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555 results on '"Andes, David R."'

1. Addendum: A small molecule produced by Lactobacillus species blocks Candida albicans filamentation by inhibiting a DYRK1-family kinase

Author: MacAlpine, Jessie, Daniel-Ivad, Martin, Liu, Zhongle, Yano, Junko, Revie, Nicole M., Todd, Robert T., Stogios, Peter J., Sanchez, Hiram, O’Meara, Teresa R., Tompkins, Thomas A., Savchenko, Alexei, Selmecki, Anna, Veri, Amanda O., Andes, David R., Fidel, Jr., Paul L., Robbins, Nicole, Nodwell, Justin, Whitesell, Luke, and Cowen, Leah E.
Published: 2024
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2. The Candida albicans reference strain SC5314 contains a rare, dominant allele of the transcription factor Rob1 that modulates filamentation, biofilm formation, and oral commensalism

Author: Glazier, Virginia E, Kramara, Juraj, Ollinger, Tomye, Solis, Norma V, Zarnowski, Robert, Wakade, Rohan S, Kim, Min-Ju, Weigel, Gabriel J, Liang, Shen-Huan, Bennett, Richard J, Wellington, Melanie, Andes, David R, Stamnes, Mark A, Filler, Scott G, and Krysan, Damian J
Subjects: Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Microbiology, Clinical Sciences, Medical Microbiology, Genetics, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Infectious Diseases, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Infection, Humans, Candida albicans, Transcription Factors, Alleles, Symbiosis, Biofilms, Fungal Proteins, Hyphae, biofilms, filamentation, virulence, Biochemistry and cell biology, Medical microbiology
Abstract: ImportanceCandida albicans is a commensal fungus that colonizes the human oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract but also causes mucosal as well as invasive disease. The expression of virulence traits in C. albicans clinical isolates is heterogeneous and the genetic basis of this heterogeneity is of high interest. The C. albicans reference strain SC5314 is highly invasive and expresses robust filamentation and biofilm formation relative to many other clinical isolates. Here, we show that SC5314 derivatives are heterozygous for the transcription factor Rob1 and contain an allele with a rare gain-of-function SNP that drives filamentation, biofilm formation, and virulence in a model of oropharyngeal candidiasis. These findings explain, in part, the outlier phenotype of the reference strain and highlight the role heterozygosity plays in the strain-to-strain variation of diploid fungal pathogens.
Published: 2023

3. Tuning sterol extraction kinetics yields a renal-sparing polyene antifungal

Author: Maji, Arun, Soutar, Corinne P., Zhang, Jiabao, Lewandowska, Agnieszka, Uno, Brice E., Yan, Su, Shelke, Yogesh, Murhade, Ganesh, Nimerovsky, Evgeny, Borcik, Collin G., Arango, Andres S., Lange, Justin D., Marin-Toledo, Jonnathan P., Lyu, Yinghuan, Bailey, Keith L., Roady, Patrick J., Holler, Jordan T., Khandelwal, Anuj, SantaMaria, Anna M., Sanchez, Hiram, Juvvadi, Praveen R., Johns, Gina, Hageman, Michael J., Krise, Joanna, Gebremariam, Teclegiorgis, Youssef, Eman G., Bartizal, Ken, Marr, Kieren A., Steinbach, William J., Ibrahim, Ashraf S., Patterson, Thomas F., Wiederhold, Nathan P., Andes, David R., Pogorelov, Taras V., Schwieters, Charles D., Fan, Timothy M., Rienstra, Chad M., and Burke, Martin D.
Published: 2023
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4. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of the endemic mycoses: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology

Author: Thompson, George R, Le, Thuy, Chindamporn, Ariya, Kauffman, Carol A, Alastruey-Izquierdo, Ana, Ampel, Neil M, Andes, David R, Armstrong-James, Darius, Ayanlowo, Olusola, Baddley, John W, Barker, Bridget M, Lopes Bezerra, Leila, Buitrago, Maria J, Chamani-Tabriz, Leili, Chan, Jasper FW, Chayakulkeeree, Methee, Cornely, Oliver A, Cunwei, Cao, Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Govender, Nelesh P, Hagen, Ferry, Hedayati, Mohammad T, Hohl, Tobias M, Jouvion, Grégory, Kenyon, Chris, Kibbler, Christopher C, Klimko, Nikolai, Kong, David CM, Krause, Robert, Lee Lee, Low, Meintjes, Graeme, Miceli, Marisa H, Rath, Peter-Michael, Spec, Andrej, Queiroz-Telles, Flavio, Variava, Ebrahim, Verweij, Paul E, Schwartz, Ilan S, and Pasqualotto, Alessandro C
Subjects: Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Related, Biodefense, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, Animals, Clinical Decision-Making, Consensus, Endemic Diseases, Europe, Global Health, Guidelines as Topic, Humans, International Cooperation, Mycoses, Risk Factors, Clinical Sciences, Medical Microbiology, Public Health and Health Services, Microbiology
Abstract: The global burden of the endemic mycoses (blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, emergomycosis, histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, sporotrichosis, and talaromycosis) continues to rise yearly and these infectious diseases remain a leading cause of patient morbidity and mortality worldwide. Management of the associated pathogens requires a thorough understanding of the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostic methods and performance characteristics in different patient populations, and treatment options unique to each infection. Guidance on the management of these infections has the potential to improve prognosis. The recommendations outlined in this Review are part of the "One World, One Guideline" initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology. Experts from 23 countries contributed to the development of these guidelines. The aim of this Review is to provide an up-to-date consensus and practical guidance in clinical decision making, by engaging physicians and scientists involved in various aspects of clinical management.
Published: 2021

5. The protein kinase Ire1 impacts pathogenicity of Candida albicans by regulating homeostatic adaptation to endoplasmic reticulum stress

Author: Sircaik, Shabnam, Román, Elvira, Bapat, Priyanka, Lee, Keunsook K, Andes, David R, Gow, Neil AR, Nobile, Clarissa J, Pla, Jesús, and Panwar, Sneh Lata
Subjects: Microbiology, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Genetics, Infectious Diseases, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Infection, Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Candida albicans, Candidiasis, Cell Membrane, Cell Wall, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Fungal Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Homeostasis, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Protein Kinases, RNA Splicing, Transcription Factors, Unfolded Protein Response, Virulence, Medical Microbiology
Abstract: The unfolded protein response (UPR), crucial for the maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, is tied to the regulation of multiple cellular processes in pathogenic fungi. Here, we show that Candida albicans relies on an ER-resident protein, inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (Ire1) for sensing ER stress and activating the UPR. Compromised Ire1 function impacts cellular processes that are dependent on functional secretory homeostasis, as inferred from transcriptional profiling. Concordantly, an Ire1-mutant strain exhibits pleiotropic roles in ER stress response, antifungal tolerance, cell wall regulation and virulence-related traits. Hac1 is the downstream target of C. albicans Ire1 as it initiates the unconventional splicing of the 19 bp intron from HAC1 mRNA during tunicamycin-induced ER stress. Ire1 also activates the UPR in response to perturbations in cell wall integrity and cell membrane homeostasis in a manner that does not necessitate the splicing of HAC1 mRNA. Furthermore, the Ire1-mutant strain is severely defective in hyphal morphogenesis and biofilm formation as well as in establishing a successful infection in vivo. Together, these findings demonstrate that C. albicans Ire1 functions to regulate traits that are essential for virulence and suggest its importance in responding to multiple stresses, thus integrating various stress signals to maintain ER homeostasis.
Published: 2021

6. Evolution of the complex transcription network controlling biofilm formation in Candida species.

Author: Mancera, Eugenio, Nocedal, Isabel, Hammel, Stephen, Gulati, Megha, Mitchell, Kaitlin F, Andes, David R, Nobile, Clarissa J, Butler, Geraldine, and Johnson, Alexander D
Subjects: biofilm, candida albicans, candida dubliniensis, candida parapsilosis, candida tropicalis, evolutionary biology, transcriptional evolution, Biochemistry and Cell Biology
Abstract: We examine how a complex transcription network composed of seven 'master' regulators and hundreds of target genes evolved over a span of approximately 70 million years. The network controls biofilm formation in several Candida species, a group of fungi that are present in humans both as constituents of the microbiota and as opportunistic pathogens. Using a variety of approaches, we observed two major types of changes that have occurred in the biofilm network since the four extant species we examined last shared a common ancestor. Master regulator 'substitutions' occurred over relatively long evolutionary times, resulting in different species having overlapping but different sets of master regulators of biofilm formation. Second, massive changes in the connections between the master regulators and their target genes occurred over much shorter timescales. We believe this analysis is the first detailed, empirical description of how a complex transcription network has evolved.
Published: 2021

7. Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccination

Author: Adams, Atoya, Miller, Eric, Rankin, Bruce G., Shinn, Steven, Nash, Marshall, Green, Sinikka L., Jacobsen, Colleen, Krishnankutty, Jayasree, Phungwayo, Sikhongi, Glover, Richard M., II, Slechta, Stacy, Holdeman, Troy, Hartvickson, Robyn, Grant, Amber, Poling, Terry L., Klein, Terry D., Klein, Thomas C., Klein, Tracy R., Smith, William B., Gibson, Richard L., Winbigler, Jennifer, Parker, Elizabeth, Wijewardane, Priyantha N., Bravo, Eric, Thessing, Jeffrey, Maxwell, Michelle, Horn, Amanda, Healy, Catherine Mary, Akamine, Christine, Chu, Laurence, Chouteau, R. Michelle, Cotugno, Michael J., Bauer, George H., Jr., Hachigian, Greg, Oshita, Masaru, Cancilla, Michael, Kiersey, Kristen, Seger, William, Antwi, Mohammed, Green, Allison, Kim, Anthony, Desjardins, Michael, Johnson, Jennifer A., Sherman, Amy, Walsh, Stephen R., Borger, Judith, Saleem, Nafisa, Solis, Joel, Medina, Martha Carmen, Keating, Westly, Garcia, Edgar, Bueno, Cynthia, Segall, Nathan, Denham, Douglas S., Weiss, Thomas, Avworo, Ayoade, Hedges, Parke, Strout, Cynthia Becher, Santiago, Rica, Davis, Yvonne, Howenstine, Patty, Bondell, Alison, Marks, Kristin, Wang, Tina, Wilkin, Timothy, Vogler, Mary, Johnston, Carrie, Andrasik, Michele P., Andriesen, Jessica G., Broder, Gail, Eaton, Niles, Gelderblom, Huub G., McClennen, Rachael, Michael, Nelson, Robb, Merlin, Sopher, Carrie, Miller, Vicki E., Santiago, Fredric, Gomez, Blanca, Valika, Insiya, Starr, Amy, Cantos, Valeria D., Kandiah, Sheetal, Rio, Carlos del, Rouphael, Nadine, Edupuganti, Srilatha, Anderson, Evan J., Camacho-Gonzalez, Andres, Kamidani, Satoshi, Teherani, Meghan, Diemert, David J., Malkin, Elissa, Siegel, Marc, Roberts, Afsoon, Simon, Gary, Balani, Bindu, Stephenson, Carolene, Sperber, Steven, Cicogna, Cristina, Zervos, Marcus J., Kilgore, Paul, Ramesh, Mayur, Herc, Erica, Zenlea, Kate, Burgher, Abram, Milliken, Ann M., Davis, Joseph D., Levy, Brendan, Kelman, Sandra, Doust, Matthew W., Sample, Denise, Erickson, Sandra, Christensen, Shane G., Matich, Christopher, Longe, James, Witbeck, John, Peterson, James T., Clark, Alexander, Kelty, Gerald, Pena-Renteria, Issac, Koren, Michael J., Bartilucci, Darlene, Patel, Alpa, Tran, Carolyn, Kennelly, Christina, Brownlee, Robert, Coleman, Jacob, Webster, Hala, Fierro, Carlos A., Leistner, Natalia, Thompson, Amy, Gonzalez, Celia, Jackson, Lisa A., Suyehira, Janice, Haber, Milton, Regalado, Maria M., Procasky, Veronica, Lutat, Alisha, Griffin, Carl P., Hollister, Ripley R., Brown, Jeremy, Ronk, Melody, Harper, Wayne L., Cohen, Lisa, Eckert, Lynn, Hong, Matthew, Rouhbakhsh, Rambod, Danford, Elizabeth, Johnson, John, Calderone, Richard, Khetan, Shishir K., Olanrewaju, Oyebisi, Zhai, Nan, Nieves, Kimberly, O'Brien, Allison, Bradley, Paul S., Lilienthal, Amanda, Callis, Jim, Brosz, Adam B., Clement, Andrea, West, Whitney, Friesen, Luke, Cramer, Paul, Eder, Frank S., Little, Ryan, Engler, Victoria, Rattenbury-Shaw, Heather, Ensz, David J., Oplinger, Allie, Essink, Brandon J., Meyer, Jay, Raiser, Frederick, III, Mueller, Kimberly, Vrbicky, Keith W., Harper, Charles, Nutsch, Chelsie, Lewis, Wendell, III, Laflan, Cathy, Whatley, Jordan L., Harrell, Nicole, Shannon, Amie, Rowell, Crystal, Dedon, Christopher, Makhene, Mamodikoe, Gottschlich, Gregory M., Harden, Kate, Gottschlich, Melissa, Smith, Mary, Powell, Richard, Kimmel, Murray A., Pinto, Simmy, Vachris, Timothy P., Hutchens, Mark, Daniels, Stephen, Wells, Margaret, Van Der Leden, Mimi, Jackson-Booth, Peta-Gay, Baron, Mira, Kane, Pamela, Seversen, Shannen, Kryvicky, Mara, Lord, Julia, Saleh, Jamshid, Miles, Matthew, Lupercio, Rafael, McGettigan, John W., Jr., Patton, Walter, Brakema, Riemke, Choquette, Karin, McGettigan, Jonlyn, Kirstein, Judith L., Bernard, Marcia, Manning, Mary Beth, Rothenberg, Joan, Briskin, Toby, Roadman, Denise, Tedder-Edwards, Sharita, Schwartz, Howard I., Mederos, Surisday, Swaminathan, Shobha, Nyaku, Amesika, Varughese, Tilly, DallaPiazza, Michelle, Frey, Sharon E., Graham, Irene, Abate, Getahun, Hoft, Daniel, Allen, Leland N., III, Edwards, Leslie A., Davis, William S., Jr., Mena, Jessica M., Kutner, Mark E., Caso, Jorge, Moran, Maria Hernandez, Carvajal, Marianela, Mendez, Janet, Wadsworth, Larkin T., III, Adams, Michael R., Iverson, Leslie, Newberg, Joseph L., Pearlman, Laura, Nugent, Paul J., Reynolds, Michele D., Bashour, Jennifer, Schmidt, Robert, Sheth, Neil P., Steil, Kenneth, Toma, Ramy J., Kirby, William, Folmar, Pink, Williams, Samantha, Pickrell, Paul, Mott, Stefanie, Linebarger, Carol Ann, Malbari, Hussain, Pampe, David, Fragoso, Veronica G., Holloway, Lisa, McKeown-Bragas, Cecilia, Becker, Teresa, Williams, Barton G., Jones, William H., Clark, Jesse L., Shoptaw, Steven, Vertucci, Michele, Hernandez, Will, Spector, Stephen A., Moodley, Amaran, Blumenthal, Jill, Stangl, Lisa, Deutsch, Karen, Mullane, Kathleen M., Pitrak, David, Nuss, Cheryl, Pi, Judy, Fichtenbaum, Carl, Powers-Fletcher, Margaret, Saemann, Michelle, Kohrs, Sharon, Campbell, Thomas B., Lauria, Andrew, Mancilla, Jose C., Dunlevy, Hillary, Novak, Richard M., Wendrow, Andrea, Borgetti, Scott, Ladner, Ben, Chrisley, Lisa, Young, Cheryl, Doblecki-Lewis, Susanne, Alcaide, Maria L., Gonzales-Zamora, Jose, Morris, Stephen, Wohl, David, Eron, Joseph, Jr., Frank, Ian, Dunbar, Debora, Metzger, David, Momplaisir, Florence, Martin, Judith, Hoberman, Alejandro, Shope, Timothy, Muniz, Gysella, Rupp, Richard, Stanford, Amber, Berman, Megan, Porterfield, Laura, Lewis, Michael, Ghadishah, Elham, Yusin, Joseph, Pham, Mai, Creech, Clarence B., II, Walker, Shannon, Rolsma, Stephanie, Samuels, Robert, Thomsen, Isaac, Kalams, Spyros A., Wilson, Greg, Lucksinger, Gregg H., Parks, Kevin, Israelsen, Ryan, Ostovar, Jaleh, Kelly, Kary, Overcash, Jeffrey S., Chu, Hanh, Lee, Kia, De La Cruz, Luis I., Clemons, Steve, Everette, Elizabeth, Studdard, Suzanna, Mohan, Gowdhami, Tyson, Stefanie, Peay, Alyssa-Kay, Johnson, Danyel, Feldman, Gregory J., Suen, May-Yin, Muenzner, Jacqueline, Boscia, Joseph, Siddiqui, Farhan, Sanders, John, Peacock, James, Nasim, Julio, Levin, Michael L., Hussey, Julie, Kulic, Marcy, McKenzie, Mark M., Deese, Teresa, Osmundsen, Erica, Sweet, Christy, Ebuh, Valentine M., Elnagar, Elwaleed, Ebuh, Georgette, Iwuala, Genevieve, Han-Conrad, Laurie J., Simmons, Todd, Tarakjian, Denis, Ackermann, Jeremy, Adams, Mark S., Alemán, José O., Al-Ibrahim, Mohamed S., Andes, David R., Andrews, Jeb, Arduino, Roberto C., Bäcker, Martín, Badillo, Diana, Bainbridge, Emma, Batteiger, Teresa A., Bazan, Jose A., Bedimo, Roger J., Benitez, Jorge A., Bennett, Annette R., Bernstein, David I., Bialobok, Kristin, Boas, Rebecca, Brady, Judith, Brown, Cynthia, Bunce, Catherine A., Call, Robert S., Campbell, Wesley, Carmody, Ellie, Carpenter, Christopher, Carsons, Steven E., Castellon, Marvin, Castro, Mario, Catan, Hannah, Chang, Jennifer, Chebib, Mouna G., Chen, Corey M., Cheng, Margaret, Chow, Brian D.W., Ciambruschini, Annie, Connor, Joseph P., Conway, James H., Cooney, Maureen, Curlin, Marcel, De La Matta Rodriguez, Claudia, Dedon, Jon F., Degan, Emily, Dickey, Michelle, Dietz, Craig, Dong, Jennifer L., Dorcely, Brenda, Dube, Michael P., Dyer, Carmel B., Eckhardt, Benjamin, Ellerbeck, Edward, Ewers, Evan C., Falk, Amy, Feijoo, Brittany, Felsen, Uriel R., Fiel, Tom, Fitz-Patrick, David, Fogarty, Charles M., Ford, Stacy, Forero, Lina M., Formentini, Elizabeth, Franco-Vitteri, Doris, Frenck, Robert W., Jr., Gharib, Elie, Gharib, Suzanne, Rucker, Rola G., Goldenberg, James N., González, Luis H., Gray, Brett, Greene, Rusty, Grossberg, Robert M., Guanira-Carranza, Juan V., Guerreros Benavides, Alfredo Gilberto, Guillory, Clint C., Gunaratne, Shauna H., Halpert, David, Hamilton, Holli, Hartman, William R., Henderson, Sheryl L., Herati, Ramin, Guarin, Laura Hernandez, Hilder, Robin, Ho, Ken, Hojat, Leila, Hosek, Sybil G., Jacobson, Jeffrey M., Jay, Melanie, Johnson, Diane H., Jones, Kathleen S., Jones-López, Edward C., Justman, Jessica E., Kahney, Scott, Katz, Lois, Katz, Melinda, Kaul, Daniel, Keefer, Michael C., Kennedy, Ashley, Knishinsky, Jennifer, Kogelman, Laura, Koletar, Susan L., Kottkamp, Angelica, Laguio-Vila, Maryrose, Landovitz, Raphael J., Lee, Jessica L., Liu, Albert, Llerena Zegarra, Eneyda Giuvanela, Lok, Anna S., Lovell, James, Lubelchek, Ronald, Lucaj, John, Luckasen, Gary, Luetkemeyer, Annie, Lugogo, Njira Lucia, Maenza, Janine, Malvestutto, Carlos, Mauri, Monica, Maves, Ryan C., Mayer, Kenneth H., McCartney, Michael J., McCort, Margaret E., McElrath, M. Juliana, McNairy, Meredith, Merino, Fernando L., Meyerowitz, Eric A., Mitchell, Carol L., Monaco, Cynthia L., Muhammad, Sauda, Muñoz-Gómez, Sigridh, Munsiff, Sonal, Nee, Paul, Nollen, Nicole L., Noor, Asif, Lagos, Claudio Nuñez, Okulicz, Jason F., Oliver, Patrick A., Ortega, Jessica, Palmer, Steven, Parameswaran, Lalitha, Parikh, Purvi, Parker, Susan, Parungao, Reza, Pavie, Juana R., Madan, Rebecca P., Peralta, Henry, Petts, Jennifer, Pierce, Kristen K., Pretell Alva, E. Javier, Purpura, Lawrence J., Raabe, Vanessa, Recuenco, Sergio E., Richards, Tamara, Riddler, Sharon A., Rizzardi, Barbara, Rokser, Rachel, Rolle, Charlotte-Paige, Rosen, Adam, Rosen, Jeffrey, Freese, Lena R., Santolaya, María E., Schipani, Linda M., Schwartz, Adam, Schwasinger-Schmidt, Tiffany, Scott, Hyman, Sha, Beverly E., Shankaran, Shivanjali, Shapiro, Adrienne E., Sharp, Stephan C., Shopsin, Bo, Sims, Matthew D., Skipper, Stephanie, Smith, Derek M., Smith, Michael J., Sobhanie, M. Mahdee, Sovic, Brit, Sterling, Stephanie, Striker, Robert, Tafur Bances, Karla Beatriz, Talaat, Kawsar R., Tavel, Edward M., Jr., Tieu, Hong V., Tomaszewski, Christian, Tomlinson, Ryan, Torres, Juan P., Torres, Julian A., Treanor, John J., Tukuru, Sade, Ulrich, Robert J., Utz, Gregory C., Viar, Veronica, Viau Colindres, Roberto A., Walsh, Edward E., Walsh, Mary C., Walter, Emmanuel B., Weidler, Jessica L., Wu, Yi H., Yang, Kinara S., Yrivarren Giorza, Juan Luis, Zemanek, Arthur L., Zhang, Kevin, Zingman, Barry S., Gorman, Richard, Paez, Carmen A., Swann, Edith, Takuva, Simbarashe G., Greninger, Alex, Roychoudhury, Pavitra, Coombs, Robert W., Jerome, Keith R., Castellino, Flora, Tong, Xiaomi, Pavetto, Corrina, Gipson, Teletha, Tong, Tina, Lee, Marina, Zhou, James, Fay, Michael, McQuarrie, Kelly, Nnadi, Chimeremma, Sogbetun, Obiageli, Ahmad, Nina, De Proost, Ian, Hoseyni, Cyrus, Coplan, Paul, Khan, Najat, Ronco, Peter, Furey, Dawn, Meck, Jodi, Vingerhoets, Johan, Brandenburg, Boerries, Custers, Jerome, Hendriks, Jenny, Juraszek, Jarek, Marit de Groot, Anne, Van Roey, Griet, Heerwegh, Dirk, Van Dromme, Ilse, Méndez Galván, Jorge F., Carrascal, Monica B., Duran, Adriana Sordo, Sanchez Guerrero, Laura Ruy, Gómora Madrid, Martha Cecilia, Barrat Hernández, Alejandro Quintín, Guizar, Sharzhaad Molina, González Estrada, Denisse Alejandra, Martínez Pérez, Silvano Omar, Zárate Hinojosa, Zindy Yazmín, Ruiz-Palacios, Guillermo Miguel, Cruz-Valdez, Aurelio, Pacheco-Flores, Janeth, Lara, Anyela, Díaz-Miralrio, Secia, Reyes Fentanes, María José, Olmos Vega, Jocelyn Zuleica, Méndez, Daniela Pineda, Martínez, Karina Cano, Alvarez León, Winniberg Stephany, Ruiz Herrera, Vida Veronica, Vázquez Saldaña, Eduardo Gabriel, Camacho Choza, Laura Julia, Vega Orozco, Karen Sofia, Ortega Domínguez, Sandra Janeth, Chacón, Jorge A., Rivera, Juan J., Cutz, Erika A., Ortegón, Maricruz E., Rivera, María I., Browder, David, Burch, Cortney, Moye, Terri, Bondy, Paul, Browder, Lesley, Manning, Rickey D., Hurst, James W., Sturgeon, Rodney E., Wakefield, Paul H., Kirby, John A., Andersen, James, Fearon, Szheckera, Negron, Rosa, Medina, Amy, Hill, John M., Rajasekhar, Vivek, Williams, Hayes, Cade, LaShondra, Fouts, Rhodna, Moya, Connie, Anderson, Corey G., Devine, Naomi, Ramsey, James, Perez, Ashley, Tatelbaum, David, Jacobs, Michael, Menasche, Kathleen, Mirkil, Vincent, Winkle, Peter J., Haggag, Amina Z., Haynes, Michelle, Villegas, Marysol, Raja, Sabina, Riesenberg, Robert, Plavin, Stanford, Lerman, Mark, Woodside, Leana, Johnson, Maria, Healy, C. Mary, Whitaker, Jennifer A., Keitel, Wendy A., Atmar, Robert L., Horwith, Gary, Mason, Robin, Johnson, Lisa, Dora, Tambra, Murray, Deborah, Ledbetter, Logan, Ewing, Beverly, Stephenson, Kathryn E., Tan, Chen S., Zash, Rebecca, Ansel, Jessica L., Jaegle, Kate, Guiney, Caitlin J., Henderson, Jeffrey A., O'Leary, Marcia, Enright, Kendra, Kessler, Jill, Ducheneaux, Pete, Inniss, Asha, Brandon, Donald M., Davis, William B., Lawler, Daniel T., Oppong, Yaa D., Starr, Ryan P., Syndergaard, Scott N., Shelly, Rozeli, Majumder, Mashrur Islam, Sugimoto, Danny, Dugas, Jeffrey, Sr., Rijos, Dolores, Shelton, Sandra, Hong, Stephan, Schwartz, Howard, Sanchez-Crespo, Nelia, Schwartz, Jennifer, Piedra, Terry, Corral, Barbara, Medina, Carmen, Dever, Michael E., Shah, Mitul, Delgado, Michael, Scott, Tameika, Usdan, Lisa S., McGill, Lora J., Arnold, Valerie K., Scatamacchia, Carolyn, Anthony, Codi M., Merchant, Rajan, Yoon, Anelgine C., Hill, Janet, Ng-Price, Lucy, Thompson-Seim, Teri, Ackerman, Ronald, Ackerman, Jamie, Aristy, Florida, Ketter, Nzeera, Finley, Jon, Stull, Mildred, Murray, Monica, Rizvi, Zainab, Guerrero, Sonia, Paliwal, Yogesh K., Paliwal, Amit, Gordon, Sarah, Gordon, Bryan, Montano-Pereira, Cynthia, Galloway, Christopher, Montros, Candice, Aleman, Lily, Shairi, Samira, Van Ever, Wesley, Freeman, George H., Harmon, Esther L., Cross, Marshall A., Sales, Kacie, Gular, Catherine Q., Hepburn, Matthew, Alderson, Nathan, Harshell, Shana, Mahgoub, Siham, Maxwell, Celia, Mellman, Thomas, Thompson, Karl M., Wortman, Glenn, Kingsley, Jeff, Pixler, April, Curry, LaKondria, Afework, Sarah, Swanson, Austin, Jacqmein, Jeffry, Bowers, Maggie, Robison, Dawn, Mosteller, Victoria, Garvey, Janet, Easley, Mary, Kurnat, Rebecca J., Cornelison, Raymond, Gower, Shanda, Schnitz, William, Heinzig-Cartwright, Destiny S., Lewis, Derek, Newton, Fred E., Duhart, Aeiress, Watkins, Breanz, Ball, Brandy, York, Jill, Pickle, Shelby, Musante, David B., Silver, William P., Belhorn, Linda R., Viens, Nicholas A., Dellaero, David, Patel, Priti, Lisec, Kendra, Safirstein, Beth, Zapata, Luz, Gonzalez, Lazaro, Quevedo, Evelyn, Irani, Farah, Grillo, Joseph, Potts, Amy, White, Julie, Flume, Patrick, Headden, Gary, Taylor, Brandie, Warden, Ashley, Chamberlain, Amy, Jeanfreau, Robert, Jeanfreau, Susan, Matherne, Paul G., Caldwell, Amy, Stahl, Jessica, Vowell, Mandy, Newhouse, Lauren, Berthaud, Vladimir, Takizala, Zudi-Mwak, Beninati, Genevieve, Snell, Kimberly, Baker, Sherrie, Walker, James, Harrison, Tavane, Miller, Meagan, Otto, Janet, Gray, Roni, Wilson, Christine, Nemecek, Tiffany, Harrington, Hannah, Eppenbach, Sally, Lewis, Wendell, Bourgeois, Tana, Folsom, Lyndsea, Holt, Gregory, Mirsaeidi, Mehdi, Calderon, Rafael, Lichtenberger, Paola, Quintero, Jalima, Martinez, Becky, Immergluck, Lilly, Johnson, Erica, Chan, Austin, Fas, Norberto, Thomas-Seaton, LaTeshia, Khizer, Saadia, Staben, Jonathan, Beresnev, Tatiana, Jahromi, Maryam, Marovich, Mary A., Hutter, Julia, Nason, Martha, Ledgerwood, Julie, Mascola, John, Leibowitz, Mark, Morales, Fernanda, Delgado, Mike, Sanchez, Rosario, Vega, Norma, Áñez, Germán, Albert, Gary, Coston, Erin, Desai, Chinar, Dunbar, Haoua, Eickhoff, Mark, Garcia, Jenina, Kautz, Margaret, Lee, Angela, Lewis, Maggie, McGarry, Alice, McKnight, Irene, Nelson, Joy, Newingham, Patrick, Price-Abbott, Patty, Reed, Patty, Vegas, Diana, Wilkinson, Bethanie, Smith, Katherine, Woo, Wayne, Cho, Iksung, Glenn, Gregory M., Dubovsky, Filip, Fried, David L., Haughey, Lynne A., Stanton, Ariana C., Rameaka, Lisa Stevens, Rosenberg, David, Tomatsu, Lee, Gonzalez, Viviana, Manalo, Millie, Grunstra, Bernard, Quinn, Donald, Claybrook, Phillip, Olds, Shelby, Dye, Amy, Cannon, Kevin D., Chadwick, Mesha M., Jordan, Bailey, Hussey, Morgan, Nevarez, Hannah, Kelley, Colleen F., Chung, Michael, Moran, Caitlin, Rebolledo, Paulina, Bacher, Christina, Barranco-Santana, Elizabeth, Rodriguez, Jessica, Mendoza, Rafael, Ruperto, Karen, Olivieri, Odette, Ocaña, Enrique, Wylie, Paul E., Henderson, Renea, Jenson, Natasa, Yang, Fan, Kelley, Amy, Finkelstein, Kenneth, Beckmann, David, Hutchins, Tanya, Escallon, Sebastian Garcia, Johnson, Kristen, Sligh, Teresa S., Desai, Parul, Huynh, Vincent, Lopez, Carlos, Mendoza, Erika, Adelglass, Jeffrey, Naifeh, Jerome G., Kucera, Kristine J., Chughtai, Waseem, Jaffer, Shireen H., Davis, Matthew G., Foley, Jennifer, Burgett, Michelle L., Shlotzhauer, Tammi L., Ingalsbe-Geno, Sarah M., Duncanson, Daniel, Kush, Kelly, Nesbitt, Lori, Sonnier, Cora, McCarter, Jennifer, Butcher, Michael B., Fry, James, Percy, Donna, Freudemann, Karen, Gebhardt, Bruce C., Mangu, Padma N., Schroeck, Debra B., Davit, Rajesh K., Hennekes, Gayle D., Luft, Benjamin J., Carr, Melissa, Nachman, Sharon, Pellecchia, Alison, Smith, Candace, Valenti, Bruno, Bermudez, Maria I., Peraita, Noris, Delgado, Ernesto, Arrazcaeta, Alicia, Ramirez, Natalie, Amador, Carmen, Marafioti, Horacio, Dang, Lyly, Clement, Lauren, Berry, Jennifer, Allaw, Mohammed, Geuss, Georgettea, Miles, Chelsea, Bittner, Zachary, Werne, Melody, Calinescu, Cornell, Rodman, Shannon, Rindt, Joshua, Cooksey, Erin, Harrison, Kristina, Cooper, Deanna, Horton, Manisha, Philyaw, Amanda, Jennings, William, Alvarado, Hilario, Baka, Michele, Regalado, Malina, Murray, Linda, Naguib, Sherif, Singletary, Justin, Richmond, Sha-Wanda, Omodele, Sarah, Oppenheim, Emily, Martinez, Reuben, Andriulis, Victoria, Singer, Leonard, Blevins, Jeanne, Thomas, Meagan, Hull, Christine, Pereira, Isabel, Rivero, Gina, Okonya, Tracy, Downing, Frances, Miller, Paulina, Rhee, Margaret, Stapleton, Katherine, Klein, Jeffrey, Hong, Rosamond, Swan, Suzanne, Wahlin, Tami, Bennett, Elizabeth, Salzl, Amy, Phan, Sharine, White, Jewel J., Occhino, Amanda, Paiano, Ruth, McLaughlin, Morgan, Swieboda, Elisa, Garcia-Fragoso, Veronica, Becerra, Maria G., White, Toni, Turley, Christine B., McWilliams, Andrew, Esinhart, Tiffany, Montoya, Natasha, Huskey, Shamika, Paul, Leena, Tashima, Karen, Johnson, Jennie, Neill, Marguerite, Sanchez, Martha, Rybak, Natasha, Mileno, Maria, Cohen, Stuart H., Ruiz, Monica, Boswell, Dean M., Robison, Elizabeth E., Reynolds, Trina L., Neumeister, Sonja, Zorrilla, Carmen D., Rivera, Juana, Ibarra, Jessica, García, Iris, Sierra, Dianca, Ramon, Wanda, Fiorillo, Suzanne, Pitotti, Rebecca, Anderson, Victoria R., Mancilla, Jose Castillo, Le, Nga, Winokur, Patricia L., Ince, Dilek, Hegmann, Theresa, Meier, Jeffrey, Stapleton, Jack, Stulken, Laura, McArthur, Monica, Berry, Andrea, Tapia, Milagritos, Hammershaimb, Elizabeth, Robinson, Toni, MacBryde, Rosa, Kline, Susan, Billings, Joanne L., Cavert, Winston, Forgosh, Les B., Schacker, Timothy W., Bold, Tyler D., Dandachi, Dima, Nelson, Taylor, Bran, Andres, Geiger, Grant, Naqvi, S. Hasan, Florescu, Diana F., Starlin, Richard, Kline, David, Zimmer, Andrea, Abbas, Anum, Wilson, Natasha, Eron, Joseph J., Sciaudone, Michael, Rosengren, A. Lina, Kizer, John S., Rutstein, Sarah E., Bruce, Elizabeth, Espinosa, Claudia, Sanders, Lisa J., Kim, Kami, Casey, Denise, Taylor, Barbara S., Patterson, Thomas, Pinilla, Ruth S., Bullock, Delia, Ponce, Philip, Patterson, Jan, McClelland, R. Scott, Lane, Dakotah C., Wald, Anna, James, Frank, Duke, Elizabeth, Hauge, Kirsten, Heimonen, Jessica, Goecker, Erin A., Huang, Yunda, Fong, Youyi, Kauffman, Carol, Linder, Kathleen, Nofz, Kimberly, McConnell, Andrew, Buynak, Robert J., Webb, Angella, Petty, Taryn, Andree, Stephanie, Sanchez, Erica, Mackey, Nolan, Baudelaire, Clarisse, Dzigiel, Sarah, Marquez, Adrienna, Quillin, Kim, King, Michelle, Abad, Vanessa, Knowles, Jennifer, Waters, Michael, Zepeda, Karla, Coslet, Jordan, Tovar, Dalia, Shaw, Marian E., Turner, Mark A., Huffine, Cory J., Huffine, Esther S., Ake, Julie A., Secord, Elizabeth, McGrath, Eric, Levy, Phillip, Stewart, Brittany, Cromer, Charnell, Walters, Ayanna, Ellsworth, Grant, Greene, Caroline, Galloway, Sarah, Kapadia, Shashi, DeHaan, Elliot, Wilson, Clint, Milligan, Jason, Raley, Danielle, Bocchini, Joseph, McClenathan, Bruce, Hussain, Mary, Lomasney, Evelyn, Hall, Evelyn, Lamberth, Sherry, Schmeck, Christy, Leathers, Vickie, Theodore, Deborah A., Branche, Angela R., Graciaa, Daniel S., Hatlen, Timothy J., Miller, Jacqueline, Sadoff, Jerald, Falsey, Ann R., Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E., Rick, Anne-Marie, Laurens, Matthew B., Huang, Ying, Yu, Chenchen, Martin, Thomas C.S., Rodriguez, Carina A., Rostad, Christina A., Maboa, Rebone M., Baden, Lindsey R., El Sahly, Hana M., Grinsztejn, Beatriz, Gray, Glenda E., Gay, Cynthia L., Gilbert, Peter B., Janes, Holly E., Kublin, James G., Leav, Brett, Hirsch, Ian, Struyf, Frank, Dunkle, Lisa M., Neuzil, Kathleen M., Corey, Lawrence, Goepfert, Paul A., Follmann, Dean, and Kotloff, Karen L.
Published: 2023
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8. An oxindole efflux inhibitor potentiates azoles and impairs virulence in the fungal pathogen Candida auris.

