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An alteration in head position, which effects cerebral blood flow, may increase the risk for intraventricular hemorrhage in the critically ill infant. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vivo cerebral oxidative metabolism as an index of tissue oxygen delivery reflecting brain blood flow, in healthy preterm and term infants following a change in head position. Cerebral phosphoenergetics using 31 phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were measured in 10 preterm and eight term infants following three different head positions neutral, prone, and supine. All infants were clinically stable at the time of study. The phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate ratio, an indicator of bioenergetic reserve, was determined. The mean ± SD for phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate ratio in the neutral position in preterm and term infants was 1.08 ± 0.15 and 1.12 ± 0.21, respectively, and did not change significantly following head turning. These data suggest that any alteration in cerebral blood flow as a result of a change in head position in the healthy neonate may be compensated by physiological and biochemical regulations so that no changes in brain oxidative phosphorylation are measurable.