20 results on '"Almeida, G. L."'
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2. Thermal comfort and productive responses from 7/8 dutch-gir cows submitted to the cooling system.
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Silva, M. V., Almeida, G. L. P., Pandorfi, H., Moraes, A. S., Almeida Macêdo, G. A. P., Batista, P. H. D., Silva, R. A. B., and Oliveira, M. E. G.
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THERMAL comfort , *COOLING systems , *PRINCIPAL components analysis , *EVAPORATIVE cooling , *COWS , *DAIRY cattle , *COLD-blooded animals - Abstract
Climatic conditions that are thermally inappropriate for dairy cattle are associated with a reduction in feed consumption, production, and the composition of the final product. The objective of this research was to identify the influence of the evaporative adiabatic cooling system (EACS) on the thermal comfort and productive responses of dairy cattle, through multivariate analysis by principal components, in the summer and winter seasons of the semiarid region of Pernambuco, Brazil. The data came from an experiment that included 16 multiparous lactating cows, randomly distributed in 4 sets, with 4 experimental phases and 4 treatments (0, 10, 20, and 30 min of exposure to EACS). Multivariate analysis was used utilizing principal components for the thermal comfort indexes, physiological variables, milk production, and composition. The highest milk production in the summer season was for animals exposed to the cooling system for 30 min. In the winter season in the morning shift, the use of the evaporative cooling system for 10 min was sufficient for improvements in milk production. The times of exposure to EACS caused changes in the composition of milk, both in summer and in winter. Thermal stress was characterized by a high temperature and humidity index in all treatments in the afternoon shift. The principal component analysis allowed us to identify the positive influence of evaporative cooling on thermal comfort, physiological responses, production, and composition milk of lactating cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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3. Spatial Variability of Physical Attributes of Soil in Cultivated Area with Forage Palm Resistant to Carmine Cochineal in the Northeastern Semi-arid Region
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SILVA, M. V., primary, ALMEIDA, G. L. P., additional, BATISTA, P. H. D., additional, PANDORFI, H., additional, MACÊDO, G. A. P. A., additional, MESQUITA, M., additional, and SILVA, R. A. B., additional
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- 2019
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4. Atributos físicos do neossolo regolítico distrófico sob pastagem submetido à colheita mecanizada da forragem e pastejo animal
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Nascimento, V. N., primary, Almeida, G. L. P., additional, Batista, P. H. D., additional, and Coutinho, A. S., additional
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- 2017
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5. Impairment of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 leads to compensatory mechanisms after sciatic nerve axotomy
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Freria, C. M., primary, Bernardes, D., additional, Almeida, G. L., additional, Simões, G. F., additional, Barbosa, G. O., additional, and Oliveira, A. L. R., additional
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- 2016
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6. Improving the quality of radiographic images acquired with conical radiation beams through divergence correction and filtering
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Silvani, M I, primary, Almeida, G L, additional, Latini, R M, additional, Bellido, A V B, additional, Souza, E S, additional, and Lopes, R T, additional
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- 2015
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7. Does PSA reduction after antibiotic therapy permits postpone prostate biopsy in asymptomatic men with PSA levels between 4 and 10ng/mL?
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Busato, W. F. S., primary, Almeida, G. L., additional, Geraldo, Jamylle, additional, and Busato, F. S., additional
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- 2015
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8. Absolute basophil count is associated with time to recurrence in patients with high-grade T1 bladder cancer receiving bacillus Calmette-Guérin after transurethral resection of the bladder tumor
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O. De Cobelli, Francesco Perri, Riccardo Schiavina, Francesco Cantiello, P. De Placido, Vincenzo Mirone, S. M. Di Stasi, Carlo Buonerba, Riccardo Autorino, Giuseppe Morgia, Michele Battaglia, Rocco Damiano, Guru Sonpavde, Gennaro Musi, Vincenzo Ieluzzi, Giuseppe Lucarelli, Gian Maria Busetto, Mihai Dorin Vartolomei, A Gabriele, A.R. Abu Farhan, Pierluigi Bove, Giovanna Russo, S. Perdonà, Rodolfo Hurle, Amelia Cimmino, Giorgio Guazzoni, F. Del Giudice, G. Di Lorenzo, Estevão Lima, Luca Scafuri, Nicolae Crisan, Gilberto L. Almeida, Daniela Terracciano, Dario Bruzzese, Marco Borghesi, Paolo Verze, Matteo Ferro, S.F. Shariat, Ferro M, Di Lorenzo G, Vartolomei MD, Bruzzese D, Cantiello F, Lucarelli G, Musi G, Di Stasi S, Hurle R, Guazzoni G, Busetto GM, Gabriele A, Del Giudice F, Damiano R, Perri F, Perdona S, Verze P, Borghesi M, Schiavina R, Almeida GL, Bove P, Lima E, Autorino R, Crisan N, Farhan ARA, Battaglia M, Russo GI, Ieluzzi V, Morgia G, De Placido P, Terracciano D, Cimmino A, Scafuri L, Mirone V, De Cobelli O, Shariat S, Sonpavde G, Buonerba C, Ferro, M., Di Lorenzo, G., Vartolomei, M. D., Bruzzese, D., Cantiello, F., Lucarelli, G., Musi, G., Di Stasi, S., Hurle, R., Guazzoni, G., Busetto, G. M., Gabriele, A., Del Giudice, F., Damiano, R., Perri, F., Perdona, S., Verze, P., Borghesi, M., Schiavina, R., Almeida, G. L., Bove, P., Lima, E., Autorino, R., Crisan, N., Farhan, A. R. A., Battaglia, M., Russo, G. I., Ieluzzi, V., Morgia, G., De Placido, P., Terracciano, D., Cimmino, A., Scafuri, L., Mirone, V., De Cobelli, O., Shariat, S., Sonpavde, G., and Buonerba, C.
