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Different linguistic constructions, including comparative, superlative, similative, and equative constructions, are employed to convey the concept of comparison. Equative and similative constructions exhibit the highest semantic and structural resemblance out of all the specified constructions. In such constructions, two entities -referred to as the comparee and the standard- are compared based on a specific characteristic or quality. In equative constructions the comparison is based on a gradable property, where one of the referents has the property to a higher degree, while similative constructions compare the similarity in manner. This study explored the equative constructions in the Laki language by primarily relying on classification put forth by Haspelmath (2017). The data for the present study consists of 123 equative sentences taken from spoken interviews with twelve individuals residing in Noorabad city. The findings indicate that speakers mainly use seven strategies to convey the concept of equality in Laki. Furthermore, the data show that in numerous equative constructions in Laki, there is a preference for omitting the standard marker while retaining the degree marker

Groundwater is considered an important source of water supply in Iraq, but the poor quality of water makes it unsuitable for drinking purposes. To enhance the groundwater quality, River Bank Filtration (RBF) method was investigated. It is a natural process in which wells along a riverbank are pumped, causing some of the river water to flow toward these wells. With this technique, water coming from the river is filtrated by soil deposits and then mixed with groundwater, improving its quality. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the implementation of the RBF technique to improve the poor quality of groundwater and get potable water. A study area was selected in Al Hindiyah District within Kerbala City, Iraq. Four wells (W1, W2, W3, and W4) with different distances from the Euphrates River bank (450 m, 720 m, 800 m, and 1950 m), respectively, were selected to examine the groundwater quality. The results were then compared to those for the Euphrates River. In addition, two boreholes (B.H.1 and B.H.2) of about 15 m depth were drilled near the riverbank to assess the soil properties of the studied area. The results showed that the groundwater quality at a depth more than 12 m enhanced as the well’s distance from the river bank decreased and got closer to the river. It was found that the water quality at pumping wells (W1, W2, and W3) is slightly polluted, which makes this area more suitable for groundwater abstraction to provide the best water quality. The poorest water quality was for W4 at 1950 m from the riverbank, which indicates that at this distance the river bank filtration process is eliminated.

تأسس نظام الدولة الحامية بهدف تمكين الأطراف المتنازعة من مواصلة الحوار حول حماية سكانهما. وتنص الاتفاقيات، منذ بداية أي نزاع، على ضرورة التزام كل طرف بتعيين دولة حامية لضمان تنفيذ الاتفاقيات والبروتوكولات الإضافية. ويخضع مندوبو الدول الحامية المعينون لموافقة الأطراف المتنازعة التي يتعاونون معها في تنفيذ واجباتهم. تستند فكرة بحثنا إلى دراسة فعالية دور الدولة الحامية في تطبيق القانون الدولي الإنساني. وقد تناول البحث تعريف الدولة الحامية، وتحديد الأطراف المسؤولة عن مهامها، بالإضافة إلى توضيح مهام وصلاحيات الدولة الحامية، وعرض الحالات التطبيقية لدورها. في المطلب الأول، تم توضيح ماهية الدولة الحامية، بينما تم تناول مهامها وصلاحياتها والحالات التطبيقية لها في المطلب الثاني. كما اقترحنا لتحقيق الهدف المرجو من قيام الدولة الحامية، فصل عملها عن مبادرات الأطراف المتنازعة أو قبولها. بعبارة أخرى، نرى أنه من الضروري منح الدولة الحامية سلطات تفويضية لأداء مهامها عند الحاجة إلى خدماتها.

Background: Acute appendicitis is common in children, with appendectomy as the traditional treatment. Scoring systems like Alvarado and RIPASA help assess patient eligibility for conservative treatment, considering symptoms and additional factors like age, sex, and symptom duration. Recent studies recommend antibiotics as an initial treatment for uncomplicated cases, to avoiding surgery in many cases. Objectives: To evaluate non-operative management of appendicitis in pediatrics. Patients and methods: A cohort study done at pediatric surgery unit in Qena University Hospitals from Sep 2022 to Mar 2023 included children with acute uncomplicated appendicitis. Diagnosis was based on the available scores for diagnosis of appendicitis. Conservative management involved diagnosis antibiotics, clinical evaluation and radiological evaluation. Results: Thirty patients were included in this study. Common symptoms: abdominal pain (100%), appetite loss (56.67%), nausea/vomiting/diarrhea (60%). All diagnosed with appendicitis. Pediatric Appendicitis Score: tenderness (80%), leukocytosis (90%), cough/percussion (66.67%), nausea/vomiting (60%), anorexia (83.33%), pain migration (86.67%), median score 8. IV antibiotics: median 1.925 g (range: 0.35-5.9 g). Outcomes: 90% symptom resolution, median 4-day hospital stay (range: 2-7 days), 6.67% recurrence, 6.67% appendectomy. Post-intervention, significant improvement in signs/symptoms, ultrasonography, CRP; WBC count improved variably. Conclusion: Conservative treatment for uncomplicated pediatric appendicitis is safe, successful (90% cure rate), cost-effective, and efficient with short hospital stays. Although it has a high success rate but may require a few patients undergo appendectomy.

