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1. Contact lens associated keratitis due to Tintelnotia destructans

Author

Shu Jin Tan, Mariyam Nure, Dianne Gardam, Charlotte McKnight, Peter A. Boan, and Benjamin M. Clark

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

We report the first case of Tintelnotia destructans associated keratitis in a contact lens wearer in Australia. Corneal scrape showed fungal elements on direct microscopy leading to a prompt diagnosis of fungal keratitis and early topical and systemic antifungal therapy. The isolate was eventually identified by ITS gene sequencing. This case highlights the importance of accurate identification and antifungal susceptibility testing for the management of fungal keratitis. Keywords: Fungal keratitis, Tintelnotia, Voriconazole

Published
2020
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2. Clinical Characteristics, Etiology, and Initial Management Strategy of Newly Diagnosed Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Multicenter, Prospective Observational Cohort Study of 783 Patients

Author

Roy Chean, Kellie Schneider, Chris Lemoh, Kerry Read, Sarah Metcalf, Adrienne Torda, Eugene Athan, David G. Campbell, James O. Robinson, Thi Aung, Paul Huggan, Renju Nelson, Tony Allworth, Steven Graves, Vana Nagendra, Darcie Cooper, Marjorie Sehu, Kate Grimwade, Craig A Aboltins, David L. Paterson, Babak Rad, Alistair B. Reid, Mark Loewenthal, Laurens Manning, Stephen McBride, Archana Sud, Piers Yates, Peter Leung, Nora Mutalima, Benjamin M. Clark, Joshua S. Davis, Chris Luey, and Lucian B. Solomon

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Joint replacement, medicine.medical_treatment, 030106 microbiology, Periprosthetic, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Major Article, medicine, periprosthetic jo int infection, Prospective cohort study, 030222 orthopedics, business.industry, artificial joint infection, Arthroplasty, Editor's Choice, AcademicSubjects/MED00290, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, arthroplasty infection, Etiology, Observational study, Ankle, business, Cohort study
Abstract

Background Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication of joint replacement surgery. Most observational studies of PJI are retrospective or single-center, and reported management approaches and outcomes vary widely. We hypothesized that there would be substantial heterogeneity in PJI management and that most PJIs would present as late acute infections occurring as a consequence of bloodstream infections. Methods The Prosthetic joint Infection in Australia and New Zealand, Observational (PIANO) study is a prospective study at 27 hospitals. From July 2014 through December 2017, we enrolled all adults with a newly diagnosed PJI of a large joint. We collected data on demographics, microbiology, and surgical and antibiotic management over the first 3 months postpresentation. Results We enrolled 783 patients (427 knee, 323 hip, 25 shoulder, 6 elbow, and 2 ankle). The mode of presentation was late acute (>30 days postimplantation and 30 days postimplantation with ≥30 days of symptoms; 148, 19%). Debridement, antibiotics, irrigation, and implant retention constituted the commonest initial management approach (565, 72%), but debridement was moderate or less in 142 (25%) and the polyethylene liner was not exchanged in 104 (23%). Conclusions In contrast to most studies, late acute infection was the most common mode of presentation, likely reflecting hematogenous seeding. Management was heterogeneous, reflecting the poor evidence base and the need for randomized controlled trials., We enrolled 783 patients in a prospective, observational binational study of peri-prosthetic joint infection. Late, acute infections were the commonest mode of presentation. Microbiological causes differed according to affected joint and the timing of the infection. Management approaches were heterogeneous.

Published
2020
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3. Contact lens associated keratitis due to Tintelnotia destructans

Author

Peter Boan, Dianne Gardam, Shu Jin Tan, Benjamin M. Clark, Charlotte McKnight, and Mariyam Nure

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Antifungal, Susceptibility testing, medicine.drug_class, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Case Report, Microbiology, Keratitis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Fungal keratitis, Medicine, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Voriconazole, lcsh:R5-920, business.industry, Direct microscopy, medicine.disease, Tintelnotia destructans, Contact lens, Infectious Diseases, lcsh:Biology (General), Tintelnotia, lcsh:Medicine (General), business, medicine.drug
Abstract

