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The objective of this study is to present an uncommon case of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) with an impacted maxillary canine, initially mimicking a follicular cyst. AOT is a rare odontogenic tumor, accounting for approximately 1% to 9% of all odontogenic tumors. It primarily occurs in the maxilla and is often associated with an unerupted permanent tooth. Follicular cysts, also known as dentigerous cysts, are benign odontogenic cysts that encase the crown of an unerupted or impacted tooth. We describe a case of AOT occurring in a 14-year-old male. Both the follicular cyst and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) can exhibit similar clinical and radiographic presentations. It is crucial to accurately differentiate between the two to ensure appropriate treatment and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to present an uncommon case of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) with an impacted maxillary canine, initially mimicking a follicular cyst. AOT is a rare odontogenic tumor, accounting for approximately 1% to 9% of all odontogenic tumors. It primarily occurs in the maxilla and is often associated with an unerupted permanent tooth. Follicular cysts, also known as dentigerous cysts, are benign odontogenic cysts that encase the crown of an unerupted or impacted tooth. We describe a case of AOT occurring in a 14-year-old male. Both the follicular cyst and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) can exhibit similar clinical and radiographic presentations. It is crucial to accurately differentiate between the two to ensure appropriate treatment and prognosis.

Myotonic dystrophy, also referred myotonic muscular dystrophy, is an autosomal dominant, slowly progressive, multisystem disease characterized by skeletal muscle weakness, wasting, and myotonia. A hybrid tumor of odontogenic apparatus is a lesion showing combined histopathological characteristics of two or more previously recognized odontogenic tumors and/or cysts of different categories. We, therefore, report a case of hybrid tumor (adenomatoid odontogenic tumor associated with calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor) in a myotonic dystrophic patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Odontogenic tumors encompass a heterogeneous group of lesions that range from hamartomatous lesions to malignancy. Considerable variation in histologic presentation can mislead their accurate diagnosis and categorization. Ameloblastoma is generally well understood and is easy to diagnose but there has been a constant change in the classification systems ever since Broca classified odontogenic tumors in the year 1867. Over the years, it has been modified by the World Health Organization with many additions and omissions. This dynamic change is based on the result and conclusions of molecular and genetic studies with the last modification in 2017. Case Report: We present two cases of females aged 32 and 60 years who reported with facial swellings, revealed the presence of distinct histopathological findings and were diagnosed as ameloblastoma with dentinoid or adenoid ameloblastoma. Literature search revealed dearth of distinct forms of ameloblastoma that show the formation of duct like structures and dentinoid. Conclusion: It is interesting to highlight such cases as the biological behavior is still unexplored due to paucity of relevant studies and follow up of patients. Understanding the pathogenesis and the histopathological characteristics of the newer entities will enable the prompt diagnosis, treatment plan and expanding the spectrum of the lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adenoid ameloblastoma (AdAM) is a frequently recurrent tumor that shows hybrid histological features of both ameloblastoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT). AdAM is expected to be classified as a new subtype of ameloblastoma in the next revision of the World Health Organization (WHO) odontogenic tumor classification. However, whether AdAM is a histologic variant of ameloblastoma or AOT remains unclear. To establish a new category, genetic evidence indicating the tumor category is necessary. Methods: We present a case of a 23-year-old Japanese woman with AdAM who underwent genetic/DNA analysis for ameloblastoma-related mutation using immunohistochemical staining, Sanger sequencing, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) analyses with reliable clinicopathological evidence. Results: Immunohistochemical expression of BRAF p.V600E was diffusely positive for both ameloblastoma- and AOT-like components. Sanger sequencing and NGS analyses showed missense mutations in BRAF p.V600E (c.1799T > A), a gene that is commonly altered in ameloblastomas but not in KRAS, another gene associated with AOT. Conclusion: This case report is the first to provide genetic evidence on the ameloblastomatous origin of AdAM with a BRAF p.V600E mutation. A larger series of AdAM groups' molecular testing is needed to aptly classify them and prognosticate the best treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The process of odontogenesis is complex involving epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, along with the molecular signalling pathways triggering the initiating process. The triggering factors and cells precisely involved in the pathogenesis of odontogenic cysts and tumors are unknown. There is a vast array of biomarkers used to stain different sites, thereby helpful in diagnosing and evaluating the