يهدف البحث إلى التعرف على الذكاء الاصطناعي بشكل عام، وضوابط استخدامه، ثم التعرف على مدى قدرته على خدمة الباحث الشرعي عند إنجاز أبحاثه في الإجابة عن الأسئلة المتعلقة بالثقافة الإسلامية والعلوم الشرعية، في سبيل الترقي بعمل الذكاء الاصطناعي من خلال التعاون المكثف بين المبرمجين من جهة وعلماء الشريعة من جهة أخرى، ولقد قام البحث على المنهج: الوصفي من خلال طرح أسئلة نوعية على الذكاء الاصطناعي في الثقافة الإسلامية، والتفسير والحديث والفقه، وتم تقسيم البحث إلى مقدمة ومبحثين، المبحث الأول: تعريف تقنية الذكاء الاصطناعي وأهميته في التعليم. المبحث الثاني: مدى إمكانية الذكاء الاصطناعي على تقديم الإجابات الصحيحة عن الأسئلة الشرعية. وخلص البحث إلى أن الذكاء الاصطناعي لا يزال قاصرًا عن تقديم إجابات نوعية للباحث الشرعي، وعليه يقع على عاتق العلماء اليوم العمل على تطوير الذكاء الاصطناعي لخدمة العلوم الشرعية.

Determination of mechanical state of thermal oxide growing during high temperature oxidation is a challenge. Fabrication of nanogauges for monitoring during high temperature oxidation was presently investigated up to 1000 °C. Several materials were tested in terms of mechanical behaviour and maximum working temperature for gauges used as markers during thermal loading under air. The experimental determination of the optimized gauges material for high temperature oxidation was validated. SiO2 offers particularly interesting features for gauges to determine the mechanical state of metal/oxide system. In this article, a special attention has also been paid to two nano-fabrication processes, as well as their limits. The standard electron beam lithography process is well suited to build gauges for oxidation applications, and can be improved by use of reactive ion etching process. The gauges can eventually reach several micrometers height such that the oxidation layer does not cover the gauges during thermal loading for relevant monitoring at short oxidation times. To illustrate, an application to a 17-4PH stainless steel oxidized at 480 °C is proposed and stress kinetics are deduced and related to an advanced thermomechano-chemical model, as well as identification of the numerical values of different thermomechano-chemical parameters associated to mechanisms of growth or relaxation.

The originality of this work is introducing a novel Improved Harbor Seal Whiskers Algorithm (IHSWA) as an innovative and improved optimizer for solving complex hybrid dynamic economic-environmental dispatch (HDEED) considering uncertainty of renewable energy generation (REG) and various system constraints. IHSWA is implemented by hybridizing opposition-based algorithm (OBA) and local search algorithm (LSA) approaches to enhance the algorithm's search efficiency and overcome the challenges of other counterpart approaches. IHSWA has an optimal balancing feature between searching modes (exploring and exploiting modes). This feature makes the proposed algorithms more advanced than their counterpart optimizing techniques. The HDEED is modeled using a non-convex and non-smooth objective function, considering various equality and inequality constraints such as ramp rate bounds (RRLs), valve-point effects (VPE), production limits (PL), spinning reserves (SRLs), prohibited operating zones (POZs), and power balance (PB). The proposed approach is verified on a hybrid modified IEEE 57-bus 7-unit power system incorporating solar and wind energy generation. The proposed approach is compared with various modern optimization techniques, such as the traditional Harbor Seal Whiskers Algorithm (HSWA), the Lemurs Optimization Algorithm (LOA), the Nutcracker Optimization Algorithm (NOA), and the Artificial Hummingbird Algorithm (AHA). The incorporation of REG sources produces a significant reduction in operative costs and a remarkable decline in emissions. The convergence rate of the proposed approach indicates that the novel hybrid algorithm converges rapidly towards the optimal solution, achieving the best global optimum solution. The ANOVA test and the Tukey test are used to analyze the results statistically. The IHSWA approach shows superior advanced features with a best fuel cost of 1640.5890 $ and a minimum std. value of 1708.4895. While for emission objective minimizing, IHSWA attained a minimum emission cost and std. value of 1080.1629 kg and 1777.0770, respectively. The statistical analysis of the results approves the stability, reliability, and consistency of the proposed strategy with significant convergence. The appreciated contribution of this work is introducing a novel hybrid approach for solving HDEED efficiently, incorporating REG, and considering various system constraints. IHSWA has advanced features over its counterpart approaches. The contribution holds specific importance for the economic development of countries. It creates the path for increased self-sufficiency by reducing their need for fossil fuels for energy production. The study emphasizes the transition from being reliant on fossil fuels to the development of sustainable urban economies.

In recent years, some illegal activities have emerged, enabling their owners to counterfeit billions of local and international currencies. Therefore, it is necessary to combat these activities by increasing insurance awareness among the public, and upgrading the level of the banknote and the elements included in its components and means of insurance. The problem of the research represented in the difficulty recognizing and distinguishing between original and counterfeit currencies for a large segment of Egyptian society and the absence of identifying the insurance components in Egyptian currencies and limiting them to a specific segment of specialists, whether in the field of their production or circulation, such as banks. The aim of the research is developing ways of dealing with the public through the Internet and smart phone applications, easily defining and educating the public about all insurance means, and identifying whether the currencies are valid or counterfeit. Raising public awareness of the visible and invisible insurance components in Egyptian currencies to support anti-counterfeiting and counterfeiting ways and devices through the application.

Stone boulders breakwaters are the most widespread and widely used type of breakwaters. if the foundations of these structures do not have sufficient bearing capacity, large settlements will await the structure. Since the construction of these projects is expensive, and the supply of suitable stone resources are essential for the construction of these projects, a relatively good prediction of the stone materials volume used in the project is important. Therefore, a research project was carried out at Siyadi Port breakwater, (Iran) utilizing geotechnical data and construction observations. The objective was to create a computer model to understand the response of the clay bed to the weight of the rocks. This analysis was done by Lagrangian equations and using FLAC software and led to the selection of characteristic of soil parameters that simulated the subsidence of materials on an elasto-plastic bed. Soil resistance parameters that could not be determined through standard tests were derived through a process of back analysis. The study also investigated the effects of the thickness of the loose layer, variations in sea water levels, and the use of geotextile in the project. A large rise in settling is anticipated as the muddy soil's depth increases. Results also confirms the effectiveness of using geotextiles for settlement management. Moreover, updated characteristics of soil from the previous step in order to comprehend the construction of an entire breakwater section on muddy soil seems crucial. With this method, long-term settlements and the stability of the breakwater section may be reliably predicted.

