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Our aim was to develop communication support material for information sharing related to an 18F-FDG PET/CT examination. Methods: The study had a qualitative design adapting a multiphase structure. A prototype of communication support material consisting of illustrations and text related to an 18F-FDG PET/CT examination was developed. Interviews were conducted with patients scheduled for an 18F-FDG PET/CT examination for the first time, and questionnaires were collected from health care professionals with experience in 18F-FDG PET/CT. The communication support material was revised until consensus was reached about it. Results: The results are based on interviews with patients (n = 10) and questionnaires collected from health care professionals (n = 9). The overall theme revealed that patient information about an 18F-FDG PET/CT examination is a balancing act between text and illustrations. The analysis showed 2 categories: "illustrations as a complement" and "easy-to-understand layout." Conclusion: The participants strengthened the development of the communication support material by bringing in valuable viewpoints from various perspectives. The results support a person-centered approach in which information about an 18F-FDG PET/CT examination can be adapted to each patient's needs as a balancing act between text and illustrations.

Introduction Person-centred care (PCC) emphasises the need for the health care professional to prioritise individual patient needs, thereby fostering a collaborative and emphatic environment that empowers patients to actively participate in their own care. This article will explore the purpose of PCC in Nuclear Medicine (NM), while discussing strategies that may be used to implement PCC during diagnostic NM examinations performed on adult patients. Methods The scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. The search was performed on PubMed, Embase and Cinhal in June 2023 and included studies in English, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian. The research equation combined keywords and Medical Subject Heading terms (MeSH) related to person-centred care (PCC), for all types of nuclear medicine diagnostic examinations performed. Three independent review authors screened all abstracts and titles, and all eligible full-text publications were included in this scoping review. Results Fifty-three articles, published between 1993 and 2022, met the inclusion criteria for this scoping review. Seven articles were published in 2015 while 56.6 % of all included studies were performed in Europe. Most studies (n = 39/53) focused on the patients only, with the identified patient benefits being: improve patient experience (67.9 %), increase patient comfort (13.2 %), increase patient knowledge (5.7 %), reduction of patient anxiety (9.4 %) and reduction of waiting/scan time (3.8 %). Conclusion The scoping review identified a lack of research investigating the use of person-centred care strategies in NM. Future research will focus on using an international survey to explore this topic in nuclear medicine departments overseas. Implications for practice By applying PCC principles, the NM professional can improve the patient care pathway and increase patient satisfaction, leading to enhanced clinical outcomes.

Associations between the annual stem basal area increment growth and soil moisture, nitrogen deposition, ground level ozone exposure, air temperatures and the timing of the start of the growing season have been investigated for a twenty four-year period, 1990-2013, based on tree-ring width measurements from seventeen monitoring sites with Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests in southern Sweden. The stem growth-environment associations were analyzed using a fixed effect regression model, with annual stem basal area increment (BAI) as the dependent variable and annual values for a soil moisture index, ozone exposure estimated as AOT30, bulk deposition of nitrogen, summed air temperatures above a threshold and the timing of the start of the growing season as explanatory variables. The statistical analysis was made with and without taking clustering of the sampled trees into account, i.e. that several different tree observations were made at the same monitoring site. The annual number of days with soil moisture below a threshold was the only explanatory variable that could be demonstrated to be negatively associated with changes in BAI, regardless of statistical approach. Positive associations between temperature sums as well as nitrogen deposition with changes in BAI were indicated by low p values using standard p-values, but not when clustering was taken into consideration. Associations between ozone exposure as well as the start date of the growing season with changes in BAI could not be demonstrated since the estimated p values were high regardless of statistical approach. The results show that soil water deficit may considerably limit forest growth in northern European forests.

Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) can arise in different locations in the body, and may give rise to hormonal symptoms, which amongst other factors may affect patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Up to four cycles of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) have been shown effective for symptom alleviation and prolonging progression-free survival. The aim of this study was to assess the patient's perspective regarding changes in their HRQoL during PRRT. HRQoL was assessed using the questionnaires for cancer in general, EORTC QLQ-C30, and the gastrointestinal NET-specifically EORTC QLQ-GINET21. Patients with NET (n = 204) rated their HRQoL before PRRT cycles one and four. The medical records of patients were reviewed and their HRQoL was compared to a matched reference population (n = 4910). HRQoL was found to improve during PRRT in aspects of global quality of life; role, social, and emotional functioning, and multiple symptom relief. Potential risk groups for worse HRQoL during PRRT were patients with overweight (BMI >25) who completed four cycles of PRRT and older patients (>65 years old). In conclusion, we found that PRRT improves HRQoL in patients with NETs. The results of this study may be used to improve person-centred care.

Naturvårdsverket ansvarar för den nationella luftövervakningen i bakgrundsmiljö. I rapporten redovisas resultat från verksamheten inom Programområde Luft avseende mätningar (genomförda av IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet (IVL), Institutionen för Miljövetenskap vid Stockholms universitet (SU), Institutionen för Mark och Miljö vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU), Chalmers tekniska högskola och Sveriges meteorologiska och hydrologiska institut (SMHI) till och med 2021 samt regionala modellberäkningar (utförda av SMHI) till och med 2020. För flertalet av de luftföroreningskomponenter som övervakas inom den nationella miljöövervakningen har det, sedan mätningarna startade för mellan 20 och 45 år sedan, generellt skett en avsevärd förbättring avseende såväl halter i luft som deposition i bakgrundsmiljö. Utvecklingen har dock varierat i något olika utsträckning beroende på komponenter och lokalisering i landet. Föroreningsbelastningen är oftast lägre ju längre norrut i landet man kommer. För de flesta ämnen som det finns miljökvalitetsnormer (MKN) respektive miljömål för ligger halterna avsevärt lägre än angivna gräns- och målvärden. Halterna av marknära ozon överskrider i dagsläget MKN för hälsa vid ett flertal mätstationer i södra Sverige. För såväl partiklar (i form av PM2,5) och bensen (i urban bakgrund) är risken låg att haltnivåer överstiger miljömålens preciseringar., The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for the national air quality and precipitation monitoring in rural background areas. This report presents the results from the activities within the National monitoring programme for air pollutants including measurements (performed by IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL), Stockholm University (SU), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Chalmers University of Technology and Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI) respectively) until 2021 and modelling (performed by SMHI) until 2020 .For most of the air pollutants monitored the situation has improved significantly since the measurements started between 20 and 40 years back, regarding air concentrations as well as deposition in the rural background. The pollution load is in general decreasing the further north one goes.For most of the components for which there are environmental quality standards (EQS) and environmental objectives, the concentrations are well below the limit and target values. The concentrations of ground-level ozone exceed the air quality standard for health at several locations in southern Sweden. For particles (PM2,5) and benzene (in urban background air) there is a low risk for concentration levels above the specifications of the environmental objectives.

