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2. Genome-wide patterns of genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history in mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) growing on indigenous Māori land

Author

Koot, Emily, primary, Arnst, Elise, additional, Taane, Melissa, additional, Goldsmith, Kelsey, additional, Thrimawithana, Amali, additional, Reihana, Kiri, additional, González-Martínez, Santiago C, additional, Goldsmith, Victor, additional, Houliston, Gary, additional, and Chagné, David, additional

Published
2022
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3. sPlotOpen – An environmentally balanced, open-access, global dataset of vegetation plots

Author

Sabatini, Francesco Maria, Lenoir, Jonathan, Hattab, Tarek, Arnst, Elise Aimee, De Ruffray, Patrice, Hennekens, Stephan M., Jandt, Ute, Jansen, Florian, Kattge, Jens, Levesley, Aurora, Purschke, Oliver, Sandel, Brody, Sultana, Fahmida, Aavik, Tsipe, A?i?, Svetlana, Acosta, Alicia T.R., Agrillo, Emiliano, Alvarez, Miguel, Apostolova, Iva, Arfin Khan, Mohammed A.S., Arroyo, Luzmila, Attorre, Fabio, Aubin, Isabelle, Banerjee, Arindam, Bauters, Marijn, Bergeron, Yves, Bergmeier, Erwin, Biurrun, Idoia, Bjorkman, Anne D., Bonari, Gianmaria, Bondareva, Viktoria, Casella, Laura, Cayuela, Luis, Chepinoga, Victor, De Bie, Els, De Sanctis, Michele, Dimopoulos, Panayotis, Dolezal, Jiri, Dziuba, Tetiana, El-Sheikh, Mohamed Abd El Rouf Mousa, Enquist, Brian, Fazayeli, Farideh, Field, Richard, Finckh, Manfred, Gachet, Sophie, Garbolino, Emmanuel, Gholizadeh, Hamid, Giorgis, Melisa, Golub, Valentin, Alsos, Inger Greve, Grytnes, John?Arvid, Guerin, Gregory Richard, Haider, Sylvia, Hatim, Mohamed Z., Hinojos Mendoza, Guillermo, Hubau, Wannes, Indreica, Adrian, Janssen, John A. M., Jedrzejek, Birgit, Jentsch, Anke, K?cki, Zygmunt, Kapfer, Jutta, Karger, Dirk Nikolaus, Kavgac?, Ali, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kessler, Michael, Khanina, Larisa, Killeen, Timothy, Korolyuk, Andrey, Kreft, Holger, Kuzemko, Anna, Landucci, Flavia, Lengyel, Attila, Lens, Frederic, Liu, Hongyan, Lysenko, Tatiana, Mahecha, Miguel D., Martynenko, Vasiliy, Moeslund, Jesper Erenskjold, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Mucina, Ladislav, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Noroozi, Jalil, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Onyshchenko, Viktor, Overbeck, Gerhard E., Peet, Robert K., Peyre, Gwendolyn, Phillips, Oliver L., Prokhorov, Vadim, Revermann, Rasmus, Rivas?Torres, Gonzalo, Rodwell, John S., Ruprecht, Eszter, R?si?a, Solvita, Samimi, Cyrus, Schmidt, Marco, Schrodt, Franziska, Shan, Hanhuai, Shirokikh, Pavel, Sparrow, Ben, Sperandii, Marta Gaia, Stan?i?, Zvjezdana, Svenning, Jens?Christian, Tang, Zhiyao, Tang, Cindy Q., Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Vassilev, Kiril, Venanzoni, Roberto, Vibrans, Alexander Christian, Violle, Cyrille, Virtanen, Risto, Wehrden, Henrik, Wagner, Viktoria, Walker, Donald A., Waller, Donald M., Wang, Hua?Feng, Wesche, Karsten, Whitfeld, Timothy J. S., Willner, Wolfgang, Wiser, Susan K., Wohlgemuth, Thomas, Yamalov, Sergey, Zobel, Martin, and Bruelheide, Helge