Author: Iyer, Kali R, Camara, Kaddy, Daniel-Ivad, Martin, Trilles, Richard, Pimentel-Elardo, Sheila M, Fossen, Jen L, Marchillo, Karen, Liu, Zhongle, Singh, Shakti, Muñoz, José F, Kim, Sang Hu, Porco, John A, Cuomo, Christina A, Williams, Noelle S, Ibrahim, Ashraf S, Edwards, John E, Andes, David R, Nodwell, Justin R, Brown, Lauren E, Whitesell, Luke, Robbins, Nicole, and Cowen, Leah E
Subjects: Animals, Humans, Mice, Candida, Azoles, Fluconazole, Fungal Proteins, Antifungal Agents, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Virulence, Gene Deletion, Drug Synergism, Oxindoles, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
Abstract: Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen that exhibits resistance to multiple drugs, including the most commonly prescribed antifungal, fluconazole. Here, we use a combinatorial screening approach to identify a bis-benzodioxolylindolinone (azoffluxin) that synergizes with fluconazole against C. auris. Azoffluxin enhances fluconazole activity through the inhibition of efflux pump Cdr1, thus increasing intracellular fluconazole levels. This activity is conserved across most C. auris clades, with the exception of clade III. Azoffluxin also inhibits efflux in highly azole-resistant strains of Candida albicans, another human fungal pathogen, increasing their susceptibility to fluconazole. Furthermore, azoffluxin enhances fluconazole activity in mice infected with C. auris, reducing fungal burden. Our findings suggest that pharmacologically targeting Cdr1 in combination with azoles may be an effective strategy to control infection caused by azole-resistant isolates of C. auris.
Published: 2020

9. Biomineral armor in leaf-cutter ants.

Author: Li, Hongjie, Sun, Chang-Yu, Fang, Yihang, Carlson, Caitlin M, Xu, Huifang, Ješovnik, Ana, Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Zarnowski, Robert, Bechtel, Hans A, Fournelle, John H, Andes, David R, Schultz, Ted R, Gilbert, Pupa UPA, and Currie, Cameron R
Subjects: Animals, Ants, Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium, Animal Shells
Abstract: Although calcareous anatomical structures have evolved in diverse animal groups, such structures have been unknown in insects. Here, we report the discovery of high-magnesium calcite [CaMg(CO3)2] armor overlaying the exoskeletons of major workers of the leaf-cutter ant Acromyrmex echinatior. Live-rearing and in vitro synthesis experiments indicate that the biomineral layer accumulates rapidly as ant workers mature, that the layer is continuously distributed, covering nearly the entire integument, and that the ant epicuticle catalyzes biomineral nucleation and growth. In situ nanoindentation demonstrates that the biomineral layer significantly hardens the exoskeleton. Increased survival of ant workers with biomineralized exoskeletons during aggressive encounters with other ants and reduced infection by entomopathogenic fungi demonstrate the protective role of the biomineral layer. The discovery of biogenic high-magnesium calcite in the relatively well-studied leaf-cutting ants suggests that calcareous biominerals enriched in magnesium may be more common in metazoans than previously recognized.
Published: 2020

10. Core Recommendations for Antifungal Stewardship: A Statement of the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium

Author: Johnson, Melissa D, Consortium, for the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research, Lewis, Russell E, Ashley, Elizabeth S Dodds, Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, Zaoutis, Theoklis, Thompson, George R, Andes, David R, Walsh, Thomas J, Pappas, Peter G, Cornely, Oliver A, Perfect, John R, and Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P
Subjects: Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research, Vaccine Related, Infection, Quality Education, Antifungal Agents, Antimicrobial Stewardship, Clinical Competence, Drug Monitoring, Drug Prescriptions, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Evidence-Based Medicine, Humans, Inappropriate Prescribing, Mycoses, Practice Guidelines as Topic, stewardship, antifungal, candidiasis, aspergillosis, guidelines, diagnostics, Medical and Health Sciences, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract: In recent years, the global public health community has increasingly recognized the importance of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in the fight to improve outcomes, decrease costs, and curb increases in antimicrobial resistance around the world. However, the subject of antifungal stewardship (AFS) has received less attention. While the principles of AMS guidelines likely apply to stewarding of antifungal agents, there are additional considerations unique to AFS and the complex field of fungal infections that require specific recommendations. In this article, we review the literature on AMS best practices and discuss AFS through the lens of the global core elements of AMS. We offer recommendations for best practices in AFS based on a synthesis of this evidence by an interdisciplinary expert panel of members of the Mycoses Study Group Education and Research Consortium. We also discuss research directions in this rapidly evolving field. AFS is an emerging and important component of AMS, yet requires special considerations in certain areas such as expertise, education, interventions to optimize utilization, therapeutic drug monitoring, and data analysis and reporting.
Published: 2020

11. Old In Vitro Antimicrobial Breakpoints Are Misleading Stewardship Efforts, Delaying Adoption of Innovative Therapies, and Harming Patients

Author: Ambrose, Paul G, Bhavnani, Sujata M, Andes, David R, Bradley, John S, Flamm, Robert K, Pogue, Jason M, and Jones, Ronald N
Subjects: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Good Health and Well Being, antimicrobial drug development, antimicrobial stewardship, incentives, in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test interpretative criteria, susceptibility breakpoints, Clinical sciences, Medical microbiology
Abstract: The current antimicrobial market and old (pre-2000) in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test interpretative criteria (STIC) are not working properly. Malfunctioning susceptibility breakpoints and antimicrobial markets have serious implications for both patients (ie, from a safety and efficacy perspective) and antibiotic-focused pharmaceutical and biotechnology company economic viability. Poorly functioning STIC fail both patients and clinicians since they do not discriminate between likely effective and ineffective antimicrobial regimens. Poor economic viability fails patients and clinicians as it decreases the industry's ability to develop antimicrobial agents that clinicians and patients urgently require now and in the future. Herein, we review how STIC for older antimicrobial agents were determined and how their correction can impact the perceived utility of old relative to new antimicrobial agents. Moreover, we describe the data and analysis needs to systematically reevaluate older STIC values. We call for professional infectious diseases societies, government agencies, and other consensus bodies interested in the appropriate use of antimicrobial agents to join an effort to systematically evaluate and, where warranted, correct STIC for all relevant antimicrobial agents. This effort will amplify the effects of other measures designed to increase appropriate antimicrobial use (ie, good antimicrobial stewardship), development, and regulation.
Published: 2020

12. Identification of triazenyl indoles as inhibitors of fungal fatty acid biosynthesis with broad-spectrum activity

Author: Iyer, Kali R., Li, Sheena C., Revie, Nicole M., Lou, Jennifer W., Duncan, Dustin, Fallah, Sara, Sanchez, Hiram, Skulska, Iwona, Ušaj, Mojca Mattiazzi, Safizadeh, Hamid, Larsen, Brett, Wong, Cassandra, Aman, Ahmed, Kiyota, Taira, Yoshimura, Mami, Kimura, Hiromi, Hirano, Hiroyuki, Yoshida, Minoru, Osada, Hiroyuki, Gingras, Anne-Claude, Andes, David R., Shapiro, Rebecca S., Robbins, Nicole, Mazhab-Jafari, Mohammad T., Whitesell, Luke, Yashiroda, Yoko, Boone, Charles, and Cowen, Leah E.
Published: 2023
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13. How Clean Is the Linen at My Hospital? The Mucorales on Unclean Linen Discovery Study of Large United States Transplant and Cancer Centers

Author: Sundermann, Alexander J, Clancy, Cornelius J, Pasculle, A William, Liu, Guojun, Cumbie, Richard B, Driscoll, Eileen, Ayres, Ashley, Donahue, Lisa, Pergam, Steven A, Abbo, Lilian, Andes, David R, Chandrasekar, Pranatharthi, Galdys, Alison L, Hanson, Kimberly E, Marr, Kieren A, Mayer, Jeanmarie, Mehta, Seema, Morris, Michele I, Perfect, John, Revankar, Sanjay G, Smith, Becky, Swaminathan, Sankar, Thompson, George R, Varghese, Merin, Vazquez, Jose, Whimbey, Estella, Wingard, John R, and Nguyen, M Hong
Subjects: Cancer, Bedding and Linens, Disinfection, Equipment Contamination, Humans, Infection Control, Laundry Service, Hospital, Mucorales, Textiles, United States, Mucorales, Rhizopus, Syncephalastrum, healthcare linens, microbiologic surveillance, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology
Abstract: Mucormycosis outbreaks have been linked to contaminated linen. We performed fungal cultures on freshly-laundered linens at 15 transplant and cancer hospitals. At 33% of hospitals, the linens were visibly unclean. At 20%, Mucorales were recovered from >10% of linens. Studies are needed to understand the clinical significance of our findings.
Published: 2019

14. Methodologies for in vitro and in vivo evaluation of efficacy of antifungal and antibiofilm agents and surface coatings against fungal biofilms.