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Male ,Time Factors ,Neutrophils ,medicine.medical_treatment ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Leukocyte Count ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immunologic ,Retrospective Studie ,80 and over ,BCG ,Aged, 80 and over ,Univariate analysis ,Intravesical ,Neutrophil ,Bladder cancer ,basophils ,bladder cancer ,Middle Aged ,Basophils ,Administration, Intravesical ,Quartile ,Local ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Administration ,BCG Vaccine ,Disease Progression ,Female ,Human ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factor ,Urology ,Cystectomy ,Follow-Up Studie ,03 medical and health sciences ,Adjuvants, Immunologic ,Basophil ,medicine ,Humans ,Adjuvants ,Cancer staging ,Aged ,Neoplasm Staging ,Retrospective Studies ,Proportional hazards model ,business.industry ,Retrospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,Follow-Up Studies ,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ,Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ,Neoplasm Recurrence ,Settore MED/24 ,business ,BCG vaccine - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Basophils, eosinophils and monocytes may be involved in BCG-induced immune responses and be associated with outcomes of bladder cancer patients receiving intravesical BCG. Our objective was to explore the association of baseline counts of basophils, eosinophils and monocytes with outcomes of patients with high-grade T1 bladder cancer receiving a standard course of intravesical BCG. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with primary T1 HG/G3 bladder cancer. After re-TURBT, patients were treated with a 6-week course of intravesical BCG induction followed by intravesical BCG every week for 3 weeks given at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 months from initiation of therapy The analysis of potential risk factors for recurrence, muscle invasion and cancer-specific and overall survival was performed using univariable Cox regression models. Those factors that presented, at univariate analysis, an association with the event at a liberal p
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- 2020
9. Systemic Inflammatory Markers and Oncologic Outcomes in Patients with High-risk Non-muscle-invasive Urothelial Bladder Cancer
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Francesco Cantiello, Vincenzo Serretta, Giuseppe Ucciero, Ottavio De Cobelli, Riccardo Autorino, Daniela Terracciano, Giorgio Guazzoni, Sisto Perdonà, Ettore De Berardinis, Paolo Verze, Antonio Cioffi, Giorgio Ivan Russo, Rocco Damiano, Vincenzo Mirone, Chiara Scafuro, Abdal Rahman Abu Farhan, Estevão Lima, Savino M. Di Stasi, Matteo Ferro, Gian Maria Busetto, Gilberto L. Almeida, Nicolae Crisan, Deliu Victor Matei, Rodolfo Hurle, Michele Battaglia, Riccardo Schiavina, Gennaro Musi, Giuseppe Morgia, Pierluigi Bove, Mihai Dorin Vartolomei, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Giuseppe Lucarelli, Marco Borghesi, Cantiello, Francesco, Russo, Giorgio I, Vartolomei, Mihai Dorin, Farhan, Abdal Rahman Abu, Terracciano, Daniela, Musi, Gennaro, Lucarelli, Giuseppe, Di Stasi, Savino M, Hurle, Rodolfo, Serretta, Vincenzo, Busetto, Gian Maria, Scafuro, Chiara, Perdonà, Sisto, Borghesi, Marco, Schiavina, Riccardo, Cioffi, Antonio, De Berardinis, Ettore, Almeida, Gilberto L, Bove, Pierluigi, Lima, Estevao, Ucciero, Giuseppe, Matei, Deliu Victor, Crisan, Nicolae, Verze, Paolo, Battaglia, Michele, Guazzoni, Giorgio, Autorino, Riccardo, Morgia, Giuseppe, Damiano, Rocco, de Cobelli, Ottavio, Mirone, Vincenzo, Shariat, Shahrokh F, Ferro, Matteo, Universidade do Minho, Cantiello F, Russo GI, Vartolomei MD, Farhan ARA, Terracciano D, Musi G, Lucarelli G, Di Stasi SM, Hurle R, Serretta V, Busetto GM, Scafuro C, Perdonà S, Borghesi M, Schiavina R, Cioffi A, De Berardinis E, Almeida GL, Bove P, Lima E, Ucciero G, Matei DV, Crisan N, Verze P, Battaglia M, Guazzoni G, Autorino R, Morgia G, Damiano R, de Cobelli O, Mirone V, Shariat SF, Ferro M, Cantiello, F., Russo, G. I., Vartolomei, M. D., Farhan, A. R. A., Terracciano, D., Musi, G., Lucarelli, G., Di Stasi, S. M., Hurle, R., Serretta, V., Busetto, G. M., Scafuro, C., Perdona, S., Borghesi, M., Schiavina, R., Cioffi, A., De Berardinis, E., Almeida, G. L., Bove, P., Lima, E., Ucciero, G., Matei, D. V., Crisan, N., Verze, P., Battaglia, M., Guazzoni, G., Autorino, R., Morgia, G., Damiano, R., de Cobelli, O., Mirone, V., Shariat, S. F., and Ferro, M.