Subjects
Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Geography: Geosciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Motivation: Assessing biodiversity status and trends in plant communities is critical for understanding, quantifying and predicting the effects of global change on ecosystems. Vegetation plots record the occurrence or abundance of all plant species co-occurring within delimited local areas. This allows species absences to be inferred, information seldom provided by existing global plant datasets. Although many vegetation plots have been recorded, most are not available to the global research community. A recent initiative, called ‘sPlot’, compiled the first global vegetation plot database, and continues to grow and curate it. The sPlot database, however, is extremely unbalanced spatially and environmentally, and is not open-access. Here, we address both these issues by (a) resampling the vegetation plots using several environmental variables as sampling strata and (b) securing permission from data holders of 105 local-to-regional datasets to openly release data. We thus present sPlotOpen, the largest open-access dataset of vegetation plots ever released. sPlotOpen can be used to explore global diversity at the plant community level, as ground truth data in remote sensing applications, or as a baseline for biodiversity monitoring. Main types of variable contained: Vegetation plots (n=95,104) recording cover or abundance of naturally co-occurring vascular plant species within delimited areas. sPlotOpen contains three partially overlapping resampled datasets (c.50,000 plots each), to be used as replicates in global analyses. Besides geographical location, date, plot size, biome, elevation, slope, aspect, vegetation type, naturalness, coverage of various vegetation layers, and source dataset, plot-level data also include community-weighted means and variances of 18 plant functional traits from the TRY Plant Trait Database. Spatial location and grain: Global, 0.01–40,000m². Time period and grain: 1888–2015, recording dates. Major taxa and level of measurement: 42,677 vascular plant taxa, plot-level records. Software format: Three main matrices (.csv), relationally linked.

Published
2021

4. sPlotOpen – An environmentally balanced, open-access, global dataset of vegetation plots

Author

Sabatini, Francesco Maria; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7202-7697, Lenoir, Jonathan; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0638-9582, Hattab, Tarek; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1420-5758, Arnst, Elise Aimee; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2388-7428, Chytrý, Milan; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8122-3075, Dengler, Jürgen; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3221-660X, et al, Kessler, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4612-9937, Sabatini, Francesco Maria; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7202-7697, Lenoir, Jonathan; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0638-9582, Hattab, Tarek; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1420-5758, Arnst, Elise Aimee; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2388-7428, Chytrý, Milan; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8122-3075, Dengler, Jürgen; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3221-660X, et al, and Kessler, Michael; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4612-9937

Abstract

Motivation: Assessing biodiversity status and trends in plant communities is critical for understanding, quantifying and predicting the effects of global change on ecosystems. Vegetation plots record the occurrence or abundance of all plant species co-occurring within delimited local areas. This allows species absences to be inferred, information seldom provided by existing global plant datasets. Although many vegetation plots have been recorded, most are not available to the global research community. A recent initiative, called ‘sPlot’, compiled the first global vegetation plot database, and continues to grow and curate it. The sPlot database, however, is extremely unbalanced spatially and environmentally, and is not open-access. Here, we address both these issues by (a) resampling the vegetation plots using several environmental variables as sampling strata and (b) securing permission from data holders of 105 local-to- regional datasets to openly release data. We thus present sPlotOpen, the largest open-access dataset of vegetation plots ever released. sPlotOpen can be used to explore global diversity at the plant community level, as ground truth data in remote sensing applications, or as a baseline for biodiversity monitoring. Main types of variable contained: Vegetation plots (n = 95,104) recording cover or abundance of naturally co-occurring vascular plant species within delimited areas. sPlotOpen contains three partially overlapping resampled datasets (c. 50,000 plots each), to be used as replicates in global analyses. Besides geographical location, date, plot size, biome, elevation, slope, aspect, vegetation type, naturalness, coverage of various vegetation layers, and source dataset, plot-level data also include community-weighted means and variances of 18 plant functional traits from the TRY Plant Trait Database. Spatial location and grain: Global, 0.01–40,000 m². Time period and grain: 1888–2015, recording dates. Major taxa and level of measurement: 42,67

Published
2021

5. Resistance of New Zealand Provenance Leptospermum scoparium, Kunzea robusta, Kunzea linearis, and Metrosideros excelsa to Austropuccinia psidii

Author

Smith, Grant R., Ganley, Beccy J., Chagné, David, Nadarajan, Jayanthi, Pathirana, Ranjith N., Ryan, Julie, Arnst, Elise A., Sutherland, Roanne, Soewarto, Julia, Houliston, Gary, Marsh, Alby T., Koot, Emily, Carnegie, Angus J., Menzies, Tracey, Lee, David J., Shuey, Louise S., Pegg, Geoff S., Smith, Grant R., Ganley, Beccy J., Chagné, David, Nadarajan, Jayanthi, Pathirana, Ranjith N., Ryan, Julie, Arnst, Elise A., Sutherland, Roanne, Soewarto, Julia, Houliston, Gary, Marsh, Alby T., Koot, Emily, Carnegie, Angus J., Menzies, Tracey, Lee, David J., Shuey, Louise S., and Pegg, Geoff S.