We report the first case of Tintelnotia destructans associated keratitis in a contact lens wearer in Australia. Corneal scrape showed fungal elements on direct microscopy leading to a prompt diagnosis of fungal keratitis and early topical and systemic antifungal therapy. The isolate was eventually identified by ITS gene sequencing. This case highlights the importance of accurate identification and antifungal susceptibility testing for the management of fungal keratitis. Keywords: Fungal keratitis, Tintelnotia, Voriconazole

Published
2019

4. The Not-So-Good Prognosis of Streptococcal Periprosthetic Joint Infection Managed by Implant Retention

Author

María Dolores del Toro, Matteo Ferrari, Rafael San Juan, Cédric Arvieux, Benjamin M. Clark, Joshua S. Davis, Tristan Ferry, Trisha Peel, Jaime Lora-Tamayo, Eric Senneville, Louis Bernard, Efthymia Giannitsioti, Dace Vigante, Antonio Ramos, José Antonio Iribarren, Dolors Rodríguez-Pardo, Melchor Riera, L Guio, N. Benito, Daniëlle Neut, Rihard Trebše, Karina O'Connell, Craig A Aboltins, Michel Dupon, Alfredo Jover-Sáenz, H K Li, Peter F. M. Choong, Alberto Bahamonde, Josu Baraia-Etxaburu, Thomas Gottlieb, Jaime Esteban, M Jose G. Pais, Mauro José Costa Salles, Kaisa Huotari, Severine Ansart, Alex Soriano, Martin Clauss, Parham Sendi, Nathalie Asseray, Alba Ribera, Nina Gorisek Miksic, Mar Sánchez-Somolinos, Gábor Skaliczki, Lucía Gómez, Javier Ariza, Valérie Zeller, Juan Pablo Horcajada, Julián Palomino, Javier Cobo, Marta Fernandez-Sampedro, Alicia Rico, Ulrike Dapunt, Gwenael Le Moal, Ilker Uçkay, José Maria Barbero, and Werner Zimmerli

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Internationality, Periprosthetic, Arthritis, Salvage therapy, SUSCEPTIBILITY, GUIDELINES, biofilm, 0302 clinical medicine, bone and joint infection, Clinical endpoint, 030212 general & internal medicine, Treatment Failure, Prosthesis-Related Infection, 610 Medicine & health, PREDICTORS, RISK, Hazard ratio, Prognosis, 3. Good health, Anti-Bacterial Agents, ETIOLOGY, Infectious Diseases, Female, Rifampin, ANTIBIOTICS, rifampin, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Prosthesis-Related Infections, 030106 microbiology, beta-Lactams, Streptococcus agalactiae, 03 medical and health sciences, PROSTHESIS, Streptococcal Infections, TREATMENT FAILURE, medicine, Humans, DAIR, Aged, Retrospective Studies, STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS, Salvage Therapy, Arthritis, Infectious, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, DEBRIDEMENT, medicine.disease, Surgery, Debridement, Bacteremia, Biofilms, 570 Life sciences, biology, business
Abstract

Background.: Streptococci are not an infrequent cause of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Management by debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) is thought to produce a good prognosis, but little is known about the real likelihood of success.Methods.: A retrospective, observational, multicenter, international study was performed during 2003-2012. Eligible patients had a streptococcal PJI that was managed with DAIR. The primary endpoint was failure, defined as death related to infection, relapse/persistence of infection, or the need for salvage therapy.Results.: Overall, 462 cases were included (median age 72 years, 50% men). The most frequent species was Streptococcus agalactiae (34%), and 52% of all cases were hematogenous. Antibiotic treatment was primarily using β-lactams, and 37% of patients received rifampin. Outcomes were evaluable in 444 patients: failure occurred in 187 (42.1%; 95% confidence interval, 37.5%-46.7%) after a median of 62 days from debridement; patients without failure were followed up for a median of 802 days. Independent predictors (hazard ratios) of failure were rheumatoid arthritis (2.36), late post-surgical infection (2.20), and bacteremia (1.69). Independent predictors of success were exchange of removable components (0.60), early use of rifampin (0.98 per day of treatment within the first 30 days), and long treatments (≥21 days) with β-lactams, either as monotherapy (0.48) or in combination with rifampin (0.34).Conclusions.: This is the largest series to our knowledge of streptococcal PJI managed by DAIR, showing a worse prognosis than previously reported. The beneficial effects of exchanging the removable components and of β-lactams are confirmed and maybe also a potential benefit from adding rifampin.

