitation and drought in the context of a changing climate is important to assess climate-induced changes and propose feasible mitigation strategies, particularly in agrarian economies. This study investigates the main characteristics and historical drought trend for the period 1980–2016 using the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), Standard Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI), Run Theory and Mann–Kendall Trend Test at seven stations across the Upper Draa Basin. The results indicate that rainfall has the largest magnitude over the M'semrir and Agouim (>218 mm/pa) and the lowest in the Agouilal, Mansour Eddahbi Dam, and Assaka subregions (104 mm–134 mm/pa). The annual rainfall exhibited high variability with a coefficient of variation between 35−57% and was positively related to altitude with a correlation coefficient of 0.86. However, no significant annual rainfall trend was detected for all stations. The drought analysis results showed severe drought in 1981–1984, 2000–2001, and 2013–2014, with 2001 being the driest year during the study period and over 75% of both SPEI and SPI values returned drought. Conversely, wet years were experienced in 1988–1990 and 2007–2010, with 1989 being the wettest year. The drought frequency was low (<19%) across all the timescales considered for both SPI and SPEI, with Mansour Eddahbi Dam and Assaka recording the highest frequencies for SPI-3 and SPEI-3, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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13. Multi-Criteria GIS-Based Analysis for Mapping Suitable Sites for Onshore Wind Farms in Southeast France
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Ifkirne, Mohammed, primary, El Bouhi, Houssam, additional, Acharki, Siham, additional, Pham, Quoc Bao, additional, Farah, Abdelouahed, additional, and Linh, Nguyen Thi Thuy, additional
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- 2022
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14. Misconceptions of Reference and Potential Evapotranspiration: A PRISMA-Guided Comprehensive Review
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Raza, Ali, primary, Al-Ansari, Nadhir, additional, Hu, Yongguang, additional, Acharki, Siham, additional, Vishwakarma, Dinesh Kumar, additional, Aghelpour, Pouya, additional, Zubair, Muhammad, additional, Wandolo, Christine Ajuang, additional, and Elbeltagi, Ahmed, additional
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- 2022
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15. Misconceptions of Reference and Potential Evapotranspiration: A PRISMA-Guided Comprehensive Review
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Raza, Ali, Al-Ansari, Nadhir, Hu, Yongguang, Acharki, Siham, Vishwakarma, Dinesh Kumar, Aghelpour, Pouya, Zubair, Muhammad, Wandolo, Christine Ajuang, Elbeltagi, Ahmed, Raza, Ali, Al-Ansari, Nadhir, Hu, Yongguang, Acharki, Siham, Vishwakarma, Dinesh Kumar, Aghelpour, Pouya, Zubair, Muhammad, Wandolo, Christine Ajuang, and Elbeltagi, Ahmed
- Abstract
One of the most important parts of the hydrological cycle is evapotranspiration (ET). Accurate estimates of ET in irrigated regions are critical to the planning, control, and regulation of agricultural natural resources. Accurate ET estimation is necessary for agricultural irrigation scheduling. ET is a nonlinear and complex process that cannot be calculated directly. Reference evapotranspiration (RET) and potential evapotranspiration (PET) are two primary forms of ET. The ideas, equations, and application areas for PET and RET are different. These two terms have been confused and used interchangeably by researchers. Therefore, terminology clarification is necessary to ensure their proper use. The research indicates that PET and RET concepts have a long and distinguished history. Thornthwaite devised the original PET idea, and it has been used ever since, although with several improvements. The development of RET, although initially confused with that of PET, was formally defined as a standard method. In this study, the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) was used. Equations for RET estimation were retrieved from 44 research articles, and equations for PET estimation were collected from 26 studies. Both the PET and RET equations were divided into three distinct categories: temperature-based, radiation-based, and combination-based. The results show that, among temperature-based equations for PET, Thornthwaite's (1948) equation was mentioned in 12,117 publications, whereas among temperature-based equations for RET, Hargreaves and Samani's (1985) equation was quoted in 3859 studies. Similarly, Priestley (1972) had the most highly cited equation in radiation-based PET equations (about 6379), whereas Ritchie (1972) had the most highly cited RET equations (around 2382) in radiation-based equations. Additionally, among combination-based PET equations, Penman and Monteith's (1948) equations were cited in 9307 research studies, but the, Validerad;2022;Nivå 2;2022-09-08 (sofila)
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- 2022
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16. Complémentarité des images optiques SENTINEL-2 avec les images radar SENTINEL-1 et ALOS-PALSAR-2 pour la cartographie de la couverture végétale : application à une aire protégée et ses environs au Nord-Ouest du Maroc via trois algorithmes d’apprentissage automatique.