Objectives: The study aimed to determine the nature of the political relationship that linked Gaza City to the state The neighboring Egyptian city during the period (1550 – 1200 BC). Since the military nature was an inherent characteristic of these relations most of the time, Gaza City, after political and military control over it, was made a center and capital of the Egyptian administration in the southern Syrian region and an advanced base from which to subdue any rebellion against Egyptian influence in the Syrian cities. It was also considered an advanced base for defending Egyptian lands. Against any external enemy who wants to invade it on the one hand Syria country .Method: To achieve the objectives of the study, the study relied on applying the analytical method in studying the events of the study phase and identifying the most important interactions that affected the history of the ancient East region through analyzing the information contained in the relevant sources. Re-reading the texts of these sources and examining them in a way that serves the objectives of the study.Results: The strategic and commercial location of Gaza City in southern Syria and on the border with Egypt caused the city to be exposed to many military campaigns with the aim of controlling it, as it served as a link between the three continents of the world, Asia and Africa, by land and by sea with the continent of Europe. Conclusion: It is necessary to verify the accuracy of reading the texts that were found, and to compare those texts that were found in different places with the historical information they contain; In order to form an idea somewhat similar to the political conditions that the residents of Gaza City experienced over a period of time the study.

This work synthesized a thermoplastic polymer with varying densities along one direction using additive manufacturing technology to study the dynamic and static characteristics of functionally graded viscoelastic materials (FGVMs). To describe the mechanical properties of FGVMs, an analytical formulation based on the sigmoid-law formulation was proposed. The experimental program is conducted on 3D-printed samples, and various tests are conducted to examine the performance of such materials. Furthermore, the finite element method was used to evaluate the structural system's flexural properties. The influences of FG parameters and geometrical properties on flexural and reverse bending fatigue life are analyzed. The results show that increasing porosity from 10% to 30% at a power-law index (k = 2) reduces bending strength by 31.25 percent and deflection by around 11.2 percent for VE samples. Changing the power-law exponent from 0.5 to 10 increases fatigue strength by 35 %.

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى الوقوف على المعنى الذي يقصد إليه برغسون عندما يتصدى للحديث عن المشكلات الزائفة التي يتصدى لها الفلاسفة في حياتهم بوصفها مشكلات حقيقية الأمر الذي يدفعهم لصرف الكثير من الجهد والوقت من غير جدوى. ولذلك يسعى برغسون لتبيان أهمية الكشف عن هذه المشكلات ووضع منهج مناسب للتعامل معها ونقدها وذلك بغية تجاوزها والانتقال لمواجهة المشاكل الحقيقية التي تستحق العناية والاهتمام . ومن بين هذه المشكلات الزائفة بالنسبة لبرغسون هي مشكلة الحرية التي تختلط بغيرها من المشكلات التي تتطلب الدرس والتمحيص للكشف عن عناصرها الأساسية والوقوف على طبيعتها والطرق التي تتعين لها في الواقع.

Background and Objectives. Dental fear and anxiety are common causes of dental care avoidance especially in pediatric dentistry. Distraction is among the safest and cheapest techniques for behavioral guidance in children. Virtual reality (VR) can be used as a means of distraction. This study aimed to assess the effect of distraction by VR on the levels of pain and anxiety in 6–8-year-old patients requiring mandibular primary molar pulpotomy. Materials and Methods. This crossover clinical trial was conducted with eligible 6–8-year-old children requiring bilateral mandibular molar pulpotomy. At the first treatment visit, pulpotomy was performed for 15 children using VR glasses distraction while the other 15 children received a pulpotomy without any VR glasses; this trend was reversed at the second session and pulpotomy was performed for the contralateral tooth. Pulse rate (PR) and Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS) measured the anxiety levels. Wong–Baker Faces Pain Scale (WBFP) assessed the pain perception before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25 using the Mann–Whitney and χ2 tests. Results. The mean PR was not significantly different between the two groups. However, the test group showed significantly lower scores of MCDAS (P value = 0.02) and WBFP (P value = 0.001) compared with the control group. Conclusion. The present results suggest that VR headsets can decrease the level of pain and anxiety of patients during primary mandibular pulpotomy. This trial is registered with IRCT20200315046782N1.

Abstract Introduction Ivacaftor has shown to be effective in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) with a G551D mutation. Objectives This work aims to evaluate ivacaftor's effectiveness and safety in the real world, over 5 years, in the West of Scotland CF population. Methods We evaluated ivacaftor's effect on pulmonary function, body mass index (BMI), hospital bed occupancy, and adverse effects in patients ≥6 years with at least one G551D mutation. Results Statistically significant increases from baseline were observed in mean per cent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) at year 1 (which was maintained at years 2 and 5) and BMI over 5 years in our adolescent/adult cohort. Improvements were observed in per cent predicted FEV1 within the paediatric cohort with a suggestion of a plateau effect. The increase in paediatric BMI z‐score was nonstatistically significant. There was a reduction in the number of pulmonary exacerbations requiring intravenous antibiotics and hospital bed occupancy. Ivacaftor was well tolerated. Conclusion Ivacaftor was effective in our population.

