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Supplementary images of the holotype and single known specimenof Caenonychus fallax Oudemans. Abstract of associated paper: The single known specimen of the monotypic genus Caenonychus Oudemans, 1902 was examined. No distinguishing characters could be found to justify the retention of Speleorchestes Trägårdh, 1909 as a separate genus from Caenonychus. Grandjean (1939) suspected these genera were synonymous but retained Speleorchestes as valid because of a difference between the two genera in opisthosomal shape. An artifactual explanation for the difference in opisthosomal shape is herein accepted based on the effects of applying different pressures to the coverslip over the same specimen. Therefore, Speleorchestes is treated as a junior synonym of Caenonychus.

Tetranychus canadensis (McGregor, 1950) (Figs 1–35) Septanychus canadensis, McGregor 1950: 319, original description. Tetranychus canadensis, Pritchard & Baker 1952: 267, new combination; Baker & Pritchard, 1953: 221; Pritchard & Baker 1955: 393; Tuttle & Baker 1964: 41; Baker & Tuttle 1994: 289; Seeman & Beard 2011: 24. Description Measurements are given based on the specimens ex. Liriodendron tulipifera, from 49 th Place, College Park City, Maryland, U.S.A. Female (n = 10) Dorsum (Figs 1–3). Idiosomal length from v 2 to h 2 380 (317–424), width from c 3 to c 3 282 (244–311). Propodosoma with broadly truncate anterior margin, with longitudinal medial lobed striae anteriorly and posteriorly flanked by a narrow strip of transverse lobed striae (Fig. 1). Prodorsum with three pairs of barbed setae. Length of prodorsal setae: v 2 68 (64–73), sc 1 118 (114–123), sc 2 88 (79–96). Distance between setal bases: v 2 – v 2 67 (60–73), sc 1 – sc 1 78 (72–82), sc 2 – sc 2 193 (169–210). Hysterosoma with transverse striae between c 1 – f 1, longitudinal between f 1 – f 1 followed by transverse (Fig. 2, 3C), arched (Figs 3B, D) or irregular striae (Fig. 3A). Length of longitudinal striae between f 1 – f 1 varies among female mites ex. Liriodendron tulipifera (Magnoliaceae), usually ending at the level of f 2 - f 2 (Fig 3D), sometimes not reaching the level of f 2 - f 2 (Figs 2, 3B, C). Dorsal setae on hysterosoma similar to prodorsal setae. Para-anal setae h 2 sub-terminal, h 3 terminal, located ventrally. Length of setae: c 1 108 (101–114), c 2 106 (100–111), c 3 96 (88–103), d 1 106 (91–113), d 2 107 (100–112), e 1 106 (101–110), e 2 106 (98–114), f 1 94 (85–100), f 2 85 (78–98), h 2 33(28–38), h 3 35 (25–40). Distances between setal bases: c 1 – c 1 69 (62–79), c 2 – c 2 143 (129–154), c 3 – c 3 282 (244–311), d 1 – d 1 80 (76–90), d 2 – d 2 107 (100–112), e 1 – e 1 51 (45–56), e 2 – e 2 157 (131–151), f 1 – f 1 51 (45–58), f 2 – f 2 94 (84–113). Three pair of lyrifissures (ia, im, ip) visible. Venter (Figs 4–6). Ventral striae without lobes, transverse except for pregenital region with longitudinal broken (Figs 5, 6A, C, D, E) or, in other populations, weakly broken or entire striae (Figs 6B, F). Genital flap with transverse fine striae. Coxal setal chaetotaxy 2-2-1-1. Three pairs of intercoxal barbed setae 1a, 3a and 4a. Setae 1a 45 (43–47) longer than distance 1a–1a 34 (32–36). Setae 3a 51 (47–53) shorter than distance 3a–3a 69 (66–74). Setae 4a 72 (62–79) as long as distance between 4a–4a 72 (66–78). Two pairs of barbed genital setae (g 1 & g 2), subequal in length, g 1 43 (39–47) and g 2 40 (37–42). Two pairs of anal setae (ps) nude, subequal in length, ps 1 18 (15–20) and ps 2 17 (16–19). Gnathosoma (Figs 7–8). Stylophore with longitudinal striae only. Peritreme groove hook-like; four or five peritrematal septa visible (Fig.7A, arrows a, b). Subcapitular setae m smooth, subequal in length [46 (44 – 47)] to distance m–m 48 (46–51). Three pairs of adoral setae (or 1–3) conspicuous, or 1 dorsal, spine-like; or 2 lateral, leaf-like, or 3 ventral, leaf-like. Hole-like rostral fossette visible on ventral subdistal rostrum (Fig. 7B arrow e). Palp striate dorsally and ventrally, but membranes between palpal segments punctate ventrally. Dorsal surface of palp base with supracoxal seta (ep), eupathidial form. Setae d PFe and l″ PGe barbed. All three palptibial setae finely barbed; l′ PTi located near base of tibial claw. Tibial claw each side with lateral hole (Fig. 7B, arrows c) and lateral spur (Fig. 7B, arrows d). Terminal eupathidium (suζ) sub-conical, 6.7 (6.0–7.0) long and 3.6 (3.1–3.8) in diameter at widest level. Two lateral eupathidia (ul′ζ and ul″ζ) subequal in length, ul′ζ 6.9 (6.5–7.4), ul″ ζ 7.3 (7.1– 7.6). Solenidion (ω) 4.6 (4.3–5.0) long, about twice as long as wide 1.7 (1.5–1.8). Three normal setae (a, b, c) nude (Figs 8A, B). Legs (Figs 9, 10). Coxa I dorsally with a supracoxal seta (el), eupathidial form (Fig. 7A). Claws of I–IV pad like, each with a dorsal spur (Fig. 9A, arrow a) and a pair of tenet hairs. Empodia I–IV each with a small dorsal spur and three pairs of proximoventral hairs (Figs 9 A–D, arrows b–e). Tarsus I with two pairs of duplex setae; tarsus II with one pair of duplex setae; tarsus III and IV each with a solenidion. Dorsal seta on tibia I (db) with trichobothridial aspect (Fig. 10A). Male (n =10) Dorsum (Figs 11–13). Length of idiosoma (v 2 – h 2) 202 (190–217); width of idiosoma (c 3 – c 3) 151 (134–160). Prodorsal striae longitudinal, with lobes; hysterosomal striae transverse, without lobes. Shape of dorsal setae as in female, h 2 dorsal, h 3 laterodorsal (Figs 13 & 14A). Length of setae: v 2 51 (46–56), sc 1 91 (82–101), sc 2 65 (54–75), c 1 77 (69–85), c 2 77 (67–85), c 3 71 (63–78), d 1 75 (69–80), d 2 76 (66–91), e 1 72 (67–78), e 2 74 (66–81), f 1 59 (52–63), h 2 19 (16–23), h 3 15 (13–17). Distances between setal bases: v 2 – v 2 51 (46–56), sc 1 – sc 1 61 (54–65), sc 2 – sc 2 121 (110–129), c 1 – c 1 54 (49–59), c 2 – c 2 94 (80–97), c 3 – c 3 151 (134–160), d 1 – d 1 53 (47–56), d 2 – d 2 101 (93–107), e 1 – e 1 31 (27–33), e 2 – e 2 76 (67–83), f 1 – f 1 30 (24–34), f 2 – f 2 46 (41–50). Venter. Ventral striate including pregenital region transverse, without lobes; ventral setae barbed excepting smooth ps 1 and ps 2 (Fig. 14A): 1a 35 (30–39), 3a 37 (33–41), 4a 50 (45–55), ag 41 (33–47), g 1 16 (14–17), g 2 14 (14–15), ps 1 9 (8–10), ps 2 9 (8–10). Distances between setal bases: 1a–1a 23 (21–26), 3a–3a 45 (40–49), 4a–4a 49 (41–67). Gnathosoma (Figs 14B, 15A, B, 16). Peritreme groove hook-like (Figs 15A, 16A); sometimes hook bifurcate (Fig. 15A). Subcapitular setae m smooth, length 36 (30 – 41) subequal with distance m–m 36 (34–41). Three pairs of adoral setae (or 1–3) conspicuous, or 1 dorsal, spine-like; or 2 lateral, leaf-like, or 3 ventral, leaf-like. Palp (Figs 14B, 15A). Supracoxal seta (ep) eupathidial form. Seta d PFe peg-like. Palpal tarsus with coneshaped spinneret (suζ) slightly thinner than female, 5.8 (5.4–6.5) in length, 2.1 (1.9–2.2) in diameter at base; single solenidion 4.4 (4–4.7) in length and 1.4 (1.3–1.5) width; two eupathidia, ul′ζ 5.5 (5.1–5.9), ul″ζ 6.5 (5.7–7.2) and three normal setae (a, b, c). Legs (Figs 17–18). Coxa I dorsally with a supracoxal seta (el), eupathidial form (Figs 15A, C). Empodium I with one dorsal spur and two pairs of ventral spurs. Empodia II–IV with one dorsal spur and three pairs of proximoventral hairs. Tarsus I with two pairs of duplex setae (Fig. 17A) and tarsus II with one pair of duplex setae; tarsus III and IV each with one solenidion. Dorsal seta on tibia I, a trichobothrium, with cup shaped base and broken striae on inner integument (Fig. 17B). Aedeagus (Figs. 19–21). Dorsal margin of knob of aedeagus convex, anterior projection shorter than posterior. A thin, long ejaculatory duct connecting aedeagus to a cup-shaped seminal vesicle. Deutonymph (n =5) Dorsum (Fig.22). Length of idiosoma (v 2 – h 2) 259 (240–277); width of idiosoma (c 3 – c 3) 204 (198–214). Prodorsal striae longitudinal and without lobes, posteriorly flanked by a narrow strip of transverse lobed striae or smooth striae; Hysterosoma with transverse striae between c 1 – e 1, arched between f 1 – f 1 following by transverse striae. Hysterosomal striae smooth except for lobed striae between c 1 – c 1. Length of setae: v 2 54 (50–57), sc 1 98 (96–100), sc 2 69 (66–73), c 1 81 (66–92), c 2 82 (75–86), c 3 57 (69–81), d 1 84 (81–87), d 2 88 (85–89), e 1 83 (79–87), e 2 81 (79–83), f 1 70 (64–74), f 2 57 (55–59), h 2 29 (28–30), h 3 25 (24–27). Distances between setal bases: v 2 – v 2 56 (54–58), sc 1 – sc 1 67 (65–69), sc 2 – sc 2 159 (152–164), c 1 – c 1 61 (58–62), c 2 – c 2 118 (114–122), c 3 – c 3 204 (198–214), d 1 – d 1 68 (65–73), d 2 – d 2 142 (137–148), e 1 – e 1 40 (38–43), e 2 – e 2 110 (104–121), f 1 – f 1 32 (29–35), f 2 – f 2 64 (61–69). Venter (Fig. 23). Most ventral striae transverse except for pregenital region with longitudinal entire striae. Ventral setae: 1a 34 (34–35), 3a 38 (37–39), 4a 45 (38–52), ag 54 (53–56), g 1 25 (23–29), ps 1 14 (13–15), ps 2 14 (13–15). Distances between setal bases: 1a–1a 23 (21–26), 3a–3a 52 (47–55), 4a–4a 52 (50–55), ag–ag 46 (46– 47). Gnathosoma (Figs. 24C, D). Subcapitular setae m length 36 (33–39) slightly shorter than distance m -m 39 (35–43). Spinneret (suζ) 5.8 (5.5–6.1) in length and 2.2 (2–2.4) in diameter; single solenidion 4.4 (4–4.8) in length and 1.5 (1.4–1.5) in diameter, and two eupathidia ul′ζ 5.7 (5.2–6.1), ul″ζ 6.5 (6.4–6.5). Legs (Fig. 25). Coxa I dorsally with a supracoxal seta (el), eupathidial form. Claws of I–IV pad-like, each with a dorsal spur and a pair of tenet hairs. Empodia I–IV each with a small dorsal spur and three pairs of proximoventral hairs. Tarsus I with two pairs of duplex setae; tarsus II with one pair of duplex setae; tarsus III with a solenidion and tarsus IV without solenidion. Protonymph (n=2) Dorsum (Fig. 26). Length of idiosoma (v 2 – h 2) 184 (183–184); width of idiosoma (c 3 – c 3) 170 (165–174). Prodorsal striae longitudinal and without lobes, posteriorly flanked by a narrow strip of transverse striae. Hysterosoma with transverse striae. Length of setae: v 2 51 (49–53), sc 1 81 (80–82), sc 2 58 (57–58), c 1 70 (68–71), c 2 63 (61–65), c 3 60 (57–62), d 1 62 (57–66), d 2 67 (65–69), e 1 59 (58–59), e 2 65 (61–69), f 1 56 (55–56), f 2 47 (44–49), h 2 22 (20–24), h 3 22 (21–22). Distances between setal bases: v 2 – v 2 51 (50–52), sc 1 – sc 1 63 (62–64), sc 2 – sc 2 126 (115–137), c 1 – c 1 58 (57–59), c 2 – c 2 110 (109–111), c 3 – c 3 170 (165–174), d 1 – d 1 60 (58–62), d 2 – d 2 123 (118–128), e 1 – e 1 35 (34–35), e 2 – e 2 84 (82–85), f 1 – f 1 20 (18–21), f 2 – f 2 42 (41–42). Venter (Fig. 27). Venter with transverse striae except for pregenital region with longitudinal entire striae. Ventral setae: 1a 30 (29–30), 3a 35 (32–38), ps 1 12 (11–12), ps 2 13 (12–13). Distances between setal bases: 1a–1a 27 (26–28), 3a–3a 48 (47–49). Gnathosoma (Figs. 28, 29). Subcapitular setae m length 30 (29–31) subequal to distance m -m 32 (31–33). Spinneret (suζ) 4.6 (4.5–4.6) in length and 1.9 (1.8–2.0) in diameter; single solenidion 3.9 (3.8–4.0) in length and 1.3 (1.2–1.3) in diameter, and two eupathidia ul′ζ, 4.5 (4.4–4.6), ul″ζ 5.7 (5.6–5.7). Legs (Fig. 30). Claws of I–IV pad like, each with a dorsal spur and a pair of tenet hairs. Empodia I–IV each with a small dorsal spur and three pairs of proximoventral hairs. Tarsus I with two pairs of duplex setae; tarsus II with on pair of duplex setae; tarsus III and IV without solenidion. Larva (n = 5) Dorsum (Figs 31, 32A, B). Length of idiosoma (v 2 – h 2) 140 (127–157); width of idiosoma (c 3 – c 3) 147 (133–157). Doral striae and shape of dorsal setae similar to that of protonymph. Length of setae: v 2 46 (38–55), sc 1 68 (67–68), sc 2 56 (45–70), c 1 51 (50–53), c 2 48 (47–49), c 3 47 (45–51), d 1 48 (47–51), d 2 48 (47–49), e 1 45 (41–47), e 2 45 (43–48), f 1 41 (41–41), f 2 35 (33–38), h 2 22 (18–24), h 3 22 (21–25). Distances between setal bases: v 2 – v 2 41 (37–44), sc 1 – sc 1 56 (53–61), sc 2 – sc 2 99 (89–108), c 1 – c 1 45 (43–50), c 2 – c 2 87 (77–93), c 3 – c 3 147 (133–157), d 1 – d 1 42 (39–46), d 2 – d 2 95 (84–102), e 1 – e 1 24 (28–31), e 2 – e 2 67 (57–75), f 1 – f 1 12 (10–13), f 2 – f 2 37(33–41). Venter (Fig. 32C). Ventral striae entirely transverse. Ventral setae: 1a 30 (28–32), 3a 26 (26–27), ps 1 12 (12–13), ps 2 12 (12–13). Distances between setal bases: 1a–1a 26 (26–27), 3a–3a 34 (31–36). Gnathosoma (Figs. 33B, C). Spinneret (suζ) 5.4 (4.9–5.8) in length and 1.4 (1.4–1.4) in diameter; single solenidion 3.9 (3.7–4.2) in length and 1.2 (1.1–1.3) in diameter, and two eupathidia ul′ζ 4.2 (3.9–4.5), ul″ζ acuminate, 5.0 (4.6–5.7). Legs (Fig. 34). Claws of I–IV pad-like, each with a dorsal spur and a pair of tenet hairs. Empodia I–IV each with a small dorsal spur and three pairs of proximoventral hairs. Tarsus I and II each with one pair of duplex setae; tarsus III and IV without solenidion. Ontogenetic development of leg setae Larva. Setae counts: femora, 3-3-2; genua, 4-4-2; tibiae, 5(1 ω)-5-5; tarsi, 6(1 ω)(2 ζ)-6(1 ω)(2 ζ)-6. Trochanters I–III nude, without seta. Femora I–II with three setae (d, v′, bv″), one dorsal and two ventral, respectively, and femur III with two setae (d, ev′). Genua I–II with four setae (l′, l″, v′, v″) respectively, and genu III with two setae (l′, v′). Tibiae I–III with five tactile setae (d, l′, l″, v′, v″), tibia I with solenidion (φ). Tarsus I with six tactile setae, unguinals (u′, u″), primiventrals (pv′, pv″) and fastigials (ft′, ft″), one solenidion (ω″), two eupathidial prorals (p′ζ, p″ζ). One fastigianl ft″ and solenidion (ω″) forming duplex setae. Protonymph. A total of seven setae added on leg I–III in protonymph— tc′, tc′′ and v′ 1 on tarsus I, tc′ and tc′′ on tarsus II and III. Leg IV with a total 16 tactile setae: femur with 2, genu 2, tibia 5 and tarsus 6. Setal counts: femora, 3-3-2-2; genua, 4-4-2-2; tibiae, 5(1 ω)-5-5-5; tarsi, 8(2 ω)(3 ζ)-7(1 ω)(2 ζ)-6-6. Deutonymph. A total of 20 setae and solenidia added on leg I–IV in deutonymph— v′ on trochanters I–III; l′, l″, v″ on femur I; d on genua I–IV; l′ 1, l″ 1 on tibia I; l′ 1, l″ 1, v″ 1, ω″ 1 on tarsus I; v′ 1 on tarsus II; ω′ on tarsus III; tc′, tc″ on tarsus IV. Setal counts: trochanters, 1-1-1-0, femora, 6-3-2-2; genua, 5-5-3-3; tibiae, 7(1 ω)-5-5-5; tarsi, 11(3 ω)(3 ζ)- 8(1 ω)(2 ζ)-6(1 ω)-6. Female. A total of 28 tactile setae and two solenidia added on legs I–IV— l′ 1, l″ 1, v′ 1, v″ 1 on femur I; v′ 1, v″ 1 on tibia I; v′ 2 on tarsus I; l′ 1, l″ 1, v″ 1 on femur II; v′ 1, l′ 1 on tibia II, l′ 1, v″ 1, v′ 2 and one solenidia on tarsus II; l′, Published as part of Liu, Man, Yi, Tian-Ci, Gulbronson, Connor, Bauchan, Gary R. & Ochoa, Ronald, 2020, Ontogenetic and morphological studies on Tetranychus canadensis (Acari: Tetranychidae), pp. 215-250 in Zootaxa 4857 (1) on pages 221-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4857.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/4396392, {"references":["McGregor, E. A. (1950) Mites of the family Tetranychidae. American Midland Naturalist, 44, 257 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 2421963","Pritchard, A. E. & Baker, E. W. (1952) A guide to the spider mites of deciduous fruit trees. Hilgardia, 21, 253 - 287. https: // doi. org / 10.3733 / hilg. v 21 n 09 p 253","Baker, E. W. & Pritchard, A. E. (1953) A Guide to the spider mites of cotton. Hilgardia, 22, 203 - 234. https: // doi. org / 10.3733 / hilg. v 22 n 07 p 203","Pritchard, A. E. & Baker, E. W. (1955) A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae. Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society, 2, 472 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 150852","Tuttle, D. M. & Baker, E. W. (1964) The spider mites of Arizona (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arizona, Technical Bulletin, 158, 1 - 41.","Baker, E. W. & Tuttle, D. M. (1994) A guide to the spider mites (Tetranychidae) of the United States. Indira Publishing House, Michigan, USA, 347 pp.","Seeman, O. D. & Beard, J. J. (2011) Identification of exotic pest and Australian native and naturalised species of Tetranychus (Acari: Tetranychidae). Zootaxa, 2961, 1 - 72. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2961.1.1","Yi, T. - C. & Ochoa, R. (2018) Revision of Bryobiella Tuttle & Baker (Acari, Tetranychidae), with ontogenetic development and redescription of B. desertorum. Zootaxa, 4540 (1), 93 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4540.1.9"]}