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ACHARKI, Siham, primary, FRISON, Pierre Louis, additional, AMHARREF, Mina, additional, KHOJ, Hanna, additional, and BERNOUSSI, Samed, additional
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- 2021
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17. Comparative assessment of empirical and hybrid machine learning models for estimating daily reference evapotranspiration in sub-humid and semi-arid climates
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Acharki, Siham, Raza, Ali, Vishwakarma, Dinesh Kumar, Amharref, Mina, Bernoussi, Abdes Samed, Singh, Sudhir Kumar, Al-Ansari, Nadhir, Dewidar, Ahmed Z., Al-Othman, Ahmed A., and Mattar, Mohamed A.
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- 2025
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18. Modeling and remote sensing contributions in the study of climate change impact on water resources:Application to irrigated perimeters of Loukkos and Gharb (Morocco)
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Acharki, Siham, Acharki, Siham, Géoinformation et Aménagement du Territoire (GAT) (GAT), Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi (UAE), Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Mina Amharref, and Abdes-samed Bernoussi
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Gharb ,Cellular automata ,[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,Water resources ,Télédétection ,Automates cellulaires ,Web2TISat ,2CAFDYM ,Remote sensing ,Random forests ,WebTDClim ,MICE ,Loukkos ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,Impact du changement climatique ,Forêts aléatoires ,Climate change impact ,Ressources en eau - Abstract
In the current context of perceptible climate change, this thesis work mainly aims to assess theimpact of these climate changes on water resources, at the level of irrigated perimeters of Loukkosand Gharb in northern Morocco. These perimeters are characterized by an oceanic-influenced Mediterraneanclimate and present significant agricultural activity. Therefore, the available water resourcesin this study region are used for irrigation to a large extent. To achieve this goal, the methodologyadopted in this research work was based on remote sensing, statistics, and modeling methods and tools.In order to generate and analyse the physical parameters of the study areas (Particulary, DEM andland use), the optical and radar satellite images (with a resolution of 30 m, Aster (2011) and Landsat(1984-1985, 2001-2002, 2015-2016 and 2016-2017) covering both perimeters were subjected to a set ofpre-processing and processing. This treatment process was, moreover, automated in this thesis work usingthe Web2TISat application, thus facilitating the images use in future. Random forest classificationprovided better accuracy with a kappa index exceeding 0.95 and an overall accuracy exceeding 96%.Comparison and spatial overlay of multi-date optical (Landsat, 30 m) images covering both perimetersshowed substantial spatial changes in land use and ground cover at both perimeters over the last 30years with variations from -52.78% to 292.29% over the period 1981 to 2016. The change results showthat, for both perimeters, the areas of agricultural land cover, building & infrastructure, water andforests have increased at expense of bare land and vegetation, which have experienced a dramatic loss.Moving to fine resolution (10m) could improve crop classification at three different levels.The statistical study of climate data from eight meteorological stations over the period rangingfrom 1981 to 2016 allowed us to track the spatial and temporal evolution of some climate indicators(Precipitation, Temperature and Evapotranspiration). These data, however, reveal sometimes gapsand irregularities that hinder their direct analysis. For this purpose, these data sometimes requiredpre-processing using imputation methods (MICE or k-NN). Furthermore, changes or breaks have beendetected in the past in time series of these climate variables and validated by statistical tests. Fortrends, temperature et potential evapotranspiration series showed significant upward trends in all timesteps. While for precipitation series, the trends were non-significant. Projections for the period of2021-2050, predict a temperature increase ranging from 1.7 °C in autumn to 1.9 °C in summer. Aswell as a notable reduction in precipitation reaching 15% in winter and 10% in summer. However, anincrease in precipitation with 10% would be observed in spring in comparison with reference period(1981-2016), which could considerably affect water resources in these perimeters. We have automatedall statistical processing in this work through the WebTDClim application.In addition, the 2CAFDYM cellular automaton model, having as input data the physical parametersof both perimeters, the climatic parameters and by referring to climatic scenarios (reference andprojected: optimistic and pessimistic) was used and by adapting it to study areas specificities (suchas the large surface area: 8708 km2 divided into 9675555 cells). The results of the model show that,on a spatial scale, the water resources availability would be impacted slightly differently depending onthe area. For groundwater, Gharb perimeter would be more affected than of Loukkos perimeter fromNovember to August for the two projected scenarios and the reverse would occur