I denna rapport presenteras pool 7 ”Atmosfär” (AT) som ingår i Sveriges nationella kvävebudget (National Nitrogen Budget, NNB). Atmosfärspoolen i Sveriges NNB är en av de totalt 8 pooler som definierats av Task Force on Reactive Nitrogen (TFRN) som tillsammans representerar en komplett nationell kvävebudget. En fullständig NNB innefattar en kvantifiering av alla större flöden av alla former av reaktivt kväve (Nr) inom landet och över landsgränserna. Metoden för att beräkna NNB har tillhandahållits av expertpanelen för kvävebudgetar (Expert Panel on Nitrogen Budgets, EPNB) i bilagorna till ECE/EB.AIR/119 – "Guidance document on national nitrogen budgets". De största flödena av Nr till och från de troposfäriska luftmassorna ovanför Sverige, inklusive de svenska nationella kustvattnen, beräknades för år 2015. Förutom en mindre mängd Nr som genereras av blixtar domineras den atmosfäriska Nr-poolen av fyra huvudflöden: import och export av Nr från gränsöverskridande transport; svenska utsläpp av Nr; och atmosfäriskt nedfall. Den huvudsakliga källan till utsläppsdata har varit den officiella svenska rapporteringen till Centre on Emission Inventories and Projections (CEIP) under luftkonventionen (Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, CLRTAP). För det reaktiva kvävedenedfallet i Sverige användes de officiella nationella beräkningarna från MATCH Sverigesystemet.Resultaten visar att Sverige under 2015 var en nettoimportör av luftföroreningar i form av Nr, det vill säga att importen av Nr från utsläppskällorna utanför landet (139 kt N) var större än exporten (96,1 kt N). De svenska utsläppen av Nr 2015 var totalt 117 kt N. De största utsläppen kommer från två sektorer: Jordbruk (43,4 kt N) och Energi & Bränsle (40,6 kt N). Depositionen av Nr på svenska ekosystem år 2015 var 160 kt N, varav 87 procent härrörde från utsläppskällor utomlands., In this report, pool 7 ‘Atmosphere’ (AT) of the Swedish National Nitrogen Budget (NNB) is presented. The atmospheric pool of NNB is one of the 8 major pools defined by the Task Force of Reactive Nitrogen (TFRN) which together represent a total national nitrogen budget capturing all major flows of all forms of reactive nitrogen (Nr) within a country and across the country borders. The methodology to calculate NNB has been provided by the Expert Panel on Nitrogen Budgets (EPNB) in the Annexes to the ECE/EB.AIR/119 – “Guidance document on national nitrogen budgets". The major flows of Nr to and from the tropospheric air masses above Sweden, including the Swedish national coastal waters, were calculated for the year 2015. Except for the small amount of Nr generated by lightnings, the atmospheric Nr pool is dominated by four main flows: the import and export of Nr by transboundary transport; by Swedish emissions of Nr; and by atmospheric deposition. The principal source of the emission data has been the official Swedish reporting to the Centre on Emission Inventories and Projections (CEIP) under the Air convention (The Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, CLRTAP). For the reactive nitrogen deposition in Sweden the official national operational estimates by the MATCH Sweden system were used. The results show that in 2015 Sweden was a net importer of air pollution in the form of Nr, i.e. the import of Nr from the emission sources outside the country (139 kt N) was larger than the export (96.1 kt N). The Swedish emissions of Nr in 2015 were in total 117 kt N. The largest emissions come from two sectors: Agriculture (43.4 kt N) and Energy & Fuels (40.6 kt N). The deposition of Nr to Swedish ecosystems in 2015 was 160 kt N, of which 87% originated from emission sources abroad.

Syftet med studien var att få en inblick i och förståelse för hur socialarbetare upplever arbetet med barn som är utsatta för hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck (HRV). Vi har genomfört en kvalitativ undersökning med sex semistrukturerade intervjuer av socialarbetare från olika delar av Sverige. Empirin analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Vidare har vi använt Lipskys teori om gräsrotsbyråkrater och Honneths teori om erkännande för att analysera och få en djupare förståelse för empirin. Resultatet visade att socialarbetare upplever flera utmaningar i arbetet med barn som lever i en hederskontext. De upplever att det saknas verkningsfulla arbetsmetoder gällande familjearbete och att föräldrarätten fortfarande väger tungt inom socialt arbete. Detta kan få negativa konsekvenser för barn som kan tvingas till umgänge med våldsutövande föräldrar. Studien visade även att det finns kunskapsluckor i ämnet HRV, både inom socialt arbete samt inom förskola och skola - verksamheter som lyfts fram som viktiga för att upptäcka förekomsten av HRV. Samverkan anses vara en framgångsfaktor i arbetet mot HRV och något som kan försvåra samverkan är kunskapsluckor., The purpose of this study was to gain an insight and understanding of how social workers experience their work with children who’s been exposed to honor-based violence (HBV) and oppression. We have conducted a qualitative study with six semi-structured interviews with social workers from different parts of Sweden. The data was analyzed with a qualitative content analysis method. Additionally, we have used Lipsky’s theory about Street-level bureaucrats and Honneth’s recognition theory to analyze and gain a deeper understanding of empiricism. The result showed that social workers experience several challenges in their work with children who live in a context of honor-based violence. They lack effective working methods regarding family work and parental rights weigh heavily still within social work. This can cause negative consequences for children who could be forced to interact and spend time with violent parents. The study also showed that there are knowledge gaps on the subject of HBV, not only in social work but also in preschool, and school alike - institutions highlighted of paramount importance for the discovering of the prevalence of HBV. Collaboration is considered a strong success factor in the work against HBV, whereas knowledge gaps can contribute to difficulties in the subject.