Abstract

Resistance to the pandemic strain of Austropuccinia psidii was identified in New Zealand provenance Leptospermum scoparium, Kunzea robusta, and K. linearis plants. Only 1 Metrosideros excelsa-resistant plant was found (of the 570 tested) and no resistant plants of either Lophomyrtus bullata or L. obcordata were found. Three types of resistance were identified in Leptospermum scoparium. The first two, a putative immune response and a hypersensitive response, are leaf resistance mechanisms found in other myrtaceous species while on the lateral and main stems a putative immune stem resistance was also observed. Both leaf and stem infection were found on K. robusta and K. linearis plants as well as branch tip dieback that developed on almost 50% of the plants. L. scoparium, K. robusta, and K. linearis are the first myrtaceous species where consistent infection of stems has been observed in artificial inoculation trials. This new finding and the first observation of significant branch tip dieback of plants of the two Kunzea spp. resulted in the development of two new myrtle rust disease severity assessment scales. Significant seed family and provenance effects were found in L. scoparium, K. robusta, and K. linearis: some families produced significantly more plants with leaf, stem, and (in Kunzea spp.) branch tip dieback resistance, and provenances provided different percentages of resistant families and plants. The distribution of the disease symptoms on plants from the same seed family, and between plants from different seed families, suggested that the leaf, stem, and branch tip dieback resistances were the result of independent disease resistance mechanisms.

Published
2020

6. Resistance of New Zealand Provenance Leptospermum scoparium, Kunzea robusta, Kunzea linearis, and Metrosideros excelsa to Austropuccinia psidii

Author

Smith, Grant R., primary, Ganley, Beccy J., additional, Chagné, David, additional, Nadarajan, Jayanthi, additional, Pathirana, Ranjith N., additional, Ryan, Julie, additional, Arnst, Elise A., additional, Sutherland, Roanne, additional, Soewarto, Julia, additional, Houliston, Gary, additional, Marsh, Alby T., additional, Koot, Emily, additional, Carnegie, Angus J., additional, Menzies, Tracey, additional, Lee, David J., additional, Shuey, Louise S., additional, and Pegg, Geoff S., additional

Published
2020
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7. sPlot - A new tool for global vegetation analyses