Morphology of T. canadensis The rostrum of spider mites (Tetranychidae) was examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) by Summer et al. (1973), Jeppson et al. (1975), Hislop & Jeppson (1976) and Razaq et al. (2000). Lindquist (1985) noted the mouth of spider mites was flanked by hyaline lateral lips and three pairs of usually inconspicuous adoral setae (or 1-3) apically. The rostrum of Raoiella (Tenuipalpidae) were examined with SEM by Beard et al. (2012) who observed 3 pairs of adoral setae around the tip of the rostrum. The rostrums of Bryobia sp., Petrobia sp. and Oligonychus sp. have the same characters as T. canadensis: the tip of rostrum of all spider mites bears three pairs of adoral setae: the lateral and ventral ���lips��� are modified as leaf-like adoral setae, (or 2 and or 3), and the dorsal lips bearing a pair of spine-like adoral setae (or 1) (Fig 7B). The trichobothrium, a mechanoreceptor, has cup-like socket for setal base (Grandjean 1943). In spider mites the dorsal seta on tibia I has a trichobothridial aspect and seta d on femora I and II sometimes has a similar aspect (Lindquist 1985). In this study, we show the trichobothridial nature of these setae using SEM studies of T. canadensis. Trichobothridial seta, on tibia I, has a cup-shaped base and broken striae on the inner integument (Fig 17B), while normal seta does not has striae on the inner integument (Fig 17C). Leg setation of spider mites (Tetranychidae) provides valuable information for species diagnostics and systematics (Yi et al. 2013, 2017; Yi & Ochoa 2018; Seeman et al. 2017). In recent works on descriptions and ontogeny of spider mites, chaetotaxy data are now more commonly provided than simple setal counts (e.g. Beard & Walter, 2010; Yi & Zhang 2013, 2017; Yi et al., 2017; Li et al. 2017, 2018a, 2018b; Khanjani et al. 2017; Liu & Zhang 2018; Khanjani et al. 2018; Mahdavi et al. 2018). T. canadensis has typical larval chaetotaxy of Tetranychidae provided by Lindquist (1985) and is vastly different from several hypotrichous genera (for which ontogenetic data are available) such as Neonidulus ( Beard & Walter 2010), Tribolonychus (Yi et al. 2013), Bryobiella (Yi & Ochoa 2018) and certain species of Eotetranychus (Seeman et al. 2017). On the other hand, it is close to some other species of Eotetranychus (Yi et al. 2017, Seeman et al. 2017) and Oligonychus (Li et al. 2017, 2018; Khanjani et al. 2018), and identical to some Oligonychus (Khanjani et al. 2018)., Published as part of Liu, Man, Yi, Tian-Ci, Gulbronson, Connor, Bauchan, Gary R. & Ochoa, Ronald, 2020, Ontogenetic and morphological studies on Tetranychus canadensis (Acari: Tetranychidae), pp. 215-250 in Zootaxa 4857 (1) on pages 244-245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4857.1.11, http://zenodo.org/record/4396392, {"references":["Summer, F. M., Gonzalez, R. H. & Witt, R. L. (1973) The mouthparts of Bryobia rubrioculus (Sch.) (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington Entomological Society of Washington, 75, 96 - 111.","Jeppson, L. R., Keifer, H. H. & Baker, E. W. (1975) Mites injurious to economic plants. Berkeley, University of California Press, xxiv + 614 pp.","Hislop, R. G. & Jeppson, L. R. (1976) Morphology of the Mouthparts of Several Species of Phytophagous Mites. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 69 (6), 1125 - 1135. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 69.6.1125","Razaq, A., Ohbayashi, N. & Shiraishi, M. (2000) Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations on the Mouthparts of Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Agistemus terminalis (Quayle) (Acari: Stigmaeidae) on Satsuma Mandarin. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 35 (1), 189 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.1303 / aez. 2000.189","Lindquist, E. E. (1985) 1.1. 1 External anatomy. In: Helle, W. & Sabelis, M. W. (Eds.), Spider mites. Their biology, natural enemies and control. Vol. A. Amsterdam, Elsevier, pp. 3 - 28.","Beard, J. J., Ochoa, R., Bauchan, G. R., Welbourn, W. C., Pooley, C. & Dowling, A. P. G. (2012) External mouthpart morphology in the Tenuipalpidae (Tetranychoidea): Raoiella a case study. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 57 (3 - 4), 227 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10493 - 012 - 9540 - 2","Yi, T. - C. & Ochoa, R. (2018) Revision of Bryobiella Tuttle & Baker (Acari, Tetranychidae), with ontogenetic development and redescription of B. desertorum. Zootaxa, 4540 (1), 93 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4540.1.9","Seeman, O. D., Beard, J. J. & Zhang, L. (2017) A new Australian species of Eotetranychus (Acari: Tetranychidae) from buck spinifex Triodia mitchelli (Poaceae), intraspecific variation in Eotetranychus, and the synonymy of Platytetranychus with Eotetranychus. Zootaxa, 4324 (3), 491 - 517. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4324.3.5","Beard, J. J. & Walter, D. E. (2010) New spider mite genus (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) from Australia & New Zealand, with a discussion of Yezonychus Ehara. Zootaxa, 2578, 1 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2578.1.1","Yi, T. - C. & Zhang, Z. - Q. (2013) A new species of the genus Sonotetranychus (Acari: Tetranychidae) from New Zealand. Zootaxa, 3721 (4), 334 - 350. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3721.4.2","Li, J., Jin, D. - C. & Yi, T. - C. (2017) Ontogenetic development and redescription of Oligonychus metasequoiae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Systematic and Applied Acarology, 22 (9), 1495 - 1520. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 22.9.14","Li, J., Yi, T. - C., Guo, J. - J. & Jin, D. - C. (2018 a) Ontogenetic development and redescription of Oligonychus pratensis (Banks, 1912) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Zootaxa, 4486 (3), 349 - 375. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4486.3.7","Li, J., Yi, T. - C., Guo, J. - J. & Jin, D. - C. (2018 b) Ontogenetic development and redescription of Eotetranychus kankitus (Acariformes: Tetranychidae) Zootaxa, 4540 (1), 132 - 157. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4540.1.10","Khanjani, M., Khanjani, M. & Seeman, O. (2017) New spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) of the genera Paraplonobia and Eurytetranychus from Iran, and a description of all life stages of Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein). Acarologia, 57 (3), 465 - 491. https: // doi. org / 10.24349 / aarologia / 20174167.","Liu, J. - F. & Zhang, Z. - Q. (2018) A survey of descriptions of immature instars of mites during the last three years. Zootaxa, 4540 (1), 211 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4540.1.13","Khanjani, M., Khanjani, M. & Seeman, O. D. (2018) The spider mites of the genus Oligonychus Berlese (Acari: Tetranychidae) from Iran. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 23 (2), 223 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 23.2.4","Mahdavi, S. M., Latifi, M. & Asadi, M. (2018) A new species of Petrobia (Mesotetranychus) (Acari: Tetranychidae) from Ephedra sp. (Ephedraceae) in Iran. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 23 (6), 1148 - 1154. https: // doi. org / 10.11158 / saa. 23.6.10"]}

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:16:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-06-01 The Tarsonemidae (Acari: Prostigmata) exhibit a high diversity of feeding habits and morphological structures, which allow them to live in a diversity of habitats. Tarsonemus is the largest genus, with more than 280 described species belonging to three subgenera: Tarsonemus sensu stricto, Chaetotarsonemus and Schaarschmidtia. Eight species of the genus have been reported from Brazil. In addition, there are two new species, Tarsonemus cacaosp. nov. from Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae) branches, and Tarsonemus bahiensissp. nov. from Passiflora foetida L. (Passifloraceae) and Etlingera elatior Jack (Zingiberaceae) leaves. Both new species were collected in a cabruca agroforest, a traditional cacao cultivation system in the southern coast region of Bahia state. The new Tarsonemidae are described and illustrated here. Pharyngeal and gnathosomal structures of the new species are compared to other Tarsonemus species. Programa de Pós-graduação em Produção Vegetal (PPGPV) Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC) Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP) Instituto de Biociência Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE) Systematic Entomology Laboratory United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service United States National Arboretum Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit Departamento de Zoologia e Botânica Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP) Instituto de Biociência Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE)

Tenuipalpu s kitajimai sp. nov. Castro, Feres & Ochoa (Figs 15–27) Diagnosis. Female: Prodorsal setae v2 and sc1 minute to short; sc2 elongate, lanceolate-falcate; dorsal opisthosoma with 10 pairs of setae (f2 present); most of the dorsal opisthosomal setae obovate (c1, c3, h1) to oblanceolate (e3, f2, f3), except setae d1, d3, e1 short to minute, thick, and h2 elongate, filiform; prodorsum with a pair of carinae converging posteriorly from setae sc1 to short central semicircular carina just anterior to shield margin and sejugal furrow; opisthosoma bearing a prominent transverse semicircular crest between setae c1–c1 and d1–d1 and one longitudinal crest between setae e1–e1; palp two segmented; two pairs of ps setae; one pair of 3a and 4a setae. Male: unknown. Immatures: deutonymphs and protonymphs bearing one pair median projections on anterior margin of prodorsum; with lateral body projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2 present (lateral body projection posterior and adjacent setae c3 absent); dorsal setae similar to those of the female, except shorter. Larvae with colliculate cuticle on central prodorsum, dorsal opisthosoma posterior to setae d3 and e1, and over legs; setae v2, sc1, c1, d1, d3, e1 short to minute, other dorsal setae similar to those of female except smaller. Dorsum (Figs 15 –18). Anterior margin of prodorsal shield with two pairs of median lobes, central pair forming a forked projection with deep notch, lateral lobes forming two shallow notches. Prodorsum with one pair of rounded lateral projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2; and anterior lateral margin of opisthosoma with a pair of rounded conical projections posterior and adjacent to setae c3; a pair of carinae converging posteriorly from setae sc1 to short central semicircular carina just anterior to shield margin and sejugal furrow (Fig. 16a). Opisthosoma with a prominent transverse semicircular cuticular crest between setae c1–c1 and d1–d1 and a longitudinal crest between setae e1–e1 (Figs 16b, 17a, 18). Prodorsal setae v2 and sc1 minute to short and weakly barbed; sc2 elongate, lanceolate-falcate; most dorsal opisthosomal setae obovate (c1, c3, h1) to oblanceolate (e3, f2, f3), except d1, d3, e1 short to minute, thick, and h2 elongate filiform. Setal measurements: v2 5 (5–6), sc1 9 (7–9), sc2 70 (65–70), c1 38 (36–42), c3 36 (36–42), d1 6 (5–7), d3 7 (5–7), e1 7 (5–7), e3 55 (52–55), f2 45 (45–50), f3 45 (45–50), h1 31 (30–31), h2 100 (85–100). Venter (Figs 19, 20). Ventral integument with fine transverse striae centrally and densely colliculate laterally; ventral and genital plates not thickened but membranous genital flap is present (Figs 19, 20) that appears to form part of a large membranous genito-ventral plate bearing setae ag, g1, g2 and clearly delimited laterally by the (longitudinal) folded cuticle of the ovipore (Fig. 20), entire membranous plate with fine transverse striae; membranous anal valves with fine longitudinal striae; setae 1a, 4a filiform; coxal setae 1c, 2c, 3b, 4b and trochanter setae barbed; coxal setae 4b inserted much closer to 4a than 3b to 3a. Setal measurements: 1a 80 (75–80), 1b 10 (8–10), 1c 23 (21–23), 2b 17 (15–17), 2c 30 (27–30), 3a 8 (7–9), 3b 32 (28–31), 4a 60 (60–70), 4b 23 (20–25), ag1 12 (10–13), g1 22 (17–23), g2 16 (13–16), ps2 11 (7–11), ps3 12 (10–13). Gnathosoma (Figs 21, 22). Palps two segmented, first (basal) segment short; second (distal) segment elongate and bearing one long, barbed seta d 11 (10–12) and two eupathidia, ul ′ 4 (3–4), ul ′′ 2 (1–2). Ventral infracapitulum setae m 13 (10–13); distance between setae m–m 19 (17–19). Dorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with single pair of short central lobes, forming short notch; pair of rounded lateral body projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2 present. Prodorsal region smooth to setae c1, with appearance of a shield (Fig. 25); region between setae sc2–c3 and c1–d1 with broad band of oblique to transverse striations; dorsal opisthosoma posterior to setae d1–c3 smooth, with appearance of distinct pygidial shield (Fig. 25). Dorsal setae similar to that of female, except smaller, and setae c1, c3 much smaller. Setal measurements: v2 2–3, sc1 3–4, sc2 63–70, c 1 13–19, c 3 20–22, d1 3–5, d3 3–4, e1 3 –4, e 3 28 –30, f 2 26–29, f 3 22–28, h 1 17–20, h2 45–50. Gnathosoma. Palps similar to those of female. Setae d on second (distal) segment 7–8 long and eupathidia ul ′ 3, ul ′′ 1. Ventral infracapitulum setae m 8–9; distance between setae m–m 15. Venter. Cuticle covered with fine, mostly transverse striae. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 75–85, 1b 5–6, 1c 9–10, 2b 12–15, 2c 15–17, 3a 5–7, 3b 8–10, 4a 40–50, 4b 8–10, ag 6–7, g1 4–5, ps2 5–6, ps3 4–5. Setae g2 absent. Legs (Fig. 24). Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2–1 –4–3–5–8(1), II 2–1 –4–3–5–8(1), III 1–2 –2–1–3–5, IV 1 – 0–1–0–3–3. Leg chaetotaxy similar to that of female, except trochanter IV nude; tarsi I–II each with one solenidion ω” 3–4 (for both tarsi I–II) and two eupathidia pζ′–pζ” (5, 5; 4–5, 5 respectively). Detail of the pattern of additions of leg setae in Table 1. Protonymph (n = 3) (Fig. 26): Body size measurements: distance between setae v2 –h1 205–210, sc2–sc2 115–125; other measurements: v2–v 2 20–25, sc1–sc1 60–65, c1–c 1 27–30, c3–c3 140–150, d1–d 1 20–25, d3–d3 98–105, e1– e 1 15–18, e3–e3 75–78, f2–f2 65–70, f3–f3 50–55, h1–h 1 17–20, h2–h2 32–35. Dorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with single pair of short central lobes forming a short notch; rounded lateral body projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2 present. Prodorsal region smooth to setae c1; region between setae sc2–c3 with few transverse striations; dorsum posterior to setae d1–c3 smooth; dorsal setae similar to that of female, except much smaller. Setal measurements: v2 2–3, sc1 3, sc2 46–54, c 1 5–10, c 3 15–21, d1 2–3, d3 3, e1 2 –3, e 3 22 –24, f 2 18–22, f 3 17–22, h 1 13–16, h2 32–35. Gnathosoma. Palps similar to those of female. Setae d on second (distal) segment 6–7 and eupathidia ul ′ 2–3, ul ′′ 1. Ventral infracapitulum setae m 6–7; distance between setae m–m 12–13. Venter. Cuticle covered with fine and mostly transverse striae. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal measurements: 1a 55–80, 1b 5–7, 1c 6–7, 2c 8–11, 3a 5–7, 3b 8–10, ag 4–6, ps2 3–4, ps3 4–5. Setae 2b, 4a, 4b, g1 and g2 absent. Legs (Fig. 26). Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2 –0–3–1–5–6(1), II 1 –0–3–1–5–6(1), III 1 –0–2–0–3–3, IV 0–0–1–0–3–3. Tarsi I–II each with one solenidion ω” (4 for tarsi I and 4–5 for tarsi II) and two eupathidia pζ′–pζ” (4–5, 5; 4, 4–5 respectively). Detail of the pattern of additions of leg setae in Table 1. Larva (n = 1) (Fig. 27): Body size measurements: distance between setae v2 –h1 170, sc2–sc2 98; other measurements: v2–v2 13, sc1–sc1 53, c1–c1 25, c3–c3 115, d1–d1 18, d3–d3 78, e1– e1 13, e3–e3 73, f2–f2 63, f3–f3 48, h1–h1 13, h2–h2 30. Dorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded without lobes or projections. Prodorsal region with colliculate integument anteromedially, with region of smooth integument just anterior to setae c1; region between setae sc2–c3 with broad band of oblique and transverse striations; dorsum between d1–d1 and e1–e1 smooth; dorsum posterior to setae e1–d3 with colliculate integument. Setae v2, sc1, c1, d1, d3, e1 minute; other dorsal setae similar to those of female except much smaller. Setal measurements: v2 1, sc1 2, sc2 30, c1 2, c3 17, d1 3, d3 2, e1 2, e3 20, f2 18, f3 18, h1 11, h2 35. Gnathosoma. Palps similar to those of female. Seta d on second (distal) segment 5 long and eupathidia ul ′ 2, ul ′′ 1. Setae m absent. Venter. Cuticle covered with fine and mostly transverse striae. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal measurements: 1a 35, 1b 6, 3a 6, ps2 3, ps3 4. Setae 1c, 2b, 2c, 3b, 4a, 4b, ag, g1 and g2 absent. Legs (Fig. 27). Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2 –0–3–1–5–6(1), II 0–0–3–1–5–6(1), III 0–0–2–0–3–3. Tarsi I–II each with one solenidion ω” (3 for tarsi I and 4 for tarsi II) and two eupathidia pζ′–pζ” (5, 5; 4, 4 respectively). Cuticle of all legs covered with colliculate sculpturing. Detail of the pattern of additions of leg setae in Table 1. Type material. Holotype: adult female collected on an unidentified plant of the family Sapindaceae, from Cotriguaçu, Mato Grosso, Brazil, (9°51’S, 58°25’W), 16 October 2014, coll. J.M. Rezende (DZSJRP). Paratypes: nine females, three deutonymphs, three protonymphs and one larva, same data as the holotype (DZSJRP, NMNH). Etymology. This species is named in honor of Dr Elliot W. Kitajima, of the University of S„o Paulo, ESALQ- USP, Piracicaba, SP, for his dedication to the study of mites in the family Tenuipalpidae, including their plant and disease associations. Differential diagnosis. This new species resembles T. protium sp. nov. (herein described) as explained above in the Differential diagnosis for that species. It also resembles T. caudatus and T. erbei Kane, Castro & Ochoa by sharing the presence of prominent dorsal crests on the opisthosoma (transverse between setae c1–c1 and d1–d1, and longitudinal between setae e1–e1) but differs from these two species by having a smaller, less developed, posterior crest between setae e1–e1. In addition, T. kitajimai differs from T. caudatus in the shape and size of the opisthosomal setae d1, which are minute to short (5–7) in kitajimai versus narrowly obovate to oblanceolate (52–57 long) in caudatus, and most dorsal setae are obovate to oblanceolate in kitajimai versus narrowly lanceolate in erbei. Ontogeny. The ontogenetic changes in the idiosomal and leg setae are the same for both new species (Table 1). The pattern of additions is also similar to that described for T. spinosaurus Castro, Feres & Ochoa, another species of T. sensu stricto group (Castro et al. 2016b). Coxal setae 1c, 2c and 3b are added in the protonymph and 2b and 4b are added in the deutonymph. The coxal setae 4b are inserted in an unusual position, appearing to be mesal to coxal region IV, and close to setae 4a. This character state is also found in T. spinosaurus and T. boyani De Leon. Seta v′ on trochanters I, II and III is expressed in the deutonymph and v′ is added to trochanters IV in the adult (only female known); seta l′ on trochanter III appears in the deutonymph (although it more commonly appears in protonymph (Lindquist 1985)). This same pattern of expression was observed for T. spinosaurus (Castro et al. 2016b). Seta l′ is added to femora I and II in deutonymph. Setae l′ is present on genua I and II of the larvae and setae d and l” are added to genua I and II of the deutonymph. As is common in the family, setae l′ are added to genu III in the deutonymph (Lindquist 1985); while genua IV remain nude. This pattern of expression is also found in the T. sensu lato group (Castro et al. 2015b), while in other species of the lato group the setae l′ and l” are suppressed (Castro et al. 2017). The patterns of additions to the tarsi are quite varied within the family Tenuipalpidae, with variation present even within a single genus (Welbourn et al. 2017). Here, the pairs of tectal setae are added to tarsus I, II and III in the deutonymph and to tarsus IV in the adult, which is delayed one stage from the common pattern seen in the entire superfamily Tetranychoidea. This pattern of delayed additions is also seen in closely related taxa such as T. sarcophilus Welbourn & Beard; whereas other related taxa such as genera Acaricis and Prolixus share the standard superfamily pattern. The ventral chaetotaxy changes match the standard pattern for the superfamily (Lindquist, 1985), as follows: ag setae appear in protonymph; g1 and 4a in deutonymph; g2 setae are added in adult. Further information and discussion about the pattern of additions of leg and idiosomal setae in Tenuipalpus and related genera can be found in Castro et al. (2015b) and Welbourn et al. (2017).