The Eurodelta-Trends (EDT) multi-model experiment, aimed at assessing the efficiency of emission mitigation measures in improving air quality in Europe during 1990–2010, was designed to answer a series of questions regarding European pollution trends; i.e. were there significant trends detected by observations? Do the models manage to reproduce observed trends? How close is the agreement between the models and how large are the deviations from observations? In this paper, we address these issues with respect to particulate matter (PM) pollution. An in-depth trend analysis has been performed for PM10 and PM2.5 for the period of 2000–2010, based on results from six chemical transport models and observational data from the EMEP (Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe) monitoring network. Given harmonization of set-up and main input data, the differences in model results should mainly result from differences in the process formulations within the models themselves, and the spread in the model-simulated trends could be regarded as an indicator for modelling uncertainty. The model ensemble simulations indicate overall decreasing trends in PM10 and PM2.5 from 2000 to 2010, with the total reductions of annual mean concentrations by between 2 and 5 (7 for PM10) µg m−3 (or between 10 % and 30 %) across most of Europe (by 0.5–2 µg m−3 in Fennoscandia, the north-west of Russia and eastern Europe) during the studied period. Compared to PM2.5, relative PM10 trends are weaker due to large inter-annual variability of natural coarse PM within the former. The changes in the concentrations of PM individual components are in general consistent with emission reductions. There is reasonable agreement in PM trends estimated by the individual models, with the inter-model variability below 30 %–40 % over most of Europe, increasing to 50 %–60 % in the northern and eastern parts of the EDT domain. Averaged over measuremen, The Ineris coordination of the EURODELTA-Trends exercise has been supported by the French Ministry in charge of Ecology in the context of the Task Force on Measurement and Modelling of the EMEP program of the LRTAP Convention. The CHIMERE simulations were performed using the TGCC supercomputers under GENCI computing allocation. The work of EMEP MSC-W has been supported by the EMEP Trust Fund under the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN ECE). Funding for the MATCH participation was jointly divided between Nordforsk through the research programme Nordic Welfare (grant no. 75007), the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency through the SCAC research programme, and the 2017–2018 Belmont Forum and BiodivERsA joint call for research proposals, under the BiodivScen ERA-Net COFUND programme, with the funding organisations AKA (contract no. 326328), ANR (grant no. ANR-18-EBI4-007), BMBF (KFZ; grant no. 01LC1810A), FORMAS (contract nos. 2018-02434, 2018-02436, 2018-02437, and 2018-02438) and MICINN (APCIN; grant no. PCI2018-093149). Giancarlo Ciarelli has been supported by ADEME and the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. P2EZP2_175166). MINNI participation in this project was supported by the “Cooperation Agreement for support to international Conventions, Protocols and related negotiations on air pollution issues”, funded by the Italian Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea. Financial support for the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) has been provided by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research of Germany (BMBF) and the Ministry for Science, Research and Culture of the State of Brandenburg (MWFK). The work of CIEMAT has been supported by the Ministry for the Ecological Transition and Demographic Challenge (MITERD)., Peer Reviewed, "Article signat per 23 autors/es: Svetlana Tsyro, Wenche Aas, Augustin Colette, Camilla Andersson, Bertrand Bessagnet, Giancarlo Ciarelli, Florian Couvidat, Kees Cuvelier, Astrid Manders, Kathleen Mar, Mihaela Mircea, Noelia Oter, Maria-Teresa Pay, Valentin Raffort, Yelva Roustan, Mark R. Theobald, Marta G. Vivanco, Hilde Fagerli, Peter Wind, Gino Briganti, Andrea Cappelletti, Massimo D'Isidoro, and Mario Adani", Postprint (published version)