prognosis of these cysts and tumors. In the following study, Anti Apoptotic survivin expression patterns were assessed quantitatively in 48 samples (12 each) of Reduced Enamel Epithelium, Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor, Odontogenic Keratocyst and Ameloblastoma. Aim: The Aim of this study is to assess the anti-apoptotic survivin expression in Reduced Enamel Epithelium, Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour, Odontogenic Keratocyst and Ameloblastoma. Materials and Methods: The present study is carried out with 12 samples in each group. Routine hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed for confirmatory diagnosis. Later Immunohistochemistry was performed using survivin antibody. Survivin protein expression was analyzed using the parameters like location, intensity, percentage of cells positivity with survivin protein and extent of staining. With the help of Olympus BX 43 microscope, with ProgRes microscope camera, the 48 slides obtained were examined. The region of interest was selected in each slide and number of cells positively stained was counted. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 23. Descriptive for scale data, results were analysed by using ANOVA with Chi-square test for intergroup comparison. Results: The results showed significant P value <0.05. Expression of survivin was highest in Ameloblastoma, followed by Odontogenic keratocyst, Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, and Reduced Enamel Epithelium. Conclusion: Survivin was involved in the inhibition of apoptosis as well as the detailed understanding of the biological behaviour of odontogenic cysts and tumours, thereby increasing therapeutic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a benign slow-growing, asymptomatic epithelial odontogenic neoplasm. This lesion has been known for its varied clinical and histoarchitectural patterns. Most AOTs occur intra-osseously in the anterior maxilla associated with the unerupted tooth. Clinically, AOT is sometimes misdiagnosed as an odontogenic cyst. Although enucleation and curettage for AOT is the most common treatment modality, accurate histopathological diagnosis is essential to avoid unnecessary extensive surgery. Here, we present a rare challenging case of an extrafollicular cystic adenomatoid odontogenic tumor occurring in the body of the mandible in a 23-year-old female patient, which was diagnosed clinically and radiographically as glandular odontogenic cyst. The diagnosis of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor was confirmed through histopathological examination.

Background: The occurrence of hybrid odontogenic lesions with two or more morphologically distinct components is a rare phenomenon and poses a diagnostic challenge. We aimed to study the clinical, radiological, and pathological features and behavior of hybrid odontogenic lesions, to enhance awareness about these rare lesions. Method: Hematoxylin and Eosin slides of hybrid odontogenic lesions diagnosed between January 01, 2012 and December 31, 2020, were reviewed. Demographic and radiological information were obtained from the patient's medical records. Results: 8 cases were diagnosed with a mean age of 19.1 years and male to female ratio of 1:1.7. Involvement of mandible was more common (n = 5) as compared to maxilla (n = 3). All patients presented with swelling for an average of 9.75 months (3–25 months) duration. Bleeding, loose teeth, pain and facial asymmetry were reported in 5,3, 3, and 2 cases, respectively. Radiologically, 7 cases were well demarcated, 75% cases (n = 6) were radiolucent, and average radiological size was 4.8 cm. All patients were managed with surgery alone. 5 cases (62.5%) underwent enucleation and curettage, while local excision, en-block resection and segmental mandibulectomy were performed in 1 case each. Histologically, ossifying fibroma/cemento-ossifyiong fibroma were the most lesion, occurring in 5 cases (62%), followed by giant cell granuloma like lesions (GCG) i.e., central and peripheral giant cell granuloma (n = 3), Adenomatoid Odontogenic tumor (AOT) (n = 2), and DC (n = 2), ameloblastic fibroma (AF) (n = 1), Ameloblastoma (n = 1), calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) (n = 1), and complex odontoma (n = 1). No evidence of recurrence was noted after 4–99 months of surgery (mean: 32.9) in cases with available data (n = 7). Long-term complaints included facial asymmetry (n = 2) and pain (n = 1). Conclusion: Most hybrid odontogenic lesions affect young females in the second decade of life and commonly show COF and OF as hybrid components. A conservative approach to management appears adequate.

The odontogenic tissue surrounding an impacted tooth is a harbinger of a wide variety of odontogenic cysts and tumors. As these hamartomatous and neoplastic aberrations can occur at any stage of odontogenesis, therefore combined features of odontogenic tumors with epithelial and mesenchymal components can develop within the odontogenic cysts. One of the odontogenic cysts is the dentigerous cyst (DC) which is not only the most common developmental odontogenic cyst arising from the pericoronal tissue but is of great clinical significance owing to its neoplastic potential and association with other rare odontogenic tumors. We herein describe an unusual case of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor which developed secondary to a DC in a 22-year-old female and created a diagnostic conundrum. The approach to such a case, differential diagnosis, and review of the literature is also presented.

An adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is an uncommon benign tumor of the oral cavity commonly found in the maxillary anterior region and is associated with impacted canines in young females. It rarely occurs in the mandibular region with no impacted or missing teeth. A 21-year-old female reported to the clinic with swelling on the right side of the face for the past six months with no history of pain. Radiographic features such as unilocular radiolucency with thinning of the cortical borders and considerable buccal cortical expansion, as well as some evidence of radiopaque specks were noted. Histopathological examination revealed cells with hyperchromatic nuclei, rosette-like structures with focal areas of calcified mass, and concentric rings resembling Liesegang rings, suggestive of AOT. The tumor was treated surgically by enucleation and cauterization. Although follicular type is a common variant, the tumor presented in this case was of extrafollicular type noted in the mandibular canine and premolar regions of a young female patient with no related impacted tooth.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a benign slow-growing, asymptomatic epithelial odontogenic neoplasm. This lesion has been known for its varied clinical and histoarchitectural patterns. Most AOTs occur intra-osseously in the anterior maxilla associated with the unerupted tooth. Clinically, AOT is sometimes misdiagnosed as an odontogenic cyst. Although enucleation and curettage for AOT is the most common treatment modality, accurate histopathological diagnosis is essential to avoid unnecessary extensive surgery. Here, we present a rare challenging case of an extrafollicular cystic adenomatoid odontogenic tumor occurring in the body of the mandible in a 23-year-old female patient, which was diagnosed clinically and radiographically as glandular odontogenic cyst. The diagnosis of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor was confirmed through histopathological examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to report two distinct cases of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) with contrasting presentations. The first case involved a 12-year-old female patient with the presence of AOT in the posterior mandible extending into the mandibular ramus up till the coronoid process which is a rare reported site for AOT and the second case is of a 19-year-old male patient with the tumor in the anterior maxilla with an impacted central incisor. Both cases were successfully managed via surgical enucleation and are under regular follow-ups without any complication. The contrasting nature of the two clinical presentations with the same pathologic entity is reported here. Though AOT has been rarely reported extending into the mandibular ramus, a maxillofacial surgeon should be more circumspect of this pathology while dealing with benign swellings of the mandibular posterior region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aimed to collectively present the demographic, clinical, radiographic and histopathological features as well as the treatment performed along with its outcome for all the cases of adenoid ameloblastoma with dentinoid (AAD) reported in scientific literature till date. Ameloblastoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumours are the most common odontogenic neoplasms. However, AAD, a hybrid variant of the two lesions, is found to be extremely rare. The lesion comprises of characteristic histopathological features of ameloblastoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumour and shares certain clinical characteristics with either of the entities. AAD may be considered to be present at the more aggressive end of spectrum of benign odontogenic neoplasms. Owing to the frequent tendency of the lesions to be underdiagnosed, careful histopathological screening of submitted biopsies is warranted. With the increase in number of reported cases in the recent years, it is likely to be included as a separate entity in the upcoming World Health Organization classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is an infrequent odontogenic tumor that typically occurs in adolescent females, usually in the anterior maxilla. There is a controversy about it being a tumor or a hamartoma. It presents clinically as a slowly progressive entity that shows a good prognosis with conservative surgical management. It shows three clinicopathological types: follicular, extrafollicular, and peripheral. This article describes a follicular variety of AOT. An 18-year-old female presented with diffuse intraoral swelling in the maxillary anterior region. An intraoral periapical radiograph (IOPA) revealed a single large pericoronal radiolucency related to the impacted right maxillary lateral incisor. Histopathological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis, and the tumor was treated surgically by enucleation., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Dangore-Khasbage et al.)

There are rarely hybrid neoplasms composed of two or more distinct histological types; a hybrid odontogenic tumor with a combination of the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is present, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) and calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC), located in the anterior mandible region from a 15-year-old male patient causing mild mobility of anterior mandible incisors with the labial and lingual expansion of the mandible cortical plates and obvious facial asymmetry. The tumor was surgically removed through an en-bloc resection approach. Microscopic examination revealed an atypical hybrid odontogenic tumor, with features of the three entities previously mentioned. Several cases of hybrid neoplasms have been reported in the literature. However, there is no evidence about the incidence of a hybrid odontogenic tumor with histologic features of CEOT combined with two other entities. In combination with COC, this is a unique presentation of a hybrid tumor not previously documented.