Tenuipalpu s protium sp. nov. Castro, Feres & Ochoa (Figs 1���14) Diagnosis. Female: Prodorsal setae v2 minute; sc1 short, obovate; sc2 elongate, lanceolate-falcate; dorsal opisthosoma with 10 pairs of setae (f2 present); most of the dorsal opisthosomal setae obovate (c3, h1) to elongate oblanceolate (c1, e3, f2, f3), except setae d1, d3 and e1 short to minute and thick, and h2 elongate, filiform; prodorsum with a pair of oblique carinae converging posteriorly from setae sc1 to a short central semicircular carina just anterior to shield margin and sejugal furrow. Opisthosoma with a transverse cuticular crest between setae c1���c1 and d1���d1 and a longitudinal crest between setae e1���e1; palp two segmented; two pairs of ps setae; one pair of 3a and 4a setae. Male: unknown. Immatures: deutonymphs and protonymphs with lateral body projection anterior and adjacent to setae sc2 present (lateral body projection associated with setae c3 absent); dorsal setae similar to those of the female, except sc1 and c1 smaller, and setae d1, d3, e1 finer. Larvae with colliculate cuticle on central prodorsum, dorsal opisthosoma posterior to setae d3 and e1, and over legs. Female (n = 10) (Figs 1���10). Body size measurements: distance between setae v2 ���h1 255 (240���255), sc2���sc2 175 (170���175); other measurements: v2���v2 35 (35���40), sc1���sc1 95 (90���95), c1���c1 50 (42���50), c3���c3 215 (205��� 215), d1���d1 42 (40���45), d3���d3 165 (160���165), e1��� e1 37 (32���37), e3���e3 130 (120���130), f2���f2 115 (100���115), f3���f3 93 (82���93), h1���h1 50 (45���50), h2���h2 67 (62���67). Dorsum (Figs 1���4). Anterior margin of prodorsal shield with two pairs of median lobes, central pair forming a forked projection with a deep notch, and lateral pair forming two shallow notches (see also Fig. 8b). Prodorsal margin with one pair of small rounded lateral projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2; and anterolateral margin of dorsal opisthosoma with a pair of pointed conical (Fig. 4) projections posterior and adjacent to setae c3. Prodorsum with a pair of oblique carinae converging posteriorly from setae sc1 to short central semicircular carina just anterior to shield margin and sejugal furrow. Opisthosoma with one transverse semicircular cuticular crest between setae c1���c1 and d1���d1 and one longitudinal crest between setae e1���e1. Prodorsal setae v2 minute, sc1 short, obovate; sc2 elongate, lanceolate-falcate; opisthosomal setae c3, h1 obovate, setae c1, e3, f2 and f3 elongate, oblanceolate; setae d1, d3 and e1 short to minute, and h2 elongate, filiform. Setal measurements: v2 6 (5���6), sc1 11 (10���11), sc2 74 (72���80), c1 56 (47���59), c3 44 (36���50), d1 10 (8���10), d3 6 (6���7), e1 10 (6���10), e3 57 (57���67), f2 57 (57-63), f3 52 (50���52), h1 35 (33���36), h2 140 (120���145). Venter (Figs 5, 6). Ventral integument with fine striae centrally and densely colliculate cuticle laterally (Fig. 6a); ventral and genital plates not thickened but membranous genital flap is present (Fig. 6b) that appears to form part of a large membranous plate bearing setae ag, g1, g2, which is clearly delimited laterally by the (longitudinal) folded cuticle of the ovipore; entire membranous flap with fine transverse striae; membranous anal valves with fine longitudinal striae; setae 1a, 4a filiform; coxal setae 1c, 2c, 3b and 4b and trochanter setae barbed; coxal setae 4b inserted much closer to 4a than 3b to 3a. Setal measurements: 1a 80 (65���85), 1b 9 (8���10), 1c 21 (21���24), 2b 25 (18���25), 2c 30 (30���31), 3a 13 (9���13), 3b 35 (28���35), 4a 100 (70���105), 4b 25 (25���29), ag 10 (8���10), g1 13 (11���13), g2 15 (12���16), ps2 10 (9���10), ps3 13 (10���13). Gnathosoma (Figs 7, 8). Palps two segmented, first (basal) segment short; second (distal) segment elongate and bearing one long, barbed seta d 10 (10���11) (Figs 7, 8) and two eupathidia, ul ��� 4 (4���5), ul ������ 1 (1���2). Ventral infracapitulum setae m 13 (11���13), barbed (Figs 7, 8a); distance between setae m���m 19 (19���20). Legs (Fig. 9). Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2���1 ���4���3���5���8(1), II 2���1 ���4���3���5���8(1), III 1���2 ���2���1���3���5, IV 1��� 1 ���1���0���3���5. Tarsi I���II each with one solenidion ����� 6 (5���6) (for both tarsi I���II) and two eupathidia p��������p����� (5���6 each); femur I with two enlarged oblanceolate setae, d and l���, and two strongly barbed ventral setae (v���, bv���); femur II with three enlarged oblanceolate setae, d, l���, bv���, and one strongly barbed ventral seta (v���); trochanter III with one enlarged oblanceolate to obovate seta, l���; and femur III with one enlarged oblanceolate seta, d. Femora and genua with setae d inserted in lateral position on tubercles. Detail of the pattern of additions in leg setae in Table 1. Microplates (Fig. 3b). Microplate layer forms a reticulate network of thick ridges covered in small single irregularly shaped wax-like crystals or masses, overlaying a base layer with a smooth even surface made of minute crystals. The ridges appear to be formed by a series of thin, parallel ridges of various lengths that are aligned to form thicker ridges. Color (Fig. 2). Body pinkish-red with dark spots laterally, eyes red, and legs orange. Dorsal body setae and leg setae white. Eggs (Fig. 10). Elongate; dorsal surface with strong, thick, longitudinal ridges the full length of the egg. The ridges have a coating of microplates forming a minute network of irregular ridges that form weak reticulation or a finely rugose texture, interspersed with large smooth regions (Fig. 10b). The eggs are red, and mostly found in association with the veins of the host plant leaves. Male: Unknown. Deutonymph (n = 3) (Figs 11, 12): Body size measurements: distance between setae v2 ���h1 270���300, sc2���sc2 150���155; other measurements: v2���v 2 27���30, sc1���sc1 75���80, c1���c1 40���43, c3���c3 190���205, d1���d 1 25���28, d3���d3 135���145, e1��� e 1 25���28, e3���e3 95���100, f2���f2 85���88, f3���f3 65���68, h1���h 1 22���25, h2���h2 40���45. Dorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with single pair of short central lobes, forming short notch; pair of lateral body projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2 present. Central prodorsal region smooth to setae c1, with appearance of a subrectangular shield (Fig. 12); region between setae sc2���c3 and c1���d1 forming a broad band of oblique to transverse striations across the body; dorsal opisthosoma posterior to setae d1���c3 smooth, with appearance of a pygidial shield (Fig. 12). Dorsal setae similar to that of female, except sc1 slightly smaller and c1 much smaller than female. Setal measurements: v2 2���3, sc1 4���5, sc2 68���73, c 1 11���13, c 3 25���29, d1 4, d3 3���4, e1 3 ���4, e3 36 ���40, f 2 30���35, f3 32���33, h 1 20���23, h2 65���80. Gnathosoma. Palps similar to those of female. Setae d on second segment 7���8 long and eupathidia ul ��� 4���5, ul ������ 1���2. Ventral infracapitulum setae m 6���8; distance between setae m���m 12���16. Venter. Cuticle covered with fine and mostly transverse striae. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine; setae 1a, 4a elongate, filiform. Setal lengths: 1a 80���90, 1b 6���7, 1c 11���13, 2b 10���14, 2c 14���16, 3a 6���9, 3b 13���16, 4a 45���70, 4b 7���11, ag 4���7, g1 5, ps2 5���8, ps3 5���7. Setae g2 absent. Legs (Fig. 11). Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2���1 ���4���3���5���8(1), II 2���1 ���4���3���5���8(1), III 1���2 ���2���1���3���5, IV 1 ���0���1���0���3���3. Leg chaetotaxy similar to that of female, except trochanter IV nude and tectal pair of setae tc absent on tarsus IV; tarsi I���II each with one solenidion ����� 4���5 (for both tarsi I���II) and two eupathidia p��������p����� (5���6, 5���6; 5, 5 respectively). Detail of the pattern of additions of leg setae in Table 1. Protonymph (n = 3) (Fig. 13): Body size measurements: distance between setae v2 ���h1 205���225, sc2���sc2 120���130; other measurements: v2���v 2 25���30, sc1���sc1 60���65, c1���c1 35���38, c3���c3 145���160, d1���d 1 20���23, d3���d3 105���115, e1��� e 1 17���20, e3���e3 77���83, f2���f2 67���73, f3���f3 55���58, h1���h 1 17���20, h2���h2 35���40. Dorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with single pair of short central lobes, forming a short notch; marginal body projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2 present. Central prodorsum smooth to setae c1, with appearance of a weakly formed shield; region between setae sc2���c3 and c1���d1 forming a broad band of oblique to transverse striations across the body; dorsal opisthosoma posterior to setae d1���c3 smooth, with appearance of a weakly formed pygidial shield; dorsal setae similar to that of female, except sc1 slightly smaller, c1 much smaller than female, and c3 lanceolate not obovate. Setal measurements: v2 2, sc1 3���4, sc2 53���56, c1 4���5, c 3 21���26, d1 2���3, d3 3���4, e1 2 ���3, e 3 25 ���30, f 2 23���25, f 3 21���24, h 1 14���15, h2 50���70. Gnathosoma. Palps similar to those of female. Setae d on second segment 7���8 and eupathidia ul ��� 2���3, ul ������ 1���2. Ventral infracapitulum setae m 6; distance between setae m���m 13. Venter. Cuticle covered with fine and mostly transverse striae. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal measurements: 1a 45���75, 1b 5���6, 1c 7���10, 2c 11���12, 3a 6���7, 3b 8���10, ag 5���6, ps2 4���5, ps3 4���5. Setae 2b, 4a, 4b, g1 and g2 absent. Legs (Fig. 13). Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2 ���0���3���1���5���6(1), II 1 ���0���3���1���5���6(1), III 1 ���0���2���0���3���3, IV 0���0���1���0���3���3. Tarsi I���II each with one solenidion ����� 3���4 (for both tarsi I���II) and two eupathidia p��������p����� (5, 5; 4���5, 4���5 respectively). Detail of the pattern of additions of leg setae in Table 1. Larva (n = 3) (Fig. 14): Body size measurements: distance between setae v2 ���h1 170���180, sc2���sc2 100���105; other measurements: v2���v 2 15���18, sc1���sc1 52���53, c1���c 1 27���33, c3���c3 120���125, d1���d 1 15���18, d3���d3 82���85, e1��� e 1 10���13, e3���e3 72���75, f2���f2 62���65, f3���f3 47���50, h1���h 1 12���13, h2���h 2 27���30. Dorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded without lobes or projections. Prodorsal region with colliculate integument anteromedially, and with region of smooth integument just anterior to c1���c1; region between setae sc2���c3 and c1���d1 with broad band of oblique and transverse striations; integument d1���e1 smooth; integument posterior to setae e1���c3 colliculate. Setae sc1 and c1 minute, c3 lanceolate; other dorsal setae similar to those of female, except smaller. Setal measurements: v2 2���3, sc1 2���3, sc2 41���45, c1 2���3, c 3 18���20, d1 2���3, d3 2, e1 2, e 3 22 ���24, f 2 21���23, f 3 19���20, h 1 12���14, h2 45���65. Gnathosoma. Palps similar to those of female. Seta d on second segment 6���7 long and eupathidia ul ��� 3���2, ul ������ 1. Ventral setae m absent. Venter. Cuticle covered with fine and mostly transverse striae. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal measurements: 1a 50���65, 1b 5���7, 3a 5���6, ps1 4, ps2 4���5. Setae 1c, 2b, 2c, 3b, 4a, 4b, ag, g1 and g2 absent. Legs (Fig. 14). Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2 ���0���3���1���5���6(1), II 0���0���3���1���5���6(1), III 0���0���2���0���3���3. Tarsi I���II each with one solenidion ����� 3���4 (for both tarsi I and II) and two eupathidia p��������p����� (4���5, 4���5; 4���5, 4���5 respectively). Cuticle of all legs colliculate. Detail of the pattern of additions of leg setae in Table 1. Type material. Holotype: adult female collected on Protium heptaphyllum (Burseraceae), from S���o Roque de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil, (20��10���S, 46��26���W), 9 September 2016, coll. E.B. Castro (DZSJRP). Paratypes: nine females, three deutonymphs, three protonymphs and three larvae, same data as the holotype (DZSJRP, NMNH). Etymology. The specific name protium refers to the genus of the host plant, Protium heptaphyllum (Burseraceae). Differential diagnosis. This new species resembles Tenuipalpus kitajimai sp. nov. (herein described) as they both have cuticular crests on the opisthosoma (one transverse, one longitudinal), but differs from T. kitajimai sp. nov. in that the transverse crest between setae c1���c1 and d1���d1 is narrower, being as wide as distance c1���c1 (Fig. 4a) (transverse crest is slightly wider than distance c1���c 1 in T. kitajimai sp. nov. (Fig. 18)); setae c1 elongate oblanceolate (47���59 long) in T. protium sp. nov. versus obovate (38���42 long) in T. kitajimai sp. nov.; setae h2 longer in all stages of T. protium; the pattern of microplates is also different between these two species as seen in Figures 3b and 17b. Tenuipalpus protium also resembles the type species for the genus, T. caudatus (Dug��s), but differs in the shape and size of the opisthosomal setae d1, which are minute to short (8���10 long) in protium and narrowly obovate to oblanceolate (52���57 long) in caudatus., Published as part of Castro, Elizeu B., Beard, Jennifer J., Ochoa, Ronald, Bauchan, Gary R. & Feres, Reinaldo J. F., 2018, Two new species of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Brazil with a discussion on the ontogeny of leg setae, pp. 178-210 in Zootaxa 4540 (1) on pages 179-194, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4540.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/2616130

Tenuipalpus sensu stricto group Diagnosis (Based on Castro et al. 2016a). Female: Prodorsum semi-circular, wider than opisthosoma at sejugal furrow; anterior margin of shield with two median paired projections; with a pair of small lateral rounded projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2; with a pair of weakly to strongly developed oblique carinae from setae sc1 to posterior margin of shield, carinae converging at posterior margin or with short central semicircular carina near posterior margin; carinae essentially dividing the prodorsum into three large plates; prodorsal shield with three pairs of setae (v2, sc1, sc2). Dorsal opisthosoma with a pair of obvious lateral conical projections posterior and adjacent to setae c3; with 10 pairs of setae (c1, c3, d1, d3, e1, e3, f2, f3, h1, h2 present; except f2 absent in T. lalbaghensis Channabasavanna & Lakkundi). Dorsal lateral setae sc2, c3, e3, f2, f3 and h1 variable in shape from lanceolate, oblanceolate, obovate to ovate; central setae c1, d1, e1 variable in shape from oblanceolate to minute; setae h2 elongate, filiform; semicircular cuticular crests on opisthosoma present or absent. Palp usually two���three segmented (palp one segmented in T. chiclorum De Leon). Venter with one���two pairs of setae 3a (i.e. 3a 2 present or absent) and one pair of setae 4a; membranous genital flap present, ventral and genital plates not developed; two to three pairs of pseudanal setae (commonly ps2���3 present; setae ps1 present only in T. banahawensis Corpuz-Raros, T. mahoensis Collyer and T. inophylli Gutierrez & Bolland). Femora, genua and tibiae with setae d inserted in lateral position on tubercles; tarsus I���II bearing one antiaxial solenidion; tarsus I���II with seta ft��� short, broad, barbed, penniform (like a feather); tarsi I���IV with setae ft��� filiform. Male: Opisthosoma distinctly narrower than that of female; legs and dorsal setae usually similar to those of female; tarsus I���II bearing two solenidia (one paraxial, one antiaxial); tarsus III bearing zero���one solenidia, tarsus IV without solenidia. Immatures: Protonymphs and deutonymphs usually bearing one pair median projections on anterior margin, and one pair of projections anterior and adjacent to setae sc2., Published as part of Castro, Elizeu B., Beard, Jennifer J., Ochoa, Ronald, Bauchan, Gary R. & Feres, Reinaldo J. F., 2018, Two new species of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Brazil with a discussion on the ontogeny of leg setae, pp. 178-210 in Zootaxa 4540 (1) on page 179, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4540.1.12, http://zenodo.org/record/2616130, {"references":["Castro, E. B., Feres, R. J. F., Ochoa, R. & Bauchan, G. R. (2016 a) A new species of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Brazil, with ontogeny and a key to the known species. Zootaxa, 4088 (3), 355 - 378. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4088.3.3"]}

Eutrombicula Ewing, 1938 Eutrombicula Ewing, 1938: 293; Loomis & Wrenn, 1984: 152; Domrow & Lester, 1985: 8; Hoffmann, 1990: 42; Stekolnikov & González-Acuña, 2015: 3. Type species: Microthrombidium alfreddugesi Oudemans, 1910, Published as part of Bassini-Silva, Ricardo, Jacinavicius, Fernado de Castro, Muñoz-Leal, Sebastián, Maturano, Ralph, Welbourn, W. Calvin, Ochoa, Ronald, Bauchan, Gary R. & Barros-Battesti, Darci M., 2018, A new species of the genus Eutrombicula Ewing, 1938 (Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae) and new records for the species Eutrombicula batatas (Linnaeus, 1758) in Brazil, pp. 976-986 in Acarologia 1938 (4) on page 978, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20184304, http://zenodo.org/record/5390982, {"references":["Ewing H. E. 1938. A key to the genera of chiggers with descriptions of new genera and species. J. Wash. Acad. Sci., 28: 288 - 295.","Loomis R. B., Wrenn W. J. 1984. Systematic of the pest chigger genus Eutrombicula (Acari: Trombiculidae). In: Griffiths D. A., Bowman C. E., (Eds). Acarology VI. Great Britain: Ellis Horwood Publishers. p. 152 - 159.","Domrow R., Lester L. N. 1985. Chiggers of Australia (Acari: Trombiculidae): and annotated checklist, keys and bibliograpy. Aust. J. Zool., 114: 1 - 111.","Oudemans A. C. 1910. Acarologische aanteekeningen XXXIII. Entomol. Ber. (Amsterdam), 3: 83 - 90."]}