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Oncology ,Male ,Bladder cancer ,Lymphocyte/monocyte ratio ,Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio ,Platelet/lymphocyte ratio ,Prognosis ,Aged ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Blood Platelets ,Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ,Cystectomy ,Disease Progression ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,Humans ,Inflammation ,Lymphocyte Count ,Lymphocytes ,Monocytes ,Neutrophils ,Risk Factors ,Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Lymphocyte ,Medicina Básica [Ciências Médicas] ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Monocyte ,Settore MED/24 - Urologia ,0302 clinical medicine ,Stage (cooking) ,Framingham Risk Score ,Tumor ,Neutrophil ,3. Good health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Ciências Médicas::Medicina Básica ,medicine.symptom ,Human ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Prognosi ,Urology ,Follow-Up Studie ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,Proportional hazards model ,Risk Factor ,Carcinoma ,Immunotherapy ,medicine.disease ,Blood Platelet ,Surgery ,Transitional Cell ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Background: Serum levels of neutrophils, platelets, and lymphocytes have been recognized as factors related to poor prognosis for many solid tumors, including bladder cancer (BC). Objective: To evaluate the prognostic role of the combination of the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR) in patients with high-risk non–muscle-invasive urothelial BC (NIMBC). Design, setting, and participants: A total of 1151 NMIBC patients who underwent first transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) at 13 academic institutions between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2012 were included in this analysis. The median follow-up was 48 mo. Intervention: TURBT with intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors predictive of recurrence, progression, cancer-specific mortality, and overall mortality. A systemic inflammatory marker (SIM) score was calculated based on cutoffs for NLR, PLR, and LMR. Results and limitations: The 48-mo recurrence-free survival was 80.8%, 47.35%, 20.67%, and 17.06% for patients with an SIM score of 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively (p < 0.01, log-rank test) while the corresponding 48-mo progression free-survival was 92.0%, 75.67%, 72.85%, and 63.1% (p < 0.01, log-rank test). SIM scores of 1, 2, and 3 were associated with recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 3.73, 7.06, and 7.88) and progression (HR 3.15, 4.41, and 5.83). Limitations include the lack of external validation and comparison to other clinical risk models. Conclusions: Patients with high-grade T1 stage NMIBC with high SIM scores have worse oncologic outcomes in terms of recurrence and progression. Further studies should be conducted to stratify patients according to SIM scores to identify individuals who might benefit from early cystectomy. Patient summary: In this study, we defined a risk score (the SIM score) based on the measurement of routine systemic inflammatory markers. This score can identify patients with high-grade bladder cancer not invading the muscular layer who are more likely to suffer from tumor recurrence and progression. Therefore, the score could be used to select patients who might benefit from early bladder removal. Patients with high-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (BC) experienced greater recurrence and progression according to systemic inflammatory markers. This score could be used to select patients who might benefit from early cystectomy. The availability of these biomarkers in routine clinical practice gives further relevance to identification of the prognostic role of immune cells in patients with BC. These results could be translated into clinical practice to stratify patients who might benefit from early cystectomy.
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- 2018
10. Bioecologia da ictiofauna marinha descartada pelo arrasto camaroeiro em praias da Bacia Potiguar, Brasil
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Bomfim, Aline da Costa, Costa, Simone Almeida G. L., Fragoso, Ana Bernadete Lima, and Silva, Flávio José de Lima
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CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS [CNPQ] ,Composição da ictiofauna. Estágio reprodutivo. Dieta. Atividade alimentar ,Ichthyofauna composition. Reproductive stage. Diet. Feeding activity - Abstract
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior The composition of ichthyofauna discarded by trawling shrimping, their reproductive status and feeding ecology were studied on the beaches of Basin Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Fish were collected monthly in the year of 2012. During biometrics, portions of the digestive tract and of gonads were removed, fixed in formalin 10% and Bouin, respectively, for be submitted to histological processing by the techniques of hematoxylin-eosin. Stomach content analyzes were performed using the methods of Frequency of Occurrence and Volumetric and was calculated the repletion index. Throughout the study period were recorded a total of 49 species. The fish assemblages differed between sections monitoring, with the highest abundance, biomass and indices of richness and diversity in sections B, D and C. Already the excerpt A, showed higher values for dominance and equitability. In the cluster analysis according to the faunal similarity was observed the formation of three groups: group I formed by excerpts B and D, group II by excerpt C and group III formed by excerpt A. The assessment of reproductive stage revealed that the fish assemblages discarded by trawling are composed mainly of juveniles. Regarding the feeding ecology, the species Larimus breviceps, Menticirrhus littoralis and Pomadasys corvinaeformis characterized as carnivorous with tendency to carcinofagia. Already Conodon nobilis characterized as carnivorous with tendency to piscivory, but all proved generalist-opportunistic with increase of feeding activity during drought. The dendrogram of grouping of the species developed based on the food items used shows the formation of four groups: Group I consists of species that feed mainly of "gastropod" and "sediment"; group II of "teleost fish"; the group III of "crustacea" and group IV of "echinodermata" and "bivalve". The anatomical and histological characteristics of the digestive tract were consistent with the dietary habits of the analyzed species. In this context, the Costa Branca of Rio Grande do Norte can be considered a feeding site and recruitment