I Sverige idag talas det mer än 150 olika språk. Flerspråkigheten medför nya utmaningar och nyvunna insikter. Vi har därför valt att fördjupa oss i den språkliga kommunikationen i det matematiska klassrummet. Syftet med studien är att identifiera utmaningar som kan uppstå vid mötet av andraspråkselever i matematikundervisningen. Studien utgår ifrån det sociokulturella- och sociopolitiska perspektivet. I undersökningen används en etnografisk studie samt en triangulering då intervjuer, observationer och ljudinspelningar utfördes. Huvudresultatet i studien är att utmaningar skapas kring det kommunikation då elever stöter på utmaningar kring det informella och formella matematikspråket samt att klassrumsnormer som inverkar på ett klassrum hämmar andraspråkselevers kommunikation i matematikundervisningen.

The potential vulnerability of vegetation at northern latitudes to ozone damage was assessed based on current knowledge with regard to air ozone concentrations and leaf ozone uptake as well as to plant traits affecting ozone tolerance. The focus was on the northern European arctic, alpine and northern boreal vegetation zones, with a special focus on high-altitude vegetation. In particular, we analysed if there are increasing risks for ozone impacts on northern vegetation due to high spring ozone concentrations in relation to climate change induced shifts such as e.g. an earlier start of the growing season. The current state of knowledge implies that ecosystems in the far north are not more susceptible to ozone than vegetation in other parts of Europe. Hence, we cannot advocate for a stronger reduction of ozone precursors emissions based exclusively on the ozone sensitivity of vegetation in the far north. Thus, policies designed to reduce emissions of ozone precursors to protect vegetation in other parts of Europe as well as in the entire northern hemisphere are likely to suffice to protect vegetation in northern Fennoscandia., The report describes an assessment of the potential vulnerability of far northern European vegetation to ozone damage in a changing climate. Scientists from Sweden, Norway and Finland have joined in and the assessments rely on the experience and expertise of the authors. We could not find evidence that expected changes in ozone concentrations and climate would make the northern arctic, alpine and subalpine vegetation substantially more vulnerable to ozone than other types of European vegetation.

Vi har tagit fram en flexibel nedskalningsmetodik för marknära ozon, CLAIR-O3-metoden.Denna metodik nyttjar högupplösta utsläpp av kväveoxider för att skala ner modellberäknatozon på grövre upplösning. Detta har en vinst i form av ökad upplösning i närhet till utsläppav kväveoxider, t.ex. i urban miljö och närhet till stora vägar/industrier/bostadsområden.Metoden tillåter, utöver den ökade upplösningen, även en förbättring (korrigering) avregionalskaliga halter med regionalskaliga mätningar, såsom i MATCH sverigesystemet, mendet är inte nödvändigt utan nedskalningen av marknära ozon kan appliceras direkt påmodellerad bakgrundshalt. I denna studie har vi utgått från nationella bakgrundshalterframtaget med MATCH (5x5km2 upplösning), och korrigerat mot regionalabakgrundsmätningar på timskala.Vi har beräknat timhalter av marknära ozon för två svenska städer, Stockholm och Göteborg,för 2015 på 100x100m2 upplösning och använt dessa för att skatta befolkningsexponering istädernas kommuner. Högst exponering är generellt i Göteborg under 2015, med allra högstexponering i Kungälvs kommun. Högst exponering i Stockholm är i de ostliga kommunernaÖsteråker, Värmdö och Vaxholm medan den lägsta exponeringen är i Sundbyberg, Solna ochStockholms kommun.Våra modellresultat jämför sig väl mot i metoden oberoende mätdata, och mot enregressionsmetod som baseras på regression av mätningar. Denna metodik är tillämpbar överett större område, som hela Sverige, och längre tidsperioder, då den inte är beroende avtillgång till mätdata.Det finns fortsatta möjliga ytterligare metod och modellförbättringar. En förbättringsmöjlighetär förfinad hantering av hur regionalskalig halt först in i nedskalningsmodellen, vilket skullejämna ut det grövre rutmönstret i kartorna. En annan är att införa nedskalning medatmosfärisk stabilitet och höjd i landskapet vilket skulle möjliggöra beskrivning av högupplöstväxtexponering, vilket enbart hanteras i närhet till direkta utsläpp i denna metod.Metoden skulle kun