for the months ofSeptember and October. The decrease would reach 15.96% for Gharb and 10.94% for Loukkos. Forsurface water, the results of the simulations indicate, on an annual scale, a decrease ranging from 0.75%to 33.65%, depending on the scenarios and the perimeters. Overall, on a seasonal scale, the simulationsfor 2050 foresee a slight shift of the wettest season of hydrological year and predict a future thatdeserves a model of sustainable water resource management and an adaptation of farming practices., Dans le contexte des changements climatiques perceptibles actuellement, ce travail de thèse viseprincipalement à évaluer l’impact de ces changements climatiques sur les ressources en eau, et ce au niveaudes périmètres irrigués du Loukkos et du Gharb au nord du Maroc. Ces périmètres se caractérisentpar un climat méditerranéen à influence océanique et présentent une importante activité agricole. Lesressources en eau disponibles, dans cette région d’étude, sont par conséquent utilisées en grande partiepour l’irrigation. Pour atteindre cet objectif, la méthodologie adoptée dans ce travail de recherche, s’estappuyée sur des méthodes et des outils de la télédétection, de la statistique et de la modélisation.Afin de générer et d’analyser les paramètres physiques de la région d’étude (notamment le MNTet l’occupation du sol), les images satellitaires optique et radar (ayant une résolution de 30 m, Aster(2011) et Landsat (1984–1985, 2001–2002, 2015–2016 et 2016–2017)) couvrant les deux périmètres ontfait l’objet d’un ensemble de prétraitement et traitement. Ce processus de traitement a été, par ailleurs,automatisé dans ce travail de thèse via l’application Web2TISat facilitant ainsi l’usage des images dansle futur. La classification par la méthode "forêt aléatoire" a donné une meilleure précision avec un indicede kappa supérieur à 0,95 et une précision globale supérieure à 96%. La comparaison et la superpositionspatiale des images Landsat multi-date couvrant les deux périmètres ont permis de faire ressortirqu’il y a eu des changements spatiaux importants d’utilisation et d’occupations des terres au niveaudes deux périmètres durant ces 30 dernières années avec des variations de −52,78% à 292,29% sur lapériode allant de 1981 à 2016. Les résultats de changement montrent que, pour les deux périmètres, lessuperficies de couvertures des terres agricoles, bâtiment et infrastructure, eau et forêts se sont accruesau détriment des terres nues et de la végétation, qui ont connu une perte spectaculaire. Le passage àune résolution fine (10m) pourrait améliorer la classification des cultures à trois niveaux différents.L’étude statistique des données climatiques issues de huit stations météorologiques sur une périodeallant de 1981 à 2016, nous a permis de tracer l’évolution spatio-temporelle de certains indicateurs climatiques(Précipitations, Température et Évapotranspiration). Toutefois, ces données montrent parfoisdes lacunes et des irrégularités qui entravent leur analyse directe. Pour cela, ces données ont nécessitéparfois un prétraitement au préalable par des méthodes d’imputations (MICE ou k-NN). Par ailleurs,des changements ou des ruptures ont été détectés dans le passé au niveau des séries chronologiques deces variables climatiques et validés par des tests statistiques. Pour les tendances, les séries des températureset évapotranspiration potentielle présentaient des tendances significatives à la hausse à tousles pas de temps. Tandis que pour les séries des précipitations, les tendances étaient non significatives.Les projections pour l’horizon 2021-2050, prévoient une élévation de la température allant de 1,7 °C enautomne à 1,9 °C en été. De même qu’une réduction remarquable des précipitations atteignant 15% enhiver et 10% en période d’été. Toutefois, une augmentation des précipitations de 10% s’observerait auprintemps en comparaison à la période de référence (1981-2016), ce qui pourrait affecter considérablementles ressources en eau dans ces périmètres. Nous avons automatisé tous les traitements statistiquesutilisés dans ce travail à travers l’application WebTDClim.Par ailleurs, le modèle d’automate cellulaire 2CAFDYM, ayant comme données d’entrée les paramètresphysiques des deux périmètres, les paramètres climatiques et en faisant références à des scénariosclimatiques (de références et projetés : optimiste et pessimiste) a été utilisé et en l’adaptant aux spécificitésdes régions d’étude (telle que la superficie importante : 8708 km2 répartie en 9675555 cellules).Les résultats du modèle, montrent qu’à l’échelle spatiale, la disponibilité des ressources en eau seraitimpactée de manière légèrement différente selon la zone. Pour les eaux souterraines, le périmètre duGharb serait plus touché que le périmètre du Loukkos du mois de novembre au mois d’août pour lesdeux scénarios projetés et l’inverse se produirait pour les mois de septembre et octobre. La baisse atteindrait15,96% pour le Gharb et 10,94% pour le Loukkos. Pour les eaux de surface, les résultats dessimulations indiquent, à l’échelle annuelle, une diminution allant de 0,75% à 33,65%, selon les scénarioset les périmètres. Globalement, à l’échelle saisonnière les simulations à l’horizon 2050 prévoient unléger décalage de la saison la plus humide de l’année hydrologique et présagent d’un futur qui mériteun modèle de gestion durable des ressources en eau et une adaptation des pratiques culturales.
