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Human activity recognition (HAR) for disabled people is a vital research area, which aims to help individuals with disabilities in their daily lives. HAR involves using technology, typically wearable devices or sensors, to automatically identify and classify human activities and movements. HAR using deep learning (DL) is an effective and popular method to automatically classify and identify human activities based on sensor information. This article develops a hyperparameter tuned fuzzy deep neural network–based HAR (HTFDNN‐HAR) method. The objective of the HTFDNN‐HAR method lies in human activities identification and classification. In the presented HTFDNN‐HAR technique, cross‐guided bilateral filtering (CGBF)–based preprocessing is initially applied and MobileNetV3 architecture is applied for the effectual extraction of the feature vectors. In addition, the HTFDNN‐HAR technique makes use of the FDNN method for the efficient detection and classification of human activities. Finally, the HTFDNN‐HAR technique applies the manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) technique for the optimum hyperparameter selection of the FDNN approach. A wide range of experiments have been carried out on the CAUCAFall dataset comprising 10,000 samples with two classes. The simulation value highlighted that the HTFDNN‐HAR technique reaches an enhanced accuracy of 99.40% over other recent approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing demand for the use of technology in all matters of daily life and business, the demand has increased dramatically to transform business electronically especially regards COVID-19. The Internet of Things (IoT) has greatly helped in accomplishing tasks. For example, at a high temperature, it would be possible to switch on the air conditioner using a personal mobile device while the person is in the car. The Internet of Things (IoT) eases lots of tasks. A wireless sensor network is an example of IoT. Wireless sensor network (WSN) is an infrastructure less self-configured that can monitor environmental conditions such as vibration, temperature, wind speed, sound, pressure, and vital signs. Thus, WSNs can occur in many fields. Smart homes give a good example of that. The security concern is important, and it is an essential requirement to ensure secure data. Different attacks and privacy concerns can affect the data. Authentication is the first defence line against threats and attacks. This study proposed a new protocol based on using four factors of authentication to improve the security level in WSN to secure communications. The simulation results prove the strength of the proposed method which reflects the importance of the usage of such protocol in authentication areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the rapid increase in the interchange of text information through internet networks, the reliability and security of digital content are becoming a major research problem. Tampering detection, Content authentication, and integrity verification of digital content interchanged through the Internet were utilized to solve a major concern in information and communication technologies. The authors' difficulties were tampering detection, authentication, and integrity verification of the digital contents. This study develops an Automated Data Mining based Digital Text Document Watermarking for Tampering Attack Detection (ADMDTW-TAD) via the Internet. The DM concept is exploited in the presented ADMDTW-TAD technique to identify the document's appropriate characteristics to embed larger watermark information. The presented secure watermarking scheme intends to transmit digital text documents over the Internet securely. Once the watermark is embedded with no damage to the original document, it is then shared with the destination. The watermark extraction process is performed to get the original document securely. The experimental validation of the ADMDTW-TAD technique is carried out under varying levels of attack volumes, and the outcomes were inspected in terms of different measures. The simulation values indicated that the ADMDTW-TAD technique improved performance over other models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) is determine enormous economic openings for industries and allow stimulating innovation which obtain between domains in childcare for eldercare, in health service to energy, and in developed to transport. Cybersecurity develops a difficult problem in IoT platform whereas the presence of cyber-attack requires that solved. The progress of automatic devices for cyber-attack classifier and detection employing Artificial Intelligence (AI) andMachine Learning (ML) devices are crucial fact to realize security in IoT platform. It can be required for minimizing the issues of security based on IoT devices efficiently. Thus, this research proposal establishes novel mayfly optimized with Regularized Extreme Learning Machine technique called as MFO-RELM model for Cybersecurity Threat classification and detection fromthe cloud and IoT environments. The proposed MFORELM model provides the effective detection of cybersecurity threat which occur in the cloud and IoT platforms. To accomplish this, the MFO-RELM technique pre-processed the actual cloud and IoT data as to meaningful format. Besides, the proposed models will receive the pre-processing data and carry out the classifier method. For boosting the efficiency of the proposed models, theMFOtechnique was utilized to it. The experiential outcome of the proposed technique was tested utilizing the standard CICIDS 2017 dataset, and the outcomes are examined under distinct aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With recent advancements in information and communication technology, a huge volume of corporate and sensitive user data was shared consistently across the network, making it vulnerable to an attack that may be brought some factors under risk: data availability, confidentiality, and integrity. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) were mostly exploited in various networks to help promptly recognize intrusions. Nowadays, blockchain (BC) technology has received much more interest as a means to share data without needing a trusted third person. Therefore, this study designs a new Blockchain Assisted Optimal Machine Learning based Cyberattack Detection and Classification (BAOML-CADC) technique. In the BAOML-CADC technique, the major focus lies in identifying cyberattacks. To do so, the presented BAOML-CADC technique applies a thermal equilibrium algorithm-based feature selection (TEA-FS) method for the optimal choice of features. The BAOML-CADC technique uses an extreme learning machine (ELM) model for cyberattack recognition. In addition, a BC-based integrity verification technique is developed to defend against the misrouting attack, showing the innovation of the work. The experimental validation of BAOML-CADC algorithm is tested on a benchmark cyberattack dataset. The obtained values implied the improved performance of the BAOML-CADC algorithm over other techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Computer Vision (CV) advancements have led to many useful methodologies in recent years, particularly to help visually-challenged people. Object detection includes a variety of challenges, for example, handlingmultiple class images, images that get augmented when captured by a camera and so on. The test images include all these variants as well. These detection models alert them about their surroundings when they want to walk independently. This study compares four CNN-based pre-trainedmodels:ResidualNetwork (ResNet-50), Inception v3, DenseConvolutional Network (DenseNet-121), and SqueezeNet, predominantly used in image recognition applications. Based on the analysis performed on these test images, the study infers that Inception V3 outperformed other pre-trained models in terms of accuracy and speed. To further improve the performance of the Inception v3 model, the thermal exchange optimization (TEO) algorithm is applied to tune the hyperparameters (number of epochs, batch size, and learning rate) showing the novelty of the work. Better accuracy was achieved owing to the inclusion of an auxiliary classifier as a regularizer, hyperparameter optimizer, and factorization approach. Additionally, Inception V3 can handle images of different sizes. This makes Inception V3 the optimum model for assisting visually challenged people in real-world communication when integrated with Internet of Things (IoT)-based devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), several devices like sensors nowadays can interact and easily share information. But the IoT model is prone to security concerns as several attackers try to hit the network and make it vulnerable. In such scenarios, security concern is the most prominent. Different models were intended to address these security problems; still, several emergent variants of botnet attacks like Bashlite, Mirai, and Persirai use security breaches. The malware classification and detection in the IoT model is still a problem, as the adversary reliably generates a new variant of IoT malware and actively searches for compromise on the victim devices. This article develops a Sine Cosine Algorithm with Deep Learning based Ransomware Detection and Classification (SCADL-RWDC) method in an IoT environment. In the presented SCADL-RWDCtechnique, the major intention exists in recognizing and classifying ransomware attacks in the IoT platform. The SCADL-RWDC technique uses the SCA feature selection (SCA-FS) model to improve the detection rate. Besides, the SCADL-RWDC technique exploits the hybrid grey wolf optimizer (HGWO) with a gated recurrent unit (GRU) model for ransomware classification. A widespread experimental analysis is performed to exhibit the enhanced ransomware detection outcomes of the SCADL-RWDC technique. The comparison study reported the enhancement of the SCADL-RWDC technique over other models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of producing a natural language description of an image for describing the visual content has gained more attention in natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV). It can be driven by applications like image retrieval or indexing, virtual assistants, image understanding, and support of visually impaired people (VIP). Though the VIP uses other senses, touch and hearing, for recognizing objects and events, the quality of life of those persons is lower than the standard level. Automatic Image captioning generates captions that will be read loudly to the VIP, thereby realizing matters happening around them. This article introduces a Red Deer Optimization with Artificial Intelligence Enabled Image Captioning System (RDOAI-ICS) for Visually Impaired People. The presented RDOAI-ICS technique aids in generating image captions for VIPs. The presented RDOAIICS technique utilizes a neural architectural search network (NASNet) model to produce image representations. Besides, the RDOAI-ICS technique uses the radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) method to generate a textual description. To enhance the performance of the RDOAI-ICS method, the parameter optimization process takes place using the RDO algorithm for NasNet and the butterfly optimization algorithm (BOA) for the RBFNN model, showing the novelty of the work. The experimental evaluation of the RDOAI-ICS method can be tested using a benchmark dataset. The outcomes show the enhancements of the RDOAI-ICS method over other recent Image captioning approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) has gained more popularity in research because of its large-scale challenges and implementation. But security was the main concern when witnessing the fast development in its applications and size. It was a dreary task to independently set security systems in every IoT gadget