Ceratotarsonemus amazonicus Rezende, Lofego & Ochoa sp. nov. (Figs. 4–16) Diagnosis. Female: Pharyngeal pump about 1/2 gnathosomal width. Palpal length about 1/2 gnathosomal length. Prodorsal shield with hexagonal reticulation posteriorly. Tergite C with inverted U-shaped reticulation dorsally, which has four rows of reticula. All dorsal setae coarsely barbed, except for bothridial setae sc1. Vertical setae v1 about ½ length scapular setae sc2 on prodorsum. Setae c1 distinctly longer than c2 on tergite C. Setae c2 and e long (~ 65 and 80 µm, respectively). Ventral surface of propodosoma with prosternal apodeme complete, extending from apodemes 1 to sejugal apodeme. Description. Female: holotype and four paratypes measured. Gnathosoma (Figs. 4 and 5 A-B): capsule subquadrate in outline, 28 (22–28) long (~ 0.2x LI), 19 (18–21) wide (~ 0.2x WI). Palpi 11 (11–13) long (~ 0.4x LG), 3 wide (~ 0.2x WG), with small rounded processes apically, two minute setae. Pharynx fusiform, 15 (13–15) long (~ 0.5x LGC), 6 wide (6–7) (~ 0.3x WG), with external walls and musculature well developed. Cheliceral stylets short, subtriangular, attached to defined basal levers. Gnathosomal setae: dgs 10 (10–12) long (~ 0.4x LG), setiform, smooth. Setae vgs 7 (5–7) long (~ 0.3x LG), setiform, smooth. Setae pp absent. Relative length of gnathosomal setae (dgs: vgs): 1: 0.7. Idiosoma, dorsal plates and stigmata (Figs. 5C and 6–9): idiosoma 172 (159–172) long (~ 1.9x WI), 95 (95–103) wide at level of c2 (0.6x LI). PrS 54 (48–56) long (~ 0.3x LI), 62 (60–65) wide (~ 0.6x WI) at stigmata level, hoodlike, covering gnathosoma, with convex posterior margin, reticulated. Prodorsomedial apodeme absent. Stigmata openings located closely anterior to scapular setae sc1, on inconspicuous projections anterolaterally. Tracheal tubes hardly discernible. Postatrial sacs absent or not visible. Tergite C 44 (40–48) long (~ 0.3x LI), 95 (95–103) wide at level of c2, with concave posterior edge, reticulated, covered by roulade-shaped cerotegument. D 65 (62–68) long (~ 0.4x LI), 75 (73–78) wide at level of d (~ 0.8x WI), with distinctly convex posterior margin. EF 20 (18–20) long (~ 0.1x LI), 50 (48–50) wide at level of e (~ 0.5x WI), with slightly convex posterior edge. H 10 long (~ 0.07x LI), 25 (23–25) wide at level of h (~ 0.2x WI), with convex margin. PrS and C covered medially with reticulate turtle-shell-like ornamentation. Dorsal setae, pits and cupules (Figs. 5D, 6, 7 and 10): All dorsal setae coarsely barbed, except for bothridial setae sc1. v1 72 (64–72) (~ 3.5x DBB v1); sensilli sc1 16 (13–16) (~ 0.5x DBB sc1), capitate with tiny spines; sc2 102 (94–102) (~ 2x DBB sc2), inserted anterolaterally to sc1; c1 85 (80–85) (~ 1.4x DBB c1), inserted closely to margin of tergite D; c2 64 (64–70) (~ 1x DBB c2); d 106 (105–110) (~ 2.5x DBB d); e 74 (74–86) (~ 2.5x DBB e); f 31 (29–34) (~ 3x DBB f); h 24 (23–26) (~ 1.2x DBB h). Relative length of dorsal setae (mean values— v1: sc1: sc2: c1: c2: d: e: f: h): 1: 0.2: 1.4: 1.2: 0.9: 1.5: 1: 0.5: 0.4. Distance between dorsal setae: v1–v1 20 (20–21); sc1– sc1 30 (29–30); sc2–sc2 50 (50–52); v1 –sc2 22 (20–22); c1–c1 60; c2–c2 65 (62–65); c1–c2 18 (16–19); d–d 40 (38–42); e–e 30 (28–32); f–f 10 (10–12); e–f 13 (12–14); h–h 20 (18–20). Relative distances between setae bases (mean values— v1–v1: sc1–sc1: sc2–sc2: v1 –sc2: c1–c1: c2–c2: c1–c2: d–d: e–e: f–f: e–f: h–h): 1: 1.5: 2.5: 1.1: 3: 3.4: 0.9: 2: 1.5: 0.5: 0.6: 1. Pits v2 located nearly in oblique line between setae sc2 and v1 on either side, nearly anteriad of sc1. Diameter and position of cupules: ia 4 anterolaterally to setae d; im 3 anterolaterally to setae e; ih difficult to discern. Ventral plates (Figs. 11–14): PrP 40 (38–41) long (~ 0.25x LI), 72 (70–72) wide at level of sejugal apodeme (~ 0.8x WI), anterior edge between apodemes 1 distinctly concave, lateral ridges between trochanters I and II convex. MtP 47 (46–47) long (~ 0.4x LI), 90 wide at level of setae 3a (~ 1x WI), anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin undulate between trochanters III and IV. Lateral extensions of metapodosomal ventral plate extend over tergites D and EF laterally. Tegula 3 long (~ 0.02x LI), 18 (16–18) wide (~ 0.2x WI), margin convex. Ag 40 (38–40) long (~ 0.25x LI), without setae. Ps 9 long (~ 0.6x LI), 16 wide at level of setae ps (~ 0.2x WI), posterior margin slightly concave. Ventral extensions of coxisternal plates IV slightly overlapped medially behind tegula. Ventral setae and coxal pits (Fig. 11): setae 1a 8 (7–8) (~ 0.8x DBB 1a), setiform, smooth, near posteromedial margin of apodemes 1; 2a 8 (8–10) (~ 0.3x DBB 2a), setiform, smooth, near posteromedial margin of apodemes 2; 3a 7 (6–7) (~ 0.5x DBB 3a), setiform, smooth, near bifurcation of poststernal apodeme; 3b 8 (7–9) (~ 0.3x DBB 3b), setiform, near posterior margin of apodemes 4; ps 14 (12–14) (~ 0.9x DBB ps), setiform, serrate. Relative length of ventral setae (1a: 2a: 3a: 3b: ps): 1: 1.0: 0.9: 1.0: 1.9. Distance between ventral setae: 1a–1a 10 (9–10); 2a–2a 23 (22–24); 3a–3a 13 (13–14); 3b–3b 25 (24–26); ps–ps 16 (16–17). Relative distance of ventral setae bases (mean values— 1a–1a: 2a–2a: 3a–3a: 3b–3b: ps–ps): 1: 2.3: 1.3: 2.5: 1.6. Coxal pits: 1b located well laterad of setae 1a; 2b located well laterad of setae 2a. Ventral apodemes (Figs. 11–14): Apodemes 1 well defined, joined with anterior end of prosternal apodeme. Apodemes 2 not joined to prosternal apodeme. Prosternal apodeme well defined, extending from junction with apodeme 1 to sejugal apodeme. Sejugal apodeme well defined, uninterrupted. Apodemes 3 extending diagonally from proximity of base of seta 3a to (but not laterally beyond) anterior margin of trochanters III, with a median bent. Apodemes 4 extending diagonally, from posterior third of poststernal apodeme nearly to base of seta 3b. Poststernal apodeme bifurcated anteriorly. Legs (Figs. 15–16): length (measured from trochanter to tarsus): leg I 45 (45–49) (~ 0.3x LI); leg II 49 (43–49) (~ 0.3x LI); leg III 86 (80–86) (~ 0.5x LI); leg IV 28 (27–28) (~ 0.2x LI). Relative lengths of legs (mean values— I:II:III:IV): 1: 1.0: 2.0: 0.5. Free leg segments: leg I: femur I 14 (13–14) long (~ 0.3x LLI), 10 (9–10) wide (~ 0.6x LFeI); genu I 8 (8–9) long (~ 0.2x LLI), 8 (7–8) wide (~ 1.0 x LGeI); tibiotarsus I 15 (15–17) long (~ 0.3x LLI), 5 wide (0.3x LTbTaI). Leg II: femur II 12 (12–14) long (~ 0.25x LLII), 11 (11–13) wide (~ 1.0x LFeII), with a small concavity; genu II 7 (7–8) long (~ 0.2x LLII), 8 (8–9) wide (~ 1.1x LGeII); tibia II 7 (7–8) long (~ 0.2x LLII), 6 (6– 7) wide (~ 1.0x LTbII); tarsus II 7 long (~ 0.2x LLII), 5 (5–6) wide (~ 0.8x LTaII). Leg III: femorogenu III 16 (16– 18) long (~ 0.2x LLIII), 6 (6–8) wide (~ 0.4x LFeGeIII); tibia III 17 (16–18) long (~ 0.2x LLIII), 6 (6–7) wide (~ 0.3x LTbIII); tarsus III 10 (10–12) long (~ 0.1x LLIII), 4 (4–6) wide (~ 0.4x LTaIII). Leg IV: femorogenu IV 15 (15–16) long (~ 0.5x LLIV), 3 wide (~ 0.2x LFeGeIV); tibiotarsus IV 8 (8–9) long (~ 0.3x LLIV), 3 wide (~ 0.3x LTbTaIV). Trochanters IV separated by interval of ~ 3x their widths. Ambulacra of legs I-III: ambulacrum I with minute empodial pad bearing one short claw curved distally; ambulacra II-III with empodial pads and two symmetrically paired claws. Leg chaetotaxy (Figs. 15–16): Number of setae (solenidia in parentheses) on femur, genu, tibia and tarsus, respectively: leg I: 3–4–6(1 φ)+7(1 ω); leg II: 3–3–4–4(1 ω); leg III: 1+1–4–4; leg IV:1+1–1+1. Setae present on each leg segment: Leg I: femur I: d 6 (5–6) (~ 0.5x LFeI) serrate, l' 8 (8–9) (~ 0.6x LFeI) smooth, v" 6 (~ 0.5x LFeI) smooth; genu I: l' 9 (8–9) (~ 1.0x LGeI) serrate, l" 6 (5–6) (~ 0.7x LGeI) serrate, v' 5 (4–5) (~ 0.6x LGeI) smooth, v" 7 (7–8) (~ 0.9x LGeI) smooth; tibiotarsus I: (setae): d 28 (28–31) (~ 1.9x LTbTaI) serrate, l' 17 (17–19) (~ 1.1x LTbTaI) serrate, l" 12 (12–13) (~ 0.8x LTbTaI) serrate, v' 13 (13–14) (~ 0.9x LTbTaI) serrate, v" 16 (16–17) (~ 1.1x LTbTaI) serrate, k 5 (~ 0.3x LTbTaI), pv' 6 (~ 0.3x LTbTaI) smooth, pv" 8 (8–9) (~ 0.6x LTbTaI) smooth, s 2 (~ 0.1x LTbTaI) spine-like, (eupathidia): p' 11 (~ 0.7x LTbTaI), p" 17 (~ 1.1x LTbTaI), tc' 16 (16–17) (~ 1.1x LTbTaI), tc" 18 (17–18) (~ 1.2x LTbTaI), (solenidia): cluster incomplete, inserted at same level: solenidion φ1 3 (~ 0.2x LTbTaI) slender and clavate; solenidion ω 7 (6–7) (~ 0.4x LTbTaI), fusiform. Leg II: femur II: d 6 (5–6) (~ 0.5x LFeII) serrate, l' 7 (7–8) (~ 0.5x LFeII) smooth, v" 14 (13–15) (~ 1.2x LFeII) smooth; genu II: l' 13 (12–13) (~ 1.9x LGeII) serrate, l" 6 (6–7) (~ 1.0x LGeII) serrate, v' 15 (14–15) (~ 2.1x LGeII) serrate; tibia II: d 13 (12–13) (~ 1.9x LTbII) serrate, l' 13 (13–14) (~ 1.9x LTbII) serrate, v' 14 (~ 2.0x LTbII) serrate, v" 14 (14–16) (~ 2.0x LTbII) serrate; tarsus II: tc' 10 (9–10) (~ 1.2x LTaII) smooth, tc" 9 (~ 1.1x LTaII) serrate, pv' 14 (13–14) (~ 2.0x LTaII) serrate, u' 3 (~ 0.4x LTaII) spine-like, (solenidia): solenidion ω 6 (~ 0.4x LTaII) proximally inserted, stout, fusiform. Leg III: femorogenu III: v' F 7 (~ 0.4x LFeGeIII) smooth, l' G 10 (9–10) (~ 0.6x LFeGeIII) smooth; tibia III: d 10 (9–10) (~ 0.6x LTbIII) smooth, l' 14 (14–15) (~ 0.8x LTbIII) serrate, v' 9 (9–10) (~ 0.5x LTbIII) serrate, v" 9 (9–10) (~ 0.5x LTbIII) smooth; tarsus III: tc' 13 (12–13) (~ 1.3x LTaIII) serrate, tc" 18 (18–20) (~ 1.8x LTaIII) serrate, pv' 12 (11–12) (~ 1.2x LTaIII) smooth, u' 3 (~ 0.2x LTaIII) spine-like. Leg IV: femorogenu IV: v' F 8 (7–9) (~ 0.5x LFeGeIV) smooth, v' G 9 (9–11) (~ 0.6x LFeGeIV) smooth; tibiotarsus IV: v' Ti 22 (21–24) (~ 2.9x LTbTaIV) falcate, tc" 35 (32–37) (~ 3.5x LTbTaIV) smooth. Male and Larva: unknown. Type material: holotype and 19 paratypes on Psychotira sp. (Rubiaceae), four paratypes on Bignoniaceae sp. and one paratype on Annonaceae sp., 58°14ʹW 9°51ʹS, Cotriguaçú, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, 01/II/2015, A. C. Lofego, F. S. R. Amaral & J. M. Rezende. Holotype and 15 paratypes deposited at DZSJRP; 10 paratypes deposited at USNM. Remarks. Females of Ceratotarsonemus amazonicus sp. nov. are most similar to those of Ceratotarsonemus alas Ochoa & Vargas in having tergite C with reticulation forming a broad inverted U-shape, the reticula wider than long, identical lengths of dorsal setae sc1 and f, and the sejugal apodeme well defined along its whole extension. Female C. amazonicus, sp. nov. are distinguished by the length of their dorsal setae c2 and e (~ 30% longer than female C. alas, for both pairs of setae) and by the number of reticula rows on tergite C (four rows observed in C. amazonicus sp. nov. whereas just two in C. alas). Etymology. The species is named amazonicus indicating the biome where the species has been found.

Ceratotarsonemus absurdus (Suski) (Fig. 2) Daidalotarsonemus absurdus Suski 1971: 55. Ceratotarsonemus absurdus; Lindquist 1986: 315; Ochoa et al. 1997: 177; Lin & Zhang 2002: 48. Diagnosis. Female: Pharyngeal pump about 1/3 gnathosomal width. Palpal length about �� gnathosomal length. Prodorsum without reticulation. Tergite C without reticulation, with median furrow posteriorly. Dorsal setae v1, sc2, c1, c2 and h coarsely barbed; d and f broadly leaf-shaped, with rounded apex; setae e broadly leaf-shaped, with pointed apex. Vertical setae v1 distinctly shorter than (about 1/3 length) scapular setae sc2 on prodorsum. Setae c1 slightly shorter than c2 on tergite C. Ventral surface of propodosoma with prosternal apodeme incomplete, extending from apodemes 1 to apodemes 2, and becoming diffuse to sejugal apodeme level. Type deposition. Holotype deposited at ZMPAS. Distribution. Forest Reservation of Angavokely, Madagascar., Published as part of Rezende, Jos�� Marcos, Lofego, Antonio Carlos, Gulbronson, Connor, Bauchan, Gary & Ochoa, Ronald, 2018, Review of the genus Ceratotarsonemus De Leon, 1956 (Acari: Prostigmata: Tarsonemidae), with description of a new species from the Amazon Forest, pp. 271-294 in Zootaxa 4483 (2) on page 274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/1437673, {"references":["Suski, Z. W. (1971) Certain mites of the family Tarsonemidae (Acarina, Heterostigmata) from Madagascar. Bulletin de L'Academie Polonaise des Sciences, 19 (1), 55 - 60.","Lindquist, E. E. (1986) The world genera of Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmata): a morphological, phylogenetic and systematic revision, with classification of family-group taxa in the Heterostigmata. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 136, 1 - 517. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 118136 fv","Ochoa, R., Vargas, C., Walter, D. E. & OConnor, B. M. (1997) Two new species of the genus Ceratotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae). International Journal of Acarology, 23 (3), 177 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647959708683560","Lin, J. & Zhang, Z. Q. (2002) Tarsonemidae of the world: Key to genera, geographical distribution, systematic catalogue & annotated bibliography. Systematic and Applied Acarology Society, London, 440 pp."]}

Genus Ceratotarsonemus De Leon, 1956 Type species: Ceratotarsonemus scitus De Leon, 1956 Diagnosis. see Lindquist, 1986, p. 312-315 and Ochoa et al., p. 178. Differential diagnosis. According to Ochoa et al. (1995), the adult females of Ceratotarsonemus, Daidalotarsonemus and Excelsotarsonemus are similar mainly by having some dorsal idiosomal setae enlarged (either greatly elongated and barbed, or thickened and lanceolate). Lindquist (1986) stated that both sexes of Ceratotarsonemus are distinctive in having setae c2 coarsely barbed and at least moderately elongated, in retaining only one genual setae on leg III, and consistently lacking tibial solenidion ��2 on leg I. In Daidalotarsonemus and Excelsotarsonemus females the setae c 2 may be either slender or leaf-shaped, 2-3 setae are present on genu III, and tibial solenidion ��2 is present on leg I., Published as part of Rezende, Jos�� Marcos, Lofego, Antonio Carlos, Gulbronson, Connor, Bauchan, Gary & Ochoa, Ronald, 2018, Review of the genus Ceratotarsonemus De Leon, 1956 (Acari: Prostigmata: Tarsonemidae), with description of a new species from the Amazon Forest, pp. 271-294 in Zootaxa 4483 (2) on pages 273-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/1437673, {"references":["De Leon, D. (1956) Some mites from lychee: descriptions of two new genera and five new species of Tarsonemidae. The Florida Entomologist, 39 (4), 163 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3492593","Lindquist, E. E. (1986) The world genera of Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmata): a morphological, phylogenetic and systematic revision, with classification of family-group taxa in the Heterostigmata. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 136, 1 - 517. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 118136 fv","Ochoa, R., Naskrecki, P. & Colwell, R. K. (1995) Excelsotarsonemus kaliszewskii, a new genus and new species from Costa Rica (Acari: Tarsonemidae). International Journal of Acarology, 21 (2), 67 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647959508684045"]}

Ceratotarsonemus scitus De Leon (Fig. 18) Ceratotarsonemus scitus De Leon 1956: 167; Lindquist 1986: 315; Ochoa et al. 1997: 177; Lin & Zhang 2002: 49. Diagnosis. Female: Pharyngeal pump about 1/3 gnathosomal width. Palpal length about 1/3 gnathosomal length. Prodorsum without reticulation. Tergite C with inverted U-shaped reticulation dorsally, which has four rows of reticula. All dorsal setae coarsely barbed, except for bothridial setae sc1. Vertical setae v1 about ½ length scapular setae sc2 on prodorsum. Setae c1 distinctly longer than c2 on tergite C. Setae d distinctly shorter than e. Ventral surface of propodosoma with prosternal apodeme complete, extending from apodemes 1 to sejugal apodeme. Type deposition. Holotype, allotype and 12 paratypes deposited at USNM. Distribution. U.S. Plant Introduction Garden, Florida State, USA., Published as part of Rezende, José Marcos, Lofego, Antonio Carlos, Gulbronson, Connor, Bauchan, Gary & Ochoa, Ronald, 2018, Review of the genus Ceratotarsonemus De Leon, 1956 (Acari: Prostigmata: Tarsonemidae), with description of a new species from the Amazon Forest, pp. 271-294 in Zootaxa 4483 (2) on pages 288-289, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/1437673, {"references":["De Leon, D. (1956) Some mites from lychee: descriptions of two new genera and five new species of Tarsonemidae. The Florida Entomologist, 39 (4), 163 - 174. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3492593","Lindquist, E. E. (1986) The world genera of Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmata): a morphological, phylogenetic and systematic revision, with classification of family-group taxa in the Heterostigmata. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 136, 1 - 517. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / entm 118136 fv","Ochoa, R., Vargas, C., Walter, D. E. & OConnor, B. M. (1997) Two new species of the genus Ceratotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae). International Journal of Acarology, 23 (3), 177 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647959708683560","Lin, J. & Zhang, Z. Q. (2002) Tarsonemidae of the world: Key to genera, geographical distribution, systematic catalogue & annotated bibliography. Systematic and Applied Acarology Society, London, 440 pp."]}

Ceratotarsonemus hexagonalis Ochoa & Walter (Fig. 17) Ceratotarsonemus hexagonalis Ochoa et al. 1997: 180; Lin & Zhang 2002: 49. Diagnosis. Female: Pharyngeal pump about 1/3 gnathosomal width. Palpal length about 1/3 gnathosomal length. Prodorsum with hexagonal reticulation medially. Tergite C with four rows of hexagonal reticula dorsally, uniformly distributed along the plate. All dorsal setae coarsely barbed, except for bothridial setae sc1. Vertical setae v1 about �� length scapular setae sc2 on prodorsum. Setae c1 about as long as c2 on tergite C. Ventral surface of propodosoma with prosternal apodeme complete, extending from apodemes 1 to sejugal apodeme. Type deposition. Holotype and two paratypes deposited at UQIC; one paratype deposited at MZUM. Distribution. Queensland, Australia., Published as part of Rezende, Jos�� Marcos, Lofego, Antonio Carlos, Gulbronson, Connor, Bauchan, Gary & Ochoa, Ronald, 2018, Review of the genus Ceratotarsonemus De Leon, 1956 (Acari: Prostigmata: Tarsonemidae), with description of a new species from the Amazon Forest, pp. 271-294 in Zootaxa 4483 (2) on page 288, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4483.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/1437673, {"references":["Ochoa, R., Vargas, C., Walter, D. E. & OConnor, B. M. (1997) Two new species of the genus Ceratotarsonemus (Acari: Tarsonemidae). International Journal of Acarology, 23 (3), 177 - 183. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01647959708683560","Lin, J. & Zhang, Z. Q. (2002) Tarsonemidae of the world: Key to genera, geographical distribution, systematic catalogue & annotated bibliography. Systematic and Applied Acarology Society, London, 440 pp."]}