Background: Taxes are not only an important source of government revenue, but also one of the most important policy tools for tobacco control. The present study was designed to determine the optimal tax rate on cigarettes.Methods: A descriptive-analytical study was conducted using the survey data from the Statistics Center of Iran from 2015 to 2019. The survey is carried out every year at the national level and households are selected by three-stage stratified sampling method. The inclusion criteria for our study were based on household information in the study period and its completeness and legibility. The Poisson regression model was used to estimate the factors affecting the quantity of cigarette demand in households with smoker members. The optimal tax rate on cigarettes was calculated based on the concept of Laffer curve. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata version 15.1.Results: The study was performed on 191,648 Iranian households. The cigarette price elasticity of demand was around -0.24. There were statistically significant relationships between the cigarette demand and variables including having a member of 15-18 years in the family; having male member of 19-64 years; having a female member of 19-64 years old; the study periods; age, education level; and job status of the household head (P

The primary objective of this paper is to develop a new method for root-finding by combining forward and finite-difference techniques in order to provide an efficient, derivative-free algorithm with a lower processing cost per iteration. This will be accomplished by combining forward and finite-difference techniques. We also detail the convergence criterion that was devised for the root-finding approach, and we show that the method that was recommended is quintic-order convergent. We addressed a few engineering issues in order to illustrate the validity and application of the developed root-finding algorithm. The quantitative results justified the constructed root-finding algorithm’s robust performance in comparison to other quintic-order methods that can be found in the literature. For the graphical analysis, we make use of the newly discovered method to plot some novel polynomiographs that are attractive to the eye, and then we evaluate these new plots in relation to previously established quintic-order root-finding strategies. The graphic analysis demonstrates that the newly created method for root-finding has better convergence with the larger area than the other comparable methods do.

BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteases responsible for cleaving and rebuilding connective tissue components and also affect early carcinogenesis events, tumor development, growth, and neovascularization. The study aimed to evaluate the level of MMP-2 in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients in comparison with that in remission status, and healthy subjects, and to find its correlation with hematologic parameters. PATIENTS, MATERIALS, AND METHODS: This study included sixty newly diagnosed AML patients. Remission status was assessed after induction chemotherapy. The overall survival (OS) was determined after 6 months. The plasma MMP-2 level was measured at diagnosis by enzyme immunoassay. Twenty-eight healthy individuals were recruited as a control group. RESULTS: Plasma MMP-2 was higher in AML patients than in healthy individuals (P = 0.005). The level of MMP-2 was much higher in the M5 subtype than in the other subtypes (P = 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in the level of MMP-2 between patients who achieved complete remission and those who did not (P = 0.113). After 6 months, no significant difference in the initial MMP-2 levels was found between deceased and alive patients (P = 0.174). A positive correlation of MMP-2 level was found with white blood cell (WBC) count and hemoglobin (P = 0.0001 and 0.033, respectively) while insignificant with age, platelet count, and blast counts. CONCLUSIONS: The high MMP-2 level in AML patients suggests a possible role in the pathogenesis. However, it does not show any association with remission status or OS. The elevation was significantly associated with marrow monocytosis (M5) and correlated with a higher WBC count.

Abstract Background According to the World Health Organization (WHO), quality of life is “an individual’s perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live, and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards, and concerns. Researchers have conceptualized quality of life on many levels, and there are multiple views on how it should be defined and measured. Chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus are known to compromise the HRQoL. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease known to affect HRQoL adversely. Two types of tools have been developed to measure HRQoL. Generic tools are general purpose measures used to assess HRQoL of communities and also for comparison between populations. The EQ-5D-5L consists of two pages—the EQ-5D-5L descriptive system and the EQ visual analog scale (EQ VAS). The descriptive system comprises the five dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression). Objectives Assess of quality of life in elderly patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as determine effects of factors related to diabetes and diabetic control on the quality of life of type 2 diabetes. Methods - Population of study and disease condition: ◦ A total of 60 participants were enrolled in this study, and all of the participants were among the geriatric group of people (age ≥ 60 years old). ◦ Thirty of them self-reported to have diabetes mellitus type 2, while the other 30 subjects were a control group (self-reported no to have diabetes mellitus). ◦ All participants were subjected to careful history taking, full clinical examination, in addition to laboratory investigation in the form of HBA1C. ◦ All participants had to fill in self-reported questionnaire which is used as a tool for the assessment of HRQOL named EQ-5D-5L (some patients were illiterate so the questionnaire was interviewed to them). ◦ All participants underwent interview questionnaires of the following HRQOL scales: geriatrics depression scale, ADL (activities of daily living scale), and IADL (instrumental activities of daily living scale). Results EQ-5D-5L score is significantly higher in diabetic patients than non-diabetics (p value < 0.001). EQ VAS score is significantly lower in diabetic patients than non-diabetics (p value < 0.001). ADL (activities of daily living) functional assessment impairment is higher in diabetics than non-diabetics (p value < 0.001). IADL (independence in activities of daily living) functional assessment impairment is higher in diabetics than non-diabetics (p value < 0.001). Visual prop is impaired in diabetics more than non-diabetics (p value < 0.001). Pain severity is mainly affected in diabetics more than non-diabetics. Conclusion Type 2 diabetes mellitus in elderly patients affects their health-related quality of life and their daily activities. In our study, the HRQOL of uncontrolled diabetic patients were more negatively affected than that of the controlled diabetic patients. Moreover, some of our diabetic patients were found to suffer from cognitive disorders (insomnia and depression) as a complication of diabetes. We also found that the EQ-5D-5L of diabetic patients with comorbidities was higher than those without comorbidities and EQ-VAS was lower in comorbid diabetic patients.