Author: Van Dijck, Patrick, Sjollema, Jelmer, Cammue, Bruno P, Lagrou, Katrien, Berman, Judith, d'Enfert, Christophe, Andes, David R, Arendrup, Maiken C, Brakhage, Axel A, Calderone, Richard, Cantón, Emilia, Coenye, Tom, Cos, Paul, Cowen, Leah E, Edgerton, Mira, Espinel-Ingroff, Ana, Filler, Scott G, Ghannoum, Mahmoud, Gow, Neil AR, Haas, Hubertus, Jabra-Rizk, Mary Ann, Johnson, Elizabeth M, Lockhart, Shawn R, Lopez-Ribot, Jose L, Maertens, Johan, Munro, Carol A, Nett, Jeniel E, Nobile, Clarissa J, Pfaller, Michael A, Ramage, Gordon, Sanglard, Dominique, Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Spriet, Isabel, Verweij, Paul E, Warris, Adilia, Wauters, Joost, Yeaman, Michael R, Zaat, Sebastian AJ, and Thevissen, Karin
Subjects: antibiofilm material coating, antifungal susceptibility testing, biofilm eradication, biofilm inhibition, in vivo models
Abstract: Unlike superficial fungal infections of the skin and nails, which are the most common fungal diseases in humans, invasive fungal infections carry high morbidity and mortality, particularly those associated with biofilm formation on indwelling medical devices. Therapeutic management of these complex diseases is often complicated by the rise in resistance to the commonly used antifungal agents. Therefore, the availability of accurate susceptibility testing methods for determining antifungal resistance, as well as discovery of novel antifungal and antibiofilm agents, are key priorities in medical mycology research. To direct advancements in this field, here we present an overview of the methods currently available for determining (i) the susceptibility or resistance of fungal isolates or biofilms to antifungal or antibiofilm compounds and compound combinations; (ii) the in vivo efficacy of antifungal and antibiofilm compounds and compound combinations; and (iii) the in vitro and in vivo performance of anti-infective coatings and materials to prevent fungal biofilm-based infections.
Published: 2018

15. Structural and functional analysis of EntV reveals a 12 amino acid fragment protective against fungal infections

Author: Cruz, Melissa R., Cristy, Shane, Guha, Shantanu, De Cesare, Giuseppe Buda, Evdokimova, Elena, Sanchez, Hiram, Borek, Dominika, Miramón, Pedro, Yano, Junko, Fidel, Jr, Paul L., Savchenko, Alexei, Andes, David R., Stogios, Peter J., Lorenz, Michael C., and Garsin, Danielle A.
Published: 2022
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16. Targeting fungal membrane homeostasis with imidazopyrazoindoles impairs azole resistance and biofilm formation

Author: Revie, Nicole M., Iyer, Kali R., Maxson, Michelle E., Zhang, Jiabao, Yan, Su, Fernandes, Caroline M., Meyer, Kirsten J., Chen, Xuefei, Skulska, Iwona, Fogal, Meea, Sanchez, Hiram, Hossain, Saif, Li, Sheena, Yashiroda, Yoko, Hirano, Hiroyuki, Yoshida, Minoru, Osada, Hiroyuki, Boone, Charles, Shapiro, Rebecca S., Andes, David R., Wright, Gerard D., Nodwell, Justin R., Del Poeta, Maurizio, Burke, Martin D., Whitesell, Luke, Robbins, Nicole, and Cowen, Leah E.
Published: 2022
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17. Biofilm-associated metabolism via ERG251 in Candida albicans

Author: Xiong, Liping, primary, Pereira De Sa, Nivea, additional, Zarnowski, Robert, additional, Huang, Manning Y., additional, Mota Fernandes, Caroline, additional, Lanni, Frederick, additional, Andes, David R., additional, Del Poeta, Maurizio, additional, and Mitchell, Aaron P., additional
Published: 2024
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18. Distinct roles of the 7‐transmembrane receptor protein Rta3 in regulating the asymmetric distribution of phosphatidylcholine across the plasma membrane and biofilm formation in Candida albicans

Author: Srivastava, Archita, Sircaik, Shabnam, Husain, Farha, Thomas, Edwina, Ror, Shivani, Rastogi, Sumit, Alim, Darakshan, Bapat, Priyanka, Andes, David R, Nobile, Clarissa J, and Panwar, Sneh L
Subjects: Microbiology, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Genetics, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Infection, Animals, Antifungal Agents, Biofilms, Candida albicans, Catheters, Cell Membrane, Fungal Proteins, Gene Deletion, Membrane Proteins, Phosphatidylcholines, Phosphorylcholine, Rats, biofilm, genes, membrane, molecular genetic, resistance, yeasts, Medical Microbiology
Abstract: Fungal pathogens such as Candida albicans exhibit several survival mechanisms to evade attack by antifungals and colonise host tissues. Rta3, a member of the Rta1-like family of lipid-translocating exporters has a 7-transmembrane domain topology, similar to the G-protein-coupled receptors and is unique to the fungal kingdom. Our findings point towards a role for the plasma membrane localised Rta3 in providing tolerance to miltefosine, an analogue of alkylphosphocholine, by maintaining mitochondrial energetics. Concurrent with miltefosine susceptibility, the rta3Δ/Δ strain displays increased inward translocation (flip) of fluorophore-labelled phosphatidylcholine (PC) across the plasma membrane attributed to enhanced PC-specific flippase activity. We also assign a novel role to Rta3 in the Bcr1-regulated pathway for in vivo biofilm development. Transcriptome analysis reveals that Rta3 regulates expression of Bcr1 target genes involved in cell surface properties, adhesion, and hyphal growth. We show that rta3Δ/Δ mutant is biofilm-defective in a rat venous catheter model of infection and that BCR1 overexpression rescues this defect, indicating that Bcr1 functions downstream of Rta3 to mediate biofilm formation in C. albicans. The identification of this novel Rta3-dependent regulatory network that governs biofilm formation and PC asymmetry across the plasma membrane will provide important insights into C. albicans pathogenesis.
Published: 2017

19. A Mycoses Study Group international prospective study of phaeohyphomycosis: an analysis of 99 proven/probable cases

Author: Revankar, Sanjay G, Baddley, John W, Chen, Sharon C-A, Kauffman, Carol A, Slavin, Monica, Vazquez, Jose A, Seas, Carlos, Morris, Michele I, Nguyen, M Hong, Shoham, Shmuel, Thompson, George R, Alexander, Barbara D, Simkins, Jacques, Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, Mullane, Kathleen, Alangaden, George, Andes, David R, Cornely, Oliver A, Wahlers, Kerstin, Lockhart, Shawn R, and Pappas, Peter G
Subjects: Infectious Diseases, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, dematiaceous fungus, itraconazole, phaeohyphomycosis, voriconazole
Abstract: BackgroundPhaeohyphomycosis is infection caused by dematiaceous, or darkly pigmented, fungi. The spectrum of disease is broad, and optimal therapy remains poorly defined. The Mycoses Study Group established an international case registry of patients with proven/probable phaeohyphomycosis with the goal of improving the recognition and management of these infections.MethodsPatients from 18 sites in 3 countries were enrolled from 2009-2015. Cases were categorized as local superficial, local deep (pulmonary, sinus, osteoarticular infections), and disseminated infections. End points were clinical response (partial and complete) and all-cause mortality at 30 days and end of follow-up.ResultsOf 99 patients, 32 had local superficial infection, 41 had local deep infection, and 26 had disseminated infection. The most common risk factors were corticosteroids, solid organ transplantation, malignancy, and diabetes. Cultures were positive in 98% of cases. All-cause mortality was 16% at 30 days and 33% at end of follow-up, and 18 of 26 (69%) with dissemination died. Itraconazole was most commonly used for local infections, and voriconazole was used for more severe infections, often in combination with terbinafine or amphotericin B.ConclusionsPhaeohyphomycosis is an increasingly recognized infection. Culture remains the most frequently used diagnostic method. Triazoles are currently the drugs of choice, often combined with other agents. Further studies are needed to develop optimal therapies for disseminated infections.
Published: 2017

20. In vivo pharmacodynamic characterization of a next-generation polyene, SF001, in the invasive pulmonary aspergillosis mouse model

Author: Lepak, Alexander J., primary, VanScoy, Brian, additional, Rubino, Chris, additional, Ambrose, Paul G., additional, and Andes, David R., additional
Published: 2024
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21. Modeling Invasive Aspergillosis Risk for the Application of Prophylaxis Strategies

Author: Young, Jo-Anne H, primary, Andes, David R, additional, Ardura, Monica I, additional, Arrieta, Antonio, additional, Bow, Eric J, additional, Chandrasekar, Pranatharthi H, additional, Chen, Sharon C A, additional, Hammond, Sarah P, additional, Husain, Shahid, additional, Koo, Sophia, additional, Lavergne, Valéry, additional, Nguyen, M Hong, additional, Patterson, Thomas F, additional, So, Miranda, additional, Thompson, George R, additional, Morrissey, C Orla, additional, and Schuster, Mindy G, additional
Published: 2024
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22. Global Identification of Biofilm-Specific Proteolysis in Candida albicans

Author: Winter, Michael B, Salcedo, Eugenia C, Lohse, Matthew B, Hartooni, Nairi, Gulati, Megha, Sanchez, Hiram, Takagi, Julie, Hube, Bernhard, Andes, David R, Johnson, Alexander D, Craik, Charles S, and Nobile, Clarissa J
Subjects: Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Microbiology, Clinical Sciences, Medical Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Infection, Animals, Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases, Biofilms, Candida albicans, Candidiasis, Catheter-Related Infections, Disease Models, Animal, Fungal Proteins, Proteolysis, Proteome, Rats, Biochemistry and cell biology, Medical microbiology
Abstract: UnlabelledCandida albicans is a fungal species that is part of the normal human microbiota and also an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing mucosal and systemic infections. C. albicans cells proliferate in a planktonic (suspension) state, but they also form biofilms, organized and tightly packed communities of cells attached to a solid surface. Biofilms colonize many niches of the human body and persist on implanted medical devices, where they are a major source of new C. albicans infections. Here, we used an unbiased and global substrate-profiling approach to discover proteolytic activities produced specifically by C. albicans biofilms, compared to planktonic cells, with the goal of identifying potential biofilm-specific diagnostic markers and targets for therapeutic intervention. This activity-based profiling approach, coupled with proteomics, identified Sap5 (Candidapepsin-5) and Sap6 (Candidapepsin-6) as major biofilm-specific proteases secreted by C. albicans Fluorogenic peptide substrates with selectivity for Sap5 or Sap6 confirmed that their activities are highly upregulated in C. albicans biofilms; we also show that these activities are upregulated in other Candida clade pathogens. Deletion of the SAP5 and SAP6 genes in C. albicans compromised biofilm development in vitro in standard biofilm assays and in vivo in a rat central venous catheter biofilm model. This work establishes secreted proteolysis as a promising enzymatic marker and potential therapeutic target for Candida biofilm formation.ImportanceBiofilm formation by the opportunistic fungal pathogen C. albicans is a major cause of life-threatening infections. This work provides a global characterization of secreted proteolytic activity produced specifically by C. albicans biofilms. We identify activity from the proteases Sap5 and Sap6 as highly upregulated during C. albicans biofilm formation and develop Sap-cleavable fluorogenic substrates that enable the detection of biofilms from C. albicans and also from additional pathogenic Candida species. Furthermore, SAP5 and SAP6 deletions confirm that both proteases are required for proper biofilm development in vitro and in vivo We propose that secreted proteolysis is a promising marker for the diagnosis and potential therapeutic targeting of Candida biofilm-associated infections.
Published: 2016

23. Liposomal formulation of a new antifungal hybrid compound provides protection against Candida auris in the ex vivo skin colonization model

Author: Jaromin, Anna, Zarnowski, Robert, Markowski, Adam, Zagórska, Agnieszka, Johnson, Chad J., Etezadi, Haniyeh, Kihara, Shinji, Mota-Santiago, Pablo, Nett, Jeniel E., Boyd, Ben J., Andes, David R., Jaromin, Anna, Zarnowski, Robert, Markowski, Adam, Zagórska, Agnieszka, Johnson, Chad J., Etezadi, Haniyeh, Kihara, Shinji, Mota-Santiago, Pablo, Nett, Jeniel E., Boyd, Ben J., and Andes, David R.
Abstract: The newly emerged pathogen, Candida auris, presents a serious threat to public health worldwide. This multidrug-resistant yeast often colonizes and persists on the skin of patients, can easily spread from person to person, and can cause life-threatening systemic infections. New antifungal therapies are therefore urgently needed to limit and control both superficial and systemic C. auris infections. In this study, we designed a novel antifungal agent, PQA-Az-13, that contains a combination of indazole, pyrrolidine, and arylpiperazine scaffolds substituted with a trifluoromethyl moiety. PQA-Az-13 demonstrated antifungal activity against biofilms of a set of 10 different C. auris clinical isolates, representing all four geographical clades distinguished within this species. This compound showed strong activity, with MIC values between 0.67 and 1.25 µg/mL. Cellular proteomics indicated that PQA-Az-13 partially or completely inhibited numerous enzymatic proteins in C. auris biofilms, particularly those involved in both amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism processes, as well as in general energy-producing processes. Due to its hydrophobic nature and limited aqueous solubility, PQA-Az-13 was encapsulated in cationic liposomes composed of soybean phosphatidylcholine (SPC), 1,2-dioleoyloxy-3-trimethylammonium-propane chloride (DOTAP), and N-(carbonyl-methoxypolyethylene glycol-2000)-1,2-distearoyl-snglycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, sodium salt (DSPE-PEG 2000), and characterized by biophysical and spectral techniques. These PQA-Az-13-loaded liposomes displayed a mean size of 76.4 nm, a positive charge of +45.0 mV, a high encapsulation efficiency of 97.2%, excellent stability, and no toxicity to normal human dermal fibroblasts. PQA-Az-13 liposomes demonstrated enhanced antifungal activity levels against both C. auris in in vitro biofilms and ex vivo skin colonization models. These initial results suggest that molecules like PQA-Az-13 warrant further study and development.
Published: 2024