for juveniles, which, opportunistically, utilize resources associated with the background A composição da ictiofauna descartada pelo arrasto camaroeiro, sua fase reprodutiva e ecologia alimentar foram estudadas nas praias da Bacia Potiguar, Brasil. Os peixes foram coletados mensalmente, no ano de 2012. Durante as biometrias, porções do tubo digestório e das gônadas foram retiradas, fixadas em formol a 10% e Bouin, respectivamente, para serem submetidas ao tratamento histológico pelas técnicas de Hematoxilina-Eosina. Foram realizadas as análises de conteúdo estomacal através dos Métodos de Frequência de Ocorrência e Volumétrico e foi calculado o Índice de Repleção. Ao longo do período de estudo foram registrados um total de 49 espécies. As assembleias de peixes diferiram entre os trechos de monitoramento, com maior valor de abundância, biomassa e dos índices de riqueza e diversidade nos trechos B, C e D. Já o trecho A, apresentou maiores valores para dominância e equitabilidade. Na análise de Cluster de acordo com a similaridade faunística, observou-se a formação de três grupos: o grupo I formado pelos trechos B e D, o grupo II composto pelo trecho C e o grupo III formado pelo trecho A. A avaliação do estágio reprodutivo revelou que as assembleias de peixes descartadas pelos arrastos são compostas principalmente por juvenis. Em relação a ecologia alimentar, as espécies Larimus breviceps, Menticirrhus littoralis e Pomadasys corvinaeformis caracterizaram-se como carnívoras com tendência a carcinofagia. Já Conodon nobilis caracterizou-se como carnívora com tendência a piscivoria, porém todas se revelaram generalistas oportunistas e com maior atividade alimentar durante a estiagem. O dendograma de agrupamento das espécies com base nos itens alimentares ingeridos demonstrou a formação de quatro grupos: O grupo I composto por espécies que se alimentam principalmente de gastrópode e sedimento ; o grupo II de teleósteo ; o grupo III de crustacea e o grupo IV de equinodermata e bivalve . As características morfohistológicas do tubo digestório das espécies analisadas mostraram-se consistentes com seus hábitos alimentares. Assim, a Costa Branca do Rio Grande do Norte pode ser considerada um sítio de alimentação e recrutamento para peixes juvenis, os quais se utilizam oportunisticamente de recursos associados com o fundo
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- 2014
11. Tartarugas marinhas da Bacia Potiguar/RN: diagnóstico, biologia alimentar e ameaças
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Farias, Daniel Solon Dias de, Costa, Simone Almeida G. L., Fragoso, Ana Bernadete Lima, and Silva, Flávio José de Lima
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Strandings. Diet. Histology. Anthropogenic activities ,CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS [CNPQ] ,Encalhes. Dieta. Histologia. Ações antropogênicas - Abstract
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior This work aimed to study the diversity and distribution of marine sea turtles stranded in Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte, as well as aspects related to feeding behavior associated with human impacts. The study was conducted through the analysis of data from stranded animals, recorded in a daily monitoring in an area bounded on the north by the municipality of Aquiraz, in the state of Ceará, and the east by the municipality of Caicara do Norte, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Stranded dead animals were necropsied and for the analysis of the diet of animals, esophagus, stomach and intestines were fixed in 10% formalin and after that, the stomach contents were sorted and stored in 70% alcohol. Representative fragments of these organs were removed for making histological slides, with a view to histological characterization of the digestive tract. 2.046 occurrences of turtles were recorded during the period from 01/01/2010 to 31/12/2012. The Chelonia mydas species showed the highest number of records and it was observed in 66.81 % (N = 1,367) of cases; followed by Eretmochelys imbricata with 4.45 % (N = 91) and by Lepidochelys olivacea with 1.22% (N = 25). The Caretta caretta and Dermochelys coriacea species were, respectively, 0.93 % (N = 19) and 0.05 % (N = 1) records of strandings. In 26.54 % of cases, it was not possible to identify the species. Regarding the spatial distribution, the stretch A was the one that had the highest number of strandings and a larger number of records were registered in the warm months of the year. The dietary analysis showed that C. mydas fed preferentially on algae; C. caretta had a diet with a predominance of the item "coral´s fragments" and E. imbricata species showed preference for an animal origin material. Related to this anthropic interaction, 57.14 % (n = 76) of animals that died at the rehabilitation s base, showed cause of death due to complications from ingesting debris. According to the data presented, the Potiguar Basin presents itself as an area with important diversity and distribution of marine sea turtle as well is characterized as a feeding and nidification area for these species Este trabalho objetivou estudar a diversidade e distribuição das tartarugas marinhas encalhadas na Bacia Potiguar, RN, bem como os aspectos relacionados ao comportamento alimentar associados aos impactos antrópicos. O estudo foi realizado com animais encalhados, registrados por monitoramento diário, na área delimitada a noroeste pelo município de Aquiraz, Ceará, e a leste pelo município de Caiçara do Norte, RN. Os animais encalhados mortos foram necropsiados e coletados esôfago, estômago e intestinos, fixados em formol a 10%, sendo posteriormente o conteúdo estomacal triado e armazenado. Destes mesmos órgãos foram retirados fragmentos para confecção de lâminas histológicas. Foram registradas 2.046 ocorrências de tartarugas marinhas durante o período de 01/01/2010 a 31/12/2012. A espécie Chelonia mydas apresentou o maior número de registros (66,81%, N = 1.367); seguido de Eretmochelys imbricata (4,45%, N = 91) e Lepidochelys olivacea com 1,22% (N = 25). Caretta caretta e Dermochelys coriacea apresentaram, respectivamente, 0,93% (N = 19) e 0,05% (N = 1) registros. Tanto a distribuição espacial, como a temporal, variaram evidenciando maior ocorrência de encalhes no trecho A- Grossos-RN/Icapuí-CE e um maior número de registros nos meses quentes do ano. A análise da dieta das tartarugas demonstrou que Chelonia mydas alimentou-se preferencialmente de algas; Caretta caretta de resto calcário e Moluscos e E. imbricata de material de origem animal. Dos animais que vieram a óbito, 57,14% (n = 76) apresentaram como causa mortis à ingestão de detritos. A análise da histologia demonstra que o esôfago apresenta papilas esofágicas, revestidas de epitélio pavimentoso estratificado queratinizado, igualmente a mucosa deste órgão. Ausência de sub mucosa e camada muscular com músculos estriados e liso em diferentes direções. Estômago e intestino apresentam as quatro camadas: mucosa, submucosa, muscular e serosa, com destaque para as fossetas gástricas no estômago e a presença de vilos nos intestinos. De acordo com os dados apresentados, a Bacia Potiguar apresenta-se como uma área de grande diversidade de espécies de tartarugas marinhas, sendo caracterizada como área de alimentação para essas espécies