حُضرت 6 عينات من البنية الميزومسامية SBA-15 بطريقة المعالجة الهيدروحرارية باستخدام كمية ثابتة من TEOS عند درجات حرارة مختلفة (70,100,130 Cº) وباستخدام العامل الموجه P123 بنسب مختلفة (23,46,69 m.mol) تبين أن كل من درجة حرارة المعالجة الهيدروحرارية وكمية العامل الموجه يؤثران بشكل واضح على منحنيات الامتزاز وعلى قيمة المساحة السطحية النوعية. عند تغير درجة حرارة المعالجة الهيدروحرارية (70,100,130 Cº) وقيمة ثابتة للعامل الموجه 23 m.mol كانت قيم المساحة السطحية النوعية 640 و 734 و 382 m2/g على الترتيب. بينما عند قيمة ثابتة لدرجة الحرارة 100 Cº وقيم مختلفة للعامل الموجه (23,46,69m.mol) كانت قيم المساحة السطحية النوعية 832,852,734 m2/g على الترتيب. تبين النتائج أيضاً تأثيراً واضحاً على شكل منحنيات الامتزاز وتغير شكل الأنشوطة التخلفية كما يظهر التأثير أيضاً في توزع حجم المسام للعينات المحضرة.

IntroductionAccording to the GLOBOCAN (Global Cancer Observatory) 2020 report, 13,028 new cases of breast cancer (19%) were diagnosed in the United States, and 6,783 of them succumbed to the disease, making it the most common cancer among women. The clinical stage at the time of diagnosis is one of the most significant survival predictors in breast cancer. With delayed illness detection comes a lower survival rate. The prognosis of breast cancer may be predicted using circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA), a non-invasive diagnosis technique.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the most sensitive and effective method for detecting changes in cfDNA levels and for using cfDNA as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of breast cancer.MethodsThe potential function of serum cfDNA levels as a marker for early breast cancer diagnosis was investigated using UV spectrophotometric, fluorometric, and real-time qPCR assays.ResultsThis research suggests that the most successful way to measure the amount of cfDNA described decades ago could be used as a "liquid biopsy" to track cancer in real time. The RT-qPCR (ALU115) method produced the most statistically significant results (p=0.000). At the threshold concentration of 395.65 ng/ml of cfDNA, the ROC curve reflects the maximum AUC= 0.7607, with a sensitivity of 0.65 and specificity of 0.80.ConclusionFor a preliminary assessment of total circulating cfDNA, a combination of all of the above techniques will be most efficacious. Based on our results, we conclude that the RT-qPCR technique combined with fluorometric measurement can identify a statistically significant difference in cfDNA levels between cohorts of breast cancer patients and healthy controls.

The study investigates volleyball performance indicators that distinguish winning and losing sets in men's and women's Asian competitions. It focuses on balanced sets, defined as those with a score difference of = 5 points for men and = 7 points for women, to avoid bias from lopsided sets. Data from the 2023 Men's and Women's AVC Challenge Cup was analysed. A six-level scale evaluated serve, reception, attack after reception and after defence, block and setting. Stepwise discriminant analysis identified the most significant performance indicators for winning a set in each gender. For men's teams, attack win percentage and serve win percentage were the most important factors. Teams with attack win percentages above 50% and serve win percentages above 7.5% exhibited a greater likelihood of winning. For women's teams, the analysis was not statistically significant, but attack win percentage after reception percentage showed the strongest influence. The study underscores the pivotal role of attack effectiveness in differentiating winning and losing sets, particularly for men's teams. Serve win percentage also plays a significant role for men. While the analysis for women's teams was inconclusive, attack success appears to be crucial. Future research could strengthen the findings for women's volleyball. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Distraction techniques are among the most effective nursing interventions for managing pain and fear in children undergoing IV cannulation. Techniques such as bubble blowing, cartoons, and the Buzzy device help children cope with procedural pain and anxiety better. This study aims to assess the levels of pain and fear experienced during IV cannulation in preschool-aged children and to determine the effectiveness of distraction techniques in reducing these levels. Methods and Materials: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 preschool-aged children undergoing IV cannulation at Karbala Children's Teaching Hospital. Participants were randomly assigned to three intervention groups (Buzzy device, cartoon film, and bubbles game) and a control group. Pain levels were measured using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale, and fear levels were assessed with the McMurtry Children's Fear Scale during and after the procedure. Data analysis was performed using SPSS.26. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) were employed to evaluate group differences, with a significance level set at p= .05. Findings: Findings indicate that the Buzzy device was most effective in reducing pain (P<0.001). At the same time, the bubbles game proved most effective in reducing fear levels (P<0.001) following the application of the distraction techniques. Conclusion: The study concludes that targeted distraction techniques, such as the Buzzy device and bubble blowing, can effectively manage and reduce pain and fear in children undergoing venous cannulation. These findings have practical implications for healthcare professionals, equipping them with effective strategies to improve the pediatric patient's experience during IV cannulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The people play a direct and important role in the Islamic theory of judicial power (Wilayat Al-Qadi). This role begins in participating in the appointment of a supreme judge. The people also ensure the independence and accountability of individual judges and the judiciary as an institution. This article argues that the judicial systems of Iran, Egypt, and Jordan abuse their powers. It offers an account of the malpractice of judicial power in these countries and recommends reforms to conform with Islamic principles.

