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12 results on '"Balamuralikrishna, P."'

1. Characterising Solar Magnetic Reconnection in Confined and Eruptive Flares

Author

Balamuralikrishna, Kanniah, Soo, John Y. H., Tahrin, Norhaslinda Mohamed, and Aziz, Abdul Halim Abdul

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental mechanism through which energy stored in magnetic fields is released explosively on a massive scale, they could be presented as eruptive or confined flares, depending on their association with coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Several previous works have concluded that there is no correlation between flare duration and flare class, however, their sample sizes are skewed towards B and C classes; they hardly represent the higher classes. Therefore, we studied a sample without extreme events in order to determine the correlation between flare duration and flare type (confined and eruptive). We examined $33$ flares with classes between M5 to X5 within $45^{\circ}$ of the disk centres, using data from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI). We find that the linear correlation between flare class against flare duration by full width half maximum (FWHM) in general is weak ($r=0.19$); however, confined flares have a significant correlation ($r=0.58$) compared to eruptive types ($r=0.08$). Also, the confined M class flares' average duration is less than half of the eruptive flares. Similarly, confined flares have a higher correlation ($r=0.89$) than eruptive flares ($r=0.60$) between flare classes against magnetic reconnection flux. In this work, a balanced sample size between flare types is an important strategy for obtaining a reliable quantitative comparison., Comment: 26 pages, 11 figures

Published
2023
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2. Farm-like indoor microbiota in non-farm homes protects children from asthma development.

Author

Kirjavainen, Pirkka, Karvonen, Anne, Adams, Rachel, Täubel, Martin, Roponen, Marjut, Tuoresmäki, Pauli, Loss, Georg, Jayaprakash, Balamuralikrishna, Depner, Martin, Ege, Markus, Renz, Harald, Pfefferle, Petra, Schaub, Bianca, Lauener, Roger, Hyvärinen, Anne, Knight, Rob, Heederik, Dick, von Mutius, Erika, and Pekkanen, Juha

Subjects
Archaea, Asthma, Bacteria, Dust, Farms, Humans, Microbiota, Prospective Studies
Abstract

Asthma prevalence has increased in epidemic proportions with urbanization, but growing up on traditional farms offers protection even today1. The asthma-protective effect of farms appears to be associated with rich home dust microbiota2,3, which could be used to model a health-promoting indoor microbiome. Here we show by modeling differences in house dust microbiota composition between farm and non-farm homes of Finnish birth cohorts4 that in children who grow up in non-farm homes, asthma risk decreases as the similarity of their home bacterial microbiota composition to that of farm homes increases. The protective microbiota had a low abundance of Streptococcaceae relative to outdoor-associated bacterial taxa. The protective effect was independent of richness and total bacterial load and was associated with reduced proinflammatory cytokine responses against bacterial cell wall components ex vivo. We were able to reproduce these findings in a study among rural German children2 and showed that children living in German non-farm homes with an indoor microbiota more similar to Finnish farm homes have decreased asthma risk. The indoor dust microbiota composition appears to be a definable, reproducible predictor of asthma risk and a potential modifiable target for asthma prevention.

Published
2019

3. Ethics for Industrial Technology

Author

Rosentrater, Kurt A. and Balamuralikrishna, Radha

Abstract

This paper takes aim at one specific, as well as basic, need in teamwork and interdisciplinary projects--ethics and its implications for professional practice. A preliminary study suggests that students majoring in industrial technology degree programs may not have adequate opportunity to formally study and engage in ethical aspects of technology vis-a-vis the practices of the profession. It is reasonable to assume that the ethical dilemmas faced by an industrial technologist would parallel those of engineers and managers. To address this issue, this paper identifies a domain of knowledge that would constitute a necessary background in ethics for industrial technologists, examines various resources for teaching, and makes recommendations from a pedagogical point of view. (Contains 6 tables.)

Published
2005

9. Author Correction: Farm-like indoor microbiota in non-farm homes protects children from asthma development

Author

Kirjavainen, Pirkka V., Karvonen, Anne M., Adams, Rachel I., Täubel, Martin, Roponen, Marjut, Tuoresmäki, Pauli, Loss, Georg, Jayaprakash, Balamuralikrishna, Depner, Martin, Ege, Markus Johannes, Renz, Harald, Pfefferle, Petra Ina, Schaub, Bianca, Lauener, Roger, Hyvärinen, Anne, Knight, Rob, Heederik, Dick J. J., von Mutius, Erika, and Pekkanen, Juha

Published
2019
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12. Quantitative assessment of microbes from samples of indoor air and dust

Author

Leppänen, Hanna K, Täubel, Martin, Jayaprakash, Balamuralikrishna, Vepsäläinen, Asko, Pasanen, Pertti, and Hyvärinen, Anne

Abstract

Different types of house dust samples are widely used as surrogates of airborne inhalation exposure in studies assessing health effects of indoor microbes. Here we studied—in a quantitative assessment—the representativeness of different house dust samples of indoor air (IA) and investigated seasonality and reproducibility of indoor samples. Microbial exposure was measured five times over 1 year in four rural and five urban Finnish homes. Six sampling methods were used: button inhalable aerosol sampler (actively collected personal and indoor air sampling), settled dust, floor dust, mattress dust and vacuum cleaner dust bag dust; the latter three referred to herein as “reservoir dust samples”. Using quantitative PCR, we quantified the fungal species Cladosporium herbarum, the fungal group Penicillium/Aspergillus/Paecilomyces variotii, total fungal DNA, and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We observed significant differences in microbial levels between rural and urban homes, most pronounced for personal air samples. Fungal species and groups but not total fungal DNA in indoor air correlated moderately to well with reservoir dust and with personal air samples. For bacterial groups, the correlations between air and dust were generally lower. Samples of indoor air and settled dust reflected similarly seasonal variation in microbial levels and were also similar compositionally, as assessed by ratios of qPCR markers. In general, determinations from mattress dust and other reservoir samples were better reproducible in repeated assessments over time than from indoor air or settled dust. This study indicates that settled dust reflects the microbial composition of indoor air and responds similarly to environmental determinants. Reservoir dusts tend to predict better microbial levels in indoor air and are more reproducible. Sampling strategies in indoor studies need to be developed based on the study questions and may need to rely on more than one type of sample.

Published
2018
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