Neocarus coronatus Ara��jo & Feres n. sp. (FigS. 2A ��� 12D) Material examined. Holotype ♀ (DZSJRP10707), Brazil, Bahia, S��o DeSid��rio, Gruta do Sumidouro do Jo��o Baio, S12��22���27.6��� W44��53���31.7���, col. Bichuette, M.E., Gall��o, J.E., Monteiro-Neto, D., 2.XI.2011, collected by hand, deposited in DZSJRP; paratype ♂ (DZSJRP10706), same data as holotype; paratype ♂ (DZSJRP10709), Brazil, Bahia, S��o DeSid��rio, Gruta do Cat��o (twilight zone), S12��22���07.0��� W44��52���03.2���, col. Bichuette, M.E., Gall��o, J.E., Fernandes, C.S., Pedroso, D.R., 30.X.2011, manual collection; paratype ♂ (DZSJRP10710), paratype ♂ (DZSJRP10711), paratype ♂ (DZSJRP10712), paratype ♂ (DZSJRP10713), same data; paratype ♀ (DZSJRP10714), Brazil, Bahia, S��o DeSid��rio, epigean habitatS cloSe to Gruta do Cat��o cave, S12��22���07.0��� W44��52���03.2���, col. Bichuette, M.E., Gall��o, J.E., Fernandes, C.S., 3.XI.2012, manual collection; paratype ♂ (DZSJRP10715), paratype ♀ (DZSJRP10717), Same data. Etymology. From the Latin word ���corona���, meaning crown, referring to the denSity and poSition of anterior prodorSal Shield Setae in adultS. Diagnosis. AdultS: anterior dorSal Shield with higher Setal denSity (greater on male) than the reSt of dorSal Shield, palpal tibiotarSuS with 4 d and 22���27 (female) and 18���25 (male) ch Setae; cheliceral movable digit ventral denticle triforked. Male: anterior dorSal Shield with a prominent triangular projection. Female: ovipoSitor with 3 pairS of Smooth digitiform projectionS and 6���8 eugenital Setae. Remarks. Opilioacaridae genera are often identified by a combination of characterS, mainly uSing palp, pregenital and genital Setae, while the ovipoSitor Shape iS uSually conSidered a SpecieS Specific character. Description. BaSed on female (N= 3) and male (N=7). IDIOSOMA. Coloration dark blue with violet StripeS on both body (Fig. 2A) and legS; SometimeS with a browniSh background reSulting from ingeSted food. DiStinct Segmentation; integument coniculate. DorSal idioSomal SegmentS between prodorSal Shield and preanal SegmentS without Setae, but with numerouS lyrifiSSureS arranged in tranSverSe rowS. Prodorsal shield. DorSal Shield with prominent triangular area anteriorly bearing denSe patch of 28���43 (male) or 6���7 (female) Setae (FigS. 3A, B); 2 pairS of dorSolateral eyeS; 2 pairS of prodorSal lyrifiSSureS (Fig. 3A, B), one cloSe to the apical part (Fig. 7B) and other Smaller cloSe to firSt pair of eyeS (Fig. 12A); 114���117 (female), 125���168 (male) Stout ribbed Setae (Fig. 3A���B, 7C). Preanal region. XVII dorSal Segment without Setae; ventral XVII Segment without Setae; preanal Segment with a Single dorSal Seta and one pair of lateroventral Setae. Anal valves. Each with 7���10 (female) or 7���11 (male) Stout ribbed Setae (Fig. 5E���F, 7E). Tritosternum. Each digitiform Structure with 2 pairS of Setae, 1 Small at tip and 1 long, barbed Setae poSitioned more baSally (Fig. 9E). Sternal verrucae. Each with a longer ribbed tapering Seta (st1) and 2���3 acute ribbed Setae; Surrounded by a narrow lyrifiSSure. Sternal region. With a pair of ventral and lateroventral lyrifiSSureS. Female (Fig. 5B, 9F) and male (Fig. 5A) st2 and st3 ribbed tapering; and 4���5 pairS of Stout ribbed Setae. Sternal region without papilliform (p) Setae. Pregenital area. Female without Setae. Male with 1���7 Stout ribbed Setae (Fig. 10C). Pregenital capsules. Female with 3���4 Stout ribbed Setae and a (st5) tapering ribbed Seta; male with 2���5 Stout ribbed Setae and a (st5) tapering ribbed Seta. Genital area. Female without Setae (Fig 5B). Male genital area trapezoid with 5���15 acute Smooth Setae (Fig. 5A, 10D). Ovipositor. With 6 eugenital Setae (Fig. 5D, 10F) conSiSting of tube Shape Structure; Slightly Striated; 4 pairS of digitiform Smooth projectionS (Fig. 5D, 10E); 6 Small canalS; without terminal Setae; gland-like StructureS abSent; without acceSSory glandS. Male glands. 2 pairS of glandS, one larger and one Smaller, bearing reel-like StructureS (Fig. 5C, 12D). GNATHOSOMA. Chelicera. BaSal Segment with 1 Seta (cht 1) and denticulate paraXial Surface. FiXed digit with 3 dorSal Setae (ch 1 , ch 2 , ch 3); id and i�� lyrifiSSureS;; well-developed hook; ogc preSent, 1 ventral denticle triforked; (Fig. 3E���F). Subcapitulum. All paralabial Setae preSent (Fig. 3C���D, 8A); pl1 conical, obtuSe, inSerted between cb 3 and cb 4; pl2 (With'S organ) diScoid, marginally barbed (Fig. 8A���B); pl3 (rutella) inSerted dorSolaterally, with diStinct row of 5 teeth; pl4 tiny, conical, inSerted dorSally near baSe of pl3; all 4 pairS of circumbuccal Setae (cb) with bifurcated tip; cb 4 equal Size of other cb Setae; female with 3 rounded tip Setae; 7���9 pairS of pointed Setae (vm, lvm, vp, lvp) and 1 ldm Seta. Male with 1 rounded tip Seta; 6���9 pairS of pointed Setae (vm, lvm, vp, lvp) and 1 ldm Seta. Lateral lipS with diStinct canalS (dl1, dl2) and their orificeS (ogl1, ogl2). Palps. Female. Trochanter with 5���7 r Setae. Femur with 13���16 r, 9���10 p Setae. Spike-like Setae abSent. Genu with 33���35 r, 3���5 p Setae. Tibia with Subequal Setae, 70 r, 3 s (Fig. 4B, 8F). TarSuS (Fig. 4A) with i�� and i�� lyrifiSSureS, 4 foliate, Stout pointed d Setae (Fig. 9C), 4 v1 (Fig. 9B), 4���5 v2 (Fig. 9D), 3 s, 12 sm, 22���27 ch Setae (Fig. 9B); v3 abSent (Fig. 9B). Apotele diStal, ventral margin Smooth (Fig. 9D). Male. Trochanter with 5���7 r Setae. Femur with 12���19 r, 6���10 p Setae; Spike-like Setae abSent. Genu with 30���41 r, 2���5 p Setae. Tibia with 59���76 r Subequal length, 3 s Setae. TarSuS (Fig. 4C) with ia and i�� lyrifiSSureS, 4 foliate, Stout pointed d Setae, 3 s, 4���5 v1, 4 v 2, 10���11 sm1; 18���25 ch Setae; v3, sm3 abSent. Apotele diStal and ventral margin Smooth. LEGS. LegS thin. Papilliform Setae preSent, aS broad aS long. Legs I. Longer than otherS. Tibia I diStal long Setae abSent. BaSitarSuS I proXimal long Setae abSent. TelotarSuS with a highly modified group of dorSal diStal Setae in a depreSSion (Fig. 6C, 11B); ��1 acicular, ��2 ligulate, ��3 Subulate acuminate, ��4 conical; ��1 Small with crownlike tip inSerted cloSe to SenSilla group (Fig. 6C, 11D) and a ��2 filiform with bifid tip (Fig. 6C, 11E). Legs II. AcrotarSuS II with bifid Setae longer than wide; a long Smooth dorSal Seta and ��a Solenidion (Fig. 6D). Legs IV. Tibia IV without coronidia. Legs I���IV. All other leg SegmentS with 3 typeS of Setae arranged in diStal to baSal lineS: 1) tapering and barbed, 2) papilliform and 3) Smooth Setae. Legs II���IV. BaSitarSuS II���IV with coronidia; diStal Soledinion ��d, often partially Sunk. AcrotarSuS II���IV with 3 ventral Setae pairS v, 3 lateral Setae pairS l/dl, a pair of long Serrated dorSolateral Seta, a pair of diStal lightly bifid Setae lv. PretarSi II���IV with 1 pair of well-developed SeSSile clawS and 2 pairS of Setae, 1 Setal pair long and curved, other pair Smaller and apically pectinate (Fig. 6E, 11F). Legs III-IV. AcrotarSi III���IV with long dorSal Serrated Setae. Measurements. Female. Idiosoma: length 1880���2328; width at level of ocelli 445���828, palp: trochanter 107���237, femur 132���243, genu 146���242, tibiotarSuS 104���291; chelicera length: baSal Segment 219���238, fiXed digit 276���276; leg I: trochanter 474���512, baSifemur 68���116, telofemur 1153���1239, genu 952���1017, baSitibia 783��� 852, telotibia 552���598, baSitarSuS 453���513, telotarSuS 428���473; leg II: trochanter 235���262, femur 678���713, genu 345���372, tibia 371���418, baSitarSuS 470���486, telotarSuS 330���382, acrotarSuS 80���102; leg III: baSitrochanter 192��� 296, telotrochanter 188���317, femur 496���805, genu 331���479, tibia 377���626, baSitarSuS 414���622, telotarSuS 363��� 480, acrotarSuS 81���102; leg IV: baSitrochanter 305���341, telotrochanter 294���332, femur 817���852, genu 440���524, tibia 583���642, baSitarSuS 607���645, telotarSuS 430���494, acrotarSuS 100���106. Male. Idiosoma: length 1429���2015, ocelli: width 366���401, palp: trochanter 80���258, femur 145���198, genu 129���226, tibiotarSuS 93���272; chelicera: baSal 178���230, median 202���245; leg I: trochanter 384���495, baSifemur 67���146, telofemur 978���1109, genu 795��� 905, baSitibia 569���787, telotibia 520���602, baSitarSuS 419���430, telotarSuS 386���409; leg II: trochanter 184���184, femur 526���526, genu 281���281, tibia 302���302, baSitarSuS 378���378, telotarSuS 323���323, acrotarSuS 73���73; leg III: baSitrochanter 163���215, telotrochanter 124���236, femur 453���693, genu 294���345, tibia 331���568, baSitarSuS 379��� 476, telotarSuS 349���456, acrotarSuS 56���78; leg IV: baSitrochanter 296���326, telotrochanter 254���359, femur 731��� 880, genu 409���593, tibia 509���651, baSitarSuS 464���649, telotarSuS 409���497, acrotarSuS 70���139., Published as part of Ara��jo, Marcel Santos De, Bichuette, Maria Elina, Bauchan, Gary R., Ochoa, Ronald & Feres, Reinaldo Jos�� Fazzio, 2018, A new species of cave dwelling Neocarus (Acari: Opilioacaridae) from Bahia state, Brazil, with remarks on taxonomic characters, pp. 303-322 in Zootaxa 4402 (2) on pages 306-308, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4402.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/1208926

Neocarus coronatus Araújo & Feres n. sp. (FigS. 2A – 12D) Material examined. Holotype ♀ (DZSJRP10707), Brazil, Bahia, São DeSidério, Gruta do Sumidouro do João Baio, S12°22’27.6” W44°53’31.7”, col. Bichuette, M.E., Gallão, J.E., Monteiro-Neto, D., 2.XI.2011, collected by hand, deposited in DZSJRP; paratype ♂ (DZSJRP10706), same data as holotype; paratype ♂ (DZSJRP10709), Brazil, Bahia, São DeSidério, Gruta do Catão (twilight zone), S12°22’07.0” W44°52’03.2”, col. Bichuette, M.E., Gallão, J.E., Fernandes, C.S., Pedroso, D.R., 30.X.2011, manual collection; paratype ♂ (DZSJRP10710), paratype ♂ (DZSJRP10711), paratype ♂ (DZSJRP10712), paratype ♂ (DZSJRP10713), same data; paratype ♀ (DZSJRP10714), Brazil, Bahia, São DeSidério, epigean habitatS cloSe to Gruta do Catão cave, S12°22’07.0” W44°52’03.2”, col. Bichuette, M.E., Gallão, J.E., Fernandes, C.S., 3.XI.2012, manual collection; paratype ♂ (DZSJRP10715), paratype ♀ (DZSJRP10717), Same data. Etymology. From the Latin word “corona”, meaning crown, referring to the denSity and poSition of anterior prodorSal Shield Setae in adultS. Diagnosis. AdultS: anterior dorSal Shield with higher Setal denSity (greater on male) than the reSt of dorSal Shield, palpal tibiotarSuS with 4 d and 22–27 (female) and 18–25 (male) ch Setae; cheliceral movable digit ventral denticle triforked. Male: anterior dorSal Shield with a prominent triangular projection. Female: ovipoSitor with 3 pairS of Smooth digitiform projectionS and 6–8 eugenital Setae. Remarks. Opilioacaridae genera are often identified by a combination of characterS, mainly uSing palp, pregenital and genital Setae, while the ovipoSitor Shape iS uSually conSidered a SpecieS Specific character. Description. BaSed on female (N= 3) and male (N=7). IDIOSOMA. Coloration dark blue with violet StripeS on both body (Fig. 2A) and legS; SometimeS with a browniSh background reSulting from ingeSted food. DiStinct Segmentation; integument coniculate. DorSal idioSomal SegmentS between prodorSal Shield and preanal SegmentS without Setae, but with numerouS lyrifiSSureS arranged in tranSverSe rowS. Prodorsal shield. DorSal Shield with prominent triangular area anteriorly bearing denSe patch of 28–43 (male) or 6–7 (female) Setae (FigS. 3A, B); 2 pairS of dorSolateral eyeS; 2 pairS of prodorSal lyrifiSSureS (Fig. 3A, B), one cloSe to the apical part (Fig. 7B) and other Smaller cloSe to firSt pair of eyeS (Fig. 12A); 114–117 (female), 125–168 (male) Stout ribbed Setae (Fig. 3A–B, 7C). Preanal region. XVII dorSal Segment without Setae; ventral XVII Segment without Setae; preanal Segment with a Single dorSal Seta and one pair of lateroventral Setae. Anal valves. Each with 7–10 (female) or 7–11 (male) Stout ribbed Setae (Fig. 5E–F, 7E). Tritosternum. Each digitiform Structure with 2 pairS of Setae, 1 Small at tip and 1 long, barbed Setae poSitioned more baSally (Fig. 9E). Sternal verrucae. Each with a longer ribbed tapering Seta (st1) and 2–3 acute ribbed Setae; Surrounded by a narrow lyrifiSSure. Sternal region. With a pair of ventral and lateroventral lyrifiSSureS. Female (Fig. 5B, 9F) and male (Fig. 5A) st2 and st3 ribbed tapering; and 4–5 pairS of Stout ribbed Setae. Sternal region without papilliform (p) Setae. Pregenital area. Female without Setae. Male with 1–7 Stout ribbed Setae (Fig. 10C). Pregenital capsules. Female with 3–4 Stout ribbed Setae and a (st5) tapering ribbed Seta; male with 2–5 Stout ribbed Setae and a (st5) tapering ribbed Seta. Genital area. Female without Setae (Fig 5B). Male genital area trapezoid with 5–15 acute Smooth Setae (Fig. 5A, 10D). Ovipositor. With 6 eugenital Setae (Fig. 5D, 10F) conSiSting of tube Shape Structure; Slightly Striated; 4 pairS of digitiform Smooth projectionS (Fig. 5D, 10E); 6 Small canalS; without terminal Setae; gland-like StructureS abSent; without acceSSory glandS. Male glands. 2 pairS of glandS, one larger and one Smaller, bearing reel-like StructureS (Fig. 5C, 12D). GNATHOSOMA. Chelicera. BaSal Segment with 1 Seta (cht 1) and denticulate paraXial Surface. FiXed digit with 3 dorSal Setae (ch 1 , ch 2 , ch 3); id and iα lyrifiSSureS;; well-developed hook; ogc preSent, 1 ventral denticle triforked; (Fig. 3E–F). Subcapitulum. All paralabial Setae preSent (Fig. 3C–D, 8A); pl1 conical, obtuSe, inSerted between cb 3 and cb 4; pl2 (With'S organ) diScoid, marginally barbed (Fig. 8A–B); pl3 (rutella) inSerted dorSolaterally, with diStinct row of 5 teeth; pl4 tiny, conical, inSerted dorSally near baSe of pl3; all 4 pairS of circumbuccal Setae (cb) with bifurcated tip; cb 4 equal Size of other cb Setae; female with 3 rounded tip Setae; 7–9 pairS of pointed Setae (vm, lvm, vp, lvp) and 1 ldm Seta. Male with 1 rounded tip Seta; 6–9 pairS of pointed Setae (vm, lvm, vp, lvp) and 1 ldm Seta. Lateral lipS with diStinct canalS (dl1, dl2) and their orificeS (ogl1, ogl2). Palps. Female. Trochanter with 5–7 r Setae. Femur with 13–16 r, 9–10 p Setae. Spike-like Setae abSent. Genu with 33–35 r, 3–5 p Setae. Tibia with Subequal Setae, 70 r, 3 s (Fig. 4B, 8F). TarSuS (Fig. 4A) with iα and iπ lyrifiSSureS, 4 foliate, Stout pointed d Setae (Fig. 9C), 4 v1 (Fig. 9B), 4–5 v2 (Fig. 9D), 3 s, 12 sm, 22–27 ch Setae (Fig. 9B); v3 abSent (Fig. 9B). Apotele diStal, ventral margin Smooth (Fig. 9D). Male. Trochanter with 5–7 r Setae. Femur with 12–19 r, 6–10 p Setae; Spike-like Setae abSent. Genu with 30–41 r, 2–5 p Setae. Tibia with 59–76 r Subequal length, 3 s Setae. TarSuS (Fig. 4C) with ia and iπ lyrifiSSureS, 4 foliate, Stout pointed d Setae, 3 s, 4–5 v1, 4 v 2, 10–11 sm1; 18–25 ch Setae; v3, sm3 abSent. Apotele diStal and ventral margin Smooth. LEGS. LegS thin. Papilliform Setae preSent, aS broad aS long. Legs I. Longer than otherS. Tibia I diStal long Setae abSent. BaSitarSuS I proXimal long Setae abSent. TelotarSuS with a highly modified group of dorSal diStal Setae in a depreSSion (Fig. 6C, 11B); ω1 acicular, ω2 ligulate, ω3 Subulate acuminate, ω4 conical; ζ1 Small with crownlike tip inSerted cloSe to SenSilla group (Fig. 6C, 11D) and a ζ2 filiform with bifid tip (Fig. 6C, 11E). Legs II. AcrotarSuS II with bifid Setae longer than wide; a long Smooth dorSal Seta and ωa Solenidion (Fig. 6D). Legs IV. Tibia IV without coronidia. Legs I–IV. All other leg SegmentS with 3 typeS of Setae arranged in diStal to baSal lineS: 1) tapering and barbed, 2) papilliform and 3) Smooth Setae. Legs II–IV. BaSitarSuS II–IV with coronidia; diStal Soledinion ωd, often partially Sunk. AcrotarSuS II–IV with 3 ventral Setae pairS v, 3 lateral Setae pairS l/dl, a pair of long Serrated dorSolateral Seta, a pair of diStal lightly bifid Setae lv. PretarSi II–IV with 1 pair of well-developed SeSSile clawS and 2 pairS of Setae, 1 Setal pair long and curved, other pair Smaller and apically pectinate (Fig. 6E, 11F). Legs III-IV. AcrotarSi III–IV with long dorSal Serrated Setae. Measurements. Female. Idiosoma: length 1880–2328; width at level of ocelli 445–828, palp: trochanter 107–237, femur 132–243, genu 146–242, tibiotarSuS 104–291; chelicera length: baSal Segment 219–238, fiXed digit 276–276; leg I: trochanter 474–512, baSifemur 68–116, telofemur 1153–1239, genu 952–1017, baSitibia 783– 852, telotibia 552–598, baSitarSuS 453–513, telotarSuS 428–473; leg II: trochanter 235–262, femur 678–713, genu 345–372, tibia 371–418, baSitarSuS 470–486, telotarSuS 330–382, acrotarSuS 80–102; leg III: baSitrochanter 192– 296, telotrochanter 188–317, femur 496–805, genu 331–479, tibia 377–626, baSitarSuS 414–622, telotarSuS 363– 480, acrotarSuS 81–102; leg IV: baSitrochanter 305–341, telotrochanter 294–332, femur 817–852, genu 440–524, tibia 583–642, baSitarSuS 607–645, telotarSuS 430–494, acrotarSuS 100–106. Male. Idiosoma: length 1429–2015, ocelli: width 366–401, palp: trochanter 80–258, femur 145–198, genu 129–226, tibiotarSuS 93–272; chelicera: baSal 178–230, median 202–245; leg I: trochanter 384–495, baSifemur 67–146, telofemur 978–1109, genu 795– 905, baSitibia 569–787, telotibia 520–602, baSitarSuS 419–430, telotarSuS 386–409; leg II: trochanter 184–184, femur 526–526, genu 281–281, tibia 302–302, baSitarSuS 378–378, telotarSuS 323–323, acrotarSuS 73–73; leg III: baSitrochanter 163–215, telotrochanter 124–236, femur 453–693, genu 294–345, tibia 331–568, baSitarSuS 379– 476, telotarSuS 349–456, acrotarSuS 56–78; leg IV: baSitrochanter 296–326, telotrochanter 254–359, femur 731– 880, genu 409–593, tibia 509–651, baSitarSuS 464–649, telotarSuS 409–497, acrotarSuS 70–139.