Art is the ability of man to express himself or translate his feelings and describe what surrounds him in different forms, technology is the tools, products, treatments and organizations that man uses to increase his creative abilities and possibilities in the implementation of the work of art, although it does not add an imprint that distinguishes him from others cannot be considered creativity in the known sense, creativity is a new, useful and authentic production that draws attention and distinguishes each artist from others through his artistic creations in the use of art and technology together. Despite the rapid development of technology, the many benefits that it adds to art in general, there is a controversy that has abounded between artists and creators about the relationship of art to technology, some of them consider that aesthetic values have fallen and fall in the face of technology and others consider that technology has created new aesthetic values. Therefore, the study and the idea of research focused on how to take advantage of the features of origami art with 3D digital printing techniques and the extent to which the possibility of creating 3D fashion designs in a mannequin way to extract innovative designs from the features of origami art with 3D printing techniques through the concrete and tangible form of designs, and how to adapt modern technology to create designs that correspond to the technological development of the prevailing fashion., the research focused on describing sensory and mental features and the use of technology that helps the designer of fashion, as well as the study of designers for some Modern fashion using 3D printing techniques, studying the features of origami art, fashion design and the foundations of composition on the mannequin, and studying 3D printing and the most important companies producing them and the materials used. to take advantage of them in the implementation process

Global ethics is a need reminded to different researchers by the phenomenon of globalization. Meanwhile some scholars like the Catholic theologian Leonard Swidler seek to present the principles of the global ethics based on the common grounds of the religions (ecumenism). The current study has been conducted using a library-based analytic method in order to evaluate Swidler’s project of global ethics. To this end, the idea of the unity of religions is outlined and then Swidler’s theoretical foundations in his global ethics project as well as the principles presented by him in his second declaration are discussed. Finally, his project is criticized in the light of the presented principles and foundations and the following results are drawn: Swidler’s project of global ethics is of such advantages as paying attention to the responsibilities along with the rights, and the principles of human relations with the environment. Moreover, Swidler’s idea is significant in view of its being grounded in the effective interreligious dialogue as well as highlighting the role of religion in the global ethics. But his focus on the articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and his failure of explication of its relation with the common ethics of religions have caused him to get distanced from the ideal of unity of religions in his second declaration.

يحاول باتريك شارودو من خلال هذا المقال تحديد تموقع تحليل الخطاب بالنسبة لباقي تخصصات العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعي، حتى يتسنى له التعريف بما يميزه كمنهج علمي ومقاربة تحليلية ونقدية عن باقي المباحث التي تجعل من الحقل السياسي موضوع لها، وعليه فقد انطلق من ربط مفهوم الخطاب بالفعل والسلطة تحت طائلة توضيح ماهيته التأثيرية في توجيه الرأي العام دون أن يغفل رهاناته المتعددة في مقابل باقي المجالات كانت قانونية أو إعلامية أو اجتماعية. ليخلص إلى ضرورة الأخذ بعين الاعتبار عند دراسة الخطاب السياسي الأثر المشكلة له كالوقائع سياسية والاجتماعية القانونية فضلًا عن الأخلاقية والنفسية كالممارسات المنبثقة من المنظومة القيمية.

لا ريب في أنّ تفسير القرآن الكريم وإدراك المقصود الإلهي في الآيات هو السبيل الوحيد لبلوغ التعاليم القرآنية، وعليه، فإنّ فهم حقيقة (التّفسير) وجوهره يُعدّ أمراً ضرورياً لتحديد أُطره واتّساعه. فالنظرة المقتضبة إلى كلمة (التّفسير) لا تُسعفنا في هذا الباب بل ينبغي التّعامل معه بنظرة أوسع ورؤية أعمق، والاستعانة بالعبارات والكلمات ذات العلاقة والقرائن المطلوبة حتى الوصول إلى حقيقة التّفسير. يشير هذا البحث – بأسلوب وصفي تحليليّ – إلى أنّ سبيل الوصول إلى حقيقة التفسير وماهيّته يتمثّل في النظرة المنهجية لأسلوب آل البيت (G) كقرينة منفصلة إلى جانب الاستعانة بآيات القرآن الكريم والمبادئ العقلائية للمحاورة والقرائن المتصلة، وهذا الأسلوب هو الذي يمكنه أن يوصلنا إلى تفسير مُعتبر للقرآن الكريم. وبالاستناد إلى نتائج البحث تُعدّ كلمة (تبيين) كلمة محورية في تفسير القرآن الكريم فهي توضّح جميع القيود والقرائن المؤثّرة في فهم آيات القرآن، وبالنظر إلى هذه النقطة الدليلية فإنّ أوضح تعريف وأحسنه لكلمة (التّفسير) هو: «أنّه بيان لآيات القرآن وفق المفهوم العرفي والهيكل الأدبي للكلمات والجُمل والقرائن المتصلة بها، وبالتالي الكشف عن مُراد الله تعالى من آيات القرآن بالاعتماد على القرائن والأدلّة المنفصلة».

Cluster headaches are a series of short, excruciating, and unilateral pain that happens for a short period at a time over days, weeks, or months and may awake people from sleep. It is situated behind, in, or around one eye only with possible radiation to the forehead at the same side. Cluster headache is characterized by many ocular features. However, extraocular muscle involvement is unusual in this type of headache. We present a case of chronic cluster headache associated with diplopia due to oculomotor nerve palsy in a 24-year-old man, which responded successfully to oral steroid. This presentation is rare. Therefore, ophthalmologists and neurologists should consider it in their list of a differential diagnosis. A short course of oral prednisolone has a role in the management of patients in such cases.

This study aimed to identify the implementing degree of Total Quality Management (TQM) principals by Academic Departmental Heads (ADH) at the Najran University from faculty members' perspectives. It also aimed to determine significant differences between the average estimate of sample section of faculty members about the implementing degree of TQM principles by ADH attributable to the study variables (gender, faculty, and academic rank and experience years). The study sample consists of 200 faculty members. A questionnaire divided into six domains (44 items): (effective leadership, make decisions based on facts, strategic planning, participation and teamwork, focus on the satisfaction of the beneficiary, and the continuous improvement and excellence). The most significant outcome revealed from this study, that the implementing degree of TQM principles was average (68.4%). Results also have shown statistically significant differences at the level (a = 0.05) in the responses of faculty members about assessing the implementing degree of Total Quality Management (TQM) principals by Academic Departmental Heads (ADH) at Najran University according to the study variables (gender, academic rank and experience years). In light of these findings, the study has recommended several recommendations such as finding a clear functional description for the job of the academic ADH which can explain the tasks and specializations at Najran University.