Background: Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is an uncommon odontogenic tumor that originates Tom odontogenic epithelium. It is predominantly found in young women, particularly in the maxilla in association with an unerupted permanent tooth. Case description: This is a case report of an AOT in a 60-year-old male with an asymptomatic mandibular lesion that radiographically presented as a mixed lesion. Conclusions: Enucleation was performed and the defect was treated with bone grafting and platelet-rich librin with no recurrence at follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present two cases of AOT, the first case concerns a 23‐year‐old patient with an AOT located in the maxilla and the second case involves a 37‐year‐old patient presenting an AOT with mandibular localization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The odontogenic tissue surrounding an impacted tooth is a harbinger of a wide variety of odontogenic cysts and tumors. As these hamartomatous and neoplastic aberrations can occur at any stage of odontogenesis, therefore combined features of odontogenic tumors with epithelial and mesenchymal components can develop within the odontogenic cysts. One of the odontogenic cysts is the dentigerous cyst (DC) which is not only the most common developmental odontogenic cyst arising from the pericoronal tissue but is of great clinical significance owing to its neoplastic potential and association with other rare odontogenic tumors. We herein describe an unusual case of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor which developed secondary to a DC in a 22-year-old female and created a diagnostic conundrum. The approach to such a case, differential diagnosis, and review of the literature is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We present two cases of AOT, the first case concerns a 23‐year‐old patient with an AOT located in the maxilla and the second case involves a 37‐year‐old patient presenting an AOT with mandibular localization.

Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor (AOT) is a benign, non-invasive tumor with slow but progressive growth, mainly affecting younger patients, predominantly females. It is more often located in maxilla, involving an unerupted or erupted tooth, mostly canine. There are three variants, namely follicular, extra-follicular and peripheral. Permanent cuspids account for 60% of all follicular and 89% of all extra-follicular AOT. This article discusses a unique case of extra-follicular AOT in 9 year old male patient associated with partially erupted maxillary central incisor.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is benign tumor of the oral cavity characterized by its slow growth accounting to 3%–7% of the odontogenic tumors. AOTs mostly occur in the maxillary anterior region and most often than not associated with impacted anterior teeth. It affects the younger age group, especially below 20 years and is commonly seen in females. It occurs as two main variants – (a) central/intraosseous which is more common and (b) peripheral which is rare. The location of the lesion, its association with the impacted tooth, is the basis for the classification of AOT. The intraosseous type may be related to unerupted tooth (follicular variant) or may not be related to unerupted tooth (extra-follicular variant). Radiologically, AOT presents predominantly as a unilocular cystic lesion enclosing the unerupted tooth. The lesion presents rarely with a cystic component. Radiopacities on the intraoral periapical radiograph are seen as discrete foci having a flocculent pattern within radiolucency even with the presence of minimal calcified deposits. AOT being benign in nature is enucleated with least chances of recurrence. Here, we present a rare case of extra-follicular variant of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor in a 19-year-old female patient.

Purpose: To perform a comprehensive and systematic critical appraisal of the genetic alterations reported to be present in adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) compared to ameloblastoma (AM), to aid in the understanding in their development and different behavior.Methods: An electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science during March 2021. Eligibility criteria included publications on humans which included genetic analysis of AOT or AM.Results: A total of 43 articles reporting 59 AOTs and 680 AMs were included. Different genomic techniques were used, including whole-exome sequencing, direct sequencing, targeted next-generation sequencing panels and TaqMan allele-specific qPCR. Somatic mutations affecting KRAS were identified in 75.9% of all AOTs, mainly G12V; whereas a 71% of the AMs harbored BRAF mutations, mainly V600E.Conclusions: The available genetic data reports that AOTs and AM harbor somatic mutations in well-known oncogenes, being KRAS G12V/R and BRAFV600E mutations the most common, respectively. The relatively high frequency of ameloblastoma compared to other odontogenic tumors, such as AOT, has facilitated the performance of different sequencing techniques, allowing the discovery of different mutational signatures. On the contrary, the low frequency of AOTs is an important limitation for this. The number of studies that have a assessed the genetic landscape of AOT is still very limited, not providing enough evidence to draw a conclusion regarding the relationship between the genomic alterations and its clinical behavior. Thus, the presence of other mutational signatures with clinical impact, co-occurring with background KRAS mutations or in wild-type KRAS cases, cannot be ruled out. Since BRAF and RAS are in the same MAPK pathway, it is interesting that ameloblastomas, frequently associated with BRAFV600E mutation have aggressive clinical behavior, but in contrast, AOTs, frequently associated with RAS mutations have indolent behavior. Functional studies might be required to solve this question.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a rare, asymptomatic, slow-growing benign tumor that can be divided into three variants: follicular, extrafollicular, and peripheral. By treating AOT using an enucleation and curettage approach, recurrence can be avoided. We report a case of a 24-year-old female who presented with a lump in the right mandibular premolar area along with diastema between displaced teeth #43 and #44 and was diagnosed with extrafollicular AOT. The patient was managed with enucleation-curettage surgery without additional bone graft procedure along with routine follow-up. A successful outcome without recurrence was achieved, and diastema closure with repositioning of the displaced teeth did not require orthodontic treatment. AOT should be managed via enucleation and curettage to obtain successful outcomes without recurrence. Spontaneous bone regeneration following enucleation can be achieved without guided bone regeneration. Also, diastema closure and repositioning of displaced teeth can occur without orthodontic interventions through physiologic drift.