The genus Eutrombicula consists of more than 80 known species worldwide. Species of this genus parasitize amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. In the present study, we describe Eutrombicula daemoni n. sp. collected on the social flycatcher, Myiozetetes similis (Passeriformes) from southeast region of Brazil and partial sequence of the 18S gene was obtained for this mite species. In addition, we provide new locality records and hosts for Eutrombicula batatas (L.) in Brazil., Acarologia, 58, 976-986

Tenuipalpu s spinosaurus sp. nov. Castro, Feres & Ochoa (Figs 1–18) Diagnosis. Female: Prodorsal setae v2 short to minute, sc1 obovate to oblanceolate and sc2 falcate, elongate; dorsal opisthosoma with 10 pairs of setae (f2 present); most of the dorsal opisthosomal setae obovate to oblanceolate, except setae d3 and e1 short to minute, and h2 elongate and flagelliform; prodorsum with a pair of oblique converging ridges from sc1 to near the sejugal furrow; opisthosoma bearing a prominent longitudinal crest between setae e1; dorsum with pair lateral projections anterior to setae sc2 and pair lateral projections posterior to setae c3; palps one segmented; two pairs of setae ps; one pair of setae 3a and 4a. Male: unknown. Immatures: deutonymphs and protonymphs with lateral body projections anterior to setae sc2 (lateral body projection associated with setae c3 absent); dorsal setae similar to those of the female except narrower. Larvae with prodorsum and region of opisthosomal posterior to setae d1 – c3 with colliculate integument; setae v2, sc1, c1, d1 and e1 short to minute, with other dorsal setae similar to those of female except narrower. Female (n = 16) (Figs 1–13). Body size measurements: distance between setae v2 - h1 250 (240–255), sc2 - sc2 155 (150–160); other measurements: v2 - v2 30 (30–33), sc1 - sc1 88 (80–88), c1 - c1 48 (38–48), c3 - c3 178 (165– 180), d1 - d1 28 (23–28), d3 - d3 133 (125–133), e1 - e1 30 (28–33), e3 - e3 92 (87–95), f2 - f2 80 (77–83), f3 - f3 65 (62– 68), h1 - h1 35 (32–40), h2 - h2 52 (50–55). Dorsum (Figs 1–6). Anterior margin of prodorsal shield with four narrow conical projections mesally. Prodorsum with one pair of obtuse lateral projections anterior to setae sc2; and opisthosoma with one pair of rounded lateral projections associated with setae c3. Prodorsum with a pair of oblique converging ridges from sc1 to near sejugal furrow. Opisthosoma bearing a prominent longitudinal, semi-circular crest between setae e1; when the mites are mounted on slides the crest is folded flat over the opisthosoma (Figs 1, 2, 3, 6); pair of large circular pores anterolaterad setae e1. Prodorsal setae v2 short to minute; sc1 obovate to oblanceolate and strongly concave like a scoop (Fig. 4 B); sc2 falcate and elongate (Fig. 4 A); opisthosomal setae similar to prodorsal setae sc1 except longer, oblanceolate, and setae d3 and e1 short to minute and h2 flagelliform and elongate. Setal measurements: v2 5 (3–6), sc1 28 (25–30), sc2 61 (60–67), c1 43 (40–47), c3 27 (25–30), d1 34 (33–40), d3 6 (4–6), e1 4 (3–5), e3 43 (43–51), f2 38 (38–45), f3 39 (38–42), h1 27 (24–30), h2 52 (60–105). Venter (Figs 7, 8). Ventral integument with weak transverse striae centrally along midline and finely densely colliculate on lateral region of the prodorsum and opisthosoma; genital region entirely membranous and with transverse striae; anal flaps membranous with weak longitudinal striae. Most ventral setae filiform; coxal setae 1c, 2c and 3b filiform and barbed (1b weakly barbed); coxal setae 4b inserted posteromesad common position, closer to 4a. Setal measurements: 1a 95 (70–105), 1b 10 (10–12), 1c 16 (16–21), 2b 17 (16–21), 2c 22 (25–30), 3a 11 (11–13), 3b 30 (26–30), 4a 75 (65–90), 4b 24 (24–30), ag 20 (17–20), g1 30 (25–30), g2 23 (21–24), ps1 13 (12– 14), ps2 16 (14–16). Gnathosoma (Figs 9, 10, 11). Palps one segmented, elongate and bearing one long, barbed seta d 12 (11–14) and two eupathidia, ul ′ 3 (4–5), ul ′′ 1–2 (1–2) (Fig. 9). Ventral setae m 11 (10–11), barbed (Figs 9, 10); distance between setae m - m 14 (13–16). Tips of cheliceral stylets with a few bluntly rounded lateral projections (Fig. 11). Legs (Figs 12, 13). Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2–1–4–3–5–8(1), II 2–1–4–2–5–8(1), III 1–2–2–1–3–5, IV 1–1–1–0–3–5. Tarsi I–II each with one solenidion ω" 6 (5–6) (for both tarsi I and tarsi II), two eupathidia pζ ′ - pζ" (6–7, 6–7; 6, 6–7 respectively), and with seta ft" short, broadly lanceolate and positioned over the solenidion. Femur I with setae d oblanceolate, l ′ lanceolate, and with two barbed ventral setae. Femur II with d and l' lanceolate, bv" broadly lanceolate to falcate, and one barbed ventral seta. Femur III with seta d obovate. Femora and genua with setae d, and trochanter III with seta l', inserted in lateral position on tubercles. Detail of the development of leg chaetotaxy in Table 1. Color. Body and legs translucent green becoming dark green in central region of idiosoma. Leg and dorsal setae white, eyes red. Eggs. Elongate with longitudinal ridges, and yellow in colour. Most of the eggs were found near the veins of the leaves. Male: Unknown. Deutonymph (n = 4) (Figs 14, 15): Body size measurements: distance between setae v2 - h1 245–265, sc2 - sc2 122–128; other measurements: v2 - v2 25–30, sc1 - sc1 65–68, c1 - c1 25–28, c3 - c3 152–160, d1 - d1 17–20, d3 - d3 105–110, e1 - e1 22–25, e3 - e3 67–73, f2 - f2 60–73, f3 - f3 47–50, h1 - h1 15–18, h2 - h2 30–33. Dorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with pair short projections mesally, forming a notch. Lateral body projections anterior to setae sc2 present. Prodorsum mostly smooth, with pair longitudinal ridges from anterior margin past eyes to posterior margin (Fig. 15). Region between setae sc2 - c3 with widely spaced transverse striations and region posterior to setae d1 - c3 smooth; pair circular pores laterad setae e1; central longitudinal ridge on posterior opisthosoma from setae d1 to posterior margin (Fig. 15). Dorsal setae similar to that of female except smaller and thinner. Setal measurements: v2 2–3, sc1 20–25, sc2 46–56, c1 24–30, c3 20, d1 30–31, d3 2–3, e1 2, e3 27–28, f2 22–27, f3 19–22, h1 13–17, h2 38–55. Gnathosoma. Palps similar to those of female. Setae d 12–14 long; eupathidia ul ′ 4, ul ′′ 1–2. Ventral infracapitular setae m 6–7; distance between setae m - m 12–14. Venter. Cuticle covered with fine and mostly transverse striae. Coxal, genital and pseudanal setae fine. Setal lengths: 1a 55–65, 1b 5–6, 1c 6–8, 2b 10–11, 2c 10–12, 3a 6–7, 3b 11–12, 4a 45–60, 4b 7–10, ag 5–8, g1 5–6, ps1 5–7, ps2 5–6. Setae g2 absent. Legs. Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2–1–4–3–5–8(1), II 2–1–4–3–5–8(1), III 1–2–2–1–3–3, IV 1–0–1–0–3– 3. Leg chaetotaxy similar to that of female, except trochanter IV nude, and d and l setae more lanceolate. Tarsi I–II each with one solenidion ω" (tarsi I 4–5 and tarsi II 4) and two eupathidia pζ ′ - pζ" (5–6, 6; 5–6, 6 respectively). Detail of the development of leg chaetotaxy in Table 1. Protonymph (n = 3) (Figs 16, 17): Body size measurements: distance between setae v2-h1 185–210, sc2-sc2 110–115; other measurements: v2-v2 20–25, sc1-sc1 55–60, c1 - c1 22–25, c3 - c3 127–133, d1 - d1 15–18, d3 - d3 87– 93, e1 - e1 15–18, e3 - e3 62–65, f2 - f2 55–58, f3 - f3 45, h1 - h1 15, h2 - h2 27–30. Dorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum with pair short projections mesally, forming a short notch. Lateral body projections anterior to setae sc2 present. Prodorsum mostly smooth, with pair longitudinal ridges from anterior margin past eyes to posterior margin (Fig. 17). Prodorsal region smooth; region between setae sc2 - c3 with widely spaced transverse striations and region posterior to setae d1 - c3 smooth; pair circular pores laterad setae e1; short central longitudinal ridge on posterior opisthosoma from setae d1 to posterior margin (Fig. 17). Dorsal setae similar to that of female except shorter and thinner. Setal measurements: v2 2–3, sc1 10–12, sc2 42–45, c1 9–45, c3 20–21, d1 12–20, d3 2–3, e1 2–3, e3 23–24, f2 19–22, f3 17–18, h1 14–15, h2 55–65. Gnathosoma. Palps similar to those of female. Setae d 5–7; eupathidia ul ′ 3–4, ul ′′ 1–2. Ventral infracapitular setae m 6–7; distance between setae m - m 11–12. Venter. Cuticle covered with fine and mostly transverse striae. Coxal, genital and pseudanal setae fine. Setal measurements: 1a 60–75, 1b 5–6, 1c 6–7, 2c 11–12, 3a 7–8, 3b 10–11, ag 6–7, ps1 5–7, ps2 6–7. Setae 2b, 4a, 4b, g1 and g2 absent. Legs. Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 2–0–3–1–5–6(1), II 1–0–3–1–5–6(1), III 1–0–2–0–3–3, IV 0–0–1–0–3– 3. Tarsi I–II each with one solenidion ω" 3–4 (for both tarsi I and tarsi II) and two eupathidia pζ ′ - pζ" (5–6, 6; 5, 5 respectively). Detail of the development of leg chaetotaxy in Table 1. Larva (n = 3) (Fig. 18): Body size measurements: distance between setae v2 – h1 150–160, sc2 – sc2 78–98; other measurements: v2 - v2 15–18, sc1 - sc1 50, c1 - c1 25, c3-c3 97–105, d1-d1 12–15, d3-d3 67–72, e1-e1 7–10, e3 - e3 57–63, f2-f2 47–55, f3 - f3 35–40, h1-h1 10–13, h2-h2 22–25. Dorsum. Anterior margin of prodorsum smoothly rounded, without notch. Prodorsal region with colliculate integument; region between setae sc2 - c3 with oblique and widely spaced transverse striations and region posterior to setae d1 - c3 with colliculate integument. Setae v2, sc1, c1, d1, d3 and e1 short to minute; other dorsal setae lanceolate except sc2 falcate. Setal measurements: v2 2, sc1 3, sc2 22–26, c1 3–4, c3 15–18, d1 5–6, d3 2–3, e1 2, e3 15–17, f2 16–18, f3 13–15, h1 11–13, h2 35–45. Gnathosoma. Palps similar to those of female. Seta d 5–6 long; eupathidia ul ′ 2, ul ′′ 1. Ventral infracapitular setae m absent. Venter. Cuticle covered with fine and mostly transverse striae. Coxal, genital and anal setae fine. Setal measurements: 1a 35–43, 1b 5–6, 3a 5–6, ps1 5–7, ps2 5–6. Setae 1c, 2b, 2c, 3b, 4a, 4b, ag, g1 and g2 absent. Legs. Setation (from coxae to tarsi): I 1–0–3–1–5–6(1), II 0–0–3–1–5–6(1), III 0–0–2–0–3–3. Tarsi I–II each with one solenidion ω" 2–3 (for both tarsi I and II) and two eupathidia pζ ′ - pζ" (4–5, 5; 4, 5 respectively). Cuticle of all legs covered with colliculate sculpturing. Detail of the development of leg chaetotaxy in Table 1. Type material. Holotype: female collected on Terminalia argentea (Combretaceae), Itapagipe, Minas Gerais, Brazil, (19°52’S, 49°39’W), 16 October 2008, coll. A. Mendonça (DZSJRP n. 10138). Paratypes: five females and three deutonymphs on same slide as holotype; two females, three protonymphs and three larvae, 19 August 2014, coll. E.B. Castro, same data as holotype (DZSJRP n. 10140 to 10144). Eight females and one deutonymph, same data as holotype (DZSJRP n. 10139, NMNH). Other material examined. Tenuipalpus boyani De Leon (USNM n. 2610): Paratypes: one female, one deutonymph and one protonymph on the slide, ex. Pouteria sp. (Sapotaceae), from Guyana (= British Guiana). Tenuipalpus eugeniae De Leon (USNM n. 2709): Holotype: female, ex. Eugenia biflora (Myrtaceae), from Jamaica. Paratypes: one female and one male on same slide as holotype. Etymology. This specific name spinosaurus refers to presence of a prominent dorsal crest on opisthosoma which reminds us of that of the extraordinary crest of the dinosaur Spinosaurus aegyptiacus Stromer (Spinosauridae). Differential diagnosis. This new species resembles T. boyani De Leon 1965 a in sharing the presence of lateral body projections associated with setae sc2 and c3, and a longitudinal crest on the opisthosoma (not illustrated in De Leon 1965a) and in having ventral seta 4b inserted distinctly mesad of its more common position in the Tenuipalpidae. It differs by having a prodorsum with a pair of strongly developed longitudinal to converging ridges running from sc1 to near the posterior margin of the shield (prodorsum with only weakly developed longitudinal ridges in T. boyani); setae sc1 are larger in T. spinosaurus (25–30 long; 10 long in T. boyani); setae sc1, c1 and d1 are oblanceolate in the deutonymphs and protonymphs of the new species, while in the immatures of T. boyani these setae are minute. Tenuipalpus spinosaurus also resembles T. eugeniae De Leon 1965 b, but differs in the position of coxal setae 4b, which are inserted much closer to setae 4a in former, and in the more commonly observed position in the latter species. Remarks. The new species was compared with the type specimens of T. boyani and T. eugeniae. In the many samples we analysed, only eggs, immatures and females were found, and no males were located. It suggests that this species may be parthenogenetic, or that males are produced only at certain times of the year or under certain conditions. Ontogeny. Tenuipalpus spinosaurus sp. nov. has the pattern of additions to the coxae that is common to the family (Lindquist 1985). Coxal setae 1c, 2c and 3b are added in the protonymph and 2b and 4b are added in the deutonymph. Here, the coxal setae 4b are inserted in an unusual position, off of coxal region IV and closer to setae 4a. This characteristic is also found in Tenuipalpus boyani De Leon. Seta v ′ is added to trochanters I, II and III in the deutonymph and is delayed until the adult stage on leg IV. Unusually, setae l ′ is added to trochanters III in the deutonymph (more commonly appears in the protonymph (Lindquist 1985)). Setae l ′ are added to femora I and II in deutonymph, as occurs in other Tenuipalpidae (e.g. Aegyptobia (Seeman & Beard 2011)). Setae l ′ are present on genua I and II of the larvae, and setae d (common for the family) and l" (delayed addition, according to Lindquist (1985)) are added to genua I and II of the deutonymph, as occurs in other Tenuipalpidae (e.g. Aegyptobia (Seeman & Beard (2011)). As is common in the family, seta d is added to genu III in the deutonymph (Lindquist 1985); while genu IV remain nude. As in most of Tenuipalpus species, the pattern of tibial setae is 5-5-3-3, and represents the larval complement. The patterns of addition of the tectal setae on the tarsi are variable amongst tenuipalpid taxa. Tenuipalpus spinosaurus sp. nov. displays a pattern commonly expressed within the family, but one in which the tectal pairs are delayed one stage from a standard pattern (Lindquist 1985). The pairs of tectal setae are added to tarsus I, II and III in the deutonymph (instead of protonymph), and to tarsus IV in the adult (instead of deutonymph). Setae d on femora I and II are inserted in a lateral position on tubercles in Tenuipalpus sensu stricto. In species of Tenuipalpus sensu lato, setae d on femora I and II are commonly inserted in a dorsal position and not usually on tubercles. Similarly, seta d on genua and tibiae of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto and sensu lato are also usually inserted in a lateral position. The rapid replacement of the Cerrado by agricultural crops such as soybean, rice, corn, and cotton as well as pasture (Klink & Moreira 2002), increases the risk that species may become extinct before they are even known (Demite et al. 2009). Some tenuipalpids show host preference (Mesa et al. 2009) and may occur only on a single genus of plants [e.g. T. heveae Baker that has only ever been recorded occurring on plants of the genus Hevea (Euphorbiaceae)]. Due to such host specificity, we believe that if a given plant becomes extinct, then the mites associated with it may also become extinct

Tenuipalpus sensu stricto group Diagnosis. Adults female and male: Species of this group can be differentiated from other Tenuipalpus by presence of one pair of lateral body projections associated with setae c3. See Castro et al. (2016) for a detailed diagnosis., Published as part of Castro, Elizeu B., Feres, Reinaldo J. F., Ochoa, Ronald & Bauchan, Gary R., 2016, A new species of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Brazil, with ontogeny and a key to the known species, pp. 355-378 in Zootaxa 4088 (3) on page 356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4088.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/261507

Tetrabdella Hernandes & Feres Type-species: Tetrabdella neotropica Hernandes & Feres, 2006 by original designation. 158. Tetrabdella neotropica Hernandes & Feres, 2006: 60; Cedral, S��o Paulo, Brazil, ex Hevea brasiliensis M.Arg. (Euphorbiaceae). Type deposition. Holotype and paratypes at DZSJRP, paratype at USNM., Published as part of Hernandes, Fabio A., Skvarla, Michael J., Fisher, Ray, Dowling, Ashley P. G., Ochoa, Ronald, Ueckermann, Edward A. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2016, Catalogue of snout mites (Acariformes: Bdellidae) of the world, pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4152 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4152.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261900, {"references":["Hernandes, F. A. & Feres, R. J. F. (2006) Tetrabdella neotropica (Acari: Bdellidae), a new genus and species from Brazil. Zootaxa, 1135, 57 - 68."]}

Genus Tenuipalpus Donnadieu, 1876 Type species: Tenuipalpus palmatus Donnadieu, 1876 (= Tenuipalpus caudatus (Dug��s, 1834)) Diagnosis. Female: Body shape with prodorsum wider than opisthosoma or elongate-ovate; prodorsum with three pairs of setae (v2, sc1, sc2, except v2 absent in T. elegans (Collyer)); dorsal opisthosoma with eight to ten pairs of setae (c3, d3, e3, f3, h1, h2 present; c2, d2, e2 absent; c1, d1, e1, f2 present or absent (d1, e1 rarely absent); setae h2 elongate, flagellate. Palp one to three segmented. Venter with one to two pairs of setae 3a (3a2 present or absent) and one to four pairs of setae 4a (4a2, 4a3, 4a4 present or absent); ventral and genital plates not developed, membranous genital flap present; commonly two pairs of pseudanal setae ps1 ��� 2 present (setae ps3 rarely present). Male: Opisthosoma distinctly narrower than that of female; legs and dorsal setae usually similar to those of female; pseudanal setae ps1 modified as accessory genital stylet., Published as part of Castro, Elizeu B., Feres, Reinaldo J. F., Ochoa, Ronald & Bauchan, Gary R., 2016, A new species of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Brazil, with ontogeny and a key to the known species, pp. 355-378 in Zootaxa 4088 (3) on page 356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4088.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/261507

