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Objective: To assess if photobiomodulation (PBM) improves the efficiency of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance during the alignment stage. Methods: Eighty-nine subjects were included in this trial and randomly assigned for treatment with fixed appliance and PBM group or with fixed appliance only (control group). Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) age between 13 and 30 years, (2) permanent dentition, (3) class I malocclusion, (4) lower 6-6 mild crowding measured on dental cast, (5) no spaces or diastema in the lower arch, (6) no ectopic teeth, (7) nonextractive treatment plan, and (8) no previous orthodontic treatment. PBM was administered in the PBM group every 14 days using the ATP38® (Biotech Dental, Allée de Craponne, Salon de Provence, France) (72 J/cm2 of fluency for each session). Dental alignment was assessed by visual inspection, and treatment time was defined in days as T2 (date of assessment of complete dental alignment)-T1 (date of brackets bonding). The number of monthly scheduled appointments was also recorded. All the data underwent statistical analysis for comparison between groups. Results: Treatment time was significantly shorter (p < 0.001) in the PBM group (203 days) compared with the control (260 days). Consequently, control visits (p < 0.001) were lower in the PBM group (7) compared with the control group (9). Conclusions: The present findings would confirm that PBM can be used to enhance the efficiency of orthodontic treatment during dental decrowding.

Introduction: The treatment of a true unilateral posterior crossbite often requires asymmetric maxillary expansion; however, this is challenging to achieve with conventional expansion methods because of several biomechanical limitations. In this paper, we introduce a new protocol for the treatment of a unilateral posterior crossbite in adults based on maxillary orthodontic expansion assisted by corticotomy and low-level laser therapy (LLLT) performed on the crossbite side. Methods: The study sample included 15 adults (8 females, 7 males) affected by a true unilateral posterior crossbite, with a mean age of 21.6 ± 3.1 years at the at the beginning of treatment. After the application of orthodontic appliances (palatal expander and self-ligating brackets), corticomy was performed at the buccal aspect of the crossbite side while LLLT was monthly administered up to the correction of the crossbite. The efficacy of the technique was evaluated through measurements performed on maxillary digital models. Results: All subjects reported successful correction of the posterior unilateral crossbite, and functional occlusion was achieved as well. The average expansion was greater at the crossbite side compared to the unaffected side and such difference was significant at the levels of first premolars (P < 0.05), second premolars (P < 0.05) and first molars (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Orthodontic maxillary expansion assisted by unilateral corticotomy and LLLT was effective in the treatment of the true unilateral crossbite.

Aim. In periodontology lasers have been suggested for the photodynamic therapy (PDT): such therapy can be defined as the inactivation of cells, microorganisms, or molecules induced by light and not by heat. The aim of this study was to evaluate results of PDT using a 980 nm diode laser (Wiser Doctor Smile, Lambda SPA, Italy) combined with hydrogen peroxide, comparing a pulsed diode laser (LI) activity to a high-frequency superpulsed diode laser (LII).Materials and Methods. Primary fibroblasts and keratinocytes cell lines, isolated from human dermis, were irradiated every 48 h for 10 days using LI and LII combined with SiOxyL+™Solution (hydrogen peroxide (HP) stabilized with a glycerol phosphate complex). Two days after the last irradiation, the treated cultures were analyzed by flow cytofluorometry (FACS) and western blotting to quantify keratin 5 and keratin 8 with monoclonal antibodies reactive to cytokeratin 5 and cytokeratin 8. Antimicrobial activity was also evaluated.Results. Both experimental models show the superiority of LII against LI. In parallel, stabilized HP provided better results in the regeneration test in respect to common HP, while the biocidal activity remains comparable.Conclusion. The use of high-frequency lasers combined with stabilized hydrogen peroxide can provide optimal results for a substantial decrease of bacterial count combined with a maximal biostimulation induction of soft tissues and osteogenesis.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow are a recent source for tissue engineering. Several studies have shown that low-level laser irradiation has numerous biostimulating effects. The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the effects of Nd:Yag laser irradiation on proliferation and differentiation of MSCs induced into the osteoblastic lineage. MSCs were collected from adult human bone marrow, isolated, and cultured in complete medium (α-MEM). Subsequently, they were treated with osteogenic medium, seeded in three-dimensional collagen scaffolds, and incubated. We used six scaffolds, equally divided into three groups: two of these were irradiated with Nd:Yag laser at different power levels (15 Hz, 100 mJ, 1.5 W, and one with a power level of 15 Hz, 150 mJ, 2.25 W), and one was left untreated (control group). Evaluations with specific staining were performed at 7 and 14 days. After 7 days, proliferation was significantly increased in scaffolds treated with laser, compared with the control scaffold. After 14 days, however, laser irradiation did not appear to have any further effect on cell proliferation. As concerns differentiation, an exponential increase was observed after 14 days of laser irradiation, with respect to the control group. However, this was a pilot study with very limited sample size, we conclude, that low-level laser irradiation might lead to a reduction in healing times and potentially reduces risks of failure. © 2012 Springer-Verlag London Ltd

Diode laser is a laser, usually between 810 and 980 nm wavelength, able to work on hard and soft tissues, as periodontal tissues and bone. The use of Diode laser is recommended during oral surgery or periodontal therapy, when it is necessary to erase any periodontal bacteria evolved in periodontal disease, in combination with hydrogen peroxide (photodynamic therapy), and also, by its biostimulating effects, to improve the healing of the regenerative procedures, as sinus lift, bone crestal expansion or to assist implant surgery. This article shows two cases report in which diode lasers are evolved. Diode lasers in association with Hydrogen Peroxide on utilizing the decontaminant effects oh Photodynamic Therapy, and to prepare the area defects for a regenerative surgery.