Published
2017
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5. Compartmentalization of the immune response in varicella zoster virus immune restoration disease causing transverse myelitis

Author

Benjamin M Clark, Martyn A. French, Romano Krueger, and Patricia Price

Subjects
biology, business.industry, Immunology, Varicella zoster virus, Disease, Compartmentalization (psychology), medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Transverse myelitis, Herpesviridae, Virus, Infectious Diseases, Immune system, Alphaherpesvirinae, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, business
Published
2004
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6. Buruli ulcer disease in travelers and differentiation of Mycobacterium ulcerans strains from northern Australia

Author

Maria Globan, Paul D R Johnson, Niladri Ghosh, P. G. P. Charles, Janet A. M. Fyfe, Caroline J. Lavender, Benjamin M. Clark, Marianne Martinello, and Grant A. Jenkin

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Buruli ulcer, Adult, Male, Genotype, Epidemiology, Molecular typing, medicine, Cluster Analysis, Humans, Typing, Buruli Ulcer, Phylogeny, Aged, Molecular Epidemiology, Travel, Polymorphism, Genetic, Molecular epidemiology, biology, Mycobacterium ulcerans, Australia, Buruli Ulcer Disease, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Molecular Typing, Northern australia, Female, human activities
Abstract

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a necrotizing infection of skin and soft tissue caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans . In Australia, most cases of BU are linked to temperate, coastal Victoria and tropical, northern Queensland, and strains from these regions are distinguishable by variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) typing. We present an epidemiological investigation of five patients found to have been infected during interstate travel and describe two nucleotide polymorphisms that differentiate M. ulcerans strains from northern Australia.