Neomolgus Oudemans Molgus Dujardin, 1842: 316 (nomen nudum); Molgus Trouessart, 1894: 118; Thor, 1913: 30; 1931a: 54. Molgus (Hoplomolgus) Berlese, 1923: 237. Neomolgus Oudemans, 1937: 1229; Atyeo, 1960a: 389; Soliman, 1975: 48; Soliman & Zaher, 1975: 78; Wallace & Mahon, 1976: 116; Michocka, 1987: 44. Type-species: Acarus littoralis Linnaeus, 1758 by original designation. 251. Neomolgus aegyptiacus Soliman & Mohamed, 1972b: 90; Faculty of Agriculture farm, Giza, Egypt, from clover field associated with Bryobia cristata (Acari, Tetranychidae). Remarks. Male unknown; although the species was formally described in 1975, three years earlier Soliman & Mohamed (1972b) published the biology of this species along with a morphological description of all stages. The authority and date must be therefore attributed to Soliman & Mohamed, 1972b. Type deposition. Probably at CUE. 252. Neomolgus aequalis (Schweizer & Bader, 1963): 238 comb. nov.; Kreuzlingen, Switzerland, ex moss. Original designation: Hoplomolgus aequalis Schweizer & Bader. Type deposition. NMB (A 211a). 253. Neomolgus berlesei (Tr��g��rdh, 1902b): 17 comb. nov.; in humid areas and under stones, Italy. Original designation: Bdella capillata var. berlesei Tr��g��rdh, 1902b: 17. Other name: Molgus (Hoplomolgus) berlesei, Thor, 1931a: 57. a. Molgus (Hoplomolgus) tuberculatus Berlese, 1923: 238 synonymy according to Thor (1931a: 57); Hoplomolgus tuberculatus, Schweizer & Bader, 1963: 242. Type deposition. Unknown. 254. Neomolgus capillatus (Kramer, 1881): 446; Germany���Willmann, 1939: 431; 1956: 243. Original designation: Bdella capillata Kramer; Canestrini, 1886: 188; Berlese, 1891; Michael, 1896: 514; Kramer, 1896: 447; Tr��g��rdh, 1902b: 17; B��bler, 1910: 812; Halbert, 1915: 112; Hull, 1918: 40. Other names: Molgus capillatus, Trouessart, 1888: 619; Thor, 1904b: 77; 1909: 7; Oudemans, 1914: 123; Schweizer, 1922: 79; Thor, 1926: 139; Thor, 1930a: 95; Hoplomolgus capillata, Tr��g��rdh, 1931: 49; Molgus (Hoplomolgus) capillatus, Vitzthum, 1929: 59; Molgus (Molgus) capillatus, Thor, 1931a: 60. Distribution. Germany (Voigts & Oudemans 1906), Ireland (Hull 1915), Germany, Switzerland, Italy, England, Ireland, Norway, Svalbard Islands (Thor 1931a), France (Schweizer 1922), Austria (Willmann 1951), Iceland (Atyeo & Tuxen 1962), Georgia (Gomelauri 1963b), Switzerland (Schweizer & Bader 1963), Australia (south western W.A.) (Wallace & Mahon 1976), Ukraine (Kuznetsov & Livshits 1979a), Poland (Michocka 1987), Iran (Ostovan & Kamali 1995; Kamali et al. 2001). Redescriptions. Atyeo & Tuxen (1962), Wallace & Mahon (1976), Michocka (1987). Type deposition. CRA. 255. Neomolgus clypeatus (Thor, 1930b): 17; Sjus��rn (Lillehammer), Norway.��� Atyeo & Tuxen, 1962: 290. Original designation: Molgus clypeatus Thor. Other name: Molgus (Hoplomolgus) clypeatus, Thor: 1931a: 55. Distribution. Iceland (Atyeo & Tuxen 1962), Syria (Lattakia) (Soliman & Zaher 1975), Australia (Wallace & Mahon 1976), Ukraine (Kuznetsov & Livshits 1979a), Iran (Ostovan & Kamali 1995; Kamali et al. 2001). Redescriptions. Atyeo & Tuxen (1962), Wallace & Mahon (1976). Type deposition. Lost. 256. Neomolgus egregia (Koch, 1839): 23 comb. nov.; in humid meadows, Europe. Original designation: Bdella egregia Koch; Koch, 1842: 74; Walckenaer & Gervais, 1847: 532; Anders��n, 1863: 184; Canestrini & Fanzago, 1877: 101; Oudemans, 1937: 1196. Other name: Molgus egregious, Thor, 1931a: 63. Bdella vulgaris, Canestrini, 1886: 183; Berlese, 1888: 7; 1893: 43; Halbert, 1915: 113; Schweizer & Bader, 1963: 230; synonymy according to Thor (1931a: 63). Bdella longitarsa Karsch, 1881: 37; Molgus egregius var. longitarsa, Thor, 1931a: 63. Distribution. Middle Europe (Germany, France, Italy, Sweden) (Thor 1931a), Japan (Karsch 1881), Ireland (Hull 1915). Type deposition. Unknown; type of B. longitarisa in ZMB. 257. Neomolgus helveticus (Schweizer & Bader, 1963): 239 comb. nov.; Buffalora mountain, National Park, Switzerland, under stone. Original designation: Hoplomolgus helveticus Schweizer & Bader. Type deposition. NMB (NP 1471). 258. Neomolgus iraniensis Eghbalian, Khanjani, Safaralizadeh & Ueckermann, 2016: 296; ex soil and litter under wild almond trees, Amygdalus scoparia L. (Rosaceae), Palangan village, Kamyaran, Kermanshah Province, Iran. Type deposition. Holotype and paratypes at University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamedan, Iran; paratype female at NCA. 259. Neomolgus lacustris (Hull, 1915): 121 comb. nov.; on soil, England. Original designation: Bdella lacustris Hull.���Hull, 1918: 40. Other name: Molgus (Molgus) lacustris, Thor, 1931a: 62. a. Molgus (Hoplomolgus) sublimis Berlese, 1923: 238 synonymy according to Thor (1931a: 62). Type deposition. Unknown. 260. Neomolgus littoralis (Linnaeus, 1745): 96; unknown locality.��� Atyeo, 1960a: 390. Original designation: Acarus littoralis Linnaeus, 1745: 96; 1758: 618; Hammer, 1775: 158; Fabricius, 1775: 815; 1780: 225; 1781: 493; 1787: 374; M��ller, 1776: 187; Oudemans, 1926b: 117; Johnston, 1845: 229; Oudemans, 1929: 316. Other names: Bdella littoralis, Neuman, 1875: 104; Hull, 1918: 40; 1922: 622; Oudemans, 1926a: 116; Tr��g��rdh, 1904: 46; 1912: 419; Bdella vulgaris var. littoralis Moniez, 1890a: 30, 1890b: 196. a. Bdella littoralis + capillata var. pallipediformis Tr��g��rdh, 1902b: 18; synonymy according to Thor (1931a: 61); Molgus littoralis, Thor, 1904a: 15; 1904b: 78; 1913: 30; 1928: 216; 1930a: 96; 1931a: 61; King, 1914: 138; Berlese, 1923: 237; Tr��g��rdh, 1928: 8; 1931: 47. Tr��g��rdh, 1928: 8; 1931: 47. b. Bdella groenlandica Tr��g��rdh, 1904: 48; Hull, 1922: 622; synonymy according to Thor (1930a). c. Molgus (Molgus) littoralis var. seurati Berlese, 1923: 237; synonymy according to Thor (1931a). d. Acarus petrarum ruber L.; Str��m, 1762: 196; Olafsen & Povelsen, 1772: 607; synonymy according to Thor (1904). e. Acarus basteri Johnston, 1836: 353; Bdella basteri; Michael, 1896: 478; synonymy according to Thor (1904). f. Acarus longicornis, Johnston, 1845: 227; synonymy according to Thor (1904). g. Bdella podurophila White, 1852: 210; synonymy according to Thor (1931a). h. Bdella arctica Thorell, 1871: 698; Kramer, 1897: 79; Tr��g��rdh, 1900: 9; Banks, 1919: 11; Molgus arcticus (Thorell), Trouessart, 1888: 119; Thor, 1902: 162; synonymy according to Thor (1904). i. Bdella marina Packard, 1873: 544; 1884: 828; Banks, 1894: 220; Michael 1896: 479; Banks 1907: 596; 1908: 5; Thor, 1931a: 39; synonymy according to Thor (1904). j. Molgus longicornis, Murray, 1877: 143; synonymy according to Thor (1931a). k. Bdella grandis Kramer, 1879: 131; synonymy according to Tr��g��rdh (1904: 46). l. Bdella villosa Kramer & Neuman, 1883: 525; Michael 1896: 479; Oudemans & Koenike, 1897: 238; Banks, 1899: 348; 1907: 596; Molgus villosa, Trouessart, 1888: 619; synonymy according to Thor (1904). m. Eupalus sanguineus Trouessart, 1888: 753; Bdella sanguinea, Trouessart, 1894: 119; Michael 1896: 478; Tr��g��rdh, 1900: 9; Molgus sanguineus, Trouessart, 1894: 117; synonymy according to Thor (1904). n. Bdella villosa + frigida Banks, 1899: 348; synonymy according to Thor (1931a). Distribution. England (Hull 1918), Canada (Nunavut) (Summerhayes & Elton 1928), Alaska, Hudson Bay Area, Greenland, Iceland, Spitsbergen, Bering Island, Russian Lapland (Kola-Hafvon), Novaya Zemlya (Matochkin Strait), Finland (Atyeo 1960a), Japan (Ehara 1960, 1961, Shiba 1971), Iceland (Atyeo & Tuxen 1962). Redescriptions. Atyeo (1960a), Atyeo & Tuxen (1962). Remarks. Atyeo (1960a: 391) reported specimens from Matochkin Strait lacking trichobothria on tibia IV, and having a long tactile seta in the position normally occupied by the trichobothria. Type deposition. Unknown. 261. Neomolgus longipalpis (Karpelles, 1893): 106 comb. nov.; Maramures, Hungary, at Pop Ivan mountain. Original designation: Bdella longipalpis Karpelles. Other name: Molgus longipalpis, Thor, 1931a: 63. Type deposition. Unknown. 262. Neomolgus longipalpus Kuznetsov, 1984: 774; park of the Nikita botanical garden, Yalta, Crimea, ex litter. Remarks. Male unknown. According to ICZN (article 57.6), the one-letter difference in spelling in relation to the previous species is enough to prevent the homonymy. Type deposition. NBG. 263. Neomolgus lumarius Atyeo, 1962: 292 in Atyeo & Tuxen; H��itindur, Southeast Iceland. Type deposition. Holotype and paratypes at ZMUC; paratypes at USNM, BMNH and SAM. 264. Neomolgus maculatus (Karpelles, 1893): 26 comb. nov.; Sălaj, Hungary. Original designation: Bdella maculata Karpelles. Other names: Molgus maculatus, Thor, 1931a: 64; Molgus maculatus var. pilosa; Thor, 1931a: 64. Type deposition. Unknown. 265. Neomolgus monticola Willmann, 1951: 162; Hohe Tauern, Switzerland. Other name: Hoplomolgus monticola, Schweizer & Bader, 1963: 240. Type deposition. ZSM. 266. Neomolgus mutabilis Atyeo, 1960a: 392; 2 miles south of Galena, Cherokee Co., Kansas, USA, under board. Distribution. United States (Kansas, Texas), Mexico (Distrito Federal) (Atyeo 1960a). Type deposition. Holotype and paratypes at SEMC, paratypes at USNM, BMNH and SAM. 267. Neomolgus obsoletus (Berlese, 1923): 238 comb. nov.; in Germany and Norway. Original designation: Molgus (Hoplomolgus) obsoletus, Thor, 1931a: 58; Hoplomolgus obsoletus, Schweizer & Bader, 1963: 242. Type deposition. CRA. 268. Neomolgus ontakensis Shiba, 1971: 99; Mt. Ontak��, Nagano pref., Japan. Type deposition. Biological Laboratory of Matsuyama Shinonome Junior College, Matsuyama, Japan. 269. Neomolgus pallipes (Koch, 1879): 131; Siberia, Russia. Original designation: Bdella pallipes Koch; Hull, 1918: 41; Hull, 1922: 622; Neomolgus pallipes; Mihelčič, 1958a; Willmann, 1952: 166. a. Bdella hirta Kramer, 1896: 447; synonymy according to Thor (1931a: 58). b. Bdella basteri Johnston forma pallipes, Tr��g��rdh, 1901: 61; synonymy according to Thor (1931a: 58). c. Bdella capillata var. pallipes, Tr��g��rdh, 1902b: 16; 1904: 47; synonymy according to Thor (1931a: 59). d. Molgus (Molgus) pallipes, Thor, 1931a: 58. e. Molgus capillatus, Thor, 1927: 139; 1930: 95; synonymy according to Thor (1931a: 59); Molgus capillatus var. pallipes, Tr��g��rdh, 1928: 8; synonymy according to Thor (1931a: 59). Distribution. Canada (Summerhayes & Elton 1928), Northern Europe and Asia (Siberia, Novaja, Semlja, Sweden, Norway, Svalbard, England, Borkum Island) (Thor 1931a), Germany (Wangerooge Island) (Willmann 1952), Spain (Mihelčič 1958a). Type deposition. BMNH. 270. Neomolgus paracapillatus Michocka, 1987: 45; Warsaw, Poland, ex decayed grass. Type deposition. In the author���s collection. 271. Neomolgus pratensis Shiba, 1971: 93; Namekawa, Kawauchi-ch��, Ehime pref., Japan. Type deposition. Biological Laboratory of Matsuyama Shinonome Junior College, Matsuyama, Japan. 272. Neomolgus pygmaeus Shiba, 1969a: 74; Shiga Heights, Japan. Distribution. Japan (Shiba 1969a), China (Lin et al. 2006). Redescription. Shiba (1971). Type deposition. Biological Laboratory of Matsuyama Shinonome Junior College, Matsuyama, Japan. 273. Neomolgus raeticus (Schweizer & Bader, 1963): 238 comb. nov.; NationalPark, Mt. Mezdi, Switzerland. Original designation: Hoplomolgus raeticus Schweizer & Bader. Type deposition. NMB (NP 1845). 274. Neomolgus raptor Kuznetsov & Barilo, 1984: 934; near Samarkand (Tchapan-Atha), Uzbekistan, under stones. Type deposition. NBG. 275. Neomolgus reticulatus (Schweizer & Bader, 1963): 241 comb. nov.; S-chanf, Switzerland. Original designation: Hoplomolgus reticulatus Schweizer & Bader. Type deposition. NMB (NP 283). 276. Neomolgus sabulosus Shiba, 1971: 96; Shigenobu River, Matsuyama, Ehime pref., Japan. Type deposition. Biological Laboratory of Matsuyama Shinonome Junior College, Matsuyama, Japan. 277. Neomolgus seriatus Shiba, 1971: 101; Otanom��su-no-taira, Shigak��gen, Nagano pref., Japan. Type deposition. Biological Laboratory of Matsuyama Shinonome Junior College, Matsuyama, Japan. 278. Neomolgus thorianus (Berlese, 1923): 239 comb. nov.; Corfu, Greece. Original designation: Molgus (Hoplomolgus) thorianus Berlese. Other name: Molgus (Molgus) thorianus, Thor, 1931a: 62. Distribution. Greece (Corfu Island) (Thor 1931a), Georgia (Gomelauri 1963b). Type deposition. CRA., Published as part of Hernandes, Fabio A., Skvarla, Michael J., Fisher, Ray, Dowling, Ashley P. G., Ochoa, Ronald, Ueckermann, Edward A. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2016, Catalogue of snout mites (Acariformes: Bdellidae) of the world, pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4152 (1) on pages 41-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4152.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261900, {"references":["Dujardin, F. (1842) Zoologie. L'Institut - Journal Universel des Sciences et des Societes Savantes en France et a l'Etranger, 454, 316.","Trouessart, E. L. (1894) Note sur une grande espece de Bdelle maritime originaire d'Island. Journal de l'Anatomie et de la Physiologie, 30, 117 - 125.","Thor, S. (1913) Biscirus genus novum: eine neue Bdelliden-Gattung und zwei neue Untergattungen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 42, 28 - 30.","Berlese, A. (1923) Centuria sesta di Acari nuovi. Redia-Giornale di Entomologia, 15, 1 - 240.","Oudemans, A. C. (1937) Kritisch historisch overzicht der Acarologie. Derede gedeelte, 1805 - 1850, Band C, Tarsonemini Can. & Fanz. 1877, Stomatostigmata Oudms. 1906, Eleutherengona Oudms. 1909. Brill, 1179 - 1259.","Atyeo, W. T. (1960 a) A revision of the family Bdellidae in North and Central America (Acarina: Prostigmata). University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 40, 345 - 499.","Soliman, Z. R. & Zaher, M. A. (1975) Bdellid mites of Lattakia, Syria. Bulletin de la Societe Royale Entomologique, 59, 73 - 82.","Wallace, M. M. H. & Mahon, J. A. (1976) The taxonomy and biology of Australian Bdellidae (Acari). II. Subfamily Odontoscirinae. Acarologia, 18 (1), 65 - 123.","Michocka, S. (1987) Polskie Roztocze (Acari) z rodzin Bdellidae i Cunaxidae. Monografie Fauny Polski, 14, 1 - 128 [in Polish with English summary].","Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. 10 th ed. pp. [1 - 4], 1 - 824. Holmiae. (Salvius).","Soliman, Z. R. & Mohamed, M. I. (1972 b) On the development and biology of the predaceous mites, Neomolgus aegyptiacus Sol. (Acarina: Bdellidae). Zeitschrift fur Angewandte Entomologie, 71, 90 - 95. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0418.1972. tb 01723. x","Schweizer, J. & Bader, C. (1963) Die Landmilben der Schweiz (Mittelland, Jura and Alpen). Trombidiformes Reuter. Denkschriften Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 84, 209 - 378.","Tragardh, I. (1902 b) Zur Kenntnis der litoralen Arten der Gattung Bdella Latr. Bihang Till Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps- Akademien Handlingar, 27 (4), 1 - 24.","Thor, S. (1931 a) Bdellidae, Nicoletiellidae, Cryptognathidae. Das Tierreich, 56, 87 pp.","Kramer, P. (1881) Uber Milben. Zeitschrift fur die gesammten Naturwissenschaft, 54, 417 - 452.","Canestrini, G. (1886) Prospetto dell'acarofauna italiana. 2: Erythraeini, Cheyletini, Bdellini, Eupodini e Analgesini. pp. 159 - 311, Tav. X - XXII [= 10 - 22]. Padova.","Michael, A. D. (1896) The internal anatomy of Bdella. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 2 (6), 477 - 528. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1896. tb 00484. x","Kramer, P. (1896) Neue Acariden von der Insel Borkum. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 19, 444 - 448.","Babler, E. (1910) Die wirbellose, terrestrische Fauna der nivalen Region. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 18, 761 - 915. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 16675","Halbert, M. R. I. A. (1915) Clare Island Survey-Acarinida. Section II-terrestrial and marine Acarina. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 39, 45 - 136.","Hull, J. E. (1918) Terrestrial Acari of the Tyne province. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 75, 13 - 88.","Trouessart, E. L. (1888) Note sur les acariens marins recueillis par M. Giard au laboratoire maritime de Wimereux. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 107, 753 - 755. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4881","Thor, S. (1904 b) Norwegische Bdellidae I. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 28, 69 - 79.","Oudemans, A. C. (1914) Acarologisches aus Maulwurfsnestern. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 108 - 200, 68 - 136.","Schweizer, J. (1922) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der terrestrischen Milbenfauna der Schweiz. Verhandlungen der Naturferschenden Gesellschaft in Basel, 33, 23 - 111. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 3644","Thor, S. (1926) Die Acarina der Kamtschatka Expedition 1908 - 1909. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie des Sciences de l'URSS, 27, 131 - 141.","Thor, S. (1930 a) Beitrage zur kenntnis der invertebraten fauna von Svalbard. Skrifter Svalbard og Ishavet, 27, 1 - 156.","Tragardh, I. (1931) Terrestrial Acarina. Zoology of the Faroes, 49, 45 - 69.","Vitzthum, H. G. (1929) Acari. Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas, 3 (3), 1 - 111.","Voigts, H. & Oudemans, A. C. (1906) Zur Kenntnis der Milben-Fauna von Bremen. Bdellidae. In: Leuwer, F. (Ed.), Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen, pp. 241 - 242.","Hull, J. E. (1915) Snout mites: an introduction to the British Bdellidae. The Vasculum, 1, 117 - 123.","Willmann, С. (1951) Die hochalpine Milbenfauna der mittleren Hohen Tauern insbesondere der Groβlockner-Gebietes (Acari). Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 2, 141 - 176.","Atyeo, W. T. & Tuxen, S. L. (1962) The Icelandic Bdellidae (Acarina). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 35 (3), 281 - 298.","Gomelauri, L. A. (1963 b) On the study of mites of the family Bdellidae in Georgian S. S. R. Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of the Georgian SSR, 30 (2), 47 - 51.","Kuznetsov, N. N. & Livshits, I. Z. (1979 a) Predatory mites of the Nikita Botanical Garden (Acariformes: Bdellidae, Cunaxidae, Camerobiidae). Proceedings of the State Nikita Botanical Garden, 79, 51 - 104.","Ostovan, H. & Kamali, K. 