The relationship between Haades (Originated) and Ghadim (Eternal) has always been a challenging issue in philosophy, particularly for the monotheists with strong belief in non-changeability of the nature of the Necessary Being. Various schools of philosophy have explored many ways to find an answer to the problem. Imam Khomeini in his Taqrirat-e Falsafeh (Philosophical Statements) has reviewed solutions of various schools of philosophy. Hassan bin Abd al-Razaq Lahiji was a 12th century AH renowned scholar and the author of Misbah al-Derayah fi Sharha al-Hidayah (Light of Prudence in Explanation of Guidance). The book, available in manuscript, offers an exclusive solution. In this paper, we have reviewed viewpoints by Imam Khomeini and Mirza Hassan Lahiji, and while pointing to Imam Khomeini’s solution, we have investigated Lahiji’s solution. Restating Lahiji’s solution, the authors of the paper do not evaluate it as a perfect solution.

إن تطورات العملية العسكرية الخاصة الروسية في أوكرانيا وتداعياتها الاقتصادية والجيوسياسية، أثبتت فشل النظام الرأسمالي الاستعماري القائم والمؤسسات الدولية التابعة له على استيعاب الموقف. هذا النظام الذي تمثله الولايات المتحدة الامريكية كقطب واحد منذ العام 1991. وفي إطار تطور الاقتصاد الرأسمالي الاستعماري، فقد وصل إلى الاقتصاد القائم على الأزمات والحروب لتنشيط دورته الاقتصادية، من خلال زيادة التشغيل وتصدير السلاح. هذا يعني بان أي حرب كبيرة (بحجم الحرب الأوكرانية) وتداعياتها تخسرها الولايات المتحدة أو وكلائها سيؤدي إلى تغييرات اقتصادية وجيوسياسية يتغير معها وجه النظام الاقتصادي العالمي ما يوجه الأنظار نحو القطب الاخر المنتصر في هذه الحرب لنصل الى عالم ثنائي أو متعدد الاقطاب.

الخط الكوفي الهندسي على العمارة والتحف الفنية من العصر المملوكي الجركسي. منظور جديد من خلال بعض التحف الفنية. [Ar] لقد أظهر الفنانون المسلمون براعتهم في إنتاج العديد من التحف الفنية بأشكالها وزخارفها العديدة والمميزة التي لازال الكثير منها بحاجة ماسة للدراسة والفحص. وقد أطنب فنانو العصر المملوكي في زخرفة تحفهم الفنية بالعديد من الزخارف المختلفة ومن أبرز هذه الزخارف هو الخط الكوفي الهندسي الذي لعب دورا حيوياً وبارزا في الفن المملوكي. ظهر الخط الكوفي الهندسي على العديد من المباني الأثرية التي ترجع إلى العصر المملوكي، ومن الملاحظ ندرة وجوده على الفنون والتحف التي ترجع إلى تلك الحقبة من الزمن، لذا فقد عمد الباحث إلى دراسة وتحليل ونشر بعض الأمثلة من التحف الفنية والتي توجد في بعض العمائر المملوكية وتحمل في ثناياها زخرفة الخط الكوفي الهندسي المربع. ولقد أظهرت الدراسة ان هناك العديد من الاختلافات والتنوع في الطرز المختلفة للخط كذلك المضمون الذي تشتمل عليه النصوص الكتابية حيث أظهرت الكتابات تنوعا واختلافا في المضمون والطرز الفنية أكثر من الكتابات التي مثلت على العمائر الإسلامية التي ترجع إلى نفس الحقبة الزمنية. حيث اعتمد الباحث في الدراسة ايضاً على نشر تحف فنية جديدة من العصر المملوكي الجركسي بصفة خاصة وقد اتبع المنهج التحليلي من حيث المقارنة والوصف حيث تظهر الدراسة ان هناك أيضا اختلافا ملحوظا في الشكل ومضمون الكتابة وطرز الأحرف الهندسية. [En] Muslim artisans were talented in producing art objects in various decorative forms that have needed a comprehensive study and examination. They generously decorated their artworks with different motifs, especially the Kufic script that played a vital role in the value of these artworks. The geometric Kufic script is widely shown on many buildings dated to the Mamluk period; however, it is scarcely found on the art objects of the same period. The researcher examined examples of Mamluk art objects and parts from architectural edifices with geometric Kufic inscriptions. After conducting an analysis and comparative study, the researcher found out that the style changed in arts, especially in the content and the forms of the letters. The study concludes that there are many differences in the style and contents of the inscriptions rather than those found in the architecture. This apparent change can be seen in the published and unpublished artifacts of the Mamluk era, especially the late period.

إن الوثائق تعتبر من المصادر الهامة جداً للباحثين والمؤرخين للحصول على المعلومات المؤكدة عن التاريخ، ودراسة الجانب الاجتماعي لأي دولة يعطيك معلومات مهمة عن الأوضاع السياسية والاقتصادية لهذه الدولة، ومعظم الباحثين يتجهون لدراسة المجالات السياسية والعسكرية والاقتصادية، ويقلون في الدراسات الاجتماعية، على الرغم من أن دراسة الأحداث التاريخية لا يكون دقيقاً دون الخوض في الدراسات الاجتماعية، لذلك اتجهت في هذا البحث لتحقيق وثائق من المحكمة الشرعية في اللاذقية لفهم الواقع الاجتماعي فيها في العهد العثماني، لأن ذلك يجعل الباحث يتعرف على الوضع الاجتماعي في جميع الولايات العثمانية لأن القوانين العثمانية واحدة وتطبق في جميع أرجاء الدولة العثمانية.