and upgrade them according to the newer threats. Additionally, machine learning (ML) techniques optimally use a colossal volume of data generated by IoT devices. Deep Learning (DL) related systems were modelled for attack detection in IoT. But the current security systems address restricted attacks and can be utilized outdated datasets for evaluations. This study develops an Artificial Algae Optimization Algorithm with Optimal Deep Belief Network (AAA-ODBN) Enabled Ransomware Detection in an IoT environment. The presented AAAODBN technique mainly intends to recognize and categorize ransomware in the IoT environment. The presented AAA-ODBN technique follows a three-stage process: feature selection, classification, and parameter tuning. In the first stage, the AAA-ODBN technique uses AAA based feature selection (AAA-FS) technique to elect feature subsets. Secondly, the AAA-ODBN technique employs the DBN model for ransomware detection. At last, the dragonfly algorithm (DFA) is utilized for the hyperparameter tuning of the DBN technique. A sequence of simulations is implemented to demonstrate the improved performance of the AAA-ODBN algorithm. The experimental values indicate the significant outcome of the AAA-ODBN model over other models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sign language recognition can be treated as one of the efficient solutions for disabled people to communicate with others. It helps them to convey the required data by the use of sign language with no issues. The latest developments in computer vision and image processing techniques can be accurately utilized for the sign recognition process by disabled people. American Sign Language (ASL) detection was challenging because of the enhancing intraclass similarity and higher complexity. This article develops a new Bayesian Optimization with Deep Learning-Driven Hand Gesture Recognition Based Sign Language Communication (BODL-HGRSLC) for Disabled People. The BODL-HGRSLC technique aims to recognize the hand gestures for disabled people's communication. The presented BODL-HGRSLC technique integrates the concepts of computer vision (CV) and DL models. In the presented BODL-HGRSLC technique, a deep convolutional neural network-based residual network (ResNet) model is applied for feature extraction. Besides, the presented BODL-HGRSLC model uses Bayesian optimization for the hyperparameter tuning process. At last, a bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU) model is exploited for the HGR procedure. A wide range of experiments was conducted to demonstrate the enhanced performance of the presented BODL-HGRSLC model. The comprehensive comparison study reported the improvements of the BODL-HGRSLC model over other DL models with maximum accuracy of 99.75%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Text-To-Speech (TTS) is a speech processing tool that is highly helpful for visually-challenged people. The TTS tool is applied to transform the texts into human-like sounds. However, it is highly challenging to accomplish the TTS outcomes for the non-diacritized text of the Arabic language since it has multiple unique features and rules. Some special characters like gemination and diacritic signs that correspondingly indicate consonant doubling and short vowels greatly impact the precise pronunciation of the Arabic language. But, such signs are not frequently used in the texts written in the Arabic language since its speakers and readers can guess them from the context itself. In this background, the current research article introduces an Optimal Deep Learning-driven Arab Text-to-Speech Synthesizer (ODLD-ATSS) model to help the visually-challenged people in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The prime aim of the presented ODLD-ATSS model is to convert the text into speech signals for visually-challenged people. To attain this, the presented ODLD-ATSS model initially designs a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)-based prediction model for diacritic and gemination signs. Besides, the Buckwalter code is utilized to capture, store and display the Arabic texts. To improve the TSS performance of the GRU method, the Aquila Optimization Algorithm (AOA) is used, which shows the novelty of the work. To illustrate the enhanced performance of the proposed ODLD-ATSS model, further experimental analyses were conducted. The proposed model achieved a maximum accuracy of 96.35%, and the experimental outcomes infer the improved performance of the proposed ODLD-ATSS model over other DL-based TSS models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently, smart cities play a vital role to enhance the quality of living among human beings in several ways such as online shopping, e-learning, ehealthcare, etc. Despite the benefits of advanced technologies, issues are also existed from the transformation of the physical word into digital word, particularly in online social networks (OSN). Cyberbullying (CB) is a major problem in OSN which needs to be addressed by the use of automated natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) approaches. This article devises a novel search and rescue optimization with machine learning enabled cybersecurity model for online social networks, named SRO-MLCOSN model. The presented SRO-MLCOSN model focuses on the identification of CB that occurred in social networking sites. The SRO-MLCOSN model initially employs Glove technique for word embedding process. Besides, a multiclass-weighted kernel extreme learning machine (M-WKELM) model is utilized for effectual identification and categorization of CB. Finally, Search and Rescue Optimization (SRO) algorithm is exploited to fine tune the parameters involved in the M-WKELM model. The experimental validation of the SRO-MLCOSN model on the benchmark dataset reported significant outcomes over the other approaches with precision, recall, and F1-score of 96.24%, 98.71%, and 97.46% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]