24. An expanded regulatory network temporally controls Candida albicans biofilm formation

Author: Fox, Emily P, Bui, Catherine K, Nett, Jeniel E, Hartooni, Nairi, Mui, Michael C, Andes, David R, Nobile, Clarissa J, and Johnson, Alexander D
Subjects: Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Biofilms, Candida albicans, Fungal Proteins, Gene Expression, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Biological sciences
Abstract: Candida albicans biofilms are composed of highly adherent and densely arranged cells with properties distinct from those of free-floating (planktonic) cells. These biofilms are a significant medical problem because they commonly form on implanted medical devices, are drug resistant and are difficult to remove. C. albicans biofilms are not static structures; rather they are dynamic and develop over time. Here we characterize gene expression in biofilms during their development, and by comparing them to multiple planktonic reference states, we identify patterns of gene expression relevant to biofilm formation. In particular, we document time-dependent changes in genes involved in adhesion and metabolism, both of which are at the core of biofilm development. Additionally, we identify three new regulators of biofilm formation, Flo8, Gal4, and Rfx2, which play distinct roles during biofilm development over time. Flo8 is required for biofilm formation at all time points, and Gal4 and Rfx2 are needed for proper biofilm formation at intermediate time points.
Published: 2015

25. A small molecule produced by Lactobacillus species blocks Candida albicans filamentation by inhibiting a DYRK1-family kinase

Author: MacAlpine, Jessie, Daniel-Ivad, Martin, Liu, Zhongle, Yano, Junko, Revie, Nicole M., Todd, Robert T., Stogios, Peter J., Sanchez, Hiram, O’Meara, Teresa R., Tompkins, Thomas A., Savchenko, Alexei, Selmecki, Anna, Veri, Amanda O., Andes, David R., Fidel, Jr., Paul L., Robbins, Nicole, Nodwell, Justin, Whitesell, Luke, and Cowen, Leah E.
Published: 2021
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26. Coordination of fungal biofilm development by extracellular vesicle cargo

Author: Zarnowski, Robert, Noll, Andrea, Chevrette, Marc G., Sanchez, Hiram, Jones, Ryley, Anhalt, Hanna, Fossen, Jen, Jaromin, Anna, Currie, Cameron, Nett, Jeniel E., Mitchell, Aaron, and Andes, David R.
Published: 2021
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27. Exploiting the vulnerable active site of a copper-only superoxide dismutase to disrupt fungal pathogenesis

Author: Robinett, Natalie G., Culbertson, Edward M., Peterson, Ryan L., Sanchez, Hiram, Andes, David R., Nett, Jeniel E., and Culotta, Valeria C.
Published: 2019
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28. A Histone Deacetylase Complex Mediates Biofilm Dispersal and Drug Resistance in Candida albicans

Author: Nobile, Clarissa J, Fox, Emily P, Hartooni, Nairi, Mitchell, Kaitlin F, Hnisz, Denes, Andes, David R, Kuchler, Karl, and Johnson, Alexander D
Subjects: Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Antimicrobial Resistance, Infectious Diseases, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Infection, Antifungal Agents, Biofilms, Candida albicans, Candidiasis, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Fluconazole, Fungal Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Histone Deacetylases, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Biochemistry and cell biology, Medical microbiology
Abstract: UnlabelledBiofilms are resilient, surface-associated communities of cells with specialized properties (e.g., resistance to drugs and mechanical forces) that are distinct from those of suspension (planktonic) cultures. Biofilm formation by the opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans is medically relevant because C. albicans infections are highly correlated with implanted medical devices, which provide efficient substrates for biofilm formation; moreover, biofilms are inherently resistant to antifungal drugs. Biofilms are also important for C. albicans to colonize diverse niches of the human host. Here, we describe four core members of a conserved histone deacetylase complex in C. albicans (Set3, Hos2, Snt1, and Sif2) and explore the effects of their mutation on biofilm formation. We find that these histone deacetylase complex members are needed for proper biofilm formation, including dispersal of cells from biofilms and multifactorial drug resistance. Our results underscore the importance of the physical properties of biofilms in contributing to drug resistance and dispersal and lay a foundation for new strategies to target biofilm dispersal as a potential antifungal intervention.ImportanceThrough the formation of biofilms--surface-associated communities of cells--microorganisms can establish infections, become drug resistant, and evade the host immune system. Here we investigate how four core members of a conserved histone deacetylase complex mediate biofilm formation by Candida albicans, the major fungal pathogen of humans. We show that this histone deacetylase complex is required for biofilm dispersal, a process through which cells leave the biofilm to establish new infections. We also show that the deacetylase complex mediates biofilm drug resistance. This work provides new insight into how the physical properties of biofilms affect dispersal and drug resistance and suggests new potential antifungal strategies that could be effective against biofilms.
Published: 2014

29. Failure of Clindamycin To Eradicate Infection with Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci Inducibly Resistant to Clindamycin in an Animal Model and in Human Infections

Author: Lewis, James S, Lepak, Alex J, Thompson, George R, Craig, William A, Andes, David R, Sabol-Dzintars, Kathryn E, and Jorgensen, James H
Subjects: Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Antimicrobial Resistance, Biodefense, Vaccine Related, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Infectious Diseases, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, Infection, Adult, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Clindamycin, Disease Models, Animal, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Female, Humans, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred ICR, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Streptococcal Infections, Streptococcus, Treatment Failure, Medical Microbiology, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical microbiology, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Abstract: Inducible clindamycin resistance in beta-hemolytic streptococci remains an underrecognized phenomenon of unknown clinical significance. We performed an evaluation of inducible clindamycin resistance using an animal model as well as retrospectively reviewing the charts of patients treated with clindamycin monotherapy who were infected with beta-hemolytic streptococci inducibly resistant to clindamycin. The neutropenic mouse thigh model of infection was used to evaluate the in vivo activity of clindamycin against beta-hemolytic streptococci, including isolates susceptible, inducibly resistant, or constitutively resistant to clindamycin. The clinical microbiology laboratory information system and pharmacy databases were cross-referenced to identify patients with infections due to inducibly clindamycin-resistant beta-hemolytic streptococci who were treated with clindamycin monotherapy. Medical records of these patients were reviewed to evaluate microbiologic and clinical outcomes. Inducible clindamycin resistance resulted in impaired killing of beta-hemolytic streptococci in the animal model. Though suppressed initially, compared to those with constitutive resistance (P=0.0429), by 48 h, colony counts of inducibly clindamycin-resistant organisms were similar to those of constitutively resistant isolates (P=0.1142). In addition, we identified 8 patients infected with inducibly clindamycin-resistant beta-hemolytic streptococci who experienced clinical and microbiologic failure when treated with clindamycin monotherapy. These patients either improved initially and subsequently failed or never responded to clindamycin therapy. We have demonstrated in a murine model of infection and from human cases that inducible clindamycin resistance in beta-hemolytic streptococci is clinically significant. Routine testing and reporting by clinical laboratories should be encouraged and alternative antimicrobial agents considered when these organisms are encountered in clinical care.
Published: 2014

30. Metabolic reprogramming during Candida albicans planktonic-biofilm transition is modulated by the transcription factors Zcf15 and Zcf26.

Author: Rai, Laxmi Shanker, Chauvel, Murielle, Sanchez, Hiram, van Wijlick, Lasse, Maufrais, Corinne, Cokelaer, Thomas, Sertour, Natacha, Legrand, Mélanie, Sanyal, Kaustuv, Andes, David R., Bachellier-Bassi, Sophie, and d'Enfert, Christophe
Subjects: CANDIDA albicans, METABOLIC reprogramming, TRANSCRIPTION factors, KREBS cycle, ARTIFICIAL implants, HUMAN microbiota
Abstract: Candida albicans is a commensal of the human microbiota that can form biofilms on implanted medical devices. These biofilms are tolerant to antifungals and to the host immune system. To identify novel genes modulating C. albicans biofilm formation, we performed a large-scale screen with 2,454 C. albicans doxycycline-dependent overexpression strains and identified 16 genes whose overexpression significantly hampered biofilm formation. Among those, overexpression of the ZCF15 and ZCF26 paralogs that encode transcription factors and have orthologs only in biofilm-forming species of the Candida clade, caused impaired biofilm formation both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, overexpression of ZCF15 impeded biofilm formation without any defect in hyphal growth. Transcript profiling, transcription factor binding, and phenotypic microarray analyses conducted upon overexpression of ZCF15 and ZCF26 demonstrated their role in reprogramming cellular metabolism by regulating central metabolism including glyoxylate and tricarboxylic acid cycle genes. Taken together, this study has identified a new set of biofilm regulators, including ZCF15 and ZCF26, that appear to control biofilm development through their specific role in metabolic remodeling. Fungal biofilms are complex communities that can form on surfaces of implanted medical devices. This study uses an overexpression screen to identify novel modulators of Candida albicans biofilm formation, revealing that the transcription factors ZCF15 and ZCF26 regulate metabolic reprogramming during the transition from planktonic to biofilm growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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31. Liposomal formulation of a new antifungal hybrid compound provides protection against Candida auris in the ex vivo skin colonization model

Author: Jaromin, Anna, primary, Zarnowski, Robert, additional, Markowski, Adam, additional, Zagórska, Agnieszka, additional, Johnson, Chad J., additional, Etezadi, Haniyeh, additional, Kihara, Shinji, additional, Mota-Santiago, Pablo, additional, Nett, Jeniel E., additional, Boyd, Ben J., additional, and Andes, David R., additional
Published: 2023
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32. Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccination

Author: Rick, Anne-Marie, primary, Laurens, Matthew B., additional, Huang, Ying, additional, Yu, Chenchen, additional, Martin, Thomas C.S., additional, Rodriguez, Carina A., additional, Rostad, Christina A., additional, Maboa, Rebone M., additional, Baden, Lindsey R., additional, El Sahly, Hana M., additional, Grinsztejn, Beatriz, additional, Gray, Glenda E., additional, Gay, Cynthia L., additional, Gilbert, Peter B., additional, Janes, Holly E., additional, Kublin, James G., additional, Huang, Yunda, additional, Leav, Brett, additional, Hirsch, Ian, additional, Struyf, Frank, additional, Dunkle, Lisa M., additional, Neuzil, Kathleen M., additional, Corey, Lawrence, additional, Goepfert, Paul A., additional, Walsh, Stephen R., additional, Follmann, Dean, additional, Kotloff, Karen L., additional, Adams, Atoya, additional, Miller, Eric, additional, Rankin, Bruce G., additional, Shinn, Steven, additional, Nash, Marshall, additional, Green, Sinikka L., additional, Jacobsen, Colleen, additional, Krishnankutty, Jayasree, additional, Phungwayo, Sikhongi, additional, Glover, Richard M., additional, Slechta, Stacy, additional, Holdeman, Troy, additional, Hartvickson, Robyn, additional, Grant, Amber, additional, Poling, Terry L., additional, Klein, Terry D., additional, Klein, Thomas C., additional, Klein, Tracy R., additional, Smith, William B., additional, Gibson, Richard L., additional, Winbigler, Jennifer, additional, Parker, Elizabeth, additional, Wijewardane, Priyantha N., additional, Bravo, Eric, additional, Thessing, Jeffrey, additional, Maxwell, Michelle, additional, Horn, Amanda, additional, Healy, Catherine Mary, additional, Akamine, Christine, additional, Chu, Laurence, additional, Chouteau, R. Michelle, additional, Cotugno, Michael J., additional, Bauer, George H., additional, Hachigian, Greg, additional, Oshita, Masaru, additional, Cancilla, Michael, additional, Kiersey, Kristen, additional, Seger, William, additional, Antwi, Mohammed, additional, Green, Allison, additional, Kim, Anthony, additional, Desjardins, Michael, additional, Johnson, Jennifer A., additional, Sherman, Amy, additional, Borger, Judith, additional, Saleem, Nafisa, additional, Solis, Joel, additional, Medina, Martha Carmen, additional, Keating, Westly, additional, Garcia, Edgar, additional, Bueno, Cynthia, additional, Segall, Nathan, additional, Denham, Douglas S., additional, Weiss, Thomas, additional, Avworo, Ayoade, additional, Hedges, Parke, additional, Strout, Cynthia Becher, additional, Santiago, Rica, additional, Davis, Yvonne, additional, Howenstine, Patty, additional, Bondell, Alison, additional, Marks, Kristin, additional, Wang, Tina, additional, Wilkin, Timothy, additional, Vogler, Mary, additional, Johnston, Carrie, additional, Andrasik, Michele P., additional, Andriesen, Jessica G., additional, Broder, Gail, additional, Eaton, Niles, additional, Gelderblom, Huub G., additional, McClennen, Rachael, additional, Michael, Nelson, additional, Robb, Merlin, additional, Sopher, Carrie, additional, Miller, Vicki E., additional, Santiago, Fredric, additional, Gomez, Blanca, additional, Valika, Insiya, additional, Starr, Amy, additional, Cantos, Valeria D., additional, Kandiah, Sheetal, additional, Rio, Carlos del, additional, Rouphael, Nadine, additional, Edupuganti, Srilatha, additional, Anderson, Evan J., additional, Camacho-Gonzalez, Andres, additional, Kamidani, Satoshi, additional, Teherani, Meghan, additional, Diemert, David J., additional, Malkin, Elissa, additional, Siegel, Marc, additional, Roberts, Afsoon, additional, Simon, Gary, additional, Balani, Bindu, additional, Stephenson, Carolene, additional, Sperber, Steven, additional, Cicogna, Cristina, additional, Zervos, Marcus J., additional, Kilgore, Paul, additional, Ramesh, Mayur, additional, Herc, Erica, additional, Zenlea, Kate, additional, Burgher, Abram, additional, Milliken, Ann M., additional, Davis, Joseph D., additional, Levy, Brendan, additional, Kelman, Sandra, additional, Doust, Matthew W., additional, Sample, Denise, additional, Erickson, Sandra, additional, Christensen, Shane G., additional, Matich, Christopher, additional, Longe, James, additional, Witbeck, John, additional, Peterson, James T., additional, Clark, Alexander, additional, Kelty, Gerald, additional, Pena-Renteria, Issac, additional, Koren, Michael J., additional, Bartilucci, Darlene, additional, Patel, Alpa, additional, Tran, Carolyn, additional, Kennelly, Christina, additional, Brownlee, Robert, additional, Coleman, Jacob, additional, Webster, Hala, additional, Fierro, Carlos A., additional, Leistner, Natalia, additional, Thompson, Amy, additional, Gonzalez, Celia, additional, Jackson, Lisa A., additional, Suyehira, Janice, additional, Haber, Milton, additional, Regalado, Maria M., additional, Procasky, Veronica, additional, Lutat, Alisha, additional, Griffin, Carl P., additional, Hollister, Ripley R., additional, Brown, Jeremy, additional, Ronk, Melody, additional, Harper, Wayne L., additional, Cohen, Lisa, additional, Eckert, Lynn, additional, Hong, Matthew, additional, Rouhbakhsh, Rambod, additional, Danford, Elizabeth, additional, Johnson, John, additional, Calderone, Richard, additional, Khetan, Shishir K., additional, Olanrewaju, Oyebisi, additional, Zhai, Nan, additional, Nieves, Kimberly, additional, O'Brien, Allison, additional, Bradley, Paul S., additional, Lilienthal, Amanda, additional, Callis, Jim, additional, Brosz, Adam B., additional, Clement, Andrea, additional, West, Whitney, additional, Friesen, Luke, additional, Cramer, Paul, additional, Eder, Frank S., additional, Little, Ryan, additional, Engler, Victoria, additional, Rattenbury-Shaw, Heather, additional, Ensz, David J., additional, Oplinger, Allie, additional, Essink, Brandon J., additional, Meyer, Jay, additional, Raiser, Frederick, additional, Mueller, Kimberly, additional, Vrbicky, Keith W., additional, Harper, Charles, additional, Nutsch, Chelsie, additional, Lewis, Wendell, additional, Laflan, Cathy, additional, Whatley, Jordan L., additional, Harrell, Nicole, additional, Shannon, Amie, additional, Rowell, Crystal, additional, Dedon, Christopher, additional, Makhene, Mamodikoe, additional, Gottschlich, Gregory M., additional, Harden, Kate, additional, Gottschlich, Melissa, additional, Smith, Mary, additional, Powell, Richard, additional, Kimmel, Murray A., additional, Pinto, Simmy, additional, Vachris, Timothy P., additional, Hutchens, Mark, additional, Daniels, Stephen, additional, Wells, Margaret, additional, Van Der Leden, Mimi, additional, Jackson-Booth, Peta-Gay, additional, Baron, Mira, additional, Kane, Pamela, additional, Seversen, Shannen, additional, Kryvicky, Mara, additional, Lord, Julia, additional, Saleh, Jamshid, additional, Miles, Matthew, additional, Lupercio, Rafael, additional, McGettigan, John W., additional, Patton, Walter, additional, Brakema, Riemke, additional, Choquette, Karin, additional, McGettigan, Jonlyn, additional, Kirstein, Judith L., additional, Bernard, Marcia, additional, Manning, Mary Beth, additional, Rothenberg, Joan, additional, Briskin, Toby, additional, Roadman, Denise, additional, Tedder-Edwards, Sharita, additional, Schwartz, Howard I., additional, Mederos, Surisday, additional, Swaminathan, Shobha, additional, Nyaku, Amesika, additional, Varughese, Tilly, additional, DallaPiazza, Michelle, additional, Frey, Sharon E., additional, Graham, Irene, additional, Abate, Getahun, additional, Hoft, Daniel, additional, Allen, Leland N., additional, Edwards, Leslie A., additional, Davis, William S., additional, Mena, Jessica M., additional, Kutner, Mark E., additional, Caso, Jorge, additional, Moran, Maria Hernandez, additional, Carvajal, Marianela, additional, Mendez, Janet, additional, Wadsworth, Larkin T., additional, Adams, Michael R., additional, Iverson, Leslie, additional, Newberg, Joseph L., additional, Pearlman, Laura, additional, Nugent, Paul J., additional, Reynolds, Michele D., additional, Bashour, Jennifer, additional, Schmidt, Robert, additional, Sheth, Neil P., additional, Steil, Kenneth, additional, Toma, Ramy J., additional, Kirby, William, additional, Folmar, Pink, additional, Williams, Samantha, additional, Pickrell, Paul, additional, Mott, Stefanie, additional, Linebarger, Carol Ann, additional, Malbari, Hussain, additional, Pampe, David, additional, Fragoso, Veronica G., additional, Holloway, Lisa, additional, McKeown-Bragas, Cecilia, additional, Becker, Teresa, additional, Williams, Barton G., additional, Jones, William H., additional, Clark, Jesse L., additional, Shoptaw, Steven, additional, Vertucci, Michele, additional, Hernandez, Will, additional, Spector, Stephen A., additional, Moodley, Amaran, additional, Blumenthal, Jill, additional, Stangl, Lisa, additional, Deutsch, Karen, additional, Mullane, Kathleen M., additional, Pitrak, David, additional, Nuss, Cheryl, additional, Pi, Judy, additional, Fichtenbaum, Carl, additional, Powers-Fletcher, Margaret, additional, Saemann, Michelle, additional, Kohrs, Sharon, additional, Campbell, Thomas B., additional, Lauria, Andrew, additional, Mancilla, Jose C., additional, Dunlevy, Hillary, additional, Novak, Richard M., additional, Wendrow, Andrea, additional, Borgetti, Scott, additional, Ladner, Ben, additional, Chrisley, Lisa, additional, Young, Cheryl, additional, Doblecki-Lewis, Susanne, additional, Alcaide, Maria L., additional, Gonzales-Zamora, Jose, additional, Morris, Stephen, additional, Wohl, David, additional, Eron, Joseph, additional, Frank, Ian, additional, Dunbar, Debora, additional, Metzger, David, additional, Momplaisir, Florence, additional, Martin, Judith, additional, Hoberman, Alejandro, additional, Shope, Timothy, additional, Muniz, Gysella, additional, Rupp, Richard, additional, Stanford, Amber, additional, Berman, Megan, additional, Porterfield, Laura, additional, Lewis, Michael, additional, Ghadishah, Elham, additional, Yusin, Joseph, additional, Pham, Mai, additional, Creech, Clarence B., additional, Walker, Shannon, additional, Rolsma, Stephanie, additional, Samuels, Robert, additional, Thomsen, Isaac, additional, Kalams, Spyros A., additional, Wilson, Greg, additional, Lucksinger, Gregg H., additional, Parks, Kevin, additional, Israelsen, Ryan, additional, Ostovar, Jaleh, additional, Kelly, Kary, additional, Overcash, Jeffrey S., additional, Chu, Hanh, additional, Lee, Kia, additional, De La Cruz, Luis I., additional, Clemons, Steve, additional, Everette, Elizabeth, additional, Studdard, Suzanna, additional, Mohan, Gowdhami, additional, Tyson, Stefanie, additional, Peay, Alyssa-Kay, additional, Johnson, Danyel, additional, Feldman, Gregory J., additional, Suen, May-Yin, additional, Muenzner, Jacqueline, additional, Boscia, Joseph, additional, Siddiqui, Farhan, additional, Sanders, John, additional, Peacock, James, additional, Nasim, Julio, additional, Levin, Michael L., additional, Hussey, Julie, additional, Kulic, Marcy, additional, McKenzie, Mark M., additional, Deese, Teresa, additional, Osmundsen, Erica, additional, Sweet, Christy, additional, Ebuh, Valentine M., additional, Elnagar, Elwaleed, additional, Ebuh, Georgette, additional, Iwuala, Genevieve, additional, Han-Conrad, Laurie J., additional, Simmons, Todd, additional, Tarakjian, Denis, additional, Ackermann, Jeremy, additional, Adams, Mark S., additional, Alemán, José O., additional, Al-Ibrahim, Mohamed S., additional, Andes, David R., additional, Andrews, Jeb, additional, Arduino, Roberto C., additional, Bäcker, Martín, additional, Badillo, Diana, additional, Bainbridge, Emma, additional, Batteiger, Teresa A., additional, Bazan, Jose A., additional, Bedimo, Roger J., additional, Benitez, Jorge A., additional, Bennett, Annette R., additional, Bernstein, David I., additional, Bialobok, Kristin, additional, Boas, Rebecca, additional, Brady, Judith, additional, Brown, Cynthia, additional, Bunce, Catherine A., additional, Call, Robert S., additional, Campbell, Wesley, additional, Carmody, Ellie, additional, Carpenter, Christopher, additional, Carsons, Steven E., additional, Castellon, Marvin, additional, Castro, Mario, additional, Catan, Hannah, additional, Chang, Jennifer, additional, Chebib, Mouna G., additional, Chen, Corey M., additional, Cheng, Margaret, additional, Chow, Brian D.W., additional, Ciambruschini, Annie, additional, Connor, Joseph P., additional, Conway, James H., additional, Cooney, Maureen, additional, Curlin, Marcel, additional, De La Matta Rodriguez, Claudia, additional, Dedon, Jon F., additional, Degan, Emily, additional, Dickey, Michelle, additional, Dietz, Craig, additional, Dong, Jennifer L., additional, Dorcely, Brenda, additional, Dube, Michael P., additional, Dyer, Carmel B., additional, Eckhardt, Benjamin, additional, Ellerbeck, Edward, additional, Ewers, Evan C., additional, Falk, Amy, additional, Feijoo, Brittany, additional, Felsen, Uriel R., additional, Fiel, Tom, additional, Fitz-Patrick, David, additional, Fogarty, Charles M., additional, Ford, Stacy, additional, Forero, Lina M., additional, Formentini, Elizabeth, additional, Franco-Vitteri, Doris, additional, Frenck, Robert W., additional, Gharib, Elie, additional, Gharib, Suzanne, additional, Rucker, Rola G., additional, Goldenberg, James N., additional, González, Luis H., additional, Gray, Brett, additional, Greene, Rusty, additional, Grossberg, Robert M., additional, Guanira-Carranza, Juan V., additional, Guerreros Benavides, Alfredo Gilberto, additional, Guillory, Clint C., additional, Gunaratne, Shauna H., additional, Halpert, David, additional, Hamilton, Holli, additional, Hartman, William R., additional, Henderson, Sheryl L., additional, Herati, Ramin, additional, Guarin, Laura Hernandez, additional, Hilder, Robin, additional, Ho, Ken, additional, Hojat, Leila, additional, Hosek, Sybil G., additional, Jacobson, Jeffrey M., additional, Jay, Melanie, additional, Johnson, Diane H., additional, Jones, Kathleen S., additional, Jones-López, Edward C., additional, Justman, Jessica E., additional, Kahney, Scott, additional, Katz, Lois, additional, Katz, Melinda, additional, Kaul, Daniel, additional, Keefer, Michael C., additional, Kennedy, Ashley, additional, Knishinsky, Jennifer, additional, Kogelman, Laura, additional, Koletar, Susan L., additional, Kottkamp, Angelica, additional, Laguio-Vila, Maryrose, additional, Landovitz, Raphael J., additional, Lee, Jessica L., additional, Liu, Albert, additional, Llerena Zegarra, Eneyda Giuvanela, additional, Lok, Anna S., additional, Lovell, James, additional, Lubelchek, Ronald, additional, Lucaj, John, additional, Luckasen, Gary, additional, Luetkemeyer, Annie, additional, Lugogo, Njira Lucia, additional, Maenza, Janine, additional, Malvestutto, Carlos, additional, Mauri, Monica, additional, Maves, Ryan C., additional, Mayer, Kenneth H., additional, McCartney, Michael J., additional, McCort, Margaret E., additional, McElrath, M. Juliana, additional, McNairy, Meredith, additional, Merino, Fernando L., additional, Meyerowitz, Eric A., additional, Mitchell, Carol L., additional, Monaco, Cynthia L., additional, Muhammad, Sauda, additional, Muñoz-Gómez, Sigridh, additional, Munsiff, Sonal, additional, Nee, Paul, additional, Nollen, Nicole L., additional, Noor, Asif, additional, Lagos, Claudio Nuñez, additional, Okulicz, Jason F., additional, Oliver, Patrick A., additional, Ortega, Jessica, additional, Palmer, Steven, additional, Parameswaran, Lalitha, additional, Parikh, Purvi, additional, Parker, Susan, additional, Parungao, Reza, additional, Pavie, Juana R., additional, Madan, Rebecca P., additional, Peralta, Henry, additional, Petts, Jennifer, additional, Pierce, Kristen K., additional, Pretell Alva, E. Javier, additional, Purpura, Lawrence J., additional, Raabe, Vanessa, additional, Recuenco, Sergio E., additional, Richards, Tamara, additional, Riddler, Sharon A., additional, Rizzardi, Barbara, additional, Rokser, Rachel, additional, Rolle, Charlotte-Paige, additional, Rosen, Adam, additional, Rosen, Jeffrey, additional, Freese, Lena R., additional, Santolaya, María E., additional, Schipani, Linda M., additional, Schwartz, Adam, additional, Schwasinger-Schmidt, Tiffany, additional, Scott, Hyman, additional, Sha, Beverly E., additional, Shankaran, Shivanjali, additional, Shapiro, Adrienne E., additional, Sharp, Stephan C., additional, Shopsin, Bo, additional, Sims, Matthew D., additional, Skipper, Stephanie, additional, Smith, Derek M., additional, Smith, Michael J., additional, Sobhanie, M. Mahdee, additional, Sovic, Brit, additional, Sterling, Stephanie, additional, Striker, Robert, additional, Tafur Bances, Karla Beatriz, additional, Talaat, Kawsar R., additional, Tavel, Edward M., additional, Tieu, Hong V., additional, Tomaszewski, Christian, additional, Tomlinson, Ryan, additional, Torres, Juan P., additional, Torres, Julian A., additional, Treanor, John J., additional, Tukuru, Sade, additional, Ulrich, Robert J., additional, Utz, Gregory C., additional, Viar, Veronica, additional, Viau Colindres, Roberto A., additional, Walsh, Edward E., additional, Walsh, Mary C., additional, Walter, Emmanuel B., additional, Weidler, Jessica L., additional, Wu, Yi H., additional, Yang, Kinara S., additional, Yrivarren Giorza, Juan Luis, additional, Zemanek, Arthur L., additional, Zhang, Kevin, additional, Zingman, Barry S., additional, Gorman, Richard, additional, Paez, Carmen A., additional, Swann, Edith, additional, Takuva, Simbarashe G., additional, Greninger, Alex, additional, Roychoudhury, Pavitra, additional, Coombs, Robert W., additional, Jerome, Keith R., additional, Castellino, Flora, additional, Tong, Xiaomi, additional, Pavetto, Corrina, additional, Gipson, Teletha, additional, Tong, Tina, additional, Lee, Marina, additional, Zhou, James, additional, Fay, Michael, additional, McQuarrie, Kelly, additional, Nnadi, Chimeremma, additional, Sogbetun, Obiageli, additional, Ahmad, Nina, additional, De Proost, Ian, additional, Hoseyni, Cyrus, additional, Coplan, Paul, additional, Khan, Najat, additional, Ronco, Peter, additional, Furey, Dawn, additional, Meck, Jodi, additional, Vingerhoets, Johan, additional, Brandenburg, Boerries, additional, Custers, Jerome, additional, Hendriks, Jenny, additional, Juraszek, Jarek, additional, Marit de Groot, Anne, additional, Van Roey, Griet, additional, Heerwegh, Dirk, additional, Van Dromme, Ilse, additional, Méndez Galván, Jorge F., additional, Carrascal, Monica B., additional, Duran, Adriana Sordo, additional, Sanchez Guerrero, Laura Ruy, additional, Gómora Madrid, Martha Cecilia, additional, Barrat Hernández, Alejandro Quintín, additional, Guizar, Sharzhaad Molina, additional, González Estrada, Denisse Alejandra, additional, Martínez Pérez, Silvano Omar, additional, Zárate Hinojosa, Zindy Yazmín, additional, Ruiz-Palacios, Guillermo Miguel, additional, Cruz-Valdez, Aurelio, additional, Pacheco-Flores, Janeth, additional, Lara, Anyela, additional, Díaz-Miralrio, Secia, additional, Reyes Fentanes, María José, additional, Olmos Vega, Jocelyn Zuleica, additional, Méndez, Daniela Pineda, additional, Martínez, Karina Cano, additional, Alvarez León, Winniberg Stephany, additional, Ruiz Herrera, Vida Veronica, additional, Vázquez Saldaña, Eduardo Gabriel, additional, Camacho Choza, Laura Julia, additional, Vega Orozco, Karen Sofia, additional, Ortega Domínguez, Sandra Janeth, additional, Chacón, Jorge A., additional, Rivera, Juan J., additional, Cutz, Erika A., additional, Ortegón, Maricruz E., additional, Rivera, María I., additional, Browder, David, additional, Burch, Cortney, additional, Moye, Terri, additional, Bondy, Paul, additional, Browder, Lesley, additional, Manning, Rickey D., additional, Hurst, James W., additional, Sturgeon, Rodney E., additional, Wakefield, Paul H., additional, Kirby, John A., additional, Andersen, James, additional, Fearon, Szheckera, additional, Negron, Rosa, additional, Medina, Amy, additional, Hill, John M., additional, Rajasekhar, Vivek, additional, Williams, Hayes, additional, Cade, LaShondra, additional, Fouts, Rhodna, additional, Moya, Connie, additional, Anderson, Corey G., additional, Devine, Naomi, additional, Ramsey, James, additional, Perez, Ashley, additional, Tatelbaum, David, additional, Jacobs, Michael, additional, Menasche, Kathleen, additional, Mirkil, Vincent, additional, Winkle, Peter J., additional, Haggag, Amina Z., additional, Haynes, Michelle, additional, Villegas, Marysol, additional, Raja, Sabina, additional, Riesenberg, Robert, additional, Plavin, Stanford, additional, Lerman, Mark, additional, Woodside, Leana, additional, Johnson, Maria, additional, Healy, C. Mary, additional, Whitaker, Jennifer A., additional, Keitel, Wendy A., additional, Atmar, Robert L., additional, Horwith, Gary, additional, Mason, Robin, additional, Johnson, Lisa, additional, Dora, Tambra, additional, Murray, Deborah, additional, Ledbetter, Logan, additional, Ewing, Beverly, additional, Stephenson, Kathryn E., additional, Tan, Chen S., additional, Zash, Rebecca, additional, Ansel, Jessica L., additional, Jaegle, Kate, additional, Guiney, Caitlin J., additional, Henderson, Jeffrey A., additional, O'Leary, Marcia, additional, Enright, Kendra, additional, Kessler, Jill, additional, Ducheneaux, Pete, additional, Inniss, Asha, additional, Brandon, Donald M., additional, Davis, William B., additional, Lawler, Daniel T., additional, Oppong, Yaa D., additional, Starr, Ryan P., additional, Syndergaard, Scott N., additional, Shelly, Rozeli, additional, Majumder, Mashrur Islam, additional, Sugimoto, Danny, additional, Dugas, Jeffrey, additional, Rijos, Dolores, additional, Shelton, Sandra, additional, Hong, Stephan, additional, Schwartz, Howard, additional, Sanchez-Crespo, Nelia, additional, Schwartz, Jennifer, additional, Piedra, Terry, additional, Corral, Barbara, additional, Medina, Carmen, additional, Dever, Michael E., additional, Shah, Mitul, additional, Delgado, Michael, additional, Scott, Tameika, additional, Usdan, Lisa S., additional, McGill, Lora J., additional, Arnold, Valerie K., additional, Scatamacchia, Carolyn, additional, Anthony, Codi M., additional, Merchant, Rajan, additional, Yoon, Anelgine C., additional, Hill, Janet, additional, Ng-Price, Lucy, additional, Thompson-Seim, Teri, additional, Ackerman, Ronald, additional, Ackerman, Jamie, additional, Aristy, Florida, additional, Ketter, Nzeera, additional, Finley, Jon, additional, Stull, Mildred, additional, Murray, Monica, additional, Rizvi, Zainab, additional, Guerrero, Sonia, additional, Paliwal, Yogesh K., additional, Paliwal, Amit, additional, Gordon, Sarah, additional, Gordon, Bryan, additional, Montano-Pereira, Cynthia, additional, Galloway, Christopher, additional, Montros, Candice, additional, Aleman, Lily, additional, Shairi, Samira, additional, Van Ever, Wesley, additional, Freeman, George H., additional, Harmon, Esther L., additional, Cross, Marshall A., additional, Sales, Kacie, additional, Gular, Catherine Q., additional, Hepburn, Matthew, additional, Alderson, Nathan, additional, Harshell, Shana, additional, Mahgoub, Siham, additional, Maxwell, Celia, additional, Mellman, Thomas, additional, Thompson, Karl M., additional, Wortman, Glenn, additional, Kingsley, Jeff, additional, Pixler, April, additional, Curry, LaKondria, additional, Afework, Sarah, additional, Swanson, Austin, additional, Jacqmein, Jeffry, additional, Bowers, Maggie, additional, Robison, Dawn, additional, Mosteller, Victoria, additional, Garvey, Janet, additional, Easley, Mary, additional, Kurnat, Rebecca J., additional, Cornelison, Raymond, additional, Gower, Shanda, additional, Schnitz, William, additional, Heinzig-Cartwright, Destiny S., additional, Lewis, Derek, additional, Newton, Fred E., additional, Duhart, Aeiress, additional, Watkins, Breanz, additional, Ball, Brandy, additional, York, Jill, additional, Pickle, Shelby, additional, Musante, David B., additional, Silver, William P., additional, Belhorn, Linda R., additional, Viens, Nicholas A., additional, Dellaero, David, additional, Patel, Priti, additional, Lisec, Kendra, additional, Safirstein, Beth, additional, Zapata, Luz, additional, Gonzalez, Lazaro, additional, Quevedo, Evelyn, additional, Irani, Farah, additional, Grillo, Joseph, additional, Potts, Amy, additional, White, Julie, additional, Flume, Patrick, additional, Headden, Gary, additional, Taylor, Brandie, additional, Warden, Ashley, additional, Chamberlain, Amy, additional, Jeanfreau, Robert, additional, Jeanfreau, Susan, additional, Matherne, Paul G., additional, Caldwell, Amy, additional, Stahl, Jessica, additional, Vowell, Mandy, additional, Newhouse, Lauren, additional, Berthaud, Vladimir, additional, Takizala, Zudi-Mwak, additional, Beninati, Genevieve, additional, Snell, Kimberly, additional, Baker, Sherrie, additional, Walker, James, additional, Harrison, Tavane, additional, Miller, Meagan, additional, Otto, Janet, additional, Gray, Roni, additional, Wilson, Christine, additional, Nemecek, Tiffany, additional, Harrington, Hannah, additional, Eppenbach, Sally, additional, Bourgeois, Tana, additional, Folsom, Lyndsea, additional, Holt, Gregory, additional, Mirsaeidi, Mehdi, additional, Calderon, Rafael, additional, Lichtenberger, Paola, additional, Quintero, Jalima, additional, Martinez, Becky, additional, Immergluck, Lilly, additional, Johnson, Erica, additional, Chan, Austin, additional, Fas, Norberto, additional, Thomas-Seaton, LaTeshia, additional, Khizer, Saadia, additional, Staben, Jonathan, additional, Beresnev, Tatiana, additional, Jahromi, Maryam, additional, Marovich, Mary A., additional, Hutter, Julia, additional, Nason, Martha, additional, Ledgerwood, Julie, additional, Mascola, John, additional, Leibowitz, Mark, additional, Morales, Fernanda, additional, Delgado, Mike, additional, Sanchez, Rosario, additional, Vega, Norma, additional, Áñez, Germán, additional, Albert, Gary, additional, Coston, Erin, additional, Desai, Chinar, additional, Dunbar, Haoua, additional, Eickhoff, Mark, additional, Garcia, Jenina, additional, Kautz, Margaret, additional, Lee, Angela, additional, Lewis, Maggie, additional, McGarry, Alice, additional, McKnight, Irene, additional, Nelson, Joy, additional, Newingham, Patrick, additional, Price-Abbott, Patty, additional, Reed, Patty, additional, Vegas, Diana, additional, Wilkinson, Bethanie, additional, Smith, Katherine, additional, Woo, Wayne, additional, Cho, Iksung, additional, Glenn, Gregory M., additional, Dubovsky, Filip, additional, Fried, David L., additional, Haughey, Lynne A., additional, Stanton, Ariana C., additional, Rameaka, Lisa Stevens, additional, Rosenberg, David, additional, Tomatsu, Lee, additional, Gonzalez, Viviana, additional, Manalo, Millie, additional, Grunstra, Bernard, additional, Quinn, Donald, additional, Claybrook, Phillip, additional, Olds, Shelby, additional, Dye, Amy, additional, Cannon, Kevin D., additional, Chadwick, Mesha M., additional, Jordan, Bailey, additional, Hussey, Morgan, additional, Nevarez, Hannah, additional, Kelley, Colleen F., additional, Chung, Michael, additional, Moran, Caitlin, additional, Rebolledo, Paulina, additional, Bacher, Christina, additional, Barranco-Santana, Elizabeth, additional, Rodriguez, Jessica, additional, Mendoza, Rafael, additional, Ruperto, Karen, additional, Olivieri, Odette, additional, Ocaña, Enrique, additional, Wylie, Paul E., additional, Henderson, Renea, additional, Jenson, Natasa, additional, Yang, Fan, additional, Kelley, Amy, additional, Finkelstein, Kenneth, additional, Beckmann, David, additional, Hutchins, Tanya, additional, Escallon, Sebastian Garcia, additional, Johnson, Kristen, additional, Sligh, Teresa S., additional, Desai, Parul, additional, Huynh, Vincent, additional, Lopez, Carlos, additional, Mendoza, Erika, additional, Adelglass, Jeffrey, additional, Naifeh, Jerome G., additional, Kucera, Kristine J., additional, Chughtai, Waseem, additional, Jaffer, Shireen H., additional, Davis, Matthew G., additional, Foley, Jennifer, additional, Burgett, Michelle L., additional, Shlotzhauer, Tammi L., additional, Ingalsbe-Geno, Sarah M., additional, Duncanson, Daniel, additional, Kush, Kelly, additional, Nesbitt, Lori, additional, Sonnier, Cora, additional, McCarter, Jennifer, additional, Butcher, Michael B., additional, Fry, James, additional, Percy, Donna, additional, Freudemann, Karen, additional, Gebhardt, Bruce C., additional, Mangu, Padma N., additional, Schroeck, Debra B., additional, Davit, Rajesh K., additional, Hennekes, Gayle D., additional, Luft, Benjamin J., additional, Carr, Melissa, additional, Nachman, Sharon, additional, Pellecchia, Alison, additional, Smith, Candace, additional, Valenti, Bruno, additional, Bermudez, Maria I., additional, Peraita, Noris, additional, Delgado, Ernesto, additional, Arrazcaeta, Alicia, additional, Ramirez, Natalie, additional, Amador, Carmen, additional, Marafioti, Horacio, additional, Dang, Lyly, additional, Clement, Lauren, additional, Berry, Jennifer, additional, Allaw, Mohammed, additional, Geuss, Georgettea, additional, Miles, Chelsea, additional, Bittner, Zachary, additional, Werne, Melody, additional, Calinescu, Cornell, additional, Rodman, Shannon, additional, Rindt, Joshua, additional, Cooksey, Erin, additional, Harrison, Kristina, additional, Cooper, Deanna, additional, Horton, Manisha, additional, Philyaw, Amanda, additional, Jennings, William, additional, Alvarado, Hilario, additional, Baka, Michele, additional, Regalado, Malina, additional, Murray, Linda, additional, Naguib, Sherif, additional, Singletary, Justin, additional, Richmond, Sha-Wanda, additional, Omodele, Sarah, additional, Oppenheim, Emily, additional, Martinez, Reuben, additional, Andriulis, Victoria, additional, Singer, Leonard, additional, Blevins, Jeanne, additional, Thomas, Meagan, additional, Hull, Christine, additional, Pereira, Isabel, additional, Rivero, Gina, additional, Okonya, Tracy, additional, Downing, Frances, additional, Miller, Paulina, additional, Rhee, Margaret, additional, Stapleton, Katherine, additional, Klein, Jeffrey, additional, Hong, Rosamond, additional, Swan, Suzanne, additional, Wahlin, Tami, additional, Bennett, Elizabeth, additional, Salzl, Amy, additional, Phan, Sharine, additional, White, Jewel J., additional, Occhino, Amanda, additional, Paiano, Ruth, additional, McLaughlin, Morgan, additional, Swieboda, Elisa, additional, Garcia-Fragoso, Veronica, additional, Becerra, Maria G., additional, White, Toni, additional, Turley, Christine B., additional, McWilliams, Andrew, additional, Esinhart, Tiffany, additional, Montoya, Natasha, additional, Huskey, Shamika, additional, Paul, Leena, additional, Tashima, Karen, additional, Johnson, Jennie, additional, Neill, Marguerite, additional, Sanchez, Martha, additional, Rybak, Natasha, additional, Mileno, Maria, additional, Cohen, Stuart H., additional, Ruiz, Monica, additional, Boswell, Dean M., additional, Robison, Elizabeth E., additional, Reynolds, Trina L., additional, Neumeister, Sonja, additional, Zorrilla, Carmen D., additional, Rivera, Juana, additional, Ibarra, Jessica, additional, García, Iris, additional, Sierra, Dianca, additional, Ramon, Wanda, additional, Fiorillo, Suzanne, additional, Pitotti, Rebecca, additional, Anderson, Victoria R., additional, Mancilla, Jose Castillo, additional, Le, Nga, additional, Winokur, Patricia L., additional, Ince, Dilek, additional, Hegmann, Theresa, additional, Meier, Jeffrey, additional, Stapleton, Jack, additional, Stulken, Laura, additional, McArthur, Monica, additional, Berry, Andrea, additional, Tapia, Milagritos, additional, Hammershaimb, Elizabeth, additional, Robinson, Toni, additional, MacBryde, Rosa, additional, Kline, Susan, additional, Billings, Joanne L., additional, Cavert, Winston, additional, Forgosh, Les B., additional, Schacker, Timothy W., additional, Bold, Tyler D., additional, Dandachi, Dima, additional, Nelson, Taylor, additional, Bran, Andres, additional, Geiger, Grant, additional, Naqvi, S. Hasan, additional, Florescu, Diana F., additional, Starlin, Richard, additional, Kline, David, additional, Zimmer, Andrea, additional, Abbas, Anum, additional, Wilson, Natasha, additional, Eron, Joseph J., additional, Sciaudone, Michael, additional, Rosengren, A. Lina, additional, Kizer, John S., additional, Rutstein, Sarah E., additional, Bruce, Elizabeth, additional, Espinosa, Claudia, additional, Sanders, Lisa J., additional, Kim, Kami, additional, Casey, Denise, additional, Taylor, Barbara S., additional, Patterson, Thomas, additional, Pinilla, Ruth S., additional, Bullock, Delia, additional, Ponce, Philip, additional, Patterson, Jan, additional, McClelland, R. Scott, additional, Lane, Dakotah C., additional, Wald, Anna, additional, James, Frank, additional, Duke, Elizabeth, additional, Hauge, Kirsten, additional, Heimonen, Jessica, additional, Goecker, Erin A., additional, Fong, Youyi, additional, Kauffman, Carol, additional, Linder, Kathleen, additional, Nofz, Kimberly, additional, McConnell, Andrew, additional, Buynak, Robert J., additional, Webb, Angella, additional, Petty, Taryn, additional, Andree, Stephanie, additional, Sanchez, Erica, additional, Mackey, Nolan, additional, Baudelaire, Clarisse, additional, Dzigiel, Sarah, additional, Marquez, Adrienna, additional, Quillin, Kim, additional, King, Michelle, additional, Abad, Vanessa, additional, Knowles, Jennifer, additional, Waters, Michael, additional, Zepeda, Karla, additional, Coslet, Jordan, additional, Tovar, Dalia, additional, Shaw, Marian E., additional, Turner, Mark A., additional, Huffine, Cory J., additional, Huffine, Esther S., additional, Ake, Julie A., additional, Secord, Elizabeth, additional, McGrath, Eric, additional, Levy, Phillip, additional, Stewart, Brittany, additional, Cromer, Charnell, additional, Walters, Ayanna, additional, Ellsworth, Grant, additional, Greene, Caroline, additional, Galloway, Sarah, additional, Kapadia, Shashi, additional, DeHaan, Elliot, additional, Wilson, Clint, additional, Milligan, Jason, additional, Raley, Danielle, additional, Bocchini, Joseph, additional, McClenathan, Bruce, additional, Hussain, Mary, additional, Lomasney, Evelyn, additional, Hall, Evelyn, additional, Lamberth, Sherry, additional, Schmeck, Christy, additional, Leathers, Vickie, additional, Theodore, Deborah A., additional, Branche, Angela R., additional, Graciaa, Daniel S., additional, Hatlen, Timothy J., additional, Miller, Jacqueline, additional, Sadoff, Jerald, additional, Falsey, Ann R., additional, and Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E., additional
Published: 2023
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33. Biofilm matrix regulation by Candida albicans Zap1.