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Odontoscirus Thor Odontoscirus Thor, 1913: 29; Thor, 1931a: 52 (as subgenus of Biscirus); type-species Bdella virgulata Canestrini & Fanzago by original designation; Meyer & Ryke, 1959: 379; Atyeo, 1960a: 386; Michocka, 1987: 50; Wallace & Mahon 1976: 67. Bdellodes Oudemans, 1937: 1217; Meyer & Ryke, 1959: 378; Wallace & Mahon, 1976: 67; Michocka, 1987: 56. Type-species: Scirus longirostris Hermann, 1804 by original designation. Scirus Hermann, 1804: 61; Thor, 1931a: 41 (part.). Hoploscirus Thor, 1937: 43; type-species Scirus dubitatus Womersley, 1933a by original designation; synonymy according to Wallace & Mahon (1976: 67). Thoribdella Grandjean, 1938: 4 type-species Biscirus meridionalis Thor, 1931a by original designation; synonymy according to Wallace & Mahon (1976: 67). Octobdellodes Atyeo, 1960a: 407 type-species O. hurdi Atyeo, 1960a; synonymy according to Atyeo (1963a: 118, 125). 159. Odontoscirus affinis (Atyeo, 1963a): 185 comb. nov.; Rottnest Island, Australia. Original designation: Bdellodes (Hoploscirus) affinis Atyeo. Distribution. Australia (Atyeo 1963a; Wallace & Mahon 1976), Andaman Islands (Gupta & Ghosh 1980). Redescriptions. Wallace & Mahon (1976), Gupta (2002). Type deposition. Holotype and paratypes at SAM, paratypes at BMNH, USNM, ANIC. 160. Odontoscirus agrestis (Atyeo, 1963a): 152 comb. nov.; Auckland, New Zealand, ex moss and lichens. Original designation: Bdellodes (Hoploscirus) agrestis Atyeo. Remarks. Male unknown. Type deposition. Holotype and paratype at MONZ, paratype at NZFRI. 161. Odontoscirus alacris (Atyeo, 1963a): 193 comb. nov.; Glen Osmond, South Australia. Original designation: Bdellodes (Hoploscirusu) alacris Atyeo. a. Biscirus symmetricus (part.), Womersley, 1933a: 106 (not Kramer, 1898); synonymy according to Wallace & Mahon (1976: 103). Distribution. Australia (Atyeo, 1963a, Wallace & Mahon, 1976). Redescription. Wallace & Mahon (1976). Type deposition. SAM. 162. Odontoscirus alpinus Atyeo, 1960a: 388; Piegan Pass, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Type deposition. SEMC. 163. Odontoscirus amamiensis Shiba, 1985: 81; Southern Japan (Kyushu). Type deposition. Biological Laboratory of Matsuyama Shinonome Junior College, Matsuyama, Japan. 164. Odontoscirus ancalae (Atyeo, 1963a): 148 comb. nov.; Wellington, New Zealand, ex leaf mold. Original designation: Bdellodes (Hoploscirus) ancalae Atyeo. Remarks. Male unknown. Type deposition. MONZ. 165. Odontoscirus angustifolius (Gupta, 1991): 221 comb. nov.; Moreh, Manipur, India, ex Canthium angustifolium (Rubiaceae)��� Gupta, 2002: 31. Original designation: Bdella angustifolius Gupta. Bdellodes angustifolius, Gupta, 2002. Remarks. Male unknown. Redescription. Gupta (2002). Type deposition. NZSI. 166. Odontoscirus annona (Tseng, 1978): 33 comb. nov., new emendation; Kuiyin, Tainan Hsien, Taiwan, ex Annona sp. (Annonaceae). Original designation: Bdellodes anona Tseng. Remarks. The etymology of the species refers to the host plant, originally misspelled as Anona sp. [sic] rather than Annona sp.; therefore this species is herein emendated to Odontoscirus annona. Type deposition. Supposedly at BSMI, but probably lost (C-C Ho, pers. comm.). 167. Odontoscirus asiaticus Kuznetsov & Barilo, 1984: 934; near Samarkand, Agalyk village, Uzbekistan, ex under stones on humid soil; 3 males and 1 female paratypes on low grass and under stones in Samarkand region near Zeravshan mountain ridge. Type deposition. NBG. 168. Odontoscirus atro (Gupta, 1991): 220 comb. nov.; Arunachal Pradesh, Siji, India, ex Viburnum atrocyaneum Clarke (Adoxaceae). Bdellodes atro, Gupta, 2002: 32. Original designation: Bdella atro Gupta. Remarks. Male unknown. Redescription. Gupta (2002). Type deposition. NZSI. 169. Odontoscirus atyeoi Michocka, 1987: 54; Tatra, Poland. Type deposition. In the author���s collection. 170. Odontoscirus augusta (Roy & Saha, 2010): 121 comb. nov.; West Bengal, India. Original designation: Bdellodes augusta Roy & Saha. Type deposition. DZCU. 171. Odontoscirus australicus (Womersley, 1933a): 107 comb. nov.; Waroona, Western Australia. Original designation: Biscirus (Biscirus) australicus Womersley. Other name: Bdellodes (Hoploscirus) australica, Atyeo, 1963a: 188 (neotype designation). Redescriptions. Atyeo (1963a), Wallace & Mahon (1976). Type deposition. Neotype female at SAM. 172. Odontoscirus bidentata (Wallace & Mahon, 1976): 94 comb. nov.; Omeo, Australia, in mountain gully. Original designation: Bdellodes bidentata Wallace & Mahon. Type deposition. Holotype and paratypes at ANIC, paratypes at SAM, BPBM and MONZ. 173. Odontoscirus bifurcata (El-Sherif & Bolland, 1993): 2237 comb. nov., from litter near railway in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Original designation: Bdellodes bifurcata El-Sherif & Bolland. Type deposition. Unknown. 174. Odontoscirus bisetosa (Atyeo, 1960a): 414 comb. nov.; 10 miles west of Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas, Mexico, under rock. Original designation: Bdellodes bisetosa Atyeo. Type deposition. Holotype and paratypes at SEMC, paratypes at USNM, BMNH and SAM. 175. Odontoscirus brevicornis (Cooremann, 1959): 30 comb. nov.; Muotathal, Switzerland, in cave. Original designation: Thoribdella brevicornis Cooremann. Type deposition. IRSN. 176. Odontoscirus bryi (Atyeo, 1963a): 142 comb. nov.; Otago, New Zealand, ex moss on stones. Original designation: Bdellodes (Hoploscirus) bryi Atyeo. Remarks. Male unknown. Type deposition. MONZ. 177. Odontoscirus californica (Banks, 1904b): 366 comb. nov.; Claremont, LA, USA. Original designation: Bdella californica Banks; Banks, 1907: 596; Thoribdella californica (Banks), Atyeo, 1960a: 396; Bdellodes californica, Hernandes, 2013: 65. Bdella magna Ewing, 1913: 123; synonymy according to Atyeo (1960a). Distribution. United States (Los Angeles, California) (Atyeo 1960a). Redescription. Atyeo (1960a). Thor (1931a) has strangely regarded Bdella californica Banks as both synonyms of Bdellodes longirostris and of Biscirus uncinatus (pages 42 and 50, respectively). Type deposition. MCZ. 178. Odontoscirus camellae (Atyeo, 1963a): 145 comb. nov.; Wellington, New Zealand, ex leaf mold. Original designation: Bdellodes (Hoploscirus) camellae Atyeo. Remarks. Female unknown. Type deposition. MONZ. 179. Odontoscirus communis (Atyeo, 1960a): 399 comb. nov.; west slope of Cortez Pass, Mexico, under rock. Original designation: Thoribdella communis Atyeo. Other name: Bdellodes (Hoploscirus) commnunis, Atyeo, 1963a: 188. Type deposition. Holotype and paratypes at SEMC, paratypes at BMNH, USNM and SAM. 180. Odontoscirus conformis (Atyeo, 1963a): 137 comb. nov.; Otago, New Zealand, beaten off ferns. Original designation: Bdellodes (Hoploscirus) conformis Atyeo. Remarks. Male unknown. Type deposition. MONZ. 181. Odontoscirus consanguinea (Atyeo, 1963a): 194 comb. nov.; Busselton, Western Australia. Original designation: Bdellodes (Hoploscirus) consanguinea Atyeo. a. Biscirus symmetricus (part.), Womersley, 1933a: 106 (not Kramer, 1898); synonymy according to Wallace & Mahon (1976: 84). b. Biscirus intermedius (part.) (Thor, 1928: 213); Womersley, 1933a: 104; synonymy according to Wallace & Mahon (1976: 84). Distribution. Australia (Atyeo 1963a), (WA, SA, Victoria, Tasmania, NSW, south eastern Queensland, Kununurra area WA) (Wallace & Mahon 1976). Redescription. Wallace & Mahon (1976). Type deposition. SAM. 182. Odontoscirus copiosa (Atyeo, 1963a): 136 comb. nov.; Otago, New Zealand, under stone. Original designation: Bdellodes (Hoploscirus) copiosa Atyeo. Type deposition. MONZ. 183. Odontoscirus currax (Atyeo, 1963a): 187 comb. nov.; Moount Toolbrunnup, Western Australia, on mealy litter and moss. Original designation: Bdellodes (Hoploscirus) currax Atyeo. Redescription. Wallace & Mahon (1976). Type deposition. SAM. 184. Odontoscirus curvus (Atyeo, 1963a): 140 comb. nov.; Auckland Islands, New Zealand, under stone at high tide mark. Original designation: Bdellodes (Hoploscirus) curvus Atyeo. Redescription. Wallace (1970). Type deposition. MONZ. 185. Odontoscirus dubitatus (Womersley, 1933a): 102 comb. nov.; Mount Nelson, Tasmania, under stone. Bdellodes dubitata, Wallace & Mahon, 1976: 78. Original designation: Scirus dubitatus Womersley. Other name: Bdellodes (Hoploscirus) dubitata, Atyeo, 1963a: 196. Redescriptions. Atyeo (1963a), Wallace & Mahon (1976). Remarks. Male unknown, species known only from the holotype. Type deposition. SAM. 186. Odontoscirus edentata (Halliday, 2005): 22 comb. nov.; Port Elizabeth, Marine Protea Hotel, South Africa. Original designation: Bdellodes edentata Halliday. Remarks. Male unknown. Type deposition. Holotype and paratypes at NCA, paratype at ANIC. 187. Odontoscirus exilicornis (Berlese, 1910): 347 comb. nov.; Cape Town, South Africa. Bdellodes exilicornis, Meyer & Ryke, 1959: 379. Original designation: Bdella exilicornis Berlese. Other name: Scirus exilicornis, Thor, 1931a: 44. Type deposition. Lost (Castagnoli & Pegazzani, 1985). 188. Odontoscirus flexuosa (Atyeo, 1963a): 139 comb. nov.; Campbell Island, New Zealand, under stone. Original designation: Bdellodes (Hoploscirus) flexuosa Atyeo; Atyeo, 1964: 167. Redescriptions. Wallace (1970). Type deposition. MONZ. 189. Odontoscirus furcatus (Shiba, 1969a): 73 comb. nov.; Shiga Heights, Japan. Original designation: Bdellodes (Hoploscirus) furcatus Shiba; Nakamura et al. (2006). Type deposition. Unknown. 190. Odontoscirus georgianensis (Wallace, 1970): 109 comb. nov.; Royal Bay, Moltke Harbor, South Georgia, Antarctica, under moss and rocks. Original designation: Bdellodes (Bdellodes) georgianensis Wallace. Type deposition. Holotype at BPBM, paratypes at ANIC and BMNH. 191. Odontoscirus gleba Chaudhri & Akbar, 1985: 118; 1 mile from W. Hassanabdal, Pakistan. Type deposition. UAF. 192. Odontoscirus graminis (Wallace & Mahon, 1976): 105 comb. nov.; Pine Creek, Northern Territory, Australia, ex grass, Eucalyptus sp. Original designation: Bdellodes graminis Wallace & Mahon. Type deposition. Holotype and paratypes at ANIC, paratypes at SAM, BPBM and MONZ. 193. Odontoscirus grandiflora (Gupta, 1991): 224 comb. nov.; Arunachal Pradesh, Garu, India, ex Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb. (Acanthaceae). Original designation: Bdellodes grandiflora Gupta. Type deposition. NZSI. Remarks. Male unknown. Redescription. Gupta (2002). 194. Odontoscirus gressitti (Atyeo, 1964): 167 comb. nov.; Beeman Camp, Campbell Island, New Zealand, ex moss. Original designation: Bdellodes (Hoploscirus) gressitti Atyeo. Redescriptions. Wallace (1970). Type deposition. Holotype at MONZ; paratypes at BPBM. 195. Odontoscirus guajavae (Chatterjee & Gupta, 2002): 34 (in Gupta 2002) comb. nov.; Kalyani, West Bengal, India, ex Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae). Original designation: Octobdellodes guajavae Chatterjee & Gupta. Type deposition. ZSI. 196. Odontoscirus hadroseta (Wallace & Mahon, 1976): 110 comb. nov.; Nyabing, Western Australia, Australia, on sand plain scrub on roadside. Original designation: Bdellodes hadroseta Wallace & Mahon. a. Biscirus symmetricus (part.), Womersley, 1933a: 106 (not Kramer, 1898); synonymy according to Wallace & Mahon (1976: 110). b. Biscirus intermedius (Thor 1928: 213) (part.), Womersley, 1933a: 104; synonymy according to Wallace & Mahon (1976: 110). c. Biscirus uncinatus (Kramer 1898: 12), Womersley, 1933a: 106; synonymy according to Wallace & Mahon (1976: 110). Type deposition. Holotype and paratypes at ANIC, paratypes at SAM, BPBM and MONZ. 197. Odontoscirus haramotoi (Swift & Goff, 1987): 35 comb. nov.; Koa, Hawaii, ex litter. Original designation: Bdellodes haramotoi Swift & Goff. Remarks. Female unknown. Type deposition. BPBM. 198. Odontoscirus harpax (Atyeo, 1963a): 128 comb. nov.; Woods Point, South Australia. Original designation: Bdellodes (Bdellodes) harpax Atyeo. a Biscirus symmetricus (part.), Womersley, 1933a: 106 (not Kramer, 1898); synonymy according to Wallace & Mahon (1976: 115). b. Biscirus intermedius (Thor 1928: 213) (part.), Womersley, 1933a: 104; synonymy according to Wallace & Mahon (1976: 115). c. Scirus longirostris Hermann (part.), Womersley, 1933a: 101; synonymy according to Wallace & Mahon (1976: 115). Distribution. Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania (Atyeo, 1963a, Wallace & Mahon, 1976). Redescription. Wallace & Mahon (1976). Type deposition. Holotype and paratypes at SAM, paratypes at NZFRI, MONZ, BMNH, USNM. 199. Odontoscirus hessei (Womersley, 1933c): 111 comb. nov.; Stellenbosch C.P., South Africa.��� Meyer & Ryke, 1959: 379. Original designation: Scirus hessei Womersley. Other name: Bdellodes (Bdellodes) hessei, Atyeo, 1963a: 181. Distribution. South Africa (Meyer & Ryke 1959; Atyeo 1963a; Halliday 2005), Australia (Perth, Nedland) (Atyeo 1963a), Western Australia (Wallace & Mahon 1976). Redescriptions. Meyer & Ryke (1959), Atyeo (1963a), Wallace & Mahon (1976). Type deposition. SAM. 200. Odontoscirus hickmani (Womersley, 1933a): 107 comb. nov.; National Park, Tasmania, Australia, under stones.��� Wallace & Mahon, 1976: 81. Original designation: Biscirus (Biscirus) hickmani Womersley. Redescriptions. Atyeo (1963a), Wallace & Mahon (1976). Remarks. Male unknown. Type deposition. SAM. 201. Odontoscirus hospita (Banks, 1916): 224 comb. nov.; Victoria, Australia, with Polyrhachis hexacantha (Insecta, Formicidae).��� Wallace & Mahon, 1976: 91. Original designation: Bdella (Scirus) hospita Banks. Other name: Bdellodes (Hoploscirus) hospita, Atyeo, 1963a: 19. a. Biscirus symmetricus (part.), Womersley, 1933a: 106 (not Kramer, 1898); synonymy according to Wallace & Mahon (1976: 91). b. Biscirus intermedius (Thor 1928: 213) (part.), Womersley, 1933a: 104; synonymy according to Wallace & Mahon (1976: 91). Redescriptions. Atyeo (1963a), Wallace & Mahon (1976). Type deposition. Cotypes at USNM and SAM. 202. Odontoscirus hurdi (Atyeo, 1960a): 408 comb. nov.; Point Barrow, Alaska, USA. Original designation: Octobdellodes hurdi Atyeo. Other name: Bdellodes (Bdellodes) hurdi; Atyeo, 1963a: 125. Type deposition. Holotype and paratypes at SEMC, paratypes at BMNH, USNM, SAM, CAS. 203. Odontoscirus hygrotes (Swift & Goff, 1987): 32 comb. nov.; Oahu I, Maui I, Hawaii. Original designation: Bdellodes hygrotes Swift & Goff. Type deposition. BPBM. 204. Odontoscirus inflata (Wallace & Mahon, 1976): 78 comb. nov.; Mandurah, Western Australia, coastal sanddune vegetation. Original designation: Bdellodes inflata Wallace & Mahon. Type deposition. Holotype and paratypes at ANIC, paratypes at SAM, BPBM and MONZ. 205. Odontoscirus infrequens (Atyeo, 1960a): 410 comb. nov.; Douglas County, Kansas, USA, on shagbark hickory. Original designation: Octobdellodes infrequens Atyeo. Remarks. According to Atyeo (1960a: 411), this species has 7 to 8 pairs of hypostomal setae rather than the usual 6 pairs. Type deposition. Holotype and paratypes at SEMC, paratypes at USNM. 206. Odontoscirus insolita (Atyeo, 1960a): 398 comb. nov.; 2 miles of west Oakville, Napa Co., California, USA, ��� Laurel association���. Original designation: Thoribdella insolita Atyeo. Type deposition. SEMC. 207. Odontoscirus intermedius (Thor, 1928): 213 comb. nov.; Norway. Original designation: Biscirus (Biscirus) intermedius Thor; Thor, 1931a: 48. Other names: Biscirus intermedius, Schweizer & Bader, 1963: 236; Thoribdella intermedius, Grandjean, 1938: 4; Bdellodes (Hoploscirus) intermedius, Atyeo, 1963a: 128. Distribution. Norway (Thor 1931a), Georgia (Gomelauri 1963b), Switzerland (Schweizer & Bader 1963), Ukraine (Kuznetsov & Livshits 1979a). Type deposition. Lost. 208. Odontoscirus, Published as part of Hernandes, Fabio A., Skvarla, Michael J., Fisher, Ray, Dowling, Ashley P. G., Ochoa, Ronald, Ueckermann, Edward A. & Bauchan, Gary R., 2016, Catalogue of snout mites (Acariformes: Bdellidae) of the world, pp. 1-83 in Zootaxa 4152 (1) on pages 31-41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4152.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/261900, {"references":["Thor, S. (1913) Biscirus genus novum: eine neue Bdelliden-Gattung und zwei neue Untergattungen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 42, 28 - 30.","Thor, S. (1931 a) Bdellidae, Nicoletiellidae, Cryptognathidae. Das Tierreich, 56, 87 pp.","Meyer, M. K. P. & Ryke, P. A. J. (1959) Cunaxoidea (Acarina: Prostigmata) occurring on plants in South Africa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 13 (2), 369 - 384. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935908655745","Atyeo, W. T. (1960 a) A revision of the family Bdellidae in North and Central America (Acarina: Prostigmata). University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 40, 345 - 499.","Michocka, S. (1987) Polskie Roztocze (Acari) z rodzin Bdellidae i Cunaxidae. Monografie Fauny Polski, 14, 1 - 128 [in Polish with English summary].","Wallace, M. M. H. & Mahon, J. A. (1976) The taxonomy and biology of Australian Bdellidae (Acari). II. Subfamily Odontoscirinae. Acarologia, 18 (1), 65 - 123.","Oudemans, A. C. (1937) Kritisch historisch overzicht der Acarologie. Derede gedeelte, 1805 - 1850, Band C, Tarsonemini Can. & Fanz. 1877, Stomatostigmata Oudms. 1906, Eleutherengona Oudms. 1909. Brill, 1179 - 1259.","Hermann, J. F. (1804) III Ciron (Scirus). Memoire Apterologique, 60 - 62.","Thor, S. (1937) Hoploscirus, eine neue schildtragende Bdellidengattung aus Tasmania, unter dem Namen Scirus dubitatus n. sp. von H. Womersley, 1933 Beschrieben. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 119, 43 - 44.","Womersley, H. 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Family Tenuipalpidae Berlese, 1913, Published as part of Castro, Elizeu B., Feres, Reinaldo J. F., Ochoa, Ronald & Bauchan, Gary R., 2016, A new species of Tenuipalpus sensu stricto (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) from Brazil, with ontogeny and a key to the known species, pp. 355-378 in Zootaxa 4088 (3) on page 356, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4088.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/261507

Monotrichobdella Baker & Balock Monotrichobdella Baker & Balock, 1944: 176. Type-species: Monotrichobdella maxosburni Baker & Balock, 1944 by original designation. 120. Monotrichobdella maxosburni Baker & Balock, 1944: 176; near Tres Cumbres, Mexico-Cuernavaca Highway, Morelos, Mexico, ex lichens. Distribution. Mexico (Morelos, Salazar, Distrito Federal) (Baker & Balock 1944; Atyeo 1960a), Taiwan (Tseng 1978). Redescriptions. Atyeo (1960a), Tseng (1978). Type deposition. USNM.