Author

Bruelheide, Helge, Bruelheide, Helge, Dengler, Juergen, Jimenez-Alfaro, Borja, Purschke, Oliver, Hennekens, Stephan M., Chytry, Milan, Pillar, Valerio D., Jansen, Florian, Kattge, Jens, Sandel, Brody, Aubin, Isabelle, Biurrun, Idoia, Field, Richard, Haider, Sylvia, Jandt, Ute, Lenoir, Jonathan, Peet, Robert K., Peyre, Gwendolyn, Sabatini, Francesco Maria, Schmidt, Marco, Schrodt, Franziska, Winter, Marten, Aćić, Svetlana, Agrillo, Emiliano, Alvarez, Miguel, Ambarli, Didem, Angelini, Pierangela, Apostolova, Iva, Khan, Mohammed A.S.Arfin, Arnst, Elise, Attorre, Fabio, Baraloto, Christopher, Beckmann, Michael, Berg, Christian, Bergeron, Yves, Bergmeier, Erwin, Bjorkman, Anne D., Bondareva, Viktoria, Borchardt, Peter, Botta-Dukat, Zoltan, Boyle, Brad, Breen, Amy, Brisse, Henry, Byun, Chaeho, Cabido, Marcelo R., Casella, Laura, Cayuela, Luis, Cerny, Tomas, Chepinoga, Victor, Csiky, Janos, Curran, Michael, Custerevska, Renata, Dajić-Stevanović, Zora, De Bie, Els, de Ruffray, Patrice, De Sanctis, Michele, Dimopoulos, Panayotis, Dressler, Stefan, Ejrnaes, Rasmus, El-Sheikh, Mohamed Abd El-Rouf Mousa, Enquist, Brian, Ewald, Joerg, Fagundez, Jaime, Finckh, Manfred, Font, Xavier, Forey, Estelle, Fotiadis, Georgios, Garcia-Mijangos, Itziar, de Gasper, Andre Luis, Golub, Valentin, Gutierrez, Alvaro G., Hatim, Mohamed Z., He, Tianhua, Higuchi, Pedro, Holubova, Dana, Hoelzel, Norbert, Homeier, Juergen, Indreica, Adrian, Gursoy, Deniz Isik, Jansen, Steven, Janssen, John, Jedrzejek, Birgit, Jirousek, Martin, Juergens, Norbert, Kacki, Zygmunt, Kavgaci, Ali, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kessler, Michael, Knollova, Ilona, Kolomiychuk, Vitaliy, Korolyuk, Andrey, Kozhevnikova, Maria, Kozub, Lukasz, Krstonosić, Daniel, Kuehl, Hjalmar, Kuehn, Ingolf, Kuzemko, Anna, Kuzmić, Filip, Landucci, Flavia, Lee, Michael T., Levesley, Aurora, Li, Ching-Feng, Liu, Hongyan, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Lysenko, Tatiana, Macanović, Armin, Mahdavi, Parastoo, Manning, Peter, Marceno, Corrado, Martynenko, Vassiliy, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Minden, Vanessa, Moeslund, Jesper Erenskjold, Moretti, Marco, Mueller, Jonas V., Munzinger, Jerome, Niinemets, Ulo, Nobis, Marcin, Noroozi, Jalil, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Onyshchenko, Viktor, Overbeck, Gerhard E., Ozinga, Wim A., Pauchard, Anibal, Pedashenko, Hristo, Penuelas, Josep, Perez-Haase, Aaron, Peterka, Tomas, Petrik, Petr, Phillips, Oliver L., Prokhorov, Vadim, Rasomavicius, Valerijus, Revermann, Rasmus, Rodwell, John, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Samimi, Cyrus, Schaminee, Joop H.J., Schmiedel, Ute, Sibik, Jozef, Silc, Urban, Skvorc, Željko, Smyth, Anita, Sop, Tenekwetche, Sopotlieva, Desislava, Sparrow, Ben, Stancić, Zvjezdana, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Swacha, Grzegorz, Tang, Zhiyao, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Turtureanu, Pavel Dan, Ugurlu, Emin, Uogintas, Domas, Valachović, Milan, Vanselow, Kim Andre, Vashenyak, Yulia, Vassilev, Kiril, Velez-Martin, Eduardo, Venanzoni, Roberto, Vibrans, Alexander Christian, Violle, Cyrille, Virtanen, Risto, von Wehrden, Henrik, Wagner, Viktoria, Walker, Donald A., Wana, Desalegn, Weiher, Evan, Wesche, Karsten, Whitfeld, Timothy, Willner, Wolfgang, Wiser, Susan, Wohlgemuth, Thomas, Yamalov, Sergey, Zizka, Georg, Zverev, Andrei, Bruelheide, Helge, Bruelheide, Helge, Dengler, Juergen, Jimenez-Alfaro, Borja, Purschke, Oliver, Hennekens, Stephan