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- 2014
12. Ecologia alimentar e reprodutiva da piaba-do-rabo-amarelo, Astyanax cf. lacustris (Reinhardt, 1874) (Osteichthyes: Characidae) na Lagoa do Piató, Assu, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
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Silva, Danyelle Alves da, Chellappa, Naithirithi Tiruvenkatachary, Val, Vera Maria da Fonseca de Almeida e, Costa, Simone Almeida G. L., and Chellappa, Sathyabama
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Lagoa ,CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS [CNPQ] ,Dieta ,Peixe ,Reprodução - Abstract
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior The feeding habits and biological aspects of the reproductive cycle of two-spot astyanax, Astyanax cf. lacustris (Reinhardt, 1874) were investigated. Fish samples were captured on a monthly basis, using gillnets of 4 cm mesh size, from the Piató Lake, Assu, Rio Grande do Norte, during the period of September, 2006 to August, 2007. Physico-chemical parameters, such as, temperature, electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen of the lake were registered. The monthly values of rainfall also were obtained. The 360 individuals captured, were measured, weighed, dissected, and stomach weight and the stage of gonadal maturity were registered. The stomach contents analyses were carried out based on volumetric method, points, frequency of occurrence and applying the Index of Relative Importance. The degrees of repletion of the stomachs were determined besides the Index of Repletion relating to feeding activity variations and frequency of ingestion with limnological parameters and rainfall. The food items identified were separated into distinct groups according to their origin. Sex ratio and Gonadosomatic Relation of females were verified to determine the spawning period and fecundity. The physico-chemical parameters presented the following annual mean values: temperature = 28.8ºC, electrical conductivity = 992.5 µS.cm-1; dissolved oxygen = 4.9 mg.L-1 during the study period. The annual mean of the rainfall was 63.5 mm. The results indicate that this species present an omnivorous feeding habit with a tendency towards insectivory, with an increase in feeding activity during the dry season. The aquatic oxygen to interfere very importance in the feeding activity than the others factors physico-chemicals of water and rainfall. There was a predominance of females, with a sex proportion of 1M:7F. The macroscopic characteristics of the ovaries and testicles revealed four stages of gonadal development: immature, maturing, mature and spent. A temporal variation was observed for the gonadal development of males and females. There was reproductive activity through out the year, with peaks in the months of February, April and June to correspond with the rain of precipitation of the region. The mean fecundity was 7.681 mature oocytes, varying from 4.476 to 12.036, with mean of 7.681. There was positive relation between fecundity and body mass. Condition Factor is not an efficient indicator of the reproductive period of this species. The species A. cf. lacustris is an opportunist and is well adapted to the conditions of the semi-arid Caatinga Biome O regime alimentar e os aspectos biológicos do ciclo reprodutivo da piaba-do-rabo-amarelo, Astyanax cf. lacustris (Reinhardt, 1874) foram investigados. Os exemplares foram capturados mensalmente, utilizando-se rede de espera com malha de 4 cm entrenós, na Lagoa do Piató, Assu, Rio Grande do Norte, no período de setembro de 2006 a agosto de 2007. Foram registrados os aspectos físico-químicos, tais como, temperatura, condutividade elétrica e oxigênio dissolvido da lagoa. Os valores mensais de pluviosidade também foram obtidos. Os 360 espécimes capturados foram medidos, pesados, dissecados e registrados o peso do estômago e escala de maturidade gonadal. A análise do conteúdo estomacal foi realizada de acordo com o método volumétrico, de pontos e o método de freqüência de ocorrência, associados ao índice de importância alimentar. Os estômagos tiveram o grau de repleção determinado e calculado o Índice de Repleção, relacionando a atividade alimentar com a pluviosidade e os fatores limnológicos. Os itens alimentares identificados foram separados em grupos distintos de acordo com a sua origem. As variações temporais do desenvolvimento gonadal, a proporção sexual e a Relação Gonadossomática das fêmeas foram avaliadas mensalmente e estabelecidos o período reprodutivo e a fecundidade. Os parâmetros físico-químicos apresentaram os seguintes valores médios anuais: temperatura = 28,8 ºC; condutividade elétrica = 992,5 µS.cm-1; oxigênio dissolvido = 4,9 mg.L-1 durante o período de estudo. A pluviosidade média anual para a região estudada foi de 63,5 mm. Os resultados indicaram que a espécie apresenta hábito alimentar onívoro, com tendência à insetivoria, ocorrendo um aumento da atividade alimentar durante a estiagem. O oxigênio dissolvido teve maior influência na alimentação do que os outros fatores físico-químicos e a pluviosidade. A proporção de fêmeas foi superior a de machos (1M:7F). Os aspectos macroscópicos das gônadas indicaram 4 estádios de maturidade, sendo: imaturo, em maturação, maduro e esvaziado. Houve variação temporal entre os sexos quanto aos estádios de desenvolvimento gonadal. A espécie apresentou atividade reprodutiva o ano inteiro com picos nos meses de fevereiro, abril e junho que coincidiam com a precipitação pluviométrica da região. A fecundidade apresentou uma amplitude de 4.476 a 12.036 ovócitos maduros, com média de 7.681. A relação entre fecundidade e massa corporal foi positiva. O fator de condição demonstrou não ser um indicador eficiente do período reprodutivo para esta espécie. A espécie A cf. lacustris é oportunista e bem adaptada às condições do semi-árido do Bioma Caatinga
- Published
- 2008
13. Padrão de atividades do sagüi callithrix jacchus numa área de caatinga
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Martins, Ismênia Gurgel, Souza, Arrilton Araújo de, Miranda, Maria de Fátima Arruda de, and Costa, Simone Almeida G. L.