Published
2012

7. Contributors

Author

George J. Alangaden, Michael J. Aldape, Jérôme Allardet-Servent, Upton D. Allen, Heidi S.M. Ammerlaan, Emmanouil Angelakis, Andrew Artenstein, David Asboe, Kingsley B. Asiedu, John C. Atherton, Tar-Ching Aw, Seema Baid-Agrawal, Robin Bailey, Christopher Bandel, Philip S. Barie, David J. Barillo, Pierre-Alexandre Bart, Roger Bayston, C. Ben Beard, Nick J. Beeching, Rodolfo E. Bégué, Yves Benhamou, Constance A. Benson, Elie F. Berbari, Anthony R. Berendt, Madhav P. Bhatta, Jacques Bille, Ari Bitnun, Finn T. Black, Iain Blair, Stéphane Blanche, Thomas P. Bleck, Chantal P. Bleeker-Rovers, Gijs Bleijenberg, Karen C. Bloch, Marc J.M. Bonten, Charles A.B. Boucher, Rafik Bourayou, Emilio S. Bouza, William R. Bowie, Barry D. Brause, Sylvain Brisse, Warwick Britton, Itzhak Brook, David W.G. Brown, Christian Brun-Buisson, James C.M. Brust, Amy E. Bryant, André Bryskier, R. Mark L Buller, Karen Bush, Thierry Calandra, D. William Cameron, Michel Caraël, Michael J. Carr, Inmaculada Casas, Stephen T. Chambers, Katarina G. Chiller, Tom M. Chiller, Peter L. Chiodini, Ian Chopra, Anthony C. Chu, Kevin K. Chung, Benjamin M. Clark, Nathan Clumeck, Clay J. Cockerell, Jonathan Cohen, John Collinge, Christopher P. Conlon, G. Ralph Corey, Alan Cross, John H. Cross, Judith Currier, Carmel M. Curtis, Gina Dallabetta, Robert N. Davidson, Jane Davies, Jeremy Day, Nicholas P.J. Day, Cillian F. De Gascun, Stéphane de Wit, Jean Delmont, David T. Dennis, David J. Diemert, Mehmet Doganay, Tom Doherty, Christiane Dolecek, Stéphane Y. Donati, Arjen M. Dondorp, Barbara Doudier, Michel Drancourt, Dimitri M. Drekonja, Richard H. Drew, Jay S. Duker, J. Stephen Dummer, Charles N. Edwards, Miquel B. Ekkelenkamp, Mark C. Enright, Paul R. Epstein, Veronique Erard, Alice Chijioke Eziefula, Mark B. Feinberg, Florence Fenollar, Alan Fenwick, Luis Fernandez, Joshua Fierer, Roger G. Finch, Charles W. Flexner, Ad C. Fluit, Elizabeth Lee Ford-Jones, Pierre-Edouard Fournier, Victoria Fraser, Martyn A. French, Jon S. Friedland, Joseph M. Fritz, E. Yoko Furuya, Kenneth L. Gage, Lynne S. Garcia, Arturo S. Gastañaduy, Khalil G. Ghanem, Maddalena Giannella, Carol A. Glaser, Marshall J. Glesby, Sarah Glover, Youri Glupczynski, John W. Gnann, Andrew F. Goddard, Ellie J.C. Goldstein, Iveth J. González, Sherwood L. Gorbach, Bruno Gottstein, Ravi Gowda, John D. Grabenstein, John M. Grange, Michael D. Green, Stephen T. Green, Danielle T. Greenblatt, Brian Greenwood, Aric L. Gregson, Andreas H. Groll, Aditya K. Gupta, Kok-Ann Gwee, William Hall, Scott M. Hammer, Sajeev Handa, Diane Hanfelt-Goade, Alexandre Harari, Marianne Harris, Barry J. Hartman, Roderick J. Hay, David K. Henderson, Lisa E. Hensley, Luke Herbert, David R. Hill, Timothy J. Hills, John David Hinze, Hans H. Hirsch, Bernard Hirschel, Andy I.M. Hoepelman, Steven M. Holland, Mary M. Horgan, Robin Howe, James M. Hughes, Mark W. Hull, Clark B. Inderlied, Michael G. Ison, Peter J. Jenks, James R. Johnson, Theodore Jones, Mettassebia Kanno, Carol Kauffman, Patrick Kelly, Jason S. Kendler, Yoav Keynan, Ali S. Khan, Grace T. Kho, George R. Kinghorn, Paul E. Klapper, Jan AJW Kluytmans, Menno Kok, Isabelle Koné-Paut, John N. Krieger, Aloys C.M. Kroes, Frank P. Kroon, Christine J. Kubin, Alberto M. La Rosa, Tahaniyat Lalani, David G. Lalloo, Harold Lambert, Luce Landraud, Stephen D. Lawn, Phillipe Lehours Pharm, Marc Leone, Itzchak Levi, Alexandra M. Levitt, H. D. Alan Lindquist, Graham Lloyd, David J. Looney, Franklin D. Lowy, Benjamin J. Luft, William A. Lynn, Mark J. Macielag, Philip A. Mackowiak, Paul A. MacPherson, Valérie Maghraoui-Slim, Janice Main, Vincent Mallet, Julie E. Mangino, Oriol Manuel, Oscar Marchetti, Kristen Marks, Kieren A. Marr, Claude Martin, Pablo Martín-Rabadán, Augusto Julio Martinez, Ellen M. Mascini, Kenneth H. Mayer, Joseph B. McCormick, Rose McGready, Michael W. McKendrick, Simon Mead, Francis Mégraud, André Z. Meheus, Graeme Meintjes, Marian G. Michaels, Michael Miles, Alastair Miller, Matthew J. Mimiaga, Marie-Paule Mingeot-Leclercq, Thomas G. Mitchell, Pamela A. Moise, Julio Montaner, Caroline B. Moore, Philippe Moreillon, Peter Morgan-Capner, Valentina Montessori, Peter Moss, Patricia Muñoz, Kurt G. Naber, Sammy Nakhla, Jai P. Narain, Dilip Nathwani, Paul Newton, Chinh Nguyen, Lindsay E. Nicolle, Michael S. Niederman, Gary J. Noel, S. Ragnar Norrby, François