M., Chytry, Milan, Pillar, Valerio D., Jansen, Florian, Kattge, Jens, Sandel, Brody, Aubin, Isabelle, Biurrun, Idoia, Field, Richard, Haider, Sylvia, Jandt, Ute, Lenoir, Jonathan, Peet, Robert K., Peyre, Gwendolyn, Sabatini, Francesco Maria, Schmidt, Marco, Schrodt, Franziska, Winter, Marten, Aćić, Svetlana, Agrillo, Emiliano, Alvarez, Miguel, Ambarli, Didem, Angelini, Pierangela, Apostolova, Iva, Khan, Mohammed A.S.Arfin, Arnst, Elise, Attorre, Fabio, Baraloto, Christopher, Beckmann, Michael, Berg, Christian, Bergeron, Yves, Bergmeier, Erwin, Bjorkman, Anne D., Bondareva, Viktoria, Borchardt, Peter, Botta-Dukat, Zoltan, Boyle, Brad, Breen, Amy, Brisse, Henry, Byun, Chaeho, Cabido, Marcelo R., Casella, Laura, Cayuela, Luis, Cerny, Tomas, Chepinoga, Victor, Csiky, Janos, Curran, Michael, Custerevska, Renata, Dajić-Stevanović, Zora, De Bie, Els, de Ruffray, Patrice, De Sanctis, Michele, Dimopoulos, Panayotis, Dressler, Stefan, Ejrnaes, Rasmus, El-Sheikh, Mohamed Abd El-Rouf Mousa, Enquist, Brian, Ewald, Joerg, Fagundez, Jaime, Finckh, Manfred, Font, Xavier, Forey, Estelle, Fotiadis, Georgios, Garcia-Mijangos, Itziar, de Gasper, Andre Luis, Golub, Valentin, Gutierrez, Alvaro G., Hatim, Mohamed Z., He, Tianhua, Higuchi, Pedro, Holubova, Dana, Hoelzel, Norbert, Homeier, Juergen, Indreica, Adrian, Gursoy, Deniz Isik, Jansen, Steven, Janssen, John, Jedrzejek, Birgit, Jirousek, Martin, Juergens, Norbert, Kacki, Zygmunt, Kavgaci, Ali, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kessler, Michael, Knollova, Ilona, Kolomiychuk, Vitaliy, Korolyuk, Andrey, Kozhevnikova, Maria, Kozub, Lukasz, Krstonosić, Daniel, Kuehl, Hjalmar, Kuehn, Ingolf, Kuzemko, Anna, Kuzmić, Filip, Landucci, Flavia, Lee, Michael T., Levesley, Aurora, Li, Ching-Feng, Liu, Hongyan, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Lysenko, Tatiana, Macanović, Armin, Mahdavi, Parastoo, Manning, Peter, Marceno, Corrado, Martynenko, Vassiliy, Mencuccini, Maurizio, Minden, Vanessa, Moeslund, Jesper Erenskjold, Moretti, Marco, Mueller, Jonas V., Munzinger, Jerome, Niinemets, Ulo, Nobis, Marcin, Noroozi, Jalil, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Onyshchenko, Viktor, Overbeck, Gerhard E., Ozinga, Wim A., Pauchard, Anibal, Pedashenko, Hristo, Penuelas, Josep, Perez-Haase, Aaron, Peterka, Tomas, Petrik, Petr, Phillips, Oliver L., Prokhorov, Vadim, Rasomavicius, Valerijus, Revermann, Rasmus, Rodwell, John, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Samimi, Cyrus, Schaminee, Joop H.J., Schmiedel, Ute, Sibik, Jozef, Silc, Urban, Skvorc, Željko, Smyth, Anita, Sop, Tenekwetche, Sopotlieva, Desislava, Sparrow, Ben, Stancić, Zvjezdana, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Swacha, Grzegorz, Tang, Zhiyao, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Turtureanu, Pavel Dan, Ugurlu, Emin, Uogintas, Domas, Valachović, Milan, Vanselow, Kim Andre, Vashenyak, Yulia, Vassilev, Kiril, Velez-Martin, Eduardo, Venanzoni, Roberto, Vibrans, Alexander Christian, Violle, Cyrille, Virtanen, Risto, von Wehrden, Henrik, Wagner, Viktoria, Walker, Donald A., Wana, Desalegn, Weiher, Evan, Wesche, Karsten, Whitfeld, Timothy, Willner, Wolfgang, Wiser, Susan, Wohlgemuth, Thomas, Yamalov, Sergey, Zizka, Georg, and Zverev, Andrei