Background: During the last two years, the world witnessed an urgent need for vaccines to tackle the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Several side effects, mainly non-life-threatening, were reported following COVID-19 vaccination. There are increasing concerns about the potential effects of COVID-19 vaccines on menstrual cycle (MC) changes amid a paucity of scientific studies on this crucial issue. The present study aimed to assess the changes in menstrual cycle (MC) among Jordanian women after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine. Method: An online-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 10 to 24 August 2021. The main menstruation-related complaints were identified and included in the survey tool that targeted Jordanian women who received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Results: A total of 633 married and unmarried women were recruited, 222 (35.1%) and 411 (64.9%), respectively. Unmarried women showed a significantly higher occurrence of menstruation dysfunctions after getting a COVID-19 vaccine compared to married women (p = 0.001). During MC, around 34.3% of participants were suffered from increasing back and abdominal pains. The most common dysfunction was a prolonged MC (24.8%), while only 16.1% experienced pre-menstruation bleeding. Additionally, 19.4% of participants stated that the MC dysfunctions last for one month, 8.7 % for two months, and 35.4% for more than two months. Conclusion: This study showed that COVID-19 vaccines negatively affected the MC in terms of the occurrence of dysfunctions and accompanying symptoms. However, further studies are required to investigate the characteristics of women who are more likely to be affected and the potential mechanisms underlying these effects.

يتحدث البحث عن حملة عسكرية عثمانية إلى اليمن والهند قام بها والي مصر سليمان باشا الخادم عام 1538م بتكليف من السلطان العثماني سليمان القانوني، لمد حدود السيطرة العثمانية وإخضاع اليمن للحكم العثماني بسبب ضعف القوة المملوكية الموجودة في اليمن التي سارعت بالاعتراف بالسيادة العثمانية، وحماية المقدسات الإسلامية في الحجاز، والتجارة العالمية في البحار العربية، فقد أدرك العثمانيون بعد الاستيلاء على مصر أهمية دور اليمن في نزاعهم مع البرتغاليين، ومساعدة سلاطين وأمراء الهند في مقاومة التمدد الاستعماري للبرتغاليين على سواحل البحر الأحمر، ويناقش تفاصيلها من أسباب وأحداث ونتائج، كما يلقي الضوء على أهميتها من حيث الزمان والمكان، وما ترتب عليها من تغييرات في مجرى تاريخ اليمن، وكذلك في أحداث الصراع العثماني البرتغالي على مياه المحيط الهندي.

The problem of "motion" is one of the issues that arose from the very beginning of philosophy in Iran and Greece, and therefore it became the focus of attention and emphasis of philosophers, and since then until now many treatises and books have been written about it. One of the issues that was studied under this topic is the “substantial motion of things” that Mulla Sadra initiated and proposed. This issue has been criticized and confirmed since the time it was raised and brought up and has provoked both supporters and opponents. He claims that substantial motion is “the motion that occurs in the essence of things”. This article aims to, while referring to substantial motion, briefly state the view of the contemporary philosopher Professor Abedi Shahroudi, which is titled “A Complement to the Theory of Substantial Motion”. In this theory, motion is a compositional motion, and based on the vector motion theory, the shortcomings of Mullah Sadra's theory, some of which have been mentioned in the article, will be obviated. Therefore, first, we briefly examine the substantial motion based on Mulla Sadra's definition, and then we explain Shahroudi's theory with the title “Vector Motion: A Complement to Mulla Sadra's substantial motion.” In Mulla Sadra's opinion, time is an irreversible event, contrary to Shahroudi's opinion that time is a reversible thing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To answer the problem of incompatibility between divine providence and creaturely freedom, Molinism suggests the theory of middle knowledge, a theory that claims by assuming God’s knowledge of counterfactuals of freedom, we can resolve the problem without giving up neither divine providence nor creaturely freedom. Through His knowledge of the conditionals and actualizing their antecedents, He knows what creatures will freely do. In this way, God’s foreknowledge and sovereignty can be compatible with creatures’ freedom. The present paper attempts to show that there is a sort of incoherency in Molinism. For, while Molinism presupposes divine immutability thesis, it attributes a will to God that requires moving from possibility to actuality in divine nature. We argue that because counterfactuals of freedom need to be actualized by divine will, claiming God's knowledge of counterfactuals of freedom leads to a rejection of divine immutability thesis which makes Molinism incoherent. We conclude that the proposed objection to the theory of God’s middle knowledge of counterfactuals of freedom is a crucial objection regardless of the success of its proponents in answering the objections concerning the truth-makers of such counterfactuals.

Background and Objective: Salmonella typhi infection occurs in most endemic areas. Patients suspected of typhoid fever located in the Badda and Shantinagar localities of Dhaka were the studied population. A total of 107 blood specimens were collected. This study attempted to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Salmonella typhi among different age and gender groups having clinical symptoms of typhoid fever. Materials and Methods: The microorganisms obtained from blood specimens were identified by phenotypical and biochemical tests following standard protocols. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done by the Agar-disc-diffusion method to understand antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates. All the Salmonella typhi isolates were serologically confirmed using a commercial antisera kit. Results and Conclusion: Out of 107, 74 Salmonella typhi isolates showed multidrug-resistant properties. Nalidixic acid, ampicillin, azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin showed high antibiotic resistance percentage. On the other hand meropenem, amikacin, gentamycin showed low antibiotic resistance. Age and sex groups also revealed significant attributes to the multidrug-resistant isolates. Multidrug-resistant pattern of the clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi of the current study has presented a matter of great public health concern in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. The first line of antibiotics can be prescribed, taking into consideration of age and gender. The sources of Salmonella typhi infection and mode of transmission must be identified.