Nosten, Luigi Daniele Notarangelo, Paul Nyirjesy, P. Ronan O'Connell, Jon S. Odorico, Edmund L.C. Ong, Steven M. Opal, L. Peter Ormerod, Douglas R. Osmon, Eric A. Ottesen, Gustavo Palacios, Giuseppe Pantaleo, Laurent Papazian, Philippe Parola, Manuel A. Pascual, Eleni Patrozou, Carlos Paya, Sharon J. Peacock, Jean-Claude Pechère, Mark D. Perkins, Barry Peters, Gaby E. Pfyffer, Paul A. Pham, Peter Piot, Geraldine Placko-Parola, Stainslas Pol, Klara M. Posfay-Barbe, William G. Powderly, Anton Pozniak, Guy Prod'hom, Thomas C. Quinn, Daniel W. Rahn, Aadia I. Rana, Didier Raoult, Raul Raz, Raymund Razonable, Robert C. Read, Stephen J. Reynolds, Malcolm D. Richardson, Christopher C. Robinson, Suzan H.M. Rooijakkers, Daniel Rosenbluth, Sergio D. Rosenzweig, Clarisse Rovery, Robert H. Rubin, Bina Rubinovitch, Kathleen H. Rubins, Ethan Rubinstein, Greg Ryan, Stephen Ryder, Steven Safren, Vikrant V. Sahasrabuddhe, Pekka A.I. Saikku, George Sakoulas, Juan Carlos Salazar, Michelle R. Salvaggio, Kirsten Schaffer, Franz-Josef Schmitz, Robert T. Schooley, Richard-Fabian Schumacher, Euan M. Scrimgeour, James Seddon, Harald Seifert, Graham R. Serjeant, Beverly E. Sha, Keerti V. Shah, Daniel S. Shapiro, Gerard Sheehan, Shmuel Shoham, Cameron P. Simmons, Kari A. Simonsen, Neeraj Singh, Mary P.E. Slack, Jack D. Sobel, Madhuri M. Sopirala, Lisa A. Spacek, Shiranee Sriskandan, Samuel L. Stanley, James M. Steckelberg, Iain Stephenson, Dennis L. Stevens, Walter L. Straus, Willem Sturm, Richard C. Summerbell, Joseph S. Susa, Sarah J. Tabrizi, Marc A. Tack, Randy Taplitz, Pablo Tebas, Marleen Temmerman, Steven F.T. Thijsen, Lora D. Thomas, Gail Thomson, Guy E. Thwaites, Umberto Tirelli, Nina E. Tolkoff-Rubin, Tone Tønjum, Francesca J. Torriani, Gregory C. Townsend, Gloria Trallero Masó, Paul M. Tulkens, Allan R. Tunkel, Emanuela Vaccher, Anaïs Vallet-Pichard, Françoise Van Bambeke, Diederik van de Beek, Jos W.M. van der Meer, Anton M. van Loon, Jos van Putten, Bernard P. Vaudaux, Sten H. Vermund, Hans Verstraelen, Paul Verweij, Raphael P. Viscidi, Kumar Visvanathan, Govinda S. Visvesvara, Lorenz von Seidlein, Florian M.E. Wagenlehner, Victoria Wahl-Jensen, Thomas J. Walsh, David C. Warhurst, David W. Warnock, David A. Warrell, Mary J. Warrell, Adilia Warris, Rainer Weber, Wolfgang Weidner, Vivienne C. Weston, Estella Whimbey, Michael Whitby, Peter J. White, Christopher J.M. Whitty, Rob J.L. Willems, Emrys Williams, Cara Wilson, Mary E. Wilson, Richard E. Winn, Kevin L. Winthrop, Martin J. Wiselka, Hilmar Wisplinghoff, Cameron R. Wolfe, Robin Wood, Natalie Wright, James R. Yankaskas, Najam A. Zaidi, Jonathan M. Zenilman, Yaobi Zhang, Arie J. Zuckerman, Jane Nicola Zuckerman, and Alimuddin Zumla

Published
2010
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8. THE CLOSE BINARY FRACTION OF DWARF M STARS

Author

Benjamin M. Clark, Gillian R. Knapp, and Cullen H. Blake

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, Binary number, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Radial velocity, Stars, Amplitude, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, 0103 physical sciences, Binary star, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Control sample, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common
Abstract

We describe a search for close spectroscopic dwarf M star binaries using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to address the question of the rate of occurrence of multiplicity in M dwarfs. We use a template fitting technique to measure radial velocities from 145,888 individual spectra obtained for a magnitude-limited sample of 39,543 M dwarfs. Typically, the three or four spectra observed for each star are separated in time by less than four hours, but for ~17% of the stars, the individual observations span more than two days. In these cases we are sensitive to large amplitude radial velocity variations on time scales comparable to the separation between the observations. We use a control sample of objects having observations taken within a four hour period to make an empirical estimate of the underlying radial velocity error distribution and simulate our detection efficiency for a wide range of binary star systems. We find the frequency of binaries among the dwarf M stars with a, 23 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2011
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