- Subjects
Common marmosets ,Callithrix jacchus ,Bioma Caatinga ,CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA::COMPORTAMENTO ANIMAL [CNPQ] ,Sagüi callithrix jacchus ,Animal behavioral ,Comportamento animal ,Caatinga - Abstract
Callithrix jacchus, as the other species in the family Callitrichidae, lives in social groups. The groups cam be found in different habitats, whose distinct floristic physiognomies and communities are intrinsically related to their behavioral ecology and social relations. Our objective was to describe the social relations and feeding behavior of Callithrix jacchus in the Bioma Caatinga. We observed a group at the FLONA (National Forest IBAMA), in Açu-RN, in northeastern Brazil, compose of five adults (2 females and 3 males) at the beginning of the study. The birth of five animals was registered along the study. The following behavioral categories were registered along eleven months, once a week, through instantaneous focal animal sampling: social grooming, contact, proximity, foraging, feeding, locomotion and rest. Foraging presented the highest levels comparing to other activities, and was more frequent in the dry season. Social grooming was the second more frequent activity, with higher levels in the rainy season, and between the reproductive couple. We found similar results for proximity. The most explored feeding item was the gum, specially in the rainy season. The most explored species for exudates feeding were Cirus limon (limão) and Pitecolobiun foliolosum (jurema branca). The comparision of fruit and insect ingestion between the seasons showed higher percentage for both in the dry season. The general activity pattern was similar to what is registeded in groups the inhabit the Atlantic Forest. These results indicate the flexibility of the species which survives and reproduces in such physically and biologically different environments Callithrix jacchus é um primata da família Callitrichidae que vive em grupos sociais. Pode ser encontrado em vários tipos de habitat, cujas fisionomias e comunidades florísticas distintas estão intrinsecamente relacionadas com a ecologia comportamental e relações sociais. Nosso objetivo foi descrever as relações sociais e hábitos alimentares do sagüi Callithrix jacchus no Bioma Caatinga. Observamos um grupo de sagüi na Floresta Nacional de Açu-IBAMA/RN, composto no início do estudo por cinco animais adultos, 2 fêmeas e 3 machos. Foi registrado o nascimento de 5 filhotes ao longo do estudo. A técnica de amostragem foi o animal focal, ao longo de 11 meses, uma vez/semana, com registro das seguintes categorias comportamentais: catação social, contato, proximidade, forrageio, ingestão, locomoção e descanso. O forrageio foi a atividade mais realizada pelos animais, sendo significativamente mais freqüente na seca. Já a catação social, foi significativamente mais elevada no período chuvoso, e com os maiores índices entre os reprodutores. Esse mesmo padrão foi observado com relação a proximidade. O alimento mais ingerido pelo grupo foi o exsudado, sendo mais expressivo no período chuvoso. A espécie vegetal mais procurada foi o limão Cirus limon e a jurema branca Pitecolobium foliolosum. Quando comparada a ingestão de frutos e insetos ao longo das estações, foram observados níveis mais elevados no período seco. O padrão de atividades do grupo foi de um modo geral, semelhante ao registrado em grupos estudados em ambiente de Mata Atlântica, o que indica a flexibilidade da espécie, que sobrevive e se reproduz em ambientes tão diferentes física e biologicamente
- Published
- 2006
14. Variação diária e anual de freqüência e atividade do Boto Cinza Sotalia guianensis em Pipa, Nordeste do Brasil
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Silveira, Fernando Roberto Guilherme, Costa, Simone Almeida G. L., Chellappa, Sathyabama, and Silva, Flávio José de Lima
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Boto cinza ,Sazonalidade ,Daily variation ,Sotalia guianensis ,CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA::COMPORTAMENTO ANIMAL [CNPQ] ,Sazonality ,Animal behavioral ,Comportamento animal ,Variação diária ,Estuarine dolphin - Abstract
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior The aim of this study was to investigate the daily and annual variation in frequency and in activity of an estuarine dolphin population, Sotalia guianensis, in Brazilian northeastern. Thus we estimated the daily variation and seasonality in frequency of adult and immature and in behavior of socialization, aerial activity, foraging of a boto equatorial population in the Curral inlet (6º13 00 S; 35º3 36 W). We detect some variation. Thus we associate the daily variation with daily period, tide fluctuation and annual season. And the seasonality variation we associate with the fotoperíodo and precipitation variation. From October 1999 to September 2003, through collect four times at month, we made instantaneous record at each five minute in six hours of survey. The surveys hours were ranged into light time of 24 hours, that is, between 06:00 and 17:00 o clock. These observations were developed simultaneous for two observers in a land-based survey at coastline cliff top of which observer have a fully visualization of whole inlet. We found that animals were more active and frequent during the morning. They were more active during low tide than high tide. However they did not show association with tide. We found yet that in a period from June to November (winter-spring) there was the highest socialization, aerial activity and foraging frequency. However adult and immature individual number did not have significance variation along the year. The larger concentration of this behaviors were not associate with photoperiod neither precipitation in the region. These results showed the existence of behavioral daily variation and seasonality in a species that live in equatorial region Neste estudo avaliamos a variação diária e anual na freqüência de adultos e imaturos e nos comportamentos de socialização, atividade aérea e forrageio numa população de boto cinza, Sotalia guianensis, na Enseada do Curral (6º13 00 S; 35º3 36 W), no nordeste brasileiro. Após detectarmos algumas variações procuramos associá-las a parâmetros ambientais. Associamos as variações diárias ao período do dia, às variações da maré e ao período do ano; e as sazonais, a variação do fotoperíodo e da precipitação. De Outubro de 1999 a Setembro de 2003, através de coletas quatro vezes ao mês, efetuaram-se registros instantâneos a cada 5min, em seis horas de observação. As horas de observação estiveram inseridas dentro da fase clara das 24 horas, ou seja, no intervalo das 06:00 h as 17:00 h. Essas observações eram realizadas simultaneamente por dois observadores, num ponto fixo no alto da falésia a partir do qual visualizava-se toda a enseada. Observamos que os animais são mais ativos e freqüentes pela manhã. Não apresentaram associação com a maré, apesar de apresentarem maior atividade na maré baixa e menor atividade na maré alta. Quanto à sazonalidade, observamos ainda, que no período de junho a novembro (inverno e primavera) houve maior freqüência dos comportamentos de socialização, atividade aérea e forrageio embora o número de indivíduos (adultos e imaturos) não tenha variado significativamente ao longo do ano. A maior concentração desses comportamentos não foi associada ao fotoperíodo e nem à precipitação na região. Desses resultados, mostramos a existência de variação diária e sazonalidade comportamental nesta espécie, mesmo nas regiões equatoriais
- Published
- 2006
15. Horizontal-plane arm movements with direction reversals performed by normal individuals and individuals with down syndrome.
