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Increased water pollution due to toxic heavy metals is becoming a serious threat which has been faced by the entire world in the last few decades. To overcome this problem a suitable complex ligand was designed for removal of Fe3+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ from the effluents. The work incorporated the synthesis of (4Z)-4-((2Z)-2-(2,5-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-ylimino) ethylidene amino)-1,2- dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenylpyrazol-3-one (Supramolecular Ligand) by the condensation method and confirmed by FTIR and 1HNMR spectroscopic methods. The batch extraction experiments designed to examine the effect of various experimental parameters on the extraction efficiency of the heavy metals. The experimental results depicted that up to 30 min time for supramolecular ligand is enough for the significant extraction of all the metals under study. The pH level, slightly acidic to the neutral condition is favourable for maximum extraction of metals. The percent extraction at optimized conditions of time and pH were found to be 98.29, 96.63, 96.95 and 95.64% for Fe3+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ respectively. The extraction efficiency was governed by chloroform as a solvent. Simple to synthesize, faster extraction of metals, slightly acidic to neutral pH conditions for extraction are the characteristic features of the compound which governs its applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Winery wastewater compositions are highly variable and differ significantly from season to season. Heavy metals, such as Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn and Mg are present in the wastewater. The quantity of heavy metals in winery wastewater can be reduced by an adsorption process with good efficiency. For our comparative adsorption efficiency study, four adsorbents, such as neem leaf, orange peel, coconut husk and saw dust were used. All the adsorbents were sieved through a 0.25mm pore size sieve. Polypropylene bottles with 300mL capacity were filled with 50mL of the winery wastewater and 2g of each adsorbent. The bottles were shaken for 1hour at 180rpm on a rotary shaker at room temperature and after shaking, the samples were filtered and analyzed for their elemental concentrations of heavy metals on AAS, to verify the adsorption capacities of the adsorbents. The results show that saw dust and coconut husk can be used for Cu, for Zn saw dust and orange peel, for Mn coconut husk and orange peel and for Mg orange peel and coconut husk as adsorbents for a partial removal of these metals from the wastewater. The method is simple and cheap and may be applied on a large scale for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • CV adsorption onto FeTiPbONCs was interpreted using statistical physics model. • The Nm values obtained 355.85, 50.91 and 26.815 mg/g at temp. 298, 308 m, and 318 K. • The adsorption energy ε 1 (16.95 to 30.39 kJ/mol) and ε 2 (7.98 to 13.02 kJ/mol). • The double layer model best explain the adsorption behavior and mechanism. In this study, Crystal Violet (CV) adsorption isotherm on FeTiPbONC was simulated and interpreted using the conventional methods as well as statistical physics two energies double layer model. This model was formalized based on the statistical physics. The following parameters are added in this pattern: steric and energy-sensitive parameters relevant to the adsorption mechanism. The findings of the mathematical model at temperatures 298, 308 , and 318 K givethe values of receptor site density (Nm) as 355.85, 50.91 and 26.815 mg/g, which reveals that maximum adsorption was achieved at lower temperature. The adsorption energies ε 1 (from 16.95 to 30.39 kJ/mol) and ε 2 (from 7.98 to 13.02 kJ/mol) increases as temperature rises, showing that the CV-FeTiPbONC contact is stronger than the CV-CV interaction. The results showed that FeTiPbONC might be employed as a nanoadsorbent for the removal of organic contaminants from an aqueous matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]