Abstract

Aims Vegetation-plot records provide information on the presence and cover or abundance of plants co-occurring in the same community. Vegetation-plot data are spread across research groups, environmental agencies and biodiversity research centers and, thus, are rarely accessible at continental or global scales. Here we present the sPlot database, which collates vegetation plots worldwide to allow for the exploration of global patterns in taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity at the plant community level. Results sPlot version 2.1 contains records from 1,121,244 vegetation plots, which comprise 23,586,216 records of plant species and their relative cover or abundance in plots collected worldwide between 1885 and 2015. We complemented the information for each plot by retrieving climate and soil conditions and the biogeographic context (e.g., biomes) from external sources, and by calculating community-weighted means and variances of traits using gap-filled data from the global plant trait database TRY. Moreover, we created a phylogenetic tree for 50,167 out of the 54,519 species identified in the plots. We present the first maps of global patterns of community richness and community-weighted means of key traits. Conclusions The availability of vegetation plot data in sPlot offers new avenues for vegetation analysis at the global scale.

Published
2019

8. New Zealand provenance Leptospermum scoparium (mānuka) expresses three resistance phenotypes to the pandemic biotype of Austropuccinia psidii, the causal pathogen of myrtle rust

Author

Smith, Grant, Chagné, David, Ganley, Beccy, Nadarajan, Jayanthi, Pathirana, Ranjith, Ryan, Julie, Arnst, Elise, Sutherland, Roanne, Soewarto, Julia, Houliston, Gary, Marsh, Alby, Koot, Emily, Carnegie, Angus, Shuey, Louise S., Pegg, Geoff S., Smith, Grant, Chagné, David, Ganley, Beccy, Nadarajan, Jayanthi, Pathirana, Ranjith, Ryan, Julie, Arnst, Elise, Sutherland, Roanne, Soewarto, Julia, Houliston, Gary, Marsh, Alby, Koot, Emily, Carnegie, Angus, Shuey, Louise S., and Pegg, Geoff S.

Abstract

Three resistance phenotypes to the pandemic biotype of the invasive fungal biotrophic pathogen Austropuccinia psidii were identified in artificially inoculated New Zealand provenance Leptospermum scoparium (mānuka) plants grown from seed collected from mother trees growing in different locations within New Zealand. The first two resistance phenotypes, putatively a constitutive response and a hypersensitive response, were leaf resistance phenotypes. On the lateral and main stems a putative constitutive stem resistance was also observed in the trials. Mānuka is the first myrtaceous species where consistent infection of stems in trials was observed, resulting in the development of a new disease severity assessment scale. No individual plants demonstrated both leaf resistances: c. 18% of plants showed both stem resistance and one of the leaf resistances; however c. 26% plants showed either a leaf or a stem resistance but not both, and the remainder of the plants tested (56%) were susceptible, with some plants showing extensive symptom expression. Plant and seed family analysis revealed limited genetic linkage between the putative constitutive leaf and stem resistances suggesting two independent resistance mechanisms. The locale from where the seed were collected was important, as the proportion of leaf and/or stem resistance plants grown from the independent seed families varied by seed provenance.

Published
2019

10. Tree survival and growth responses in the aftermath of a strong earthquake.

Author

Allen, Robert B., MacKenzie, Darryl I., Bellingham, Peter J., Wiser, Susan K., Arnst, Elise A., Coomes, David A., and Hurst, Jennifer M.

Subjects
MOUNTAIN forests, ROCKFALL, EARTHQUAKES, TREE growth, LANDSLIDES, BAYESIAN analysis, TREE development, SOIL formation
Abstract

The infrequent and unpredictable nature of earthquakes means that their landslide‐generated impacts on forests are rarely investigated. In montane forests, landslides are the main cause of tree death and injury during earthquakes. Landslides range from soil movements that uproot and bury trees over extensive areas to rock falls that strike individual trees. We examined unexplored relationships between tree survival and distance from an epicentre, soil‐available phosphorus (P) as an indicator of soil development and tree diameter. We expected decreased tree growth in damaged forests because of tree injury.We used a plot network, established in 1974 and resurveyed regularly ever since, to quantify survival and growth responses 6–30 km from the epicentre of a 1994 earthquake in New Zealand's Southern Alps. Our Bayesian analysis used 8,518 trees from 250 plots that representatively sampled a naturally monospecific Nothofagus forest. As the time‐scales over which responses could emerge were unknown, we compared relationships for a pre‐earthquake period with 0–5 years post‐earthquake, and with 5+ years post‐earthquake.Not all plots were affected by the earthquake. We found that 0–5 years post‐earthquake survival increased logarithmically with distance from the epicentre with lowered survival up to 20 km from the epicentre. Survival was low on plots with high soil‐available P. An inverted U‐shaped relationship between survival and diameter pre‐earthquake was not found 0–5 years post‐earthquake. This was because of surprisingly high survival by large trees. The earthquake most often suppressed 0–5 years post‐earthquake growth up to 15 km from the epicentre, but this was only apparent after accounting for more general growth differences among periods. The positive relationship between growth and soil‐available P pre‐earthquake and 5+ years post‐earthquake reflected enhanced growth on young soils. This contrasted with a negative effect of soil‐available P on growth 0–5 years post‐earthquake.Synthesis. Soil‐available P, tree diameter and distance from the epicentre independently determined how tree survival and growth responded to an earthquake. The impacts on survival and growth largely occurred 0–5 years post‐earthquake and suggests a level of resilience in mountain beech forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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