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- 2020
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19. CARTOGRAPHIE DES CULTURES DANS LE PÉRIMÈTRE DU LOUKKOS (MAROC) : APPORT DE LA TÉLÉDÉTECTION RADAR ET OPTIQUE
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Acharki, Siham, primary, Amharref, Mina, additional, Frison, Pierre-Louis, additional, and Bernoussi, Abdes Samed, additional
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- 2020
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20. Évaluation par approche statistique de l’impact des changements climatiques sur les ressources en eau : application au périmètre du Gharb (Maroc)
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Acharki, Siham, Amharref, Mina, El Halimi, Rachid, Bernoussi, Abdes-Samed, Acharki, Siham, Amharref, Mina, El Halimi, Rachid, and Bernoussi, Abdes-Samed
- Abstract
Afin d’évaluer l’impact des changements climatiques sur les ressources en eau, nous réalisons dans ce travail une analyse statistique spatio-temporelle de certaines variables climatiques du bilan hydrique. En effet, pour comprendre les variations climatiques ayant eu lieu dans le passé, l’analyse statistique doit se faire sur des séries chronologiques de données représentatives aussi bien sur le plan spatial que temporel. Toutefois, ces séries de données présentent souvent des lacunes dans les mesures et des irrégularités qui entravent leur utilisation directe. Pour cela, l’analyse statistique adoptée dans cette étude s’est appuyée sur trois étapes : i) le comblement des données manquantes par deux méthodes d’imputation, à savoir la méthode d’imputation multivariée par des équations enchainées (MICE) et la méthode des k plus proches voisins (k-NN); ii) la détection des changements significatifs ayant eu lieu dans le passé dans les séries chronologiques. Les dates de ces changements sont marquées par des ruptures au niveau de la moyenne des variables climatiques étudiées. Ces ruptures ont été validées par trois tests statistiques (Pettitt, Buishand et homogénéité normale SNH); iii) l’investigation de tendances potentielles dans les données climatiques par les tests statistiques (Sen et Mann-Kendall) ainsi que par une projection future. Comme application, nous avons traité les données climatiques pour les périodes 1974-2016 et 2021-2050 issues de cinq stations météorologiques du périmètre du Gharb situé au nord du Maroc. Les résultats obtenus montrent que la méthode d’imputation de MICE est la plus performante pour toutes les stations. Pour les tendances, les séries de températures, d’évapotranspiration potentielle et du déficit hydrique présentaient des tendances significatives à la hausse sur tous les pas de temps. Tandis que pour les séries de précipitations, les tendances étaient non significatives. Les projections à l’horizon 2021-2050 ont fait ressortir que nous, In order to evaluate the climate change impact on water resources, we carry out in this work, a spatio-temporal statistical analysis of some water balance variables. In order to understand past climate variations, a statistical analysis must be made for representative time series both temporally and spatially. These data sets, however, often have irregularities and gaps in the measurements which hinder their direct use. For this reason, the statistical analysis used in this study was based on three steps: i) filling gaps of missing data using two imputation methods, namely multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE) and the k-nearest neighbour method (k-NN); ii) the detection within time series of significant changes that occurred in the past. Dates of these changes are characterized by breaks at the level of the mean of the studied climate variables. These breaks were confirmed by three statistical tests (Pettitt, Buishand, and Normal Homogeneity SNH); iii) the investigation of potential climate data trends by using statistical tests (Sen and Mann-Kendall) as well as with a projection technique for the future. As an application, we processed climate data from five weather stations in the Gharb perimeter, located in northern Morocco, for the periods 1974-2016 and 2021-2050. The results obtained showed that MICE imputation is the most efficient for all stations. For trends, while the series of temperatures, potential evapotranspiration, and water deficit showed significant upward trends over all time steps, the trends were non-significant for the precipitation series. The projections for 2021-2050 showed that we could witness a slight shift in the wettest season of the year and that the effect of warming would be greater from west to east in the Gharb perimeter due to the effect of continentality.
- Published
- 2019
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