Author: Nobile, Clarissa J, Nett, Jeniel E, Hernday, Aaron D, Homann, Oliver R, Deneault, Jean-Sebastien, Nantel, Andre, Andes, David R, Johnson, Alexander D, and Mitchell, Aaron P
Subjects: Biofilms, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Fungal Proteins, Microscopy, Confocal, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Binding Sites, Genes, Fungal, Regulon, Microscopy, Confocal, Electron, Scanning, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Genes, Developmental Biology, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences
Abstract: A biofilm is a surface-associated population of microorganisms embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Biofilms are a major natural growth form of microorganisms and the cause of pervasive device-associated infection. This report focuses on the biofilm matrix of Candida albicans, the major fungal pathogen of humans. We report here that the C. albicans zinc-response transcription factor Zap1 is a negative regulator of a major matrix component, soluble beta-1,3 glucan, in both in vitro and in vivo biofilm models. To understand the mechanistic relationship between Zap1 and matrix, we identified Zap1 target genes through expression profiling and full genome chromatin immunoprecipitation. On the basis of these results, we designed additional experiments showing that two glucoamylases, Gca1 and Gca2, have positive roles in matrix production and may function through hydrolysis of insoluble beta-1,3 glucan chains. We also show that a group of alcohol dehydrogenases Adh5, Csh1, and Ifd6 have roles in matrix production: Adh5 acts positively, and Csh1 and Ifd6, negatively. We propose that these alcohol dehydrogenases generate quorum-sensing aryl and acyl alcohols that in turn govern multiple events in biofilm maturation. Our findings define a novel regulatory circuit and its mechanism of control of a process central to infection.
Published: 2009