International initiatives have successfully brought down the emissions, and hence also the related negative impacts on environment and human health, from shipping in Emission Control Areas (ECAs). However, the question remains as to whether increased shipping in the future will counteract these emission reductions. The overall goal of this study is to provide an up-to-date view on future ship emissions and provide a holistic view on atmospheric pollutants and their contribution to air quality in the Nordic (and Arctic) area. The first step has been to set up new and detailed scenarios for the potential developments in global shipping emissions, including different regulations and new routes in the Arctic. The scenarios include a Baseline scenario and two additional SOx Emission Control Areas (SE-CAs) and heavy fuel oil (HFO) ban scenarios. All three scenarios are calculated in two variants involving Business-As-Usual (BAU) and High-Growth (HiG) traffic scenarios. Additionally a Polar route scenario is included with new ship traffic routes in the future Arctic with less sea ice. This has been combined with existing Current Legislation scenarios for the land-based emissions (ECLIPSE V5a) and used as input for two Nordic chemistry transport models (DEHM and MATCH). Thereby, the current (2015) and future (2030, 2050) air pollution levels and the contribution from shipping have been simulated for the Nordic and Arctic areas. Population exposure and the number of premature deaths attributable to air pollution in the Nordic area have thereafter been assessed by using the health assessment model EVA (Economic Valuation of Air pollution). It is estimated that within the Nordic region approximately 9900 persons died prematurely due to air pollution in 2015 (corresponding to approximately 37 premature deaths for every 100 000 inhabitants). When including the projected development in both shipping and land-based emissions, this number is estimated to decrease to approximately 7

Syftet med vår studie är att analysera hur den sociala och organisatoriska arbetsmiljön upplevs av de anställda på ett värmländskt järnverk och hur arbetsmiljön påverkar arbetstillfredsställelsen. Vi vill också undersöka om det är några skillnader mellan tjänstemän och kollektivanställda när det kommer till den upplevda arbetsmiljön. Genom att använda oss av en kvantitativ metod i form av en enkätundersökning har vi genomfört en totalundersökning på fallföretaget. Företaget har 166 anställda och vi erhöll 103 besvarade enkäter. Utifrån litteratur och tidigare forskning redogörs i den teoretiska referensramen för hur arbetsmiljöfrågor växt fram i Sverige, från att mestadels handlat om den fysiska arbetsmiljön till att även innefatta psykosociala faktorer. Därefter redogörs för teorier kring krav, kontroll och socialt stöd följt av en beskrivning av arbetstillfredsställelse och olika faktorer som kan påverka den upplevda arbetstillfredsställelsen. Sedan ges en beskrivning av arbetare och tjänstemän och de skillnader som de olika positionerna kan innebära. Resultatet med efterföljande analys visar att majoriteten av de anställda upplever att de har höga krav i sitt arbete, men en stor andel upplever också att de själva kan kontrollera sin arbetsbörda och sin arbetstakt. Majoriteten anser sig uppleva ett högt socialt stöd från sina kollegor medan det sociala stödet från chefer upplevs vara mer spritt. Resultatet tyder på att högre nivåer av kontroll, möjlighet att använda sina kunskaper och utvecklas samt ett högt socialt stöd från chefer påverkar arbetstillfredsställelsen positivt. Däremot syns inte lika stor påverkan på den upplevda arbetstillfredsställelsen när det kommer till krav och socialt stöd från kollegor. Det finns skillnader mellan tjänstemän och kollektivanställda när det kommer till vissa aspekter av arbetsmiljön. De kollektivanställda upplever mer fysiskt krävande arbete medan tjänstemännen upplever högre nivåer av kontroll i sitt arbete. Tjänstemännen h