Abstract Background Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor constitutes an uncommon benign odontogenic tumor which is well-known as “two-thirds tumor” (two-thirds of adenomatoid tumors occur in the maxilla, two-thirds occur in young females, two-thirds of the cases are associated with un-erupted teeth and two-thirds of the affected teeth are canines). Larger part of these present as intra - osseous tumors while peripheral counterparts are extremely rare. Peripheral adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is a unique entity which generally presents as a slow growing gingival swelling with minimal bone involvement. This often leads to its erroneous diagnosis as a simple gingival lesion and the real diagnosis is only revealed after its microscopic evaluation. It exhibits a marked predilection for maxillary gingiva of incisor region and most commonly affects the younger females. Case presentation We report a case of 25 years old female patient of African ethnicity who presented with a 2 × 2 cm mass attached to the left mandibular gingiva in cuspid- bicuspid region which is an unusual site for AOT. It was accompanied by slight bone loss. With the differential diagnosis of gingival epulis and peripheral ossifying fibroma; surgical excision was performed. The light microscopic examination of the specimen aided the final diagnosis of Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor with the histopathological features identical to its intra osseous counterpart. Conclusion In this case, the tumor is present on the mandibular gingiva in a 25 years old patient which is an atypical location and age for this tumor; also, the only individual case reported in an African patient. Only, a meager number of peripheral adenomatoid odontogenic tumor cases have been logged so far with majority of them occurring in maxillary gingiva. Furthermore, an ambiguity still prevails regarding its true origin and possible biological course. Hence, reporting of similar cases should be encouraged to facilitate the better understanding of its varied epidemiological details and clinical presentation.

An impacted tooth is the one which fails to erupt into its anatomic position due to various factors such as malposition, lack of space, or other impediments. The prevalence of impacted tooth varies with geographic locations and has been estimated to be between 8% and 38%. An impacted tooth can be a nidus for dental caries, infection, destruction of adjacent teeth, periodontal disease, and even oral and maxillofacial cysts or tumors. Therefore, careful evaluation of the history and the clinical and radiographic findings and knowledge about the various maxillofacial cysts and tumors help a clinician to arrive at early diagnosis and render proper treatment to a patient. The recent advancements made in the field of radiology, especially the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), is a boon to dentistry. The three-dimensional imaging has made CBCT the preferential imaging modality for the evaluation of unerupted/impacted or supernumerary teeth and also in the evaluation of odontogenic and nonodontogenic cysts/tumors of the jaws. The varied radiographic appearances of cysts/tumors in the maxillofacial region help in precise differentiation of the pathology and prompt the clinicians to arrive at an accurate early diagnosis. This article discusses three case reports of maxillofacial cysts/tumors associated with an impacted tooth where radiology plays an important role in the diagnosis of the lesions.

Adenamatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is an odontogenic tumor with a prevalence of 2.2–7.1%. AOT is a benign, noninvasive, and progressive lesion which is also known as “a two third tumor.” As the name suggests the tumor occurs in the maxilla in two third of cases. It occurs in young patients in two third of cases and associated with missing or unerupted teeth in two third of cases. Two third cases are associated with the maxillary canine. Characterized by slow growing, gradually enlarging, painless swelling associated with missing teeth. We report a case of a male patient of age 22 years, with characteristic findings. AOT resembles different odontogenic cysts and tumors which may include dentigerous cyst, globulomaxillary cyst, ameloblastoma, and other entities, hence must be well differentiated. Conservative surgical enucleation is the treatment of choice. Recurrence rate for AOT is 0.2%. Prognosis is excellent when completely removed in toto.