- Author
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Almeida GL, Corcos DM, and Hasan Z
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Elbow physiopathology, Female, Humans, Kinetics, Male, Reference Values, Shoulder physiopathology, Time Factors, Torque, Arm physiopathology, Down Syndrome physiopathology, Movement
- Abstract
We examined the systematic variation in shoulder and elbow torque, as well as movement kinematics, for horizontal-plane arm movements with direction reversals performed by normal individuals and individuals with Down syndrome. Eight neurologically normal individuals and eight individuals with Down syndrome performed horizontal, planar reversal movements to four different target locations. The four locations of the targets were chosen such that there is a systematic increase in elbow interaction torque for each of the four different target locations. This systematic increase in interaction torque has previously been shown to lead to progressively larger movement reversal errors, and trajectories that do not show a sharp reversal of direction, for movements to and from the target in patients who have proprioceptive abnormalities. We computed joint torques at the elbow and shoulder and found a high correlation between elbow and shoulder torque for the neurologically normal subjects. The ratio of joint torques varied systematically with target location. These findings extend previously reported findings of a linear synergy between shoulder and elbow joints for a variety of point-to-point movements. There was also a correlation between elbow and shoulder torque in individuals with Down syndrome, but the magnitude of the correlation was less. The ratio of joint torques changed systematically with target direction in individuals with Down syndrome but was slightly different from the ratio observed for neurologically normal individuals. The difference in the ratio was caused by the generation of proportionately more elbow torque than shoulder torque. The fingertip path of individuals with Down syndrome showed a sharp reversal in moving toward and then away from the target. In this respect, they were similar to neurologically normal individuals but dissimilar to individuals with proprioceptive deficits. Finally, we observed that individuals with Down syndrome spend proportionately more time in the vicinity of the target than normal individuals. Collectively these results show that there is a systematic relationship between joint torques at the elbow and shoulder. This relationship is present for reversal movements and is also present in individuals with Down syndrome.
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- 2000
- Full Text
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16. Directional control of planar human arm movement.
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Gottlieb GL, Song Q, Almeida GL, Hong DA, and Corcos D
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- Humans, Joints physiology, Kinetics, Linear Models, Torque, Arm physiology, Movement physiology
- Abstract
We examined the patterns of joint kinematics and torques in two kinds of sagittal plane reaching movements. One consisted of movements from a fixed initial position with the arm partially outstretched, to different targets, equidistant from the initial position and located according to the hours of a clock. The other series added movements from different initial positions and directions and >40-80 cm distances. Dynamic muscle torque was calculated by inverse dynamic equations with the gravitational components removed. In making movements in almost every direction, the dynamic components of the muscle torques at both the elbow and shoulder were related almost linearly to each other. Both were similarly shaped, biphasic, almost synchronous and symmetrical pulses. These findings are consistent with our previously reported observations, which we termed a linear synergy. The relative scaling of the two joint torques changes continuously and regularly with movement direction. This was confirmed by calculating a vector defined by the dynamic components of the shoulder and elbow torques. The vector rotates smoothly about an ellipse in intrinsic, joint torque space as the direction of hand motion rotates about a circle in extrinsic Cartesian space. This confirms a second implication of linear synergy that the scaling constant between the linearly related joint torques is directionally dependent. Multiple linear regression showed that the torque at each joint scales as a simple linear function of the angular displacement at both joints, in spite of the complex nonlinear dynamics of multijoint movement. The coefficients of this function are independent of the initial arm position and movement distance and are the same for all subjects. This is an unanticipated finding. We discuss these observations in terms of the hypothesis that voluntary, multiple degrees of freedom, rapid reaching movements may use rule-based, feed-forward control of dynamic joint torque. Rule-based control of joint torque with separate dynamic and static controllers is an alternative to models such as those based on the equilibrium point hypotheses that rely on a positionally based controller to produce both dynamic and static torque components. It is also an alternative to feed-forward models that directly solve the problems of inverse dynamics. Our experimental findings are not necessarily incompatible with any of the alternative models, but they describe new, additional findings for which we need to account. The rules are chosen by the nervous system according to features of the kinematic task to couple muscle contraction at the shoulder and elbow in a linear synergy. Speed and load control preserves the relative magnitudes of the dynamic torques while directional control is accomplished by modulating them in a differential manner. This control system operates in parallel with a positional control system that solves the problems of postural stability.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
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17. Multidimensional assessment of motor function in a child with cerebral palsy following intrathecal administration of baclofen.