34. Critical Role of Bcr1-Dependent Adhesins in C. albicans Biofilm Formation In Vitro and In Vivo

Author: Nobile, Clarissa J, Andes, David R, Nett, Jeniel E, Smith, Frank J, Yue, Fu, Phan, Quynh-Trang, Edwards, John E, Filler, Scott G, and Mitchell, Aaron P
Subjects: Infectious Diseases, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Infection, Animals, Biofilms, Candida albicans, Candidiasis, Catheterization, Cell Adhesion, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Fungal Proteins, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Genes, Fungal, Membrane Glycoproteins, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Mutation, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcr, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Microbiology, Immunology, Medical Microbiology, Virology
Abstract: The fungal pathogen Candida albicans is frequently associated with catheter-based infections because of its ability to form resilient biofilms. Prior studies have shown that the transcription factor Bcr1 governs biofilm formation in an in vitro catheter model. However, the mechanistic role of the Bcr1 pathway and its relationship to biofilm formation in vivo are unknown. Our studies of biofilm formation in vitro indicate that the surface protein Als3, a known adhesin, is a key target under Bcr1 control. We show that an als3/als3 mutant is biofilm-defective in vitro, and that ALS3 overexpression rescues the biofilm defect of the bcr1/bcr1 mutant. We extend these findings with an in vivo venous catheter model. The bcr1/bcr1 mutant is unable to populate the catheter surface, though its virulence suggests that it has no growth defect in vivo. ALS3 overexpression rescues the bcr1/bcr1 biofilm defect in vivo, thus arguing that Als3 is a pivotal Bcr1 target in this setting. Surprisingly, the als3/als3 mutant forms a biofilm in vivo, and we suggest that additional Bcr1 targets compensate for the Als3 defect in vivo. Indeed, overexpression of Bcr1 targets ALS1, ECE1, and HWP1 partially restores biofilm formation in a bcr1/bcr1 mutant background in vitro, though these genes are not required for biofilm formation in vitro. Our findings demonstrate that the Bcr1 pathway functions in vivo to promote biofilm formation, and that Als3-mediated adherence is a fundamental property under Bcr1 control. Known adhesins Als1 and Hwp1 also contribute to biofilm formation, as does the novel protein Ece1.
Published: 2006

35. Bacterial-derived exopolysaccharides enhance antifungal drug tolerance in a cross-kingdom oral biofilm

Author: Kim, Dongyeop, Liu, Yuan, Benhamou, Raphael I., Sanchez, Hiram, Simón-Soro, Áurea, Li, Yong, Hwang, Geelsu, Fridman, Micha, Andes, David R., and Koo, Hyun
Published: 2018
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36. Turbinmicin inhibits Candida biofilm growth by disrupting fungal vesicle-mediated trafficking

Author: Zhao, Miao, Zhang, Fan, Zarnowski, Robert, Barns, Kenneth, Jones, Ryley, Fossen, Jen, Sanchez, Hiram, Rajski, Scott R., Audhya, Anjon, Bugni, Tim S., and Andes, David R.
Subjects: Microbial mats -- Control, Extracellular matrix -- Health aspects, Antibiotics -- Patient outcomes, Candidiasis -- Drug therapy, Health care industry
Abstract: The emergence of drug-resistant fungi has prompted an urgent threat alert from the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Biofilm assembly by these pathogens further impairs effective therapy. We recently identified an antifungal, turbinmicin, that inhibits the fungal vesicle-mediated trafficking pathway and demonstrates broad-spectrum activity against planktonically growing fungi. During biofilm growth, vesicles with unique features play a critical role in the delivery of biofilm extracellular matrix components. As these components are largely responsible for the drug resistance associated with biofilm growth, we explored the utility of turbinmicin in the biofilm setting. We found that turbinmicin disrupted extracellular vesicle (EV) delivery during biofilm growth and that this impaired the subsequent assembly of the biofilm matrix. We demonstrated that elimination of the extracellular matrix rendered the drug-resistant biofilm communities susceptible to fungal killing by turbinmicin. Furthermore, the addition of turbinmicin to otherwise ineffective antifungal therapy potentiated the activity of these drugs. The underlying role of vesicles explains this dramatic activity and was supported by phenotype reversal with the addition of exogenous biofilm EVs. This striking capacity to cripple biofilm assembly mechanisms reveals a new approach to eradicating biofilms and sheds light on turbinmicin as a promising anti-biofilm drug., Introduction Microorganisms exist predominantly in surface-associated communities called biofilms (1, 2). Microbes growing in this state are notorious for their resistance to antimicrobials (2-4). Candida albicans, the most common hospital-acquired [...]
Published: 2021
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37. The antimicrobial potential of Streptomyces from insect microbiomes

Author: Chevrette, Marc G., Carlson, Caitlin M., Ortega, Humberto E., Thomas, Chris, Ananiev, Gene E., Barns, Kenneth J., Book, Adam J., Cagnazzo, Julian, Carlos, Camila, Flanigan, Will, Grubbs, Kirk J., Horn, Heidi A., Hoffmann, F. Michael, Klassen, Jonathan L., Knack, Jennifer J., Lewin, Gina R., McDonald, Bradon R., Muller, Laura, Melo, Weilan G. P., Pinto-Tomás, Adrián A., Schmitz, Amber, Wendt-Pienkowski, Evelyn, Wildman, Scott, Zhao, Miao, Zhang, Fan, Bugni, Tim S., Andes, David R., Pupo, Monica T., and Currie, Cameron R.
Published: 2019
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38. Novel Keto-Alkyl-Pyridinium Antifungal Molecules Active in Models of In Vivo Candida albicans Vascular Catheter Infection and Ex Vivo Candida auris Skin Colonization

Author: Beattie, Sarah R., primary, Esan, Taiwo, additional, Zarnowski, Robert, additional, Eix, Emily, additional, Nett, Jeniel E., additional, Andes, David R., additional, Hagen, Timothy, additional, and Krysan, Damian J., additional
Published: 2023
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39. Community participation in biofilm matrix assembly and function

Author: Mitchell, Kaitlin F., Zarnowski, Robert, Sanchez, Hiram, Edward, Jessica A., Reinicke, Emily L., Nett, Jeniel E., Mitchell, Aaron P., and Andes, David R.
Published: 2015

40. Reinforcement amid genetic diversity in the Candida albicans biofilm regulatory network

Author: Cravener, Max V., primary, Do, Eunsoo, additional, May, Gemma, additional, Zarnowski, Robert, additional, Andes, David R., additional, McManus, C. Joel, additional, and Mitchell, Aaron P., additional
Published: 2023
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41. Evolution of a globally unique SARS-CoV-2 Spike E484T monoclonal antibody escape mutation in a persistently infected, immunocompromised individual

Author: Halfmann, Peter J, primary, Minor, Nicholas R, additional, Haddock III, Luis A, additional, Maddox, Robert, additional, Moreno, Gage K, additional, Braun, Katarina M, additional, Baker, David A, additional, Riemersa, Kasen K, additional, Prasad, Ankur, additional, Alman, Kirsten J, additional, Lambert, Matthew C, additional, Florek, Kelsey, additional, Bateman, Allen, additional, Westergaard, Ryan, additional, Safdar, Nasia, additional, Andes, David R, additional, Kawaoka, Yoshihiro, additional, Fida, Madiha, additional, Yao, Joseph D, additional, Friedrich, Thomas C, additional, and O’Connor, David H, additional
Published: 2022
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42. Race and Invasive Fungal Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Author: Boehme, Amelia K., McGwin, Gerald, Andes, David R., Lyon, G. Marshall, Chiller, Tom, Pappas, Peter G., and Baddley, John W.
Published: 2014

43. Validated Preclinical Mouse Model for Therapeutic Testing against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains

Author: Warawa, Jonathan M., primary, Duan, Xiaoxian, additional, Anderson, Charles D., additional, Sotsky, Julie B., additional, Cramer, Daniel E., additional, Pfeffer, Tia L., additional, Guo, Haixun, additional, Adcock, Scott, additional, Lepak, Alexander J., additional, Andes, David R., additional, Slone, Stacey A., additional, Stromberg, Arnold J., additional, Gabbard, Jon D., additional, Severson, William E., additional, and Lawrenz, Matthew B., additional
Published: 2022
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44. Multicenter Collaborative Study of the Interaction of Antifungal Combinations against Candida Spp. by Loewe Additivity and Bliss Independence-Based Response Surface Analysis

Author: Meletiadis, Joseph, primary, Andes, David R., additional, Lockhart, Shawn R., additional, Ghannoum, Mahmoud A., additional, Knapp, Cindy C., additional, Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, additional, Pfaller, Michael A., additional, Chaturvedi, Vishnu, additional, and Walsh, Thomas J., additional
Published: 2022
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45. Evolution of a globally unique SARS-CoV-2 Spike E484T monoclonal antibody escape mutation in a persistently infected, immunocompromised individual.

Author: Halfmann, Peter J, Minor, Nicholas R, III, Luis A Haddock, Maddox, Robert, Moreno, Gage K, Braun, Katarina M, Baker, David A, Riemersa, Kasen K, Prasad, Ankur, Alman, Kirsten J, Lambert, Matthew C, Florek, Kelsey, Bateman, Allen, Westergaard, Ryan, Safdar, Nasia, Andes, David R, Kawaoka, Yoshihiro, Fida, Madiha, Yao, Joseph D, and Friedrich, Thomas C
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2, IMMUNOCOMPROMISED patients, MONOCLONAL antibodies, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant
Abstract: Prolonged infections in immunocompromised individuals may be a source for novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, particularly when both the immune system and antiviral therapy fail to clear the infection and enable within-host evolution. Here we describe a 486-day case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an immunocompromised individual. Following monotherapy with the monoclonal antibody Bamlanivimab, the individual's virus acquired resistance, likely via the earliest known occurrence of Spike amino acid variant E484T. Recently, E484T has arisen again as a derivative of E484A in the Omicron Variant of Concern, supporting the hypothesis that prolonged infections can give rise to novel variants long before they become prevalent in the human population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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46. A Recently Evolved Transcriptional Network Controls Biofilm Development in Candida albicans

Author: Nobile, Clarissa J., Fox, Emily P., Nett, Jeniel E., Sorrells, Trevor R., Mitrovich, Quinn M., Hernday, Aaron D., Tuch, Brian B., Andes, David R., and Johnson, Alexander D.
Published: 2012
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47. Genetic Basis of Candida Biofilm Resistance Due to Drug-Sequestering Matrix Glucan

Author: Nett, Jeniel E., Sanchez, Hiram, Cain, Michael T., and Andes, David R.
Published: 2010

48. Factors Associated with Mortality in Transplant Patients with Invasive Aspergillosis

Author: Baddley, John W., Andes, David R., Marr, Kieren A., Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P., Alexander, Barbara D., Kauffman, Carol A., Oster, Robert A., Anaissie, Elias J., Walsh, Thomas J., Schuster, Mindy G., Wingard, John R., Patterson, Thomas F., Ito, James I., Williams, O. Dale, Chiller, Tom, and Pappas, Peter G.
Published: 2010

49. Prospective Surveillance for Invasive Fungal Infections in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients, 2001-2006: Overview of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET) Database

Author: Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P., Marr, Kieren A., Park, Benjamin J., Alexander, Barbara D., Anaissie, Elias J., Walsh, Thomas J., Ito, James, Andes, David R., Baddley, John W., Brown, Janice M., Brumble, Lisa M., Freifeld, Alison G., Hadley, Susan, Herwaldt, Loreen A., Kauffman, Carol A., Knapp, Katherine, Lyon, G. Marshall, Morrison, Vicki Á., Papanicolaou, Genovefa, Patterson, Thomas F., Perl, Trish M., Schuster, Mindy G., Walker, Randall, Wannemuehler, Kathleen A., Wingard, John R., Chilier, Tom M., and Pappas, Peter G.
Published: 2010

50. Invasive Fungal Infections among Organ Transplant Recipients: Results of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET)

Author: Pappas, Peter G., Alexander, Barbara D., Andes, David R., Hadley, Susan, Kauffman, Carol A., Freifeld, Alison, Anaissie, Elias J., Brumble, Lisa M., Herwaldt, Loreen, Ito, James, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P., Lyon, G. Marshall, Marr, Kieren A., Morrison, Vicki A., Park, Benjamin J., Patterson, Thomas F., Perl, Trish M., Oster, Robert A., Schuster, Mindy G., Walker, Randall, Walsh, Thomas J., Wannemuehler, Kathleen A., and Chiller, Tom M.
Published: 2010

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