Search

Aim: The reconstruction of microtia cases is a challenging topic and Auricular reconstruction is a unique area of facial plastic surgery where a wide array of reconstructive options often must be considered. The goal is to assess the use of three-dimensional (3D) printing to create a 3D model for use during reconstruction to achieve better aesthetic results.Patients and methods: This study included ten patients with microtia. Two stages of ear reconstruction, the authors used a 3D printed auricular model of the contralateral ear as an intraoperative guide. The Mansoura ear reconstruction scale was conceptualized and used by the authors to assess the final aesthetic outcomes. Results: In total there were 10 patients with 11 affected auricles. Results were 6 patients with an excellent result, 3 patients with a very good result and one patient with a fair result according to Mansoura ear reconstruction scale.Conclusions: To conclude, the use of a 3D printed auricular model specific to each patient for microtia reconstruction led to excellent results and patient satisfaction after reconstruction. The use of 3D printed models for microtia reconstruction resulted in an overall increase in aesthetic outcomes and increased patient satisfaction.Keywords: Auricular model - Costal cartilage - 3D printing - Ear reconstruction- Microtia -Tissue expander.

Acute liver injury secondary to sepsis is a major challenge in intensive care unit. This study was designed to investigate potential protective effects of pomegranate against sepsis-induced acute liver injury in rats and possible underlying mechanisms. Pomegranate was orally given (800mg/kg/day) for two weeks before sepsis induction by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Pomegranate improved survival and attenuated liver inflammatory response, likely related to downregulation of mRNA expression of toll like recptor-4, reduced nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of proinflammatory transcription factor NF-κB subunit p65, decreased mRNA and protein expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and reduction in myeloperoxidase activity and mRNA expression. Pomegranate also decreased CLP-induced oxidative stress as reflected by decreased malondialdehyde content, and increased reduced glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity. These results confirm the antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects of pomegranate in CLP-induced acute liver injury mediated through inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway, lipid peroxidation and neutrophil infiltration.

Objectives To compare the haemorrhagic and vascular complications between paediatric and adult renal transplant recipients with a long-term follow-up. Patients and methods Between March 1976 and December 2006, in all, 1865 live-donor renal transplants were carried out. Patients were stratified according to their ages into two groups; paediatric (⩽18 years; 259) and adult (>18 years; 1606). Variables assessed included incidence, risk factors, management and sequelae of vascular and haemorrhagic complications. The effect of these complications on patient and graft survival was compared. Results Haemorrhage requiring active intervention (percutaneous drainage or surgical exploration) was reported in seven children (2.7%) and 29 adults (1.8%), while thrombotic or stenotic complications were recorded in two children (0.77%) and 19 adults (1.18%; P

To overcome problems of damaged urinary tract tissues and complications of current procedures, tissue engineering (TE) techniques and stem cell (SC) research have achieved great progress. Although diversity of techniques is used, urologists should know the basics. We carried out a literature review regarding the basic principles and applications of TE and SC technologies in the genitourinary tract. We carried out MEDLINE/PubMed searches for English articles until March 2010 using a combination of the following keywords: bladder, erectile dysfunction, kidney, prostate, Peyronie's disease, stem cells, stress urinary incontinence, testis, tissue engineering, ureter, urethra and urinary tract. Retrieved abstracts were checked, and full versions of relevant articles were obtained. Scientists have achieved great advances in basic science research. This is obvious by the tremendous increase in the number of publications. We divided this review in two topics; the first discusses basic science principles of TE and SC, whereas the second part delineates current clinical applications and advances in urological literature. TE and SC applications represent an alternative resource for treating complicated urological diseases. Despite the paucity of clinical trials, the promising results of animal models and continuous work represents the hope of treating various urological disorders with this technology.

Aim: Thermal injury elicits several systemic consequences. Acute renal failure (ARF) is a well known complication of severe burn and is an important factor leading to an increase in mortality. We aimed to focus on early diagnosis of acute renal failure occurring in major burns and to determine the predictors for acute renal failure. Methods: Forty patients with moderate to severe thermal burn injury - second to third degree with >20% of total body surface area - constituted the material of our study. The following parameters were recorded: Age, sex, cause of the burn injury, burn surface of second and third degrees expressed as total body surface area burned in %, Apache II score. All patients were subjected to routine investigations including: Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, fractional excretion of sodium, urinary malondialdehyde and microalbuminuria were done on day 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21. Results: Nine patients (22.5 % of all cases) - developed acute renal failure, 4 patients required supportive dialysis. The group that developed ARF showed rising of markers of glomerular damage with appearance of microalbuminuria on day 0, that was maximal (3 - 4 folds of its normal level ) at day 14 and constant with elevated serum creatinine and burn size in the 3rd week and progressed to overt proteinuria in 3 cases. Urinary malondialdehyde was also elevated before developing acute renal failure about 3 folds their normal values, gradually increasing on day 14 associated with rising of microalbuminuria followed by their decrease after controlling of septicemia. Two cases (22.2%) in ARF group who developed septicemia and required dialysis died on the 32nd and 36th days post-burn. Burn size and occurrence of septicemia were the only predictors of acute renal failure using multiple regression analysis, (SE B 0.003 and 0.104- P value 0.001 and .0371 respectively). Conclusion: Acute renal failure complicates 22.5 % of burn patients that was found to be related to the size and depth of burn. Microalbuminuria and urinary malondialdehyde are useful markers for prediction of renal outcome in such group of patients. In our study burn size and septicemia proved to be the only clinical parameters that predict renal outcome.

Thermal injury elicits several systemic consequences. Acute renal failure (ARF) is a well-known complication of severe burn and is an important factor leading to an increase in mortality. We aimed to focus on early diagnosis of acute renal failure occurring in major burns and to determine the predictors for acute renal failure.Forty patients with moderate to severe thermal burn injury--second- to third-degree with20% of total body surface area--constituted the material of our study. The following parameters were recorded: age, sex, cause of the burn injury, burn surface of second and third degrees expressed as total body surface area burned in %, and Apache II score. All patients were subjected to routine investigations, including serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, fractional excretion of sodium, urinary malondialdehyde and microalbuminuria, completed on days 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21.Nine patients (22.5% of all cases) developed acute renal failure, and four patients required supportive dialysis. The group that developed ARF showed rising markers of glomerular damage with appearance of microalbuminuria on day 0 that was maximal (3-4 times its normal level) at day 14 and constant with elevated serum creatinine, as well as burn size in the third week that progressed to overt proteinuria in three cases. Urinary malondialdehyde was also elevated before developing acute renal failure about three times their normal values, gradually increasing on day 14, associated with rising microalbuminuria followed by its decrease after controlling of septicemia. Two cases (22.2%) in ARF group who developed septicemia and required dialysis died on the 32(nd) and 36(th) days post-burn. Burn size and occurrence of septicemia were the only predictors of acute renal failure using multiple regression analysis (SE B 0.003 and 0.104; p value of 0.001 and .0371, respectively).Acute renal failure, which complicates 22.5% of burn patients, was found to be related to the size and depth of burn. Microalbuminuria and urinary malondialdehyde are useful markers for prediction of renal outcome in such group of patients. In our study. burn size and septicemia proved to be the only clinical parameters that predict renal outcome.