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Almeida GL, Campbell SK, Girolami GL, Penn RD, and Corcos DM
- Subjects
- Activities of Daily Living, Cerebral Palsy physiopathology, Child, Double-Blind Method, Electromyography, Humans, Injections, Spinal, Male, Range of Motion, Articular drug effects, Time Factors, Baclofen therapeutic use, Cerebral Palsy drug therapy, Motor Skills drug effects, Muscle Relaxants, Central therapeutic use
- Abstract
This case report describes an 11-year-old boy with spastic diplegia whose reflex status, range of motion (ROM), strength, and motor performance were measured before and after implantation of an indwelling system for delivery of intrathecally administered baclofen. Before baclofen use, the subject experienced clonus that interfered with walking, needed assistance with transfers, and was unable to independently put on underwear and socks. Measures of spasticity, kinematics and electromyographic activity during voluntary movements, ROM, Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) scores, and self-reports of change were obtained at baseline, before and after bolus baclofen injection, during a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of baclofen administration via an indwelling pump, and after 1 and 2 years of baclofen therapy. Spasticity, Babinski reflexes, clonus, strength, and coactivation of antagonist muscles during voluntary movement were decreased shortly after baclofen administration began. Hip and ankle ROM increased, upper-extremity movement speed increased, independence in dressing and transfers improved, and orthoses were discarded. After 1 and 2 years, GMFM scores were 7.8% and 6.4% above baseline, respectively; the subject won a fitness award. After 2 years, ROM was worse than at baseline and concerns regarding hip subluxation arose. Single-joint movement control and independence improved and spasticity decreased during baclofen administration.
- Published
- 1997
- Full Text
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18. Paradoxical effects of practice of fast single-joint movements.
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Almeida GL and Latash ML
- Subjects
- Adult, Electromyography, Female, Humans, Male, Elbow Joint physiology, Learning, Motor Skills, Muscle, Skeletal physiology
- Abstract
We studied the effects of extensive practice of fast, unidirectional, single-joint elbow flexions against a small extending torque bias upon the kinematic and electromyographic (EMG) characteristics of the movements as well as upon the reconstructed hypothetical control patterns (equilibrium trajectories). The subjects were tested at different distances, both with and without the bias torque prior to and after the practice sessions. The basic finding was paradoxical: The subjects did not improve their performance at the practiced task (against the bias) and at other distances in the same condition; however, they showed an increase in movement speed and a decrease in movement time at all distances in unpracticed conditions (without the bias). Changes in the EMG patterns were similar in both conditions. We hypothesize that the principle of learning the dynamics of interaction with the experimental setup in combination with a very steep learning curve form the basis for the observed paradoxical effects of practice. The equilibrium-point hypothesis of movement control provides the least controversial description of these effects as compared to the force-control and EMG-control approaches.
- Published
- 1995
19. The effects of intrathecally administered baclofen on function in patients with spasticity.
- Author
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Campbell SK, Almeida GL, Penn RD, and Corcos DM
- Subjects
- Activities of Daily Living, Baclofen administration & dosage, Humans, Injections, Spinal, Muscle Spasticity physiopathology, Muscle, Skeletal drug effects, Baclofen therapeutic use, Muscle Spasticity drug therapy
- Abstract
The purpose of this article is to review the literature on the effects of intrathecally administered baclofen on impairment in spasticity and muscle activation patterns, on functional limitations in mobility and self-care, and on disability in daily life roles. We found plentiful evidence of improvement in spasticity, spasms, and bladder function and some reports of improved patterns of muscle activation and kinematics of single-joint movement. Improved ability to accomplish transfers, self-care, and locomotion is less consistently studied but has also been reported in about 60% to 70% of patients. Evidence of improved quality of life is primarily anecdotal but may be found in 10% to 30% of patients. We conclude that research protocols should be developed to clarify effects on control of voluntary movement, functional limitations, and quality of life.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
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20. Practice and transfer effects during fast single-joint elbow movements in individuals with Down syndrome.
- Author
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Almeida GL, Corcos DM, and Latash ML
- Subjects
- Acceleration, Adolescent, Deceleration, Electromyography, Female, Humans, Latency Period, Psychological, Male, Motor Skills, Muscle Contraction physiology, Time Factors, Down Syndrome physiopathology, Down Syndrome rehabilitation, Elbow Joint physiopathology, Exercise Therapy methods, Motor Activity physiology
- Abstract
Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of prolonged practice of a simple motor task (a fast, unidirectional single-joint movement) on different indexes of motor performance in individuals with Down syndrome., Subjects: Eight individuals with Down syndrome were tested before and after practice involving 1,100 movements., Methods: The test consisted of three series of elbow flexion movements. In the first series, the subjects were asked to move "as fast as possible" over four distances. In the second series, the subjects moved over one distance at a "comfortable speed." The initial position of the elbow joint for these two series of movements was 55 degrees into flexion (full elbow extension equals 0 degrees). In the third series, the subjects were also asked to move "as fast as possible" over two distances, but from another initial elbow position (73 degrees into flexion)., Results: After training over a 2-week period, all subjects improved their performance on all tasks as reflected by both kinematic and electromyographic data. In particular, they increased the quantity of the agonist activity, decreased the antagonist onset latency, and doubled their peak velocity. They were able to transfer the improvement in their performance to the nontrained distances and to the different starting position. Subjects decreased their movement time by proportionally decreasing both the acceleration and deceleration times., Conclusion and Discussion: This study supports the idea that subjects with Down syndrome can use patterns of muscle activation that are qualitatively indistinguishable from those used by individuals who are neurologically normal. With appropriate training, individuals with Down syndrome achieved similar levels of motor performance to that described in the literature for individuals who are neurologically normal.
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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