Hybrid odontogenic tumors are sporadic, where the distinctive areas of more than one odontogenic tumor tissue type have been reported. The occurrence of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) with calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) like areas histologically simulating salivary gland pathology is an unusual finding that has not been previously reported in the literature. We report the case of a 32-year-old female presenting with slow-growing firm swelling, radiographically as a pear-shaped radiolucent lesion in the interdental region of maxillary incisors. Histologically, the tissue showed nests and anastomosing strands of the bland cuboidal to squamoid epithelial cells showing nuclear pleomorphism, hyperchromatism, and abundant cytoplasm with prominent intercellular bridges focally. Multiple basophilic calcifications, amyloid-like material, duct-like formation, and mucinous spillage are seen. Tumor cells showed immunopositivity for CK 7, CK 19, CK 8/18 and low Ki67, p63, and immunonegativity for S100 suggesting of a hybrid lesion of CEOT with AOT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ameloblastoma is one of the most common types of oral odontogenic tumors. As per literature, ameloblastoma mostly occurs in the mandible butthe maxillary ameloblastoma has a more aggressive behavior due to anatomical features. Also, unicystic ameloblastoma may have lower recurrent rate. In this case report, we present a 60-year-old male patient with a history of unicystic ameloblastoma, which the intraluminal adenomatoid odontogenic tumor excisional biopsy surgery was performed but the patient didn’t follow the treatment completely, and after two years he came back with swelling of the right upper alveolar ridge. After the second surgery, the histopathologic report revealed a mixed plexiform-follicular ameloblastoma recurrence and it seemedthat previous surgery was not sufficient and more radical treatment is needed for the lesion. Keywords: Ameloblastoma; Maxilla; Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is a non-aggressive slow growing epithelial odontogenic tumor with varied clinical and microscopic features. This neoplasm rarely appears as a completely cystic lesion histopathologically; therefore, oral pathologists should be aware of the various histopathologic types of this lesion. The main objective of this case report is to present a rare challenging case of maxillary extrafollicular cystic adenomatoid odontogenic tumor affecting a 28-year-old male.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a rare noninvasive benign tumor of the jaw that originates in the second decade of the life from the odontogenic epithelium without mesenchyme. Radiological examination is an essential component for the diagnosis of benign tumors, the radiographic modality used to acquire the image was speculated to have an effect on the perception of radiopacities, particularly for the cases with minimal intralesional calcifications. Therefore, the capability of radiographic modality in detecting the intralesional calcification was critical for diagnosis of AOT. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides precise imaging of bony structures with minimal calcification without superimposition and distortion. In this case report, we are reporting a case of AOT of maxilla with characteristic CBCT appearance of AOT of maxilla.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is benign tumor of the oral cavity characterized by its slow growth accounting to 3%–7% of the odontogenic tumors. AOTs mostly occur in the maxillary anterior region and most often than not associated with impacted anterior teeth. It affects the younger age group, especially below 20 years and is commonly seen in females. It occurs as two main variants – (a) central/intraosseous which is more common and (b) peripheral which is rare. The location of the lesion, its association with the impacted tooth, is the basis for the classification of AOT. The intraosseous type may be related to unerupted tooth (follicular variant) or may not be related to unerupted tooth (extra-follicular variant). Radiologically, AOT presents predominantly as a unilocular cystic lesion enclosing the unerupted tooth. The lesion presents rarely with a cystic component. Radiopacities on the intraoral periapical radiograph are seen as discrete foci having a flocculent pattern within radiolucency even with the presence of minimal calcified deposits. AOT being benign in nature is enucleated with least chances of recurrence. Here, we present a rare case of extra-follicular variant of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor in a 19-year-old female patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a relatively rare, benign, hamartomatous, and cystic odontogenic neoplasm that was first described more than a century ago. It accounts for 2-7% of all odontogenic tumors. The lesion still continues to intrigue experts with its varied histomorphology and controversies regarding its development. The present article describes a case of cystic AOT with an unusual histomorphology associated with an impacted 43 in a 15-year-old male. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Claudins are integral to the structure and function of tight junctions. Altered claudin expression has been shown to affect disease behavior and patient prognosis in various neoplasms. The objectives of this study were to analyze the claudin-1, -4 and -7 expression in odontogenic tumors and characterize their expression pattern in distinct tumor cell types in relation to the recurrence potential. Sixty-nine cases of odontogenic tumors, including 43 ameloblastomas (AM), 17 adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOT), 6 ameloblastic fibromas (AF) and 3 ameloblastic carcinomas (AC) were investigated for claudin-1, -4 and -7 expression immunohistochemically. The staining was analyzed semi-quantitatively and categorized into 4 levels, based on the percentage of positively stained neoplastic epithelial cells. Claudin-1 was expressed in all AOT and AF cases, whereas most AC (66.7%) showed no expression. The claudin-1 staining was moderate-to-intense in the odontogenic epithelium of AF. In contrast, its staining of ameloblast-like cells and stellate reticulum-like cells in AM was weak. Claudin-7 expression was noted in all tumor types studied, while the expression of claudin-4 was limited and mainly localized in the squamous differentiated cells of AM and AC. AM showed significantly higher claudin-4, but lower claudin-7 expression than AOT. In addition, AC showed diminished claudin-1 immunoreactivity, compared to AOT. Low claudin-1 expression in AM was significantly associated with the increased clinical recurrence. The loss of claudin-1 may underlie the locally invasive nature of AM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two cases reports of adolescents from both sexes are described, they presented edemas in the left side of the maxillary with dental reabsorption and in the anterior portion of the maxillary, respectively. The histopathology revealed an intraosseous folicular variety of the adenomatoid odontogenic tumor. The surgical treatment used was an enucleation with satisfactory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor (AOT) is a benign, non-invasive tumor with slow but progressive growth, mainly affecting younger patients, predominantly females. It is more often located in maxilla, involving an unerupted or erupted tooth, mostly canine. There are three variants, namely follicular, extra-follicular and peripheral. Permanent cuspids account for 60% of all follicular and 89% of all extra-follicular AOT. This article discusses a unique case of extra-follicular AOT in 9 year old male patient associated with partially erupted maxillary central incisor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumor which presents with a variety of histopathological patterns. Among all, papilliferous keratoameloblastoma (PKA) is a very rare type which is characterized by multiple epithelial cysts of varying size, which are lined by non-keratinized papilliferous epithelium which is filled with necrotic desquamated epithelial cells. In this study, we reported PKA with characteristic ameloblastic features in a 65-year-old male patient who presented with a swelling in the right mandibular body region. This is the seventh case of PKA to be reported in the English literature till date. Present case showed multicystic areas in incision biopsy which lead to misdiagnosis as calcifying odontogenic cyst with adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, but in excision biopsy which turned out to be papilliferous keratoameloblastoma, further in this paper we had discussed all the areas which lead to misdiagnosis of calcifying odontogenic cyst with adenomatoid odontogenic tumor. In outlook, more cases will put an insight to the behavioral aspects of this rare histological type of ameloblastoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited statistically and clinically significant studies have been down on connective tissue factors in the odontogenic tumors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the biological behavior of two selected epithelial odontogenic tumors (Ameloblastoma and Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor) by detecting CD34, VEGFR3 and eosinophil densities. In this cross-sectional study, paraffin blocks including 20 cases of ameloblastoma and 20 (AOT), were selected. Totally, 4 sections were prepared for hematoxylin-eosin, Congo red staining, immunohistochemistry with CD34 and VEGFR3. Expression of VEGFR3, CD34 and lymphatic, blood vessels and eosinophil densities was examined. The mean of blood, lymphatic vessels and eosinophils densities in ameloblastoma were 14.9 ± 6.4, 4.4 ± 2 and 3.2 ± 2.7, respectively; and in AOT, they were 8.9 ± 3.4, 3.6 ± 1.3 and 1.2 ± 07, respectively. There was a significant difference in eosinophils and blood vessels densities between the two lesions (p = 0.005; p = 0.003). By increasing the density of eosinophils, the density of the blood vessels increased in both lesions (r = 0.539, P = 0.001) There was no positive relationship between eosinophils and lymphatic vessels densities in the two above mentioned odontogenic lesions (p = 0.288, R = 0.191) It can be suggested that tumor angiogenesis and eosinophil densities may play a more effective role than lymphangiogenesis in local invasive behavior of ameloblastoma rather than AOT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Odontogenic tumors are a group of heterogeneous lesions. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a benign, hamartomatous, slow-growing lesion, which is usually located in the anterior maxilla and is more prevalent in females. Although the follicular type is more frequently described in literature, here we report a case of extrafollicular type of AOT in the maxillary anterior region in a 16-year-old female.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is an uncommon odontogenic lesion with a predilection for adolescent females and anterior maxilla. There is a controversy about it being a tumor or hamartoma. It appears in three clinicopathological variants – follicular, extrafollicular, and peripheral. Here, we report three cases of intraosseous adenomatoid odontogenic tumor.

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is a benign, slow-growing lesion and it is considered the fourth most common odontogenic tumor. AOT affects more frequently the young subjects with a predilection for the second and third decades of life. We present here the case of a 36-year-old man affected by large extrafollicular AOT which caused roots resorption of multiple teeth. The lesion involved the entire right maxillary bone and extended into the right maxillary sinus up to the orbital floor and the nasal cavity. Intra-oral surgical excision of the AOT and functional endoscopic sinus surgery led to complete clinical healing in absence of local recurrences.

Odontogenic tumors are rare entities, often derived from the epithelial remnants in the gnathic bones following odontogenesis. This brief manuscript will seek to address recent developments pertaining to odontogenic tumors as well as particularly uncommon odontogenic tumors and the difficulties in their diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenamatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) is an odontogenic tumor with a prevalence of 2.2–7.1%. AOT is a benign, noninvasive, and progressive lesion which is also known as "a two third tumor." As the name suggests the tumor occurs in the maxilla in two third of cases. It occurs in young patients in two third of cases and associated with missing or unerupted teeth in two third of cases. Two third cases are associated with the maxillary canine. Characterized by slow growing, gradually enlarging, painless swelling associated with missing teeth. We report a case of a male patient of age 22 years, with characteristic findings. AOT resembles different odontogenic cysts and tumors which may include dentigerous cyst, globulomaxillary cyst, ameloblastoma, and other entities, hence must be well differentiated. Conservative surgical enucleation is the treatment of choice. Recurrence rate for AOT is 0.2%. Prognosis is excellent when completely removed in toto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An impacted tooth is the one which fails to erupt into its anatomic position due to various factors such as malposition, lack of space, or other impediments. The prevalence of impacted tooth varies with geographic locations and has been estimated to be between 8% and 38%. An impacted tooth can be a nidus for dental caries, infection, destruction of adjacent teeth, periodontal disease, and even oral and maxillofacial cysts or tumors. Therefore, careful evaluation of the history and the clinical and radiographic findings and knowledge about the various maxillofacial cysts and tumors help a clinician to arrive at early diagnosis and render proper treatment to a patient. The recent advancements made in the field of radiology, especially the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), is a boon to dentistry. The three-dimensional imaging has made CBCT the preferential imaging modality for the evaluation of unerupted/impacted or supernumerary teeth and also in the evaluation of odontogenic and nonodontogenic cysts/tumors of the jaws. The varied radiographic appearances of cysts/tumors in the maxillofacial region help in precise differentiation of the pathology and prompt the clinicians to arrive at an accurate early diagnosis. This article discusses three case reports of maxillofacial cysts/tumors associated with an impacted tooth where radiology plays an important role in the diagnosis of the lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour (AOT) is a rare benign odontogenic tumour characterized by a progressively slow growing pattern and symptomless behavior. The differential diagnosis between AOT and other odontogenic tumours, such as ameloblastoma, should be well conducted in order to avoid extensive ablative surgery. The present case report is of a 27 year old female who reported with a chief complaint of mild intermittent pain and a swelling which was gradually increasing in size, on the left mid-facial region since 6 months. Radiographic Investigations revealed a round uni-locular radiolucent image of an intra-osseous lesion with a well defined border in the left maxilla. The tumor was encapsulated and was attached with 2 impacted supernumerary teeth which were fused and shaped as maxillary premolars. The images also showed multiple impacted supernumerary teeth in the maxilla and mandible. The clinical and radiographic diagnostic hypothesis of Adenomatoid odontogenic cyst and a differential diagnosis of Dentigerous Cyst was given. Surgical enucleation of the lesion was done under General Anaethesia. The histological sections were consistent with AOT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP), or “Günther disease,” is a rare variant of porphyria. It is an autosomal recessive disease caused by deficient uroporphyrinogen III synthase (URO-III-synthase), the fourth enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway. We report a case of a young female with the typical clinical presentations of cutaneous photosensitivity characterized by hyper- and hypo-pigmentations, blister formations and scarring of light-exposed skin, mutilation of the toe fingers, dark-purple urine and erythrodontia with pinkish fluorescence under a Wood's lamp. The diagnosis was confirmed by decreased activity of URO-III-synthase in red blood cells and a porphyrin profile compatible with CEP. Presence of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